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postgresql/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
Robert Haas 5b1f9ce1d9 postgres_fdw: Don't push down certain full joins. 
If there's a filter condition on either side of a full outer join,
it is neither correct to attach it to the join's ON clause nor to
throw it into the toplevel WHERE clause.  Just don't push down the
join in that case.

To maximize the number of cases where we can still push down full
joins, push inner join conditions into the ON clause at the first
opportunity rather than postponing them to the top-level WHERE
clause.  This produces nicer SQL, anyway.

This bug was introduced in e4106b2528.

Ashutosh Bapat, per report from Rajkumar Raghuwanshi.
2016-04-20 23:54:19 -04:00

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* postgres_fdw.c
* Foreign-data wrapper for remote PostgreSQL servers
*
* Portions Copyright (c) 2012-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "postgres_fdw.h"
#include "access/htup_details.h"
#include "access/sysattr.h"
#include "commands/defrem.h"
#include "commands/explain.h"
#include "commands/vacuum.h"
#include "foreign/fdwapi.h"
#include "funcapi.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "optimizer/cost.h"
#include "optimizer/pathnode.h"
#include "optimizer/paths.h"
#include "optimizer/planmain.h"
#include "optimizer/restrictinfo.h"
#include "optimizer/var.h"
#include "optimizer/tlist.h"
#include "parser/parsetree.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/guc.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/rel.h"
#include "utils/sampling.h"
PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
/* Default CPU cost to start up a foreign query. */
#define DEFAULT_FDW_STARTUP_COST 100.0
/* Default CPU cost to process 1 row (above and beyond cpu_tuple_cost). */
#define DEFAULT_FDW_TUPLE_COST 0.01
/* If no remote estimates, assume a sort costs 20% extra */
#define DEFAULT_FDW_SORT_MULTIPLIER 1.2
/*
* Indexes of FDW-private information stored in fdw_private lists.
*
* These items are indexed with the enum FdwScanPrivateIndex, so an item
* can be fetched with list_nth(). For example, to get the SELECT statement:
* sql = strVal(list_nth(fdw_private, FdwScanPrivateSelectSql));
*/
enum FdwScanPrivateIndex
{
/* SQL statement to execute remotely (as a String node) */
FdwScanPrivateSelectSql,
/* List of restriction clauses that can be executed remotely */
FdwScanPrivateRemoteConds,
/* Integer list of attribute numbers retrieved by the SELECT */
FdwScanPrivateRetrievedAttrs,
/* Integer representing the desired fetch_size */
FdwScanPrivateFetchSize,
/* Oid of user mapping to be used while connecting to the foreign server */
FdwScanPrivateUserMappingOid,
/*
* String describing join i.e. names of relations being joined and types
* of join, added when the scan is join
*/
FdwScanPrivateRelations
};
/*
* Similarly, this enum describes what's kept in the fdw_private list for
* a ModifyTable node referencing a postgres_fdw foreign table. We store:
*
* 1) INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE statement text to be sent to the remote server
* 2) Integer list of target attribute numbers for INSERT/UPDATE
* (NIL for a DELETE)
* 3) Boolean flag showing if the remote query has a RETURNING clause
* 4) Integer list of attribute numbers retrieved by RETURNING, if any
*/
enum FdwModifyPrivateIndex
{
/* SQL statement to execute remotely (as a String node) */
FdwModifyPrivateUpdateSql,
/* Integer list of target attribute numbers for INSERT/UPDATE */
FdwModifyPrivateTargetAttnums,
/* has-returning flag (as an integer Value node) */
FdwModifyPrivateHasReturning,
/* Integer list of attribute numbers retrieved by RETURNING */
FdwModifyPrivateRetrievedAttrs
};
/*
* Similarly, this enum describes what's kept in the fdw_private list for
* a ForeignScan node that modifies a foreign table directly. We store:
*
* 1) UPDATE/DELETE statement text to be sent to the remote server
* 2) Boolean flag showing if the remote query has a RETURNING clause
* 3) Integer list of attribute numbers retrieved by RETURNING, if any
* 4) Boolean flag showing if we set the command es_processed
*/
enum FdwDirectModifyPrivateIndex
{
/* SQL statement to execute remotely (as a String node) */
FdwDirectModifyPrivateUpdateSql,
/* has-returning flag (as an integer Value node) */
FdwDirectModifyPrivateHasReturning,
/* Integer list of attribute numbers retrieved by RETURNING */
FdwDirectModifyPrivateRetrievedAttrs,
/* set-processed flag (as an integer Value node) */
FdwDirectModifyPrivateSetProcessed
};
/*
* Execution state of a foreign scan using postgres_fdw.
*/
typedef struct PgFdwScanState
{
Relation rel; /* relcache entry for the foreign table. NULL
* for a foreign join scan. */
TupleDesc tupdesc; /* tuple descriptor of scan */
AttInMetadata *attinmeta; /* attribute datatype conversion metadata */
/* extracted fdw_private data */
char *query; /* text of SELECT command */
List *retrieved_attrs; /* list of retrieved attribute numbers */
/* for remote query execution */
PGconn *conn; /* connection for the scan */
unsigned int cursor_number; /* quasi-unique ID for my cursor */
bool cursor_exists; /* have we created the cursor? */
int numParams; /* number of parameters passed to query */
FmgrInfo *param_flinfo; /* output conversion functions for them */
List *param_exprs; /* executable expressions for param values */
const char **param_values; /* textual values of query parameters */
/* for storing result tuples */
HeapTuple *tuples; /* array of currently-retrieved tuples */
int num_tuples; /* # of tuples in array */
int next_tuple; /* index of next one to return */
/* batch-level state, for optimizing rewinds and avoiding useless fetch */
int fetch_ct_2; /* Min(# of fetches done, 2) */
bool eof_reached; /* true if last fetch reached EOF */
/* working memory contexts */
MemoryContext batch_cxt; /* context holding current batch of tuples */
MemoryContext temp_cxt; /* context for per-tuple temporary data */
int fetch_size; /* number of tuples per fetch */
} PgFdwScanState;
/*
* Execution state of a foreign insert/update/delete operation.
*/
typedef struct PgFdwModifyState
{
Relation rel; /* relcache entry for the foreign table */
AttInMetadata *attinmeta; /* attribute datatype conversion metadata */
/* for remote query execution */
PGconn *conn; /* connection for the scan */
char *p_name; /* name of prepared statement, if created */
/* extracted fdw_private data */
char *query; /* text of INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE command */
List *target_attrs; /* list of target attribute numbers */
bool has_returning; /* is there a RETURNING clause? */
List *retrieved_attrs; /* attr numbers retrieved by RETURNING */
/* info about parameters for prepared statement */
AttrNumber ctidAttno; /* attnum of input resjunk ctid column */
int p_nums; /* number of parameters to transmit */
FmgrInfo *p_flinfo; /* output conversion functions for them */
/* working memory context */
MemoryContext temp_cxt; /* context for per-tuple temporary data */
} PgFdwModifyState;
/*
* Execution state of a foreign scan that modifies a foreign table directly.
*/
typedef struct PgFdwDirectModifyState
{
Relation rel; /* relcache entry for the foreign table */
AttInMetadata *attinmeta; /* attribute datatype conversion metadata */
/* extracted fdw_private data */
char *query; /* text of UPDATE/DELETE command */
bool has_returning; /* is there a RETURNING clause? */
List *retrieved_attrs; /* attr numbers retrieved by RETURNING */
bool set_processed; /* do we set the command es_processed? */
/* for remote query execution */
PGconn *conn; /* connection for the update */
int numParams; /* number of parameters passed to query */
FmgrInfo *param_flinfo; /* output conversion functions for them */
List *param_exprs; /* executable expressions for param values */
const char **param_values; /* textual values of query parameters */
/* for storing result tuples */
PGresult *result; /* result for query */
int num_tuples; /* # of result tuples */
int next_tuple; /* index of next one to return */
/* working memory context */
MemoryContext temp_cxt; /* context for per-tuple temporary data */
} PgFdwDirectModifyState;
/*
* Workspace for analyzing a foreign table.
*/
typedef struct PgFdwAnalyzeState
{
Relation rel; /* relcache entry for the foreign table */
AttInMetadata *attinmeta; /* attribute datatype conversion metadata */
List *retrieved_attrs; /* attr numbers retrieved by query */
/* collected sample rows */
HeapTuple *rows; /* array of size targrows */
int targrows; /* target # of sample rows */
int numrows; /* # of sample rows collected */
/* for random sampling */
double samplerows; /* # of rows fetched */
double rowstoskip; /* # of rows to skip before next sample */
ReservoirStateData rstate; /* state for reservoir sampling */
/* working memory contexts */
MemoryContext anl_cxt; /* context for per-analyze lifespan data */
MemoryContext temp_cxt; /* context for per-tuple temporary data */
} PgFdwAnalyzeState;
/*
* Identify the attribute where data conversion fails.
*/
typedef struct ConversionLocation
{
Relation rel; /* foreign table's relcache entry. */
AttrNumber cur_attno; /* attribute number being processed, or 0 */
/*
* In case of foreign join push down, fdw_scan_tlist is used to identify
* the Var node corresponding to the error location and
* fsstate->ss.ps.state gives access to the RTEs of corresponding relation
* to get the relation name and attribute name.
