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418 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
418 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
Installation instructions for PostgreSQL 7.0.2.
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If you haven't gotten the PostgreSQL distribution, get it from
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ftp.postgresql.org, then unpack it:
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> gunzip postgresql-7.0.2.tar.gz
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> tar -xf postgresql-7.0.2.tar
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> mv postgresql-7.0.2 /usr/src
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Before you start
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Building PostgreSQL requires GNU make. It will not work with other make
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programs. On GNU/Linux systems GNU make is the default tool, on other
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systems you may find that GNU make is installed under the name gmake. We
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will use that name from now on to indicate GNU make, no matter what name it
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has on your system. To test for GNU make enter
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> gmake --version
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If you need to get GNU make, you can find it at ftp://ftp.gnu.org.
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Up to date information on supported platforms is at
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http://www.postgresql.org/docs/admin/ports.htm. In general, most
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Unix-compatible platforms with modern libraries should be able to run
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PostgreSQL. In the doc subdirectory of the distribution are several
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platform-specific FAQ and README documents you might wish to consult if you
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are having trouble.
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Although the minimum required memory for running PostgreSQL can be as little
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as 8MB, there are noticeable speed improvements when expanding memory up to
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96MB or beyond. The rule is you can never have too much memory.
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Check that you have sufficient disk space. You will need about 30 Mbytes for
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the source tree during compilation and about 5 Mbytes for the installation
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directory. An empty database takes about 1 Mbyte, otherwise they take about
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five times the amount of space that a flat text file with the same data
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would take. If you run the regression tests you will temporarily need an
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extra 20MB.
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To check for disk space, use
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> df -k
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Considering today's prices for hard disks, getting a large and fast hard
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disk should probably be in your plans before putting a database into
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production use.
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Installation Procedure
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PostgreSQL Installation
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For a fresh install or upgrading from previous releases of PostgreSQL:
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1. Create the PostgreSQL superuser account. This is the user the server
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will run as. For production use you should create a separate,
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unprivileged account (postgres is commonly used). If you do not have
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root access or just want to play around, your own user account is
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enough.
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Running PostgreSQL as root, bin, or any other account with special
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access rights is a security risk; don't do it. The postmaster will in
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fact refuse to start as root.
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You need not do the building and installation itself under this account
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(although you can). You will be told when you need to login as the
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database superuser.
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2. Configure the source code for your system. It is this step at which you
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can specify your actual installation path for the build process and
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make choices about what gets installed. Change into the src
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subdirectory and type:
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> ./configure
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followed by any options you might want to give it. For a first
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installation you should be able to do fine without any. For a complete
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list of options, type:
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> ./configure --help
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Some of the more commonly used ones are:
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--prefix=BASEDIR
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Selects a different base directory for the installation of
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PostgreSQL. The default is /usr/local/pgsql.
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--enable-locale
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If you want to use locales.
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--enable-multibyte
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Allows the use of multibyte character encodings. This is primarily
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for languages like Japanese, Korean, or Chinese.
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--with-perl
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Builds the Perl interface and plperl extension language. Please
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note that the Perl interface needs to be installed into the usual
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place for Perl modules (typically under /usr/lib/perl), so you
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must have root access to perform the installation step. (It is
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often easiest to leave out --with-perl initially, and then build
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and install the Perl interface after completing the installation
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of PostgreSQL itself.)
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--with-odbc
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Builds the ODBC driver package.
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--with-tcl
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Builds interface libraries and programs requiring Tcl/Tk,
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including libpgtcl, pgtclsh, and pgtksh.
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3. Compile the program. Type
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> gmake
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The compilation process can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour.
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Your mileage will most certainly vary. Remember to use GNU make.
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The last line displayed will hopefully be
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All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to install.
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4. If you want to test the newly built server before you install it, you
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can run the regression tests at this point. The regression tests are a
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test suite to verify that PostgreSQL runs on your machine in the way
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the developers expected it to. For detailed instructions see Regression
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Test. (Be sure to use the "parallel regress test" method, since the
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sequential method only works with an already-installed server.)
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5. If you are not upgrading an existing system, skip to step 7.
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If you are running 7.*, skip to step 6.
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You now need to back up your existing database. To dump your
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database installation, type:
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> pg_dumpall > db.out
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If you wish to preserve object id's (oids), then use the -o option when
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running pg_dumpall. However, unless you have a special reason for doing
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this (such as using OIDs as keys in tables), don't do it.
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Make sure to use the pg_dumpall command from the version you are
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currently running. 7.0.2's pg_dumpall should not be used on older
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databases.
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Caution
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You must make sure that your database is not updated in the middle of your
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backup. If necessary, bring down postmaster, edit the permissions in file
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/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf to allow only you on, then bring
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postmaster back up.
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Rather than using pg_dumpall, pg_upgrade can often be used.
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6. If you are upgrading an existing system, kill the database server
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now. Type
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> ps ax | grep postmaster
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or
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> ps -e | grep postmaster
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(It depends on your system which one of these two works. No harm can be
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done by typing the wrong one.) This should list the process numbers for
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a number of processes, similar to this:
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263 ? SW 0:00 (postmaster)
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777 p1 S 0:00 grep postmaster
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Type the following line, with pid replaced by the process id for
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process postmaster (263 in the above case). (Do not use the id for the
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process "grep postmaster".)
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> kill pid
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Tip: On systems which have PostgreSQL started at boot time,
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there is probably a startup file that will accomplish the
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same thing. For example, on a Redhat Linux system one might
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find that
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> /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init stop
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works.
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If you used pg_dumpall, move the old directory out of the
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way. Type the following:
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> mv /usr/local/pgsql /usr/local/pgsql.old
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(substitute your particular paths).