*/
ForeignScanState *fsstate;
} ConversionLocation;
/* Callback argument for ec_member_matches_foreign */
typedef struct
{
Expr *current; /* current expr, or NULL if not yet found */
List *already_used; /* expressions already dealt with */
} ec_member_foreign_arg;
/*
* SQL functions
*/
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(postgres_fdw_handler);
/*
* FDW callback routines
*/
static void postgresGetForeignRelSize(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *baserel,
Oid foreigntableid);
static void postgresGetForeignPaths(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *baserel,
Oid foreigntableid);
static ForeignScan *postgresGetForeignPlan(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *baserel,
Oid foreigntableid,
ForeignPath *best_path,
List *tlist,
List *scan_clauses,
Plan *outer_plan);
static void postgresBeginForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node, int eflags);
static TupleTableSlot *postgresIterateForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node);
static void postgresReScanForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node);
static void postgresEndForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node);
static void postgresAddForeignUpdateTargets(Query *parsetree,
RangeTblEntry *target_rte,
Relation target_relation);
static List *postgresPlanForeignModify(PlannerInfo *root,
ModifyTable *plan,
Index resultRelation,
int subplan_index);
static void postgresBeginForeignModify(ModifyTableState *mtstate,
ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo,
List *fdw_private,
int subplan_index,
int eflags);
static TupleTableSlot *postgresExecForeignInsert(EState *estate,
ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo,
TupleTableSlot *slot,
TupleTableSlot *planSlot);
static TupleTableSlot *postgresExecForeignUpdate(EState *estate,
ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo,
TupleTableSlot *slot,
TupleTableSlot *planSlot);
static TupleTableSlot *postgresExecForeignDelete(EState *estate,
ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo,
TupleTableSlot *slot,
TupleTableSlot *planSlot);
static void postgresEndForeignModify(EState *estate,
ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo);
static int postgresIsForeignRelUpdatable(Relation rel);
static bool postgresPlanDirectModify(PlannerInfo *root,
ModifyTable *plan,
Index resultRelation,
int subplan_index);
static void postgresBeginDirectModify(ForeignScanState *node, int eflags);
static TupleTableSlot *postgresIterateDirectModify(ForeignScanState *node);
static void postgresEndDirectModify(ForeignScanState *node);
static void postgresExplainForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node,
ExplainState *es);
static void postgresExplainForeignModify(ModifyTableState *mtstate,
ResultRelInfo *rinfo,
List *fdw_private,
int subplan_index,
ExplainState *es);
static void postgresExplainDirectModify(ForeignScanState *node,
ExplainState *es);
static bool postgresAnalyzeForeignTable(Relation relation,
AcquireSampleRowsFunc *func,
BlockNumber *totalpages);
static List *postgresImportForeignSchema(ImportForeignSchemaStmt *stmt,
Oid serverOid);
static void postgresGetForeignJoinPaths(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *joinrel,
RelOptInfo *outerrel,
RelOptInfo *innerrel,
JoinType jointype,
JoinPathExtraData *extra);
static bool postgresRecheckForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node,
TupleTableSlot *slot);
/*
* Helper functions
*/
static void estimate_path_cost_size(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *baserel,
List *join_conds,
List *pathkeys,
double *p_rows, int *p_width,
Cost *p_startup_cost, Cost *p_total_cost);
static void get_remote_estimate(const char *sql,
PGconn *conn,
double *rows,
int *width,
Cost *startup_cost,
Cost *total_cost);
static bool ec_member_matches_foreign(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
EquivalenceClass *ec, EquivalenceMember *em,
void *arg);
static void create_cursor(ForeignScanState *node);
static void fetch_more_data(ForeignScanState *node);
static void close_cursor(PGconn *conn, unsigned int cursor_number);
static void prepare_foreign_modify(PgFdwModifyState *fmstate);
static const char **convert_prep_stmt_params(PgFdwModifyState *fmstate,
ItemPointer tupleid,
TupleTableSlot *slot);
static void store_returning_result(PgFdwModifyState *fmstate,
TupleTableSlot *slot, PGresult *res);
static void execute_dml_stmt(ForeignScanState *node);
static TupleTableSlot *get_returning_data(ForeignScanState *node);
static void prepare_query_params(PlanState *node,
List *fdw_exprs,
int numParams,
FmgrInfo **param_flinfo,
List **param_exprs,
const char ***param_values);
static void process_query_params(ExprContext *econtext,
FmgrInfo *param_flinfo,
List *param_exprs,
const char **param_values);
static int postgresAcquireSampleRowsFunc(Relation relation, int elevel,
HeapTuple *rows, int targrows,
double *totalrows,
double *totaldeadrows);
static void analyze_row_processor(PGresult *res, int row,
PgFdwAnalyzeState *astate);
static HeapTuple make_tuple_from_result_row(PGresult *res,
int row,
Relation rel,
AttInMetadata *attinmeta,
List *retrieved_attrs,
ForeignScanState *fsstate,
MemoryContext temp_context);
static void conversion_error_callback(void *arg);
static bool foreign_join_ok(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *joinrel,
JoinType jointype, RelOptInfo *outerrel, RelOptInfo *innerrel,
JoinPathExtraData *extra);
static List *get_useful_pathkeys_for_relation(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel);
static List *get_useful_ecs_for_relation(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel);
static void add_paths_with_pathkeys_for_rel(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *epq_path);
/*
* Foreign-data wrapper handler function: return a struct with pointers
* to my callback routines.
*/
Datum
postgres_fdw_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
FdwRoutine *routine = makeNode(FdwRoutine);
/* Functions for scanning foreign tables */
routine->GetForeignRelSize = postgresGetForeignRelSize;
routine->GetForeignPaths = postgresGetForeignPaths;
routine->GetForeignPlan = postgresGetForeignPlan;
routine->BeginForeignScan = postgresBeginForeignScan;
routine->IterateForeignScan = postgresIterateForeignScan;
routine->ReScanForeignScan = postgresReScanForeignScan;
routine->EndForeignScan = postgresEndForeignScan;
/* Functions for updating foreign tables */
routine->AddForeignUpdateTargets = postgresAddForeignUpdateTargets;
routine->PlanForeignModify = postgresPlanForeignModify;
routine->BeginForeignModify = postgresBeginForeignModify;
routine->ExecForeignInsert = postgresExecForeignInsert;
routine->ExecForeignUpdate = postgresExecForeignUpdate;
routine->ExecForeignDelete = postgresExecForeignDelete;
routine->EndForeignModify = postgresEndForeignModify;
routine->IsForeignRelUpdatable = postgresIsForeignRelUpdatable;
routine->PlanDirectModify = postgresPlanDirectModify;
routine->BeginDirectModify = postgresBeginDirectModify;
routine->IterateDirectModify = postgresIterateDirectModify;
routine->EndDirectModify = postgresEndDirectModify;
/* Function for EvalPlanQual rechecks */
routine->RecheckForeignScan = postgresRecheckForeignScan;
/* Support functions for EXPLAIN */
routine->ExplainForeignScan = postgresExplainForeignScan;
routine->ExplainForeignModify = postgresExplainForeignModify;
routine->ExplainDirectModify = postgresExplainDirectModify;
/* Support functions for ANALYZE */
routine->AnalyzeForeignTable = postgresAnalyzeForeignTable;
/* Support functions for IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA */
routine->ImportForeignSchema = postgresImportForeignSchema;
/* Support functions for join push-down */
routine->GetForeignJoinPaths = postgresGetForeignJoinPaths;
PG_RETURN_POINTER(routine);
}
/*
* postgresGetForeignRelSize
* Estimate # of rows and width of the result of the scan
*
* We should consider the effect of all baserestrictinfo clauses here, but
* not any join clauses.
*/
static void
postgresGetForeignRelSize(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *baserel,
Oid foreigntableid)
{
PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo;
ListCell *lc;
RangeTblEntry *rte = planner_rt_fetch(baserel->relid, root);
const char *namespace;
const char *relname;
const char *refname;
/*
* We use PgFdwRelationInfo to pass various information to subsequent
* functions.
*/
fpinfo = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) palloc0(sizeof(PgFdwRelationInfo));
baserel->fdw_private = (void *) fpinfo;
/* Base foreign tables need to be push down always. */
fpinfo->pushdown_safe = true;
/* Look up foreign-table catalog info. */
fpinfo->table = GetForeignTable(foreigntableid);
fpinfo->server = GetForeignServer(fpinfo->table->serverid);
/*
* Extract user-settable option values. Note that per-table setting of
* use_remote_estimate overrides per-server setting.
*/
fpinfo->use_remote_estimate = false;
fpinfo->fdw_startup_cost = DEFAULT_FDW_STARTUP_COST;
fpinfo->fdw_tuple_cost = DEFAULT_FDW_TUPLE_COST;
fpinfo->shippable_extensions = NIL;
fpinfo->fetch_size = 100;
foreach(lc, fpinfo->server->options)
{
DefElem *def = (DefElem *) lfirst(lc);
if (strcmp(def->defname, "use_remote_estimate") == 0)
fpinfo->use_remote_estimate = defGetBoolean(def);
else if (strcmp(def->defname, "fdw_startup_cost") == 0)
fpinfo->fdw_startup_cost = strtod(defGetString(def), NULL);
else if (strcmp(def->defname, "fdw_tuple_cost") == 0)
fpinfo->fdw_tuple_cost = strtod(defGetString(def), NULL);
else if (strcmp(def->defname, "extensions") == 0)
fpinfo->shippable_extensions =
ExtractExtensionList(defGetString(def), false);
else if (strcmp(def->defname, "fetch_size") == 0)
fpinfo->fetch_size = strtol(defGetString(def), NULL, 10);
}
foreach(lc, fpinfo->table->options)
{
DefElem *def = (DefElem *) lfirst(lc);
if (strcmp(def->defname, "use_remote_estimate") == 0)
fpinfo->use_remote_estimate = defGetBoolean(def);
else if (strcmp(def->defname, "fetch_size") == 0)
fpinfo->fetch_size = strtol(defGetString(def), NULL, 10);
}
/*
* If the table or the server is configured to use remote estimates,
* identify which user to do remote access as during planning. This
* should match what ExecCheckRTEPerms() does. If we fail due to lack of
* permissions, the query would have failed at runtime anyway.
*/
if (fpinfo->use_remote_estimate)
{
Oid userid = rte->checkAsUser ? rte->checkAsUser : GetUserId();
fpinfo->user = GetUserMapping(userid, fpinfo->server->serverid);
}
else
fpinfo->user = NULL;
/*
* Identify which baserestrictinfo clauses can be sent to the remote
* server and which can't.
*/
classifyConditions(root, baserel, baserel->baserestrictinfo,
&fpinfo->remote_conds, &fpinfo->local_conds);
/*
* Identify which attributes will need to be retrieved from the remote
* server. These include all attrs needed for joins or final output, plus
* all attrs used in the local_conds. (Note: if we end up using a
* parameterized scan, it's possible that some of the join clauses will be
* sent to the remote and thus we wouldn't really need to retrieve the
* columns used in them. Doesn't seem worth detecting that case though.)
*/
fpinfo->attrs_used = NULL;
pull_varattnos((Node *) baserel->reltarget->exprs, baserel->relid,
&fpinfo->attrs_used);
foreach(lc, fpinfo->local_conds)
{
RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);
pull_varattnos((Node *) rinfo->clause, baserel->relid,
&fpinfo->attrs_used);
}
/*
* Compute the selectivity and cost of the local_conds, so we don't have
* to do it over again for each path. The best we can do for these
* conditions is to estimate selectivity on the basis of local statistics.
*/
fpinfo->local_conds_sel = clauselist_selectivity(root,
fpinfo->local_conds,
baserel->relid,
JOIN_INNER,
NULL);
cost_qual_eval(&fpinfo->local_conds_cost, fpinfo->local_conds, root);
/*
* Set cached relation costs to some negative value, so that we can detect
* when they are set to some sensible costs during one (usually the first)
* of the calls to estimate_path_cost_size().
*/
fpinfo->rel_startup_cost = -1;
fpinfo->rel_total_cost = -1;
/*
* If the table or the server is configured to use remote estimates,
* connect to the foreign server and execute EXPLAIN to estimate the
* number of rows selected by the restriction clauses, as well as the
* average row width. Otherwise, estimate using whatever statistics we
* have locally, in a way similar to ordinary tables.
*/
if (fpinfo->use_remote_estimate)
{
/*
* Get cost/size estimates with help of remote server. Save the
* values in fpinfo so we don't need to do it again to generate the
* basic foreign path.
*/
estimate_path_cost_size(root, baserel, NIL, NIL,
&fpinfo->rows, &fpinfo->width,
&fpinfo->startup_cost, &fpinfo->total_cost);
/* Report estimated baserel size to planner. */
baserel->rows = fpinfo->rows;
baserel->reltarget->width = fpinfo->width;
}
else
{
/*
* If the foreign table has never been ANALYZEd, it will have relpages
* and reltuples equal to zero, which most likely has nothing to do
* with reality. We can't do a whole lot about that if we're not
* allowed to consult the remote server, but we can use a hack similar
* to plancat.c's treatment of empty relations: use a minimum size
* estimate of 10 pages, and divide by the column-datatype-based width
* estimate to get the corresponding number of tuples.
*/
if (baserel->pages == 0 && baserel->tuples == 0)
{
baserel->pages = 10;
baserel->tuples =
(10 * BLCKSZ) / (baserel->reltarget->width +
MAXALIGN(SizeofHeapTupleHeader));
}
/* Estimate baserel size as best we can with local statistics. */
set_baserel_size_estimates(root, baserel);
/* Fill in basically-bogus cost estimates for use later. */
estimate_path_cost_size(root, baserel, NIL, NIL,
&fpinfo->rows, &fpinfo->width,
&fpinfo->startup_cost, &fpinfo->total_cost);
}
/*
* Set the name of relation in fpinfo, while we are constructing it here.
* It will be used to build the string describing the join relation in
* EXPLAIN output. We can't know whether VERBOSE option is specified or
* not, so always schema-qualify the foreign table name.
*/
fpinfo->relation_name = makeStringInfo();
namespace = get_namespace_name(get_rel_namespace(foreigntableid));
relname = get_rel_name(foreigntableid);
refname = rte->eref->aliasname;
appendStringInfo(fpinfo->relation_name, "%s.%s",
quote_identifier(namespace),
quote_identifier(relname));
if (*refname && strcmp(refname, relname) != 0)
appendStringInfo(fpinfo->relation_name, " %s",
quote_identifier(rte->eref->aliasname));
}
/*
* get_useful_ecs_for_relation
* Determine which EquivalenceClasses might be involved in useful
* orderings of this relation.
*
* This function is in some respects a mirror image of the core function
* pathkeys_useful_for_merging: for a regular table, we know what indexes
* we have and want to test whether any of them are useful. For a foreign
* table, we don't know what indexes are present on the remote side but
* want to speculate about which ones we'd like to use if they existed.
*/
static List *
get_useful_ecs_for_relation(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel)
{
List *useful_eclass_list = NIL;
ListCell *lc;
Relids relids;
/*
* First, consider whether any active EC is potentially useful for a merge
* join against this relation.
*/
if (rel->has_eclass_joins)
{
foreach(lc, root->eq_classes)
{
EquivalenceClass *cur_ec = (EquivalenceClass *) lfirst(lc);
if (eclass_useful_for_merging(root, cur_ec, rel))
useful_eclass_list = lappend(useful_eclass_list, cur_ec);
}
}
/*
* Next, consider whether there are any non-EC derivable join clauses that
* are merge-joinable. If the joininfo list is empty, we can exit
* quickly.
*/
if (rel->joininfo == NIL)
return useful_eclass_list;
/* If this is a child rel, we must use the topmost parent rel to search. */
if (rel->reloptkind == RELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_REL)
relids = find_childrel_top_parent(root, rel)->relids;
else
relids = rel->relids;
/* Check each join clause in turn. */
foreach(lc, rel->joininfo)
{
RestrictInfo *restrictinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);
/* Consider only mergejoinable clauses */
if (restrictinfo->mergeopfamilies == NIL)
continue;
/* Make sure we've got canonical ECs. */
update_mergeclause_eclasses(root, restrictinfo);
/*
* restrictinfo->mergeopfamilies != NIL is sufficient to guarantee
* that left_ec and right_ec will be initialized, per comments in
* distribute_qual_to_rels, and rel->joininfo should only contain ECs
* where this relation appears on one side or the other.
*/
if (bms_is_subset(relids, restrictinfo->right_ec->ec_relids))
useful_eclass_list = list_append_unique_ptr(useful_eclass_list,
restrictinfo->right_ec);
else if (bms_is_subset(relids, restrictinfo->left_ec->ec_relids))
useful_eclass_list = list_append_unique_ptr(useful_eclass_list,
restrictinfo->left_ec);
}
return useful_eclass_list;
}
/*
* get_useful_pathkeys_for_relation
* Determine which orderings of a relation might be useful.
*
* Getting data in sorted order can be useful either because the requested
* order matches the final output ordering for the overall query we're
* planning, or because it enables an efficient merge join. Here, we try
* to figure out which pathkeys to consider.
*/
static List *
get_useful_pathkeys_for_relation(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel)
{
List *useful_pathkeys_list = NIL;
List *useful_eclass_list;
PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) rel->fdw_private;
EquivalenceClass *query_ec = NULL;
ListCell *lc;
/*
* Pushing the query_pathkeys to the remote server is always worth
* considering, because it might let us avoid a local sort.
*/
if (root->query_pathkeys)
{
bool query_pathkeys_ok = true;
foreach(lc, root->query_pathkeys)
{
PathKey *pathkey = (PathKey *) lfirst(lc);
EquivalenceClass *pathkey_ec = pathkey->pk_eclass;
Expr *em_expr;
/*
* The planner and executor don't have any clever strategy for
* taking data sorted by a prefix of the query's pathkeys and
* getting it to be sorted by all of those pathkeys. We'll just
* end up resorting the entire data set. So, unless we can push
* down all of the query pathkeys, forget it.
*
* is_foreign_expr would detect volatile expressions as well, but
* checking ec_has_volatile here saves some cycles.
*/
if (pathkey_ec->ec_has_volatile ||
!(em_expr = find_em_expr_for_rel(pathkey_ec, rel)) ||
!is_foreign_expr(root, rel, em_expr))
{
query_pathkeys_ok = false;
break;
}
}
if (query_pathkeys_ok)
useful_pathkeys_list = list_make1(list_copy(root->query_pathkeys));
}
/*
* Even if we're not using remote estimates, having the remote side do the
* sort generally won't be any worse than doing it locally, and it might
* be much better if the remote side can generate data in the right order
* without needing a sort at all. However, what we're going to do next is
* try to generate pathkeys that seem promising for possible merge joins,
* and that's more speculative. A wrong choice might hurt quite a bit, so
* bail out if we can't use remote estimates.
*/
if (!fpinfo->use_remote_estimate)
return useful_pathkeys_list;
/* Get the list of interesting EquivalenceClasses. */
useful_eclass_list = get_useful_ecs_for_relation(root, rel);
/* Extract unique EC for query, if any, so we don't consider it again. */
if (list_length(root->query_pathkeys) == 1)
{
PathKey *query_pathkey = linitial(root->query_pathkeys);
query_ec = query_pathkey->pk_eclass;
}
/*
* As a heuristic, the only pathkeys we consider here are those of length
* one. It's surely possible to consider more, but since each one we
* choose to consider will generate a round-trip to the remote side, we
* need to be a bit cautious here. It would sure be nice to have a local
* cache of information about remote index definitions...
*/
foreach(lc, useful_eclass_list)
{
EquivalenceClass *cur_ec = lfirst(lc);
Expr *em_expr;
PathKey *pathkey;
/* If redundant with what we did above, skip it. */
if (cur_ec == query_ec)
continue;
/* If no pushable expression for this rel, skip it. */
em_expr = find_em_expr_for_rel(cur_ec, rel);
if (em_expr == NULL || !is_foreign_expr(root, rel, em_expr))
continue;
/* Looks like we can generate a pathkey, so let's do it. */
pathkey = make_canonical_pathkey(root, cur_ec,
linitial_oid(cur_ec->ec_opfamilies),
BTLessStrategyNumber,
false);
useful_pathkeys_list = lappend(useful_pathkeys_list,
list_make1(pathkey));
}
return useful_pathkeys_list;
}
/*
* postgresGetForeignPaths
* Create possible scan paths for a scan on the foreign table
*/
static void
postgresGetForeignPaths(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *baserel,
Oid foreigntableid)
{
PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) baserel->fdw_private;
ForeignPath *path;
List *ppi_list;
ListCell *lc;
/*
* Create simplest ForeignScan path node and add it to baserel. This path
* corresponds to SeqScan path of regular tables (though depending on what
* baserestrict conditions we were able to send to remote, there might
* actually be an indexscan happening there). We already did all the work
* to estimate cost and size of this path.
*/
path = create_foreignscan_path(root, baserel,
NULL, /* default pathtarget */
fpinfo->rows,
fpinfo->startup_cost,
fpinfo->total_cost,
NIL, /* no pathkeys */
NULL, /* no outer rel either */
NULL, /* no extra plan */
NIL); /* no fdw_private list */
add_path(baserel, (Path *) path);
/* Add paths with pathkeys */
add_paths_with_pathkeys_for_rel(root, baserel, NULL);
/*
* If we're not using remote estimates, stop here. We have no way to
* estimate whether any join clauses would be worth sending across, so
* don't bother building parameterized paths.
*/
if (!fpinfo->use_remote_estimate)
return;
/*
* Thumb through all join clauses for the rel to identify which outer
* relations could supply one or more safe-to-send-to-remote join clauses.
* We'll build a parameterized path for each such outer relation.
*
* It's convenient to manage this by representing each candidate outer
* relation by the ParamPathInfo node for it. We can then use the
* ppi_clauses list in the ParamPathInfo node directly as a list of the
* interesting join clauses for that rel. This takes care of the
* possibility that there are multiple safe join clauses for such a rel,
* and also ensures that we account for unsafe join clauses that we'll
* still have to enforce locally (since the parameterized-path machinery
* insists that we handle all movable clauses).
*/
ppi_list = NIL;
foreach(lc, baserel->joininfo)
{
RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);
Relids required_outer;
ParamPathInfo *param_info;
/* Check if clause can be moved to this rel */
if (!join_clause_is_movable_to(rinfo, baserel))
continue;
/* See if it is safe to send to remote */
if (!is_foreign_expr(root, baserel, rinfo->clause))
continue;
/* Calculate required outer rels for the resulting path */
required_outer = bms_union(rinfo->clause_relids,
baserel->lateral_relids);
/* We do not want the foreign rel itself listed in required_outer */
required_outer = bms_del_member(required_outer, baserel->relid);
/*
* required_outer probably can't be empty here, but if it were, we
* couldn't make a parameterized path.
*/
if (bms_is_empty(required_outer))
continue;
/* Get the ParamPathInfo */
param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, baserel,
required_outer);
Assert(param_info != NULL);
/*
* Add it to list unless we already have it. Testing pointer equality
* is OK since get_baserel_parampathinfo won't make duplicates.
*/
ppi_list = list_append_unique_ptr(ppi_list, param_info);
}
/*
* The above scan examined only "generic" join clauses, not those that
* were absorbed into EquivalenceClauses. See if we can make anything out
* of EquivalenceClauses.
*/
if (baserel->has_eclass_joins)
{
/*
* We repeatedly scan the eclass list looking for column references
* (or expressions) belonging to the foreign rel. Each time we find
* one, we generate a list of equivalence joinclauses for it, and then
* see if any are safe to send to the remote. Repeat till there are
* no more candidate EC members.
*/
ec_member_foreign_arg arg;
arg.already_used = NIL;
for (;;)
{
List *clauses;
/* Make clauses, skipping any that join to lateral_referencers */
arg.current = NULL;
clauses = generate_implied_equalities_for_column(root,
baserel,
ec_member_matches_foreign,
(void *) &arg,
baserel->lateral_referencers);
/* Done if there are no more expressions in the foreign rel */
if (arg.current == NULL)
{
Assert(clauses == NIL);
break;
}
/* Scan the extracted join clauses */
foreach(lc, clauses)
{
RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);
Relids required_outer;
ParamPathInfo *param_info;
/* Check if clause can be moved to this rel */
if (!join_clause_is_movable_to(rinfo, baserel))
continue;
/* See if it is safe to send to remote */
if (!is_foreign_expr(root, baserel, rinfo->clause))
continue;
/* Calculate required outer rels for the resulting path */
required_outer = bms_union(rinfo->clause_relids,
baserel->lateral_relids);
required_outer = bms_del_member(required_outer, baserel->relid);
if (bms_is_empty(required_outer))
continue;
/* Get the ParamPathInfo */
param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, baserel,
required_outer);
Assert(param_info != NULL);
/* Add it to list unless we already have it */
ppi_list = list_append_unique_ptr(ppi_list, param_info);
}
/* Try again, now ignoring the expression we found this time */
arg.already_used = lappend(arg.already_used, arg.current);
}
}
/*
* Now build a path for each useful outer relation.