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7. Install the PostgreSQL executable files and libraries. Type
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> gmake install
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You should do this step as the user that you want the installed
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executables to be owned by. This does not have to be the same as the
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database superuser; some people prefer to have the installed files be
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owned by root.
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8. If necessary, tell your system how to find the new shared libraries.
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How to do this varies between platforms. The most widely usable method
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is to set the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH:
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> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
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> export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
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on sh, ksh, bash, zsh or
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> setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib
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on csh or tcsh. You might want to put this into a shell startup file
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such as /etc/profile.
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On some systems the following is the preferred method, but you must
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have root access. Edit file /etc/ld.so.conf to add a line
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/usr/local/pgsql/lib
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Then run command /sbin/ldconfig.
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If in doubt, refer to the manual pages of your system. If you later on
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get a message like
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psql: error in loading shared libraries
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libpq.so.2.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
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then the above was necessary. Simply do this step then.
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9. If you moved the old directory out of the way,
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create the database installation (the working data files). To do this
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you must log in to your PostgreSQL superuser account. It will not work
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as root.
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> mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
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> chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
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> su - postgres
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> /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
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The -D option specifies the location where the data will be stored. You
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can use any path you want, it does not have to be under the
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installation directory. Just make sure that the superuser account can
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write to the directory (or create it, if it doesn't already exist)
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before starting initdb. (If you have already been doing the
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installation up to now as the PostgreSQL superuser, you may have to log
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in as root temporarily to create the data directory underneath a
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root-owned directory.)
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10. The previous step should have told you how to start up the database
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server. Do so now. The command should look something like
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> /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
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This will start the server in the foreground. To make it detach to the
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background, you can use the -S option, but then you won't see any log
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messages the server produces. A better way to put the server in the
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background is
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> nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \
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</dev/null >>server.log 2>>1 &
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11. If you did a pg_dumpall, reload your data back in:
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> /usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql -d template1 -f db.out
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You also might want to copy over the old pg_hba.conf file and any other
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files you might have had set up for authentication, such as password
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files.
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This concludes the installation proper. To make your life more productive
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and enjoyable you should look at the following optional steps and
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suggestions:
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* Life will be more convenient if you set up some environment variables.
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First of all you probably want to include /usr/local/pgsql/bin (or
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equivalent) into your PATH. To do this, add the following to your shell
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startup file, such as ~/.bash_profile (or /etc/profile, if you want it
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to affect every user):
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> PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
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Furthermore, if you set PGDATA in the environment of the PostgreSQL
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superuser, you can omit the -D for postmaster and initdb.
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* You probably want to install the man and HTML documentation. Type
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> cd /usr/src/pgsql/postgresql-7.0.2/doc
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> gmake install
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This will install files under /usr/local/pgsql/doc and
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/usr/local/pgsql/man. To enable your system to find the man
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documentation, you need to add a line like the following to a shell
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startup file:
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> MANPATH=$MANPATH:/usr/local/pgsql/man
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The documentation is also available in Postscript format. If you have a
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Postscript printer, or have your machine already set up to accept
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Postscript files using a print filter, then to print the User's Guide
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simply type
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> cd /usr/local/pgsql/doc
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> gunzip -c user.ps.tz | lpr
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Here is how you might do it if you have Ghostscript on your system and
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are writing to a laserjet printer.
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> gunzip -c user.ps.gz \
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| gs -sDEVICE=laserjet -r300 -q -dNOPAUSE -sOutputFile=- \
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| lpr
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Printer setups can vary wildly from system to system. If in doubt,
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consult your manuals or your local expert.
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The Adminstrator's Guide should probably be your first reading if you
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are completely new to PostgreSQL, as it contains information about how
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to set up database users and authentication.
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* Usually, you will want to modify your computer so that it will
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automatically start the database server whenever it boots. This is not
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required; the PostgreSQL server can be run successfully from
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non-privileged accounts without root intervention.
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Different systems have different conventions for starting up daemons at
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boot time, so you are advised to familiarize yourself with them. Most
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systems have a file /etc/rc.local or /etc/rc.d/rc.local which is almost
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certainly no bad place to put such a command. Whatever you do,
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postmaster must be run by the PostgreSQL superuser (postgres) and not
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by root or any other user. Therefore you probably always want to form
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your command lines along the lines of su -c '...' postgres.
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It might be advisable to keep a log of the server output. To start the
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server that way try:
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> nohup su -c 'postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data > server.log 2>&1' postgres &
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Here are a few more operating system specific suggestions.
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o Edit file rc.local on NetBSD or file rc2.d on SPARC Solaris 2.5.1
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to contain the following single line:
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> su postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -S -D /usr/local/pgsql/data"
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o In FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE edit /usr/local/etc/rc.d/pgsql.sh to
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contain the following lines and make it chmod 755 and chown
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root:bin.
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#!/bin/sh
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[ -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster ] && {
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su -l pgsql -c 'exec /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster
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-D/usr/local/pgsql/data
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-S -o -F > /usr/local/pgsql/errlog' &
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echo -n ' pgsql'
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}
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You may put the line breaks as shown above. The shell is smart
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enough to keep parsing beyond end-of-line if there is an
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expression unfinished. The exec saves one layer of shell under the
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postmaster process so the parent is init.
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o In RedHat Linux add a file /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init which is
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based on the example in contrib/linux/. Then make a softlink to
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this file from /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgres.init.
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* Run the regression tests against the installed server (using the
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sequential test method). If you didn't run the tests before
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installation, you should definitely do it now. For detailed
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instructions see Regression Test.
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To start experimenting with Postgres, set up the paths as explained above
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and start the server. To create a database, type
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> createdb testdb
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Then enter
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> psql testdb
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to connect to that database. At the prompt you can enter SQL commands and
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start experimenting.
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