*/
foreach(lc, ppi_list)
{
ParamPathInfo *param_info = (ParamPathInfo *) lfirst(lc);
double rows;
int width;
Cost startup_cost;
Cost total_cost;
/* Get a cost estimate from the remote */
estimate_path_cost_size(root, baserel,
param_info->ppi_clauses, NIL,
&rows, &width,
&startup_cost, &total_cost);
/*
* ppi_rows currently won't get looked at by anything, but still we
* may as well ensure that it matches our idea of the rowcount.
*/
param_info->ppi_rows = rows;
/* Make the path */
path = create_foreignscan_path(root, baserel,
NULL, /* default pathtarget */
rows,
startup_cost,
total_cost,
NIL, /* no pathkeys */
param_info->ppi_req_outer,
NULL,
NIL); /* no fdw_private list */
add_path(baserel, (Path *) path);
}
}
/*
* postgresGetForeignPlan
* Create ForeignScan plan node which implements selected best path
*/
static ForeignScan *
postgresGetForeignPlan(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *foreignrel,
Oid foreigntableid,
ForeignPath *best_path,
List *tlist,
List *scan_clauses,
Plan *outer_plan)
{
PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) foreignrel->fdw_private;
Index scan_relid;
List *fdw_private;
List *remote_conds = NIL;
List *remote_exprs = NIL;
List *local_exprs = NIL;
List *params_list = NIL;
List *retrieved_attrs;
StringInfoData sql;
ListCell *lc;
List *fdw_scan_tlist = NIL;
/*
* For base relations, set scan_relid as the relid of the relation. For
* other kinds of relations set it to 0.
*/
if (foreignrel->reloptkind == RELOPT_BASEREL ||
foreignrel->reloptkind == RELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_REL)
scan_relid = foreignrel->relid;
else
{
scan_relid = 0;
/*
* create_scan_plan() and create_foreignscan_plan() pass
* rel->baserestrictinfo + parameterization clauses through
* scan_clauses. For a join rel->baserestrictinfo is NIL and we are
* not considering parameterization right now, so there should be no
* scan_clauses for a joinrel.
*/
Assert(!scan_clauses);
}
/*
* Separate the scan_clauses into those that can be executed remotely and
* those that can't. baserestrictinfo clauses that were previously
* determined to be safe or unsafe by classifyConditions are shown in
* fpinfo->remote_conds and fpinfo->local_conds. Anything else in the
* scan_clauses list will be a join clause, which we have to check for
* remote-safety.
*
* Note: the join clauses we see here should be the exact same ones
* previously examined by postgresGetForeignPaths. Possibly it'd be worth
* passing forward the classification work done then, rather than
* repeating it here.
*
* This code must match "extract_actual_clauses(scan_clauses, false)"
* except for the additional decision about remote versus local execution.
* Note however that we don't strip the RestrictInfo nodes from the
* remote_conds list, since appendWhereClause expects a list of
* RestrictInfos.
*/
foreach(lc, scan_clauses)
{
RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);
Assert(IsA(rinfo, RestrictInfo));
/* Ignore any pseudoconstants, they're dealt with elsewhere */
if (rinfo->pseudoconstant)
continue;
if (list_member_ptr(fpinfo->remote_conds, rinfo))
{
remote_conds = lappend(remote_conds, rinfo);
remote_exprs = lappend(remote_exprs, rinfo->clause);
}
else if (list_member_ptr(fpinfo->local_conds, rinfo))
local_exprs = lappend(local_exprs, rinfo->clause);
else if (is_foreign_expr(root, foreignrel, rinfo->clause))
{
remote_conds = lappend(remote_conds, rinfo);
remote_exprs = lappend(remote_exprs, rinfo->clause);
}
else
local_exprs = lappend(local_exprs, rinfo->clause);
}
if (foreignrel->reloptkind == RELOPT_JOINREL)
{
/* For a join relation, get the conditions from fdw_private structure */
remote_conds = fpinfo->remote_conds;
local_exprs = fpinfo->local_conds;
/* Build the list of columns to be fetched from the foreign server. */
fdw_scan_tlist = build_tlist_to_deparse(foreignrel);
/*
* Ensure that the outer plan produces a tuple whose descriptor
* matches our scan tuple slot. This is safe because all scans and
* joins support projection, so we never need to insert a Result node.
* Also, remove the local conditions from outer plan's quals, lest
* they will be evaluated twice, once by the local plan and once by
* the scan.
*/
if (outer_plan)
{
ListCell *lc;
outer_plan->targetlist = fdw_scan_tlist;
foreach(lc, local_exprs)
{
Join *join_plan = (Join *) outer_plan;
Node *qual = lfirst(lc);
outer_plan->qual = list_delete(outer_plan->qual, qual);
/*
* For an inner join the local conditions of foreign scan plan
* can be part of the joinquals as well.
*/
if (join_plan->jointype == JOIN_INNER)
join_plan->joinqual = list_delete(join_plan->joinqual,
qual);
}
}
}
/*
* Build the query string to be sent for execution, and identify
* expressions to be sent as parameters.
*/
initStringInfo(&sql);
deparseSelectStmtForRel(&sql, root, foreignrel, fdw_scan_tlist,
remote_conds, best_path->path.pathkeys,
&retrieved_attrs, &params_list);
/*
* Build the fdw_private list that will be available to the executor.
* Items in the list must match order in enum FdwScanPrivateIndex.
*/
fdw_private = list_make5(makeString(sql.data),
remote_conds,
retrieved_attrs,
makeInteger(fpinfo->fetch_size),
makeInteger(foreignrel->umid));
if (foreignrel->reloptkind == RELOPT_JOINREL)
fdw_private = lappend(fdw_private,
makeString(fpinfo->relation_name->data));
/*
* Create the ForeignScan node for the given relation.
*
* Note that the remote parameter expressions are stored in the fdw_exprs
* field of the finished plan node; we can't keep them in private state
* because then they wouldn't be subject to later planner processing.
*/
return make_foreignscan(tlist,
local_exprs,
scan_relid,
params_list,
fdw_private,
fdw_scan_tlist,
remote_exprs,
outer_plan);
}
/*
* postgresBeginForeignScan
* Initiate an executor scan of a foreign PostgreSQL table.
*/
static void
postgresBeginForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node, int eflags)
{
ForeignScan *fsplan = (ForeignScan *) node->ss.ps.plan;
EState *estate = node->ss.ps.state;
PgFdwScanState *fsstate;
UserMapping *user;
int numParams;
/*
* Do nothing in EXPLAIN (no ANALYZE) case. node->fdw_state stays NULL.
*/
if (eflags & EXEC_FLAG_EXPLAIN_ONLY)
return;
/*
* We'll save private state in node->fdw_state.
*/
fsstate = (PgFdwScanState *) palloc0(sizeof(PgFdwScanState));
node->fdw_state = (void *) fsstate;
/*
* Obtain the foreign server where to connect and user mapping to use for
* connection. For base relations we obtain this information from
* catalogs. For join relations, this information is frozen at the time of
* planning to ensure that the join is safe to pushdown. In case the
* information goes stale between planning and execution, plan will be
* invalidated and replanned.
*/
if (fsplan->scan.scanrelid > 0)
{
ForeignTable *table;
/*
* Identify which user to do the remote access as. This should match
* what ExecCheckRTEPerms() does.
*/
RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(fsplan->scan.scanrelid, estate->es_range_table);
Oid userid = rte->checkAsUser ? rte->checkAsUser : GetUserId();
fsstate->rel = node->ss.ss_currentRelation;
table = GetForeignTable(RelationGetRelid(fsstate->rel));
user = GetUserMapping(userid, table->serverid);
}
else
{
Oid umid = intVal(list_nth(fsplan->fdw_private, FdwScanPrivateUserMappingOid));
user = GetUserMappingById(umid);
Assert(fsplan->fs_server == user->serverid);
}
/*
* Get connection to the foreign server. Connection manager will
* establish new connection if necessary.
*/
fsstate->conn = GetConnection(user, false);
/* Assign a unique ID for my cursor */
fsstate->cursor_number = GetCursorNumber(fsstate->conn);
fsstate->cursor_exists = false;
/* Get private info created by planner functions. */
fsstate->query = strVal(list_nth(fsplan->fdw_private,
FdwScanPrivateSelectSql));
fsstate->retrieved_attrs = (List *) list_nth(fsplan->fdw_private,
FdwScanPrivateRetrievedAttrs);
fsstate->fetch_size = intVal(list_nth(fsplan->fdw_private,
FdwScanPrivateFetchSize));
/* Create contexts for batches of tuples and per-tuple temp workspace. */
fsstate->batch_cxt = AllocSetContextCreate(estate->es_query_cxt,
"postgres_fdw tuple data",
ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MINSIZE,
ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_INITSIZE,
ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE);
fsstate->temp_cxt = AllocSetContextCreate(estate->es_query_cxt,
"postgres_fdw temporary data",
ALLOCSET_SMALL_MINSIZE,
ALLOCSET_SMALL_INITSIZE,
ALLOCSET_SMALL_MAXSIZE);
/*
* Get info we'll need for converting data fetched from the foreign server
* into local representation and error reporting during that process.
*/
if (fsplan->scan.scanrelid > 0)
fsstate->tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(fsstate->rel);
else
fsstate->tupdesc = node->ss.ss_ScanTupleSlot->tts_tupleDescriptor;
fsstate->attinmeta = TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(fsstate->tupdesc);
/*
* Prepare for processing of parameters used in remote query, if any.
*/
numParams = list_length(fsplan->fdw_exprs);
fsstate->numParams = numParams;
if (numParams > 0)
prepare_query_params((PlanState *) node,
fsplan->fdw_exprs,
numParams,
&fsstate->param_flinfo,
&fsstate->param_exprs,
&fsstate->param_values);
}
/*
* postgresIterateForeignScan
* Retrieve next row from the result set, or clear tuple slot to indicate
* EOF.
*/
static TupleTableSlot *
postgresIterateForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node)
{
PgFdwScanState *fsstate = (PgFdwScanState *) node->fdw_state;
TupleTableSlot *slot = node->ss.ss_ScanTupleSlot;
/*
* If this is the first call after Begin or ReScan, we need to create the
* cursor on the remote side.
*/
if (!fsstate->cursor_exists)
create_cursor(node);
/*
* Get some more tuples, if we've run out.
*/
if (fsstate->next_tuple >= fsstate->num_tuples)
{
/* No point in another fetch if we already detected EOF, though. */
if (!fsstate->eof_reached)
fetch_more_data(node);
/* If we didn't get any tuples, must be end of data. */
if (fsstate->next_tuple >= fsstate->num_tuples)
return ExecClearTuple(slot);
}
/*
* Return the next tuple.
*/
ExecStoreTuple(fsstate->tuples[fsstate->next_tuple++],
slot,
InvalidBuffer,
false);
return slot;
}
/*
* postgresReScanForeignScan
* Restart the scan.
*/
static void
postgresReScanForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node)
{
PgFdwScanState *fsstate = (PgFdwScanState *) node->fdw_state;
char sql[64];
PGresult *res;
/* If we haven't created the cursor yet, nothing to do. */
if (!fsstate->cursor_exists)
return;
/*
* If any internal parameters affecting this node have changed, we'd
* better destroy and recreate the cursor. Otherwise, rewinding it should
* be good enough. If we've only fetched zero or one batch, we needn't
* even rewind the cursor, just rescan what we have.
*/
if (node->ss.ps.chgParam != NULL)
{
fsstate->cursor_exists = false;
snprintf(sql, sizeof(sql), "CLOSE c%u",
fsstate->cursor_number);
}
else if (fsstate->fetch_ct_2 > 1)
{
snprintf(sql, sizeof(sql), "MOVE BACKWARD ALL IN c%u",
fsstate->cursor_number);
}
else
{
/* Easy: just rescan what we already have in memory, if anything */
fsstate->next_tuple = 0;
return;
}
/*
* We don't use a PG_TRY block here, so be careful not to throw error
* without releasing the PGresult.
*/
res = PQexec(fsstate->conn, sql);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fsstate->conn, true, sql);
PQclear(res);
/* Now force a fresh FETCH. */
fsstate->tuples = NULL;
fsstate->num_tuples = 0;
fsstate->next_tuple = 0;
fsstate->fetch_ct_2 = 0;
fsstate->eof_reached = false;
}
/*
* postgresEndForeignScan
* Finish scanning foreign table and dispose objects used for this scan
*/
static void
postgresEndForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node)
{
PgFdwScanState *fsstate = (PgFdwScanState *) node->fdw_state;
/* if fsstate is NULL, we are in EXPLAIN; nothing to do */
if (fsstate == NULL)
return;
/* Close the cursor if open, to prevent accumulation of cursors */
if (fsstate->cursor_exists)
close_cursor(fsstate->conn, fsstate->cursor_number);
/* Release remote connection */
ReleaseConnection(fsstate->conn);
fsstate->conn = NULL;
/* MemoryContexts will be deleted automatically. */
}
/*
* postgresAddForeignUpdateTargets
* Add resjunk column(s) needed for update/delete on a foreign table
*/
static void
postgresAddForeignUpdateTargets(Query *parsetree,
RangeTblEntry *target_rte,
Relation target_relation)
{
Var *var;
const char *attrname;
TargetEntry *tle;
/*
* In postgres_fdw, what we need is the ctid, same as for a regular table.
*/
/* Make a Var representing the desired value */
var = makeVar(parsetree->resultRelation,
SelfItemPointerAttributeNumber,
TIDOID,
-1,
InvalidOid,
0);
/* Wrap it in a resjunk TLE with the right name ... */
attrname = "ctid";
tle = makeTargetEntry((Expr *) var,
list_length(parsetree->targetList) + 1,
pstrdup(attrname),
true);
/* ... and add it to the query's targetlist */
parsetree->targetList = lappend(parsetree->targetList, tle);
}
/*
* postgresPlanForeignModify
* Plan an insert/update/delete operation on a foreign table
*/
static List *
postgresPlanForeignModify(PlannerInfo *root,
ModifyTable *plan,
Index resultRelation,
int subplan_index)
{
CmdType operation = plan->operation;
RangeTblEntry *rte = planner_rt_fetch(resultRelation, root);
Relation rel;
StringInfoData sql;
List *targetAttrs = NIL;
List *returningList = NIL;
List *retrieved_attrs = NIL;
bool doNothing = false;
initStringInfo(&sql);
/*
* Core code already has some lock on each rel being planned, so we can
* use NoLock here.
*/
rel = heap_open(rte->relid, NoLock);
/*
* In an INSERT, we transmit all columns that are defined in the foreign
* table. In an UPDATE, we transmit only columns that were explicitly
* targets of the UPDATE, so as to avoid unnecessary data transmission.
* (We can't do that for INSERT since we would miss sending default values
* for columns not listed in the source statement.)
*/
if (operation == CMD_INSERT)
{
TupleDesc tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(rel);
int attnum;
for (attnum = 1; attnum <= tupdesc->natts; attnum++)
{
Form_pg_attribute attr = tupdesc->attrs[attnum - 1];
if (!attr->attisdropped)
targetAttrs = lappend_int(targetAttrs, attnum);
}
}
else if (operation == CMD_UPDATE)
{
int col;
col = -1;
while ((col = bms_next_member(rte->updatedCols, col)) >= 0)
{
/* bit numbers are offset by FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber */
AttrNumber attno = col + FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber;
if (attno <= InvalidAttrNumber) /* shouldn't happen */
elog(ERROR, "system-column update is not supported");
targetAttrs = lappend_int(targetAttrs, attno);
}
}
/*
* Extract the relevant RETURNING list if any.
*/
if (plan->returningLists)
returningList = (List *) list_nth(plan->returningLists, subplan_index);
/*
* ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE and DO NOTHING case with inference specification
* should have already been rejected in the optimizer, as presently there
* is no way to recognize an arbiter index on a foreign table. Only DO
* NOTHING is supported without an inference specification.
*/
if (plan->onConflictAction == ONCONFLICT_NOTHING)
doNothing = true;
else if (plan->onConflictAction != ONCONFLICT_NONE)
elog(ERROR, "unexpected ON CONFLICT specification: %d",
(int) plan->onConflictAction);
/*
* Construct the SQL command string.
*/
switch (operation)
{
case CMD_INSERT:
deparseInsertSql(&sql, root, resultRelation, rel,
targetAttrs, doNothing, returningList,
&retrieved_attrs);
break;
case CMD_UPDATE:
deparseUpdateSql(&sql, root, resultRelation, rel,
targetAttrs, returningList,
&retrieved_attrs);
break;
case CMD_DELETE:
deparseDeleteSql(&sql, root, resultRelation, rel,
returningList,
&retrieved_attrs);
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unexpected operation: %d", (int) operation);
break;
}
heap_close(rel, NoLock);
/*
* Build the fdw_private list that will be available to the executor.
* Items in the list must match enum FdwModifyPrivateIndex, above.
*/
return list_make4(makeString(sql.data),
targetAttrs,
makeInteger((retrieved_attrs != NIL)),
retrieved_attrs);
}
/*
* postgresBeginForeignModify
* Begin an insert/update/delete operation on a foreign table
*/
static void
postgresBeginForeignModify(ModifyTableState *mtstate,
ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo,
List *fdw_private,
int subplan_index,
int eflags)
{
PgFdwModifyState *fmstate;
EState *estate = mtstate->ps.state;
CmdType operation = mtstate->operation;
Relation rel = resultRelInfo->ri_RelationDesc;
RangeTblEntry *rte;
Oid userid;
ForeignTable *table;
UserMapping *user;
AttrNumber n_params;
Oid typefnoid;
bool isvarlena;
ListCell *lc;
/*
* Do nothing in EXPLAIN (no ANALYZE) case. resultRelInfo->ri_FdwState
* stays NULL.
*/
if (eflags & EXEC_FLAG_EXPLAIN_ONLY)
return;
/* Begin constructing PgFdwModifyState. */
fmstate = (PgFdwModifyState *) palloc0(sizeof(PgFdwModifyState));
fmstate->rel = rel;
/*
* Identify which user to do the remote access as. This should match what
* ExecCheckRTEPerms() does.
*/
rte = rt_fetch(resultRelInfo->ri_RangeTableIndex, estate->es_range_table);
userid = rte->checkAsUser ? rte->checkAsUser : GetUserId();
/* Get info about foreign table. */
table = GetForeignTable(RelationGetRelid(rel));
user = GetUserMapping(userid, table->serverid);
/* Open connection; report that we'll create a prepared statement. */
fmstate->conn = GetConnection(user, true);
fmstate->p_name = NULL; /* prepared statement not made yet */
/* Deconstruct fdw_private data. */
fmstate->query = strVal(list_nth(fdw_private,
FdwModifyPrivateUpdateSql));
fmstate->target_attrs = (List *) list_nth(fdw_private,
FdwModifyPrivateTargetAttnums);
fmstate->has_returning = intVal(list_nth(fdw_private,
FdwModifyPrivateHasReturning));
fmstate->retrieved_attrs = (List *) list_nth(fdw_private,
FdwModifyPrivateRetrievedAttrs);
/* Create context for per-tuple temp workspace. */
fmstate->temp_cxt = AllocSetContextCreate(estate->es_query_cxt,
"postgres_fdw temporary data",
ALLOCSET_SMALL_MINSIZE,
ALLOCSET_SMALL_INITSIZE,
ALLOCSET_SMALL_MAXSIZE);
/* Prepare for input conversion of RETURNING results. */
if (fmstate->has_returning)
fmstate->attinmeta = TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(RelationGetDescr(rel));
/* Prepare for output conversion of parameters used in prepared stmt. */
n_params = list_length(fmstate->target_attrs) + 1;
fmstate->p_flinfo = (FmgrInfo *) palloc0(sizeof(FmgrInfo) * n_params);
fmstate->p_nums = 0;
if (operation == CMD_UPDATE || operation == CMD_DELETE)
{
/* Find the ctid resjunk column in the subplan's result */
Plan *subplan = mtstate->mt_plans[subplan_index]->plan;
fmstate->ctidAttno = ExecFindJunkAttributeInTlist(subplan->targetlist,
"ctid");
if (!AttributeNumberIsValid(fmstate->ctidAttno))
elog(ERROR, "could not find junk ctid column");
/* First transmittable parameter will be ctid */
getTypeOutputInfo(TIDOID, &typefnoid, &isvarlena);
fmgr_info(typefnoid, &fmstate->p_flinfo[fmstate->p_nums]);
fmstate->p_nums++;
}
if (operation == CMD_INSERT || operation == CMD_UPDATE)
{
/* Set up for remaining transmittable parameters */
foreach(lc, fmstate->target_attrs)
{
int attnum = lfirst_int(lc);
Form_pg_attribute attr = RelationGetDescr(rel)->attrs[attnum - 1];
Assert(!attr->attisdropped);
getTypeOutputInfo(attr->atttypid, &typefnoid, &isvarlena);
fmgr_info(typefnoid, &fmstate->p_flinfo[fmstate->p_nums]);
fmstate->p_nums++;
}
}
Assert(fmstate->p_nums <= n_params);
resultRelInfo->ri_FdwState = fmstate;
}
/*
* postgresExecForeignInsert
* Insert one row into a foreign table
*/
static TupleTableSlot *
postgresExecForeignInsert(EState *estate,
ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo,
TupleTableSlot *slot,
TupleTableSlot *planSlot)
{
PgFdwModifyState *fmstate = (PgFdwModifyState *) resultRelInfo->ri_FdwState;
const char **p_values;
PGresult *res;
int n_rows;
/* Set up the prepared statement on the remote server, if we didn't yet */
if (!fmstate->p_name)
prepare_foreign_modify(fmstate);
/* Convert parameters needed by prepared statement to text form */
p_values = convert_prep_stmt_params(fmstate, NULL, slot);
/*
* Execute the prepared statement, and check for success.
*
* We don't use a PG_TRY block here, so be careful not to throw error
* without releasing the PGresult.
*/
res = PQexecPrepared(fmstate->conn,
fmstate->p_name,
fmstate->p_nums,
p_values,
NULL,
NULL,
0);
if (PQresultStatus(res) !=
(fmstate->has_returning ? PGRES_TUPLES_OK : PGRES_COMMAND_OK))
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
if (fmstate->has_returning)
{
n_rows = PQntuples(res);
if (n_rows > 0)
store_returning_result(fmstate, slot, res);
}
else
n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
/* And clean up */
PQclear(res);
MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
/* Return NULL if nothing was inserted on the remote end */
return (n_rows > 0) ? slot : NULL;
}
/*
* postgresExecForeignUpdate
* Update one row in a foreign table
*/
static TupleTableSlot *
postgresExecForeignUpdate(EState *estate,
ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo,
TupleTableSlot *slot,
TupleTableSlot *planSlot)
{
PgFdwModifyState *fmstate = (PgFdwModifyState *) resultRelInfo->ri_FdwState;
Datum datum;
bool isNull;
const char **p_values;
PGresult *res;
int n_rows;
/* Set up the prepared statement on the remote server, if we didn't yet */
if (!fmstate->p_name)
prepare_foreign_modify(fmstate);
/* Get the ctid that was passed up as a resjunk column */
datum = ExecGetJunkAttribute(planSlot,
fmstate->ctidAttno,
&isNull);
/* shouldn't ever get a null result... */
if (isNull)
elog(ERROR, "ctid is NULL");
/* Convert parameters needed by prepared statement to text form */
p_values = convert_prep_stmt_params(fmstate,
(ItemPointer) DatumGetPointer(datum),
slot);
/*
* Execute the prepared statement, and check for success.
*
* We don't use a PG_TRY block here, so be careful not to throw error
* without releasing the PGresult.
*/
res = PQexecPrepared(fmstate->conn,
fmstate->p_name,
fmstate->p_nums,
p_values,
NULL,
NULL,
0);
if (PQresultStatus(res) !=
(fmstate->has_returning ? PGRES_TUPLES_OK : PGRES_COMMAND_OK))
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
if (fmstate->has_returning)
{
n_rows = PQntuples(res);
if (n_rows > 0)
store_returning_result(fmstate, slot, res);
}
else
n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
/* And clean up */
PQclear(res);
MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
/* Return NULL if nothing was updated on the remote end */
return (n_rows > 0) ? slot : NULL;
}
/*
* postgresExecForeignDelete
* Delete one row from a foreign table
*/
static TupleTableSlot *
postgresExecForeignDelete(EState *estate,
ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo,
TupleTableSlot *slot,
TupleTableSlot *planSlot)
{
PgFdwModifyState *fmstate = (PgFdwModifyState *) resultRelInfo->ri_FdwState;
Datum datum;
bool isNull;
const char **p_values;
PGresult *res;
int n_rows;
/* Set up the prepared statement on the remote server, if we didn't yet */
if (!fmstate->p_name)
prepare_foreign_modify(fmstate);
/* Get the ctid that was passed up as a resjunk column */
datum = ExecGetJunkAttribute(planSlot,
fmstate->ctidAttno,
&isNull);
/* shouldn't ever get a null result... */
if (isNull)
elog(ERROR, "ctid is NULL");
/* Convert parameters needed by prepared statement to text form */
p_values = convert_prep_stmt_params(fmstate,
(ItemPointer) DatumGetPointer(datum),
NULL);
/*
* Execute the prepared statement, and check for success.
*
* We don't use a PG_TRY block here, so be careful not to throw error
* without releasing the PGresult.
*/
res = PQexecPrepared(fmstate->conn,
fmstate->p_name,
fmstate->p_nums,
p_values,
NULL,
NULL,
0);
if (PQresultStatus(res) !=
(fmstate->has_returning ? PGRES_TUPLES_OK : PGRES_COMMAND_OK))
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
if (fmstate->has_returning)
{
n_rows = PQntuples(res);
if (n_rows > 0)
store_returning_result(fmstate, slot, res);
}
else
n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
/* And clean up */
PQclear(res);
MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
/* Return NULL if nothing was deleted on the remote end */
return (n_rows > 0) ? slot : NULL;
}
/*
* postgresEndForeignModify
* Finish an insert/update/delete operation on a foreign table
*/
static void
postgresEndForeignModify(EState *estate,
ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo)
{
PgFdwModifyState *fmstate = (PgFdwModifyState *) resultRelInfo->ri_FdwState;
/* If fmstate is NULL, we are in EXPLAIN; nothing to do */
if (fmstate == NULL)
return;
/* If we created a prepared statement, destroy it */
if (fmstate->p_name)
{
char sql[64];
PGresult *res;
snprintf(sql, sizeof(sql), "DEALLOCATE %s", fmstate->p_name);
/*
* We don't use a PG_TRY block here, so be careful not to throw error
* without releasing the PGresult.
*/
res = PQexec(fmstate->conn, sql);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, sql);
PQclear(res);
fmstate->p_name = NULL;
}
/* Release remote connection */
ReleaseConnection(fmstate->conn);
fmstate->conn = NULL;
}
/*
* postgresIsForeignRelUpdatable
* Determine whether a foreign table supports INSERT, UPDATE and/or
* DELETE.
*/
static int
postgresIsForeignRelUpdatable(Relation rel)
{
bool updatable;
ForeignTable *table;
ForeignServer *server;
ListCell *lc;
/*
* By default, all postgres_fdw foreign tables are assumed updatable. This
* can be overridden by a per-server setting, which in turn can be
* overridden by a per-table setting.
*/
updatable = true;
table = GetForeignTable(RelationGetRelid(rel));
server = GetForeignServer(table->serverid);
foreach(lc, server->options)
{
DefElem *def = (DefElem *) lfirst(lc);
if (strcmp(def->defname, "updatable") == 0)
updatable = defGetBoolean(def);
}
foreach(lc, table->options)
{
DefElem *def = (DefElem *) lfirst(lc);
if (strcmp(def->defname, "updatable") == 0)
updatable = defGetBoolean(def);
}
/*
* Currently "updatable" means support for INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE.
*/
return updatable ?
(1 << CMD_INSERT) | (1 << CMD_UPDATE) | (1 << CMD_DELETE) : 0;
}
/*
* postgresRecheckForeignScan
* Execute a local join execution plan for a foreign join
*/
static bool
postgresRecheckForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node, TupleTableSlot *slot)
{
Index scanrelid = ((Scan *) node->ss.ps.plan)->scanrelid;
PlanState *outerPlan = outerPlanState(node);
TupleTableSlot *result;
/* For base foreign relations, it suffices to set fdw_recheck_quals */
if (scanrelid > 0)
return true;
Assert(outerPlan != NULL);
/* Execute a local join execution plan */
result = ExecProcNode(outerPlan);
if (TupIsNull(result))
return false;
/* Store result in the given slot */
ExecCopySlot(slot, result);
return true;
}
/*
* postgresPlanDirectModify
* Consider a direct foreign table modification
*
* Decide whether it is safe to modify a foreign table directly, and if so,
* rewrite subplan accordingly.
*/
static bool
postgresPlanDirectModify(PlannerInfo *root,
ModifyTable *plan,
Index resultRelation,
int subplan_index)
{
CmdType operation = plan->operation;
Plan *subplan = (Plan *) list_nth(plan->plans, subplan_index);
RangeTblEntry *rte = planner_rt_fetch(resultRelation, root);
Relation rel;
StringInfoData sql;
ForeignScan *fscan;
List *targetAttrs = NIL;
List *remote_conds;
List *params_list = NIL;
List *returningList = NIL;
List *retrieved_attrs = NIL;
/*
* Decide whether it is safe to modify a foreign table directly.
*/
/*
* The table modification must be an UPDATE or DELETE.
*/
if (operation != CMD_UPDATE && operation != CMD_DELETE)
return false;
/*
* It's unsafe to modify a foreign table directly if there are any local
* joins needed.
*/
if (!IsA(subplan, ForeignScan))
return false;
/*
* It's unsafe to modify a foreign table directly if there are any quals
* that should be evaluated locally.
*/
if (subplan->qual != NIL)
return false;
/*
* We can't handle an UPDATE or DELETE on a foreign join for now.
*/
fscan = (ForeignScan *) subplan;
if (fscan->scan.scanrelid == 0)
return false;
/*
* It's unsafe to update a foreign table directly, if any expressions to
* assign to the target columns are unsafe to evaluate remotely.
*/
if (operation == CMD_UPDATE)
{
RelOptInfo *baserel = root->simple_rel_array[resultRelation];
int col;
/*
* We transmit only columns that were explicitly targets of the
* UPDATE, so as to avoid unnecessary data transmission.
*/
col = -1;
while ((col = bms_next_member(rte->updatedCols, col)) >= 0)
{
/* bit numbers are offset by FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber */
AttrNumber attno = col + FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber;
TargetEntry *tle;
if (attno <= InvalidAttrNumber) /* shouldn't happen */
elog(ERROR, "system-column update is not supported");
tle = get_tle_by_resno(subplan->targetlist, attno);
if (!tle)
elog(ERROR, "attribute number %d not found in subplan targetlist",
attno);
if (!is_foreign_expr(root, baserel, (Expr *) tle->expr))
return false;
targetAttrs = lappend_int(targetAttrs, attno);
}
}
/*
* Ok, rewrite subplan so as to modify the foreign table directly.
*/
initStringInfo(&sql);
/*
* Core code already has some lock on each rel being planned, so we can
* use NoLock here.
*/
rel = heap_open(rte->relid, NoLock);
/*
* Extract the baserestrictinfo clauses that can be evaluated remotely.
*/
remote_conds = (List *) list_nth(fscan->fdw_private,
FdwScanPrivateRemoteConds);
/*
* Extract the relevant RETURNING list if any.
*/
if (plan->returningLists)
returningList = (List *) list_nth(plan->returningLists, subplan_index);
/*
* Construct the SQL command string.
*/
switch (operation)
{
case CMD_UPDATE:
deparseDirectUpdateSql(&sql, root, resultRelation, rel,
((Plan *) fscan)->targetlist,
targetAttrs,
remote_conds, &params_list,
returningList, &retrieved_attrs);
break;
case CMD_DELETE:
deparseDirectDeleteSql(&sql, root, resultRelation, rel,
remote_conds, &params_list,
returningList, &retrieved_attrs);
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unexpected operation: %d", (int) operation);
break;
}
/*
* Update the operation info.
*/
fscan->operation = operation;
/*
* Update the fdw_exprs list that will be available to the executor.
*/
fscan->fdw_exprs = params_list;
/*
* Update the fdw_private list that will be available to the executor.
* Items in the list must match enum FdwDirectModifyPrivateIndex, above.
*/
fscan->fdw_private = list_make4(makeString(sql.data),
makeInteger((retrieved_attrs != NIL)),
retrieved_attrs,
makeInteger(plan->canSetTag));
heap_close(rel, NoLock);
return true;
}
/*
* postgresBeginDirectModify
* Prepare a direct foreign table modification
*/
static void
postgresBeginDirectModify(ForeignScanState *node, int eflags)
{
ForeignScan *fsplan = (ForeignScan *) node->ss.ps.plan;
EState *estate = node->ss.ps.state;
PgFdwDirectModifyState *dmstate;
RangeTblEntry *rte;
Oid userid;
ForeignTable *table;
UserMapping *user;
int numParams;
/*
* Do nothing in EXPLAIN (no ANALYZE) case. node->fdw_state stays NULL.
*/
if (eflags & EXEC_FLAG_EXPLAIN_ONLY)
return;
/*
* We'll save private state in node->fdw_state.
*/
dmstate = (PgFdwDirectModifyState *) palloc0(sizeof(PgFdwDirectModifyState));
node->fdw_state = (void *) dmstate;
/*
* Identify which user to do the remote access as. This should match what
* ExecCheckRTEPerms() does.
*/
rte = rt_fetch(fsplan->scan.scanrelid, estate->es_range_table);
userid = rte->checkAsUser ? rte->checkAsUser : GetUserId();
/* Get info about foreign table. */
dmstate->rel = node->ss.ss_currentRelation;
table = GetForeignTable(RelationGetRelid(dmstate->rel));
user = GetUserMapping(userid, table->serverid);
/*
* Get connection to the foreign server. Connection manager will
* establish new connection if necessary.
*/
dmstate->conn = GetConnection(user, false);
/* Initialize state variable */
dmstate->num_tuples = -1; /* -1 means not set yet */
/* Get private info created by planner functions. */
dmstate->query = strVal(list_nth(fsplan->fdw_private,
FdwDirectModifyPrivateUpdateSql));
dmstate->has_returning = intVal(list_nth(fsplan->fdw_private,
FdwDirectModifyPrivateHasReturning));
dmstate->retrieved_attrs = (List *) list_nth(fsplan->fdw_private,
FdwDirectModifyPrivateRetrievedAttrs);
dmstate->set_processed = intVal(list_nth(fsplan->fdw_private,
FdwDirectModifyPrivateSetProcessed));
/* Create context for per-tuple temp workspace. */
dmstate->temp_cxt = AllocSetContextCreate(estate->es_query_cxt,
"postgres_fdw temporary data",
ALLOCSET_SMALL_MINSIZE,
ALLOCSET_SMALL_INITSIZE,
ALLOCSET_SMALL_MAXSIZE);
/* Prepare for input conversion of RETURNING results. */
if (dmstate->has_returning)
dmstate->attinmeta = TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(RelationGetDescr(dmstate->rel));
/*
* Prepare for processing of parameters used in remote query, if any.
*/
numParams = list_length(fsplan->fdw_exprs);
dmstate->numParams = numParams;
if (numParams > 0)
prepare_query_params((PlanState *) node,
fsplan->fdw_exprs,
numParams,
&dmstate->param_flinfo,
&dmstate->param_exprs,
&dmstate->param_values);
}
/*
* postgresIterateDirectModify
* Execute a direct foreign table modification
*/
static TupleTableSlot *
postgresIterateDirectModify(ForeignScanState *node)
{
PgFdwDirectModifyState *dmstate = (PgFdwDirectModifyState *) node->fdw_state;
EState *estate = node->ss.ps.state;
ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo = estate->es_result_relation_info;
/*
* If this is the first call after Begin, execute the statement.
*/
if (dmstate->num_tuples == -1)
execute_dml_stmt(node);
/*
* If the local query doesn't specify RETURNING, just clear tuple slot.
*/
if (!resultRelInfo->ri_projectReturning)
{
TupleTableSlot *slot = node->ss.ss_ScanTupleSlot;
Instrumentation *instr = node->ss.ps.instrument;
Assert(!dmstate->has_returning);
/* Increment the command es_processed count if necessary. */
if (dmstate->set_processed)
estate->es_processed += dmstate->num_tuples;
/* Increment the tuple count for EXPLAIN ANALYZE if necessary. */
if (instr)
instr->tuplecount += dmstate->num_tuples;
return ExecClearTuple(slot);
}
/*
* Get the next RETURNING tuple.
*/
return get_returning_data(node);
}
/*
* postgresEndDirectModify
* Finish a direct foreign table modification
*/
static void
postgresEndDirectModify(ForeignScanState *node)
{
PgFdwDirectModifyState *dmstate = (PgFdwDirectModifyState *) node->fdw_state;
/* if dmstate is NULL, we are in EXPLAIN; nothing to do */
if (dmstate == NULL)
return;
/* Release PGresult */
if (dmstate->result)
PQclear(dmstate->result);
/* Release remote connection */
ReleaseConnection(dmstate->conn);
dmstate->conn = NULL;
/* MemoryContext will be deleted automatically. */
}
/*
* postgresExplainForeignScan
* Produce extra output for EXPLAIN of a ForeignScan on a foreign table
*/
static void
postgresExplainForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node, ExplainState *es)
{
List *fdw_private;
char *sql;
char *relations;
fdw_private = ((ForeignScan *) node->ss.ps.plan)->fdw_private;
/*
* Add names of relation handled by the foreign scan when the scan is a
* join
*/
if (list_length(fdw_private) > FdwScanPrivateRelations)
{
relations = strVal(list_nth(fdw_private, FdwScanPrivateRelations));
ExplainPropertyText("Relations", relations, es);
}
/*
* Add remote query, when VERBOSE option is specified.
*/
if (es->verbose)
{
sql = strVal(list_nth(fdw_private, FdwScanPrivateSelectSql));
ExplainPropertyText("Remote SQL", sql, es);
}
}
/*
* postgresExplainForeignModify
* Produce extra output for EXPLAIN of a ModifyTable on a foreign table
*/
static void
postgresExplainForeignModify(ModifyTableState *mtstate,
ResultRelInfo *rinfo,
List *fdw_private,
int subplan_index,
ExplainState *es)
{
if (es->verbose)
{
char *sql = strVal(list_nth(fdw_private,
FdwModifyPrivateUpdateSql));
ExplainPropertyText("Remote SQL", sql, es);
}
}
/*
* postgresExplainDirectModify
* Produce extra output for EXPLAIN of a ForeignScan that modifies a
* foreign table directly
*/
static void
postgresExplainDirectModify(ForeignScanState *node, ExplainState *es)
{
List *fdw_private;
char *sql;
if (es->verbose)
{
fdw_private = ((ForeignScan *) node->ss.ps.plan)->fdw_private;
sql = strVal(list_nth(fdw_private, FdwDirectModifyPrivateUpdateSql));
ExplainPropertyText("Remote SQL", sql, es);
}
}
/*
* estimate_path_cost_size
* Get cost and size estimates for a foreign scan on given foreign relation
* either a base relation or a join between foreign relations.
*
* param_join_conds are the parameterization clauses with outer relations.
* pathkeys specify the expected sort order if any for given path being costed.
*
* The function returns the cost and size estimates in p_row, p_width,
* p_startup_cost and p_total_cost variables.
*/
static void
estimate_path_cost_size(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *foreignrel,
List *param_join_conds,
List *pathkeys,
double *p_rows, int *p_width,
Cost *p_startup_cost, Cost *p_total_cost)
{
PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) foreignrel->fdw_private;
double rows;
double retrieved_rows;
int width;
Cost startup_cost;
Cost total_cost;
Cost cpu_per_tuple;
/*
* If the table or the server is configured to use remote estimates,
* connect to the foreign server and execute EXPLAIN to estimate the
* number of rows selected by the restriction+join clauses. Otherwise,
* estimate rows using whatever statistics we have locally, in a way
* similar to ordinary tables.
*/
if (fpinfo->use_remote_estimate)
{
List *remote_param_join_conds;
List *local_param_join_conds;
StringInfoData sql;
PGconn *conn;
Selectivity local_sel;
QualCost local_cost;
List *fdw_scan_tlist = NIL;
List *remote_conds;
/* Required only to be passed to deparseSelectStmtForRel */
List *retrieved_attrs;
/*
* param_join_conds might contain both clauses that are safe to send
* across, and clauses that aren't.
*/
classifyConditions(root, foreignrel, param_join_conds,
&remote_param_join_conds, &local_param_join_conds);
/* Build the list of columns to be fetched from the foreign server. */
if (foreignrel->reloptkind == RELOPT_JOINREL)
fdw_scan_tlist = build_tlist_to_deparse(foreignrel);
else
fdw_scan_tlist = NIL;
/*
* The complete list of remote conditions includes everything from
* baserestrictinfo plus any extra join_conds relevant to this
* particular path.
*/
remote_conds = list_concat(list_copy(remote_param_join_conds),
fpinfo->remote_conds);
/*
* Construct EXPLAIN query including the desired SELECT, FROM, and
* WHERE clauses. Params and other-relation Vars are replaced by dummy
* values, so don't request params_list.
*/
initStringInfo(&sql);
appendStringInfoString(&sql, "EXPLAIN ");
deparseSelectStmtForRel(&sql, root, foreignrel, fdw_scan_tlist,
remote_conds, pathkeys, &retrieved_attrs,
NULL);
/* Get the remote estimate */
conn = GetConnection(fpinfo->user, false);
get_remote_estimate(sql.data, conn, &rows, &width,
&startup_cost, &total_cost);
ReleaseConnection(conn);
retrieved_rows = rows;
/* Factor in the selectivity of the locally-checked quals */
local_sel = clauselist_selectivity(root,
local_param_join_conds,
foreignrel->relid,
JOIN_INNER,
NULL);
local_sel *= fpinfo->local_conds_sel;
rows = clamp_row_est(rows * local_sel);
/* Add in the eval cost of the locally-checked quals */
startup_cost += fpinfo->local_conds_cost.startup;
total_cost += fpinfo->local_conds_cost.per_tuple * retrieved_rows;
cost_qual_eval(&local_cost, local_param_join_conds, root);
startup_cost += local_cost.startup;
total_cost += local_cost.per_tuple * retrieved_rows;
}
else
{
Cost run_cost = 0;
/*
* We don't support join conditions in this mode (hence, no
* parameterized paths can be made).
*/
Assert(param_join_conds == NIL);
/*
* Use rows/width estimates made by set_baserel_size_estimates() for
* base foreign relations and set_joinrel_size_estimates() for join
* between foreign relations.
*/
rows = foreignrel->rows;
width = foreignrel->reltarget->width;
/* Back into an estimate of the number of retrieved rows. */
retrieved_rows = clamp_row_est(rows / fpinfo->local_conds_sel);
/*
* We will come here again and again with different set of pathkeys
* that caller wants to cost. We don't need to calculate the cost of
* bare scan each time. Instead, use the costs if we have cached them
* already.
*/
if (fpinfo->rel_startup_cost > 0 && fpinfo->rel_total_cost > 0)
{
startup_cost = fpinfo->rel_startup_cost;
run_cost = fpinfo->rel_total_cost - fpinfo->rel_startup_cost;
}
else if (foreignrel->reloptkind != RELOPT_JOINREL)
{
/* Clamp retrieved rows estimates to at most foreignrel->tuples. */
retrieved_rows = Min(retrieved_rows, foreignrel->tuples);
/*
* Cost as though this were a seqscan, which is pessimistic. We
* effectively imagine the local_conds are being evaluated
* remotely, too.
*/
startup_cost = 0;
run_cost = 0;
run_cost += seq_page_cost * foreignrel->pages;
startup_cost += foreignrel->baserestrictcost.startup;
cpu_per_tuple = cpu_tuple_cost + foreignrel->baserestrictcost.per_tuple;
run_cost += cpu_per_tuple * foreignrel->tuples;
}
else
{
PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo_i;
PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo_o;
QualCost join_cost;
QualCost remote_conds_cost;
double nrows;
/* For join we expect inner and outer relations set */
Assert(fpinfo->innerrel && fpinfo->outerrel);
fpinfo_i = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) fpinfo->innerrel->fdw_private;
fpinfo_o = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) fpinfo->outerrel->fdw_private;
/* Estimate of number of rows in cross product */
nrows = fpinfo_i->rows * fpinfo_o->rows;
/* Clamp retrieved rows estimate to at most size of cross product */
retrieved_rows = Min(retrieved_rows, nrows);
/*
* The cost of foreign join is estimated as cost of generating
* rows for the joining relations + cost for applying quals on the
* rows.
*/
/* Calculate the cost of clauses pushed down the foreign server */
cost_qual_eval(&remote_conds_cost, fpinfo->remote_conds, root);
/* Calculate the cost of applying join clauses */
cost_qual_eval(&join_cost, fpinfo->joinclauses, root);
/*
* Startup cost includes startup cost of joining relations and the
* startup cost for join and other clauses. We do not include the
* startup cost specific to join strategy (e.g. setting up hash
* tables) since we do not know what strategy the foreign server
* is going to use.
*/
startup_cost = fpinfo_i->rel_startup_cost + fpinfo_o->rel_startup_cost;
startup_cost += join_cost.startup;
startup_cost += remote_conds_cost.startup;
startup_cost += fpinfo->local_conds_cost.startup;
/*
* Run time cost includes:
*
* 1. Run time cost (total_cost - startup_cost) of relations being
* joined
*
* 2. Run time cost of applying join clauses on the cross product
* of the joining relations.
*
* 3. Run time cost of applying pushed down other clauses on the
* result of join
*
* 4. Run time cost of applying nonpushable other clauses locally
* on the result fetched from the foreign server.
*/
run_cost = fpinfo_i->rel_total_cost - fpinfo_i->rel_startup_cost;
run_cost += fpinfo_o->rel_total_cost - fpinfo_o->rel_startup_cost;
run_cost += nrows * join_cost.per_tuple;
nrows = clamp_row_est(nrows * fpinfo->joinclause_sel);
run_cost += nrows * remote_conds_cost.per_tuple;
run_cost += fpinfo->local_conds_cost.per_tuple * retrieved_rows;
}
/*
* Without remote estimates, we have no real way to estimate the cost
* of generating sorted output. It could be free if the query plan
* the remote side would have chosen generates properly-sorted output
* anyway, but in most cases it will cost something. Estimate a value
* high enough that we won't pick the sorted path when the ordering
* isn't locally useful, but low enough that we'll err on the side of
* pushing down the ORDER BY clause when it's useful to do so.
*/
if (pathkeys != NIL)
{
startup_cost *= DEFAULT_FDW_SORT_MULTIPLIER;
run_cost *= DEFAULT_FDW_SORT_MULTIPLIER;
}
total_cost = startup_cost + run_cost;
}
/*
* Cache the costs for scans without any pathkeys or parameterization
* before adding the costs for transferring data from the foreign server.
* These costs are useful for costing the join between this relation and
* another foreign relation or to calculate the costs of paths with
* pathkeys for this relation, when the costs can not be obtained from the
* foreign server. This function will be called at least once for every
* foreign relation without pathkeys and parameterization.
*/
if (pathkeys == NIL && param_join_conds == NIL)
{
fpinfo->rel_startup_cost = startup_cost;
fpinfo->rel_total_cost = total_cost;
}
/*
* Add some additional cost factors to account for connection overhead
* (fdw_startup_cost), transferring data across the network
* (fdw_tuple_cost per retrieved row), and local manipulation of the data
* (cpu_tuple_cost per retrieved row).
*/
startup_cost += fpinfo->fdw_startup_cost;
total_cost += fpinfo->fdw_startup_cost;
total_cost += fpinfo->fdw_tuple_cost * retrieved_rows;
total_cost += cpu_tuple_cost * retrieved_rows;
/* Return results. */
*p_rows = rows;
*p_width = width;
*p_startup_cost = startup_cost;
*p_total_cost = total_cost;
}
/*
* Estimate costs of executing a SQL statement remotely.
* The given "sql" must be an EXPLAIN command.
*/
static void
get_remote_estimate(const char *sql, PGconn *conn,
double *rows, int *width,
Cost *startup_cost, Cost *total_cost)
{
PGresult *volatile res = NULL;
/* PGresult must be released before leaving this function. */
PG_TRY();
{
char *line;
char *p;
int n;
/*
* Execute EXPLAIN remotely.
*/
res = PQexec(conn, sql);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, conn, false, sql);
/*
* Extract cost numbers for topmost plan node. Note we search for a
* left paren from the end of the line to avoid being confused by
* other uses of parentheses.
*/
line = PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0);
p = strrchr(line, '(');
if (p == NULL)
elog(ERROR, "could not interpret EXPLAIN output: \"%s\"", line);
n = sscanf(p, "(cost=%lf..%lf rows=%lf width=%d)",
startup_cost, total_cost, rows, width);
if (n != 4)
elog(ERROR, "could not interpret EXPLAIN output: \"%s\"", line);
PQclear(res);
res = NULL;
}
PG_CATCH();
{
if (res)
PQclear(res);
PG_RE_THROW();
}
PG_END_TRY();
}
/*
* Detect whether we want to process an EquivalenceClass member.
*
* This is a callback for use by generate_implied_equalities_for_column.
*/
static bool
ec_member_matches_foreign(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
EquivalenceClass *ec, EquivalenceMember *em,
void *arg)
{
ec_member_foreign_arg *state = (ec_member_foreign_arg *) arg;
Expr *expr = em->em_expr;
/*
* If we've identified what we're processing in the current scan, we only
* want to match that expression.
*/
if (state->current != NULL)
return equal(expr, state->current);
/*
* Otherwise, ignore anything we've already processed.
*/
if (list_member(state->already_used, expr))
return false;
/* This is the new target to process. */
state->current = expr;
return true;
}
/*
* Create cursor for node's query with current parameter values.
*/
static void
create_cursor(ForeignScanState *node)
{
PgFdwScanState *fsstate = (PgFdwScanState *) node->fdw_state;
ExprContext *econtext = node->ss.ps.ps_ExprContext;
int numParams = fsstate->numParams;
const char **values = fsstate->param_values;
PGconn *conn = fsstate->conn;
StringInfoData buf;
PGresult *res;
/*
* Construct array of query parameter values in text format. We do the
* conversions in the short-lived per-tuple context, so as not to cause a
* memory leak over repeated scans.
*/
if (numParams > 0)
{
MemoryContext oldcontext;
oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(econtext->ecxt_per_tuple_memory);
process_query_params(econtext,
fsstate->param_flinfo,
fsstate->param_exprs,
values);
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
}
/* Construct the DECLARE CURSOR command */
initStringInfo(&buf);
appendStringInfo(&buf, "DECLARE c%u CURSOR FOR\n%s",
fsstate->cursor_number, fsstate->query);
/*
* Notice that we pass NULL for paramTypes, thus forcing the remote server
* to infer types for all parameters. Since we explicitly cast every
* parameter (see deparse.c), the "inference" is trivial and will produce
* the desired result. This allows us to avoid assuming that the remote
* server has the same OIDs we do for the parameters' types.
*
* We don't use a PG_TRY block here, so be careful not to throw error
* without releasing the PGresult.
*/
res = PQexecParams(conn, buf.data, numParams, NULL, values,
NULL, NULL, 0);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, conn, true, fsstate->query);
PQclear(res);
/* Mark the cursor as created, and show no tuples have been retrieved */
fsstate->cursor_exists = true;
fsstate->tuples = NULL;
fsstate->num_tuples = 0;
fsstate->next_tuple = 0;
fsstate->fetch_ct_2 = 0;
fsstate->eof_reached = false;
/* Clean up */
pfree(buf.data);
}
/*
* Fetch some more rows from the node's cursor.
*/
static void
fetch_more_data(ForeignScanState *node)
{
PgFdwScanState *fsstate = (PgFdwScanState *) node->fdw_state;
PGresult *volatile res = NULL;
MemoryContext oldcontext;
/*
* We'll store the tuples in the batch_cxt. First, flush the previous
* batch.
*/
fsstate->tuples = NULL;
MemoryContextReset(fsstate->batch_cxt);
oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(fsstate->batch_cxt);
/* PGresult must be released before leaving this function. */
PG_TRY();
{
PGconn *conn = fsstate->conn;
char sql[64];
int numrows;
int i;
snprintf(sql, sizeof(sql), "FETCH %d FROM c%u",
fsstate->fetch_size, fsstate->cursor_number);
res = PQexec(conn, sql);
/* On error, report the original query, not the FETCH. */
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, conn, false, fsstate->query);
/* Convert the data into HeapTuples */
numrows = PQntuples(res);
fsstate->tuples = (HeapTuple *) palloc0(numrows * sizeof(HeapTuple));
fsstate->num_tuples = numrows;
fsstate->next_tuple = 0;
for (i = 0; i < numrows; i++)
{
Assert(IsA(node->ss.ps.plan, ForeignScan));
fsstate->tuples[i] =
make_tuple_from_result_row(res, i,
fsstate->rel,
fsstate->attinmeta,
fsstate->retrieved_attrs,
node,
fsstate->temp_cxt);
}
/* Update fetch_ct_2 */
if (fsstate->fetch_ct_2 < 2)
fsstate->fetch_ct_2++;
/* Must be EOF if we didn't get as many tuples as we asked for. */
fsstate->eof_reached = (numrows < fsstate->fetch_size);
PQclear(res);
res = NULL;
}
PG_CATCH();
{
if (res)
PQclear(res);
PG_RE_THROW();
}
PG_END_TRY();
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
}
/*
* Force assorted GUC parameters to settings that ensure that we'll output
* data values in a form that is unambiguous to the remote server.
*
* This is rather expensive and annoying to do once per row, but there's
* little choice if we want to be sure values are transmitted accurately;
* we can't leave the settings in place between rows for fear of affecting
* user-visible computations.
*
* We use the equivalent of a function SET option to allow the settings to
* persist only until the caller calls reset_transmission_modes(). If an
* error is thrown in between, guc.c will take care of undoing the settings.
*
* The return value is the nestlevel that must be passed to
* reset_transmission_modes() to undo things.
*/
int
set_transmission_modes(void)
{
int nestlevel = NewGUCNestLevel();
/*
* The values set here should match what pg_dump does. See also
* configure_remote_session in connection.c.
*/
if (DateStyle != USE_ISO_DATES)
(void) set_config_option("datestyle", "ISO",
PGC_USERSET, PGC_S_SESSION,
GUC_ACTION_SAVE, true, 0, false);
if (IntervalStyle != INTSTYLE_POSTGRES)
(void) set_config_option("intervalstyle", "postgres",
PGC_USERSET, PGC_S_SESSION,
GUC_ACTION_SAVE, true, 0, false);
if (extra_float_digits < 3)
(void) set_config_option("extra_float_digits", "3",
PGC_USERSET, PGC_S_SESSION,
GUC_ACTION_SAVE, true, 0, false);
return nestlevel;
}
/*
* Undo the effects of set_transmission_modes().
*/
void
reset_transmission_modes(int nestlevel)
{
AtEOXact_GUC(true, nestlevel);
}
/*
* Utility routine to close a cursor.
*/
static void
close_cursor(PGconn *conn, unsigned int cursor_number)
{
char sql[64];
PGresult *res;
snprintf(sql, sizeof(sql), "CLOSE c%u", cursor_number);
/*
* We don't use a PG_TRY block here, so be careful not to throw error
* without releasing the PGresult.
*/
res = PQexec(conn, sql);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, conn, true, sql);
PQclear(res);
}
/*
* prepare_foreign_modify
* Establish a prepared statement for execution of INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE
*/
static void
prepare_foreign_modify(PgFdwModifyState *fmstate)
{
char prep_name[NAMEDATALEN];
char *p_name;
PGresult *res;
/* Construct name we'll use for the prepared statement. */
snprintf(prep_name, sizeof(prep_name), "pgsql_fdw_prep_%u",
GetPrepStmtNumber(fmstate->conn));
p_name = pstrdup(prep_name);
/*
* We intentionally do not specify parameter types here, but leave the
* remote server to derive them by default. This avoids possible problems
* with the remote server using different type OIDs than we do. All of
* the prepared statements we use in this module are simple enough that
* the remote server will make the right choices.
*
* We don't use a PG_TRY block here, so be careful not to throw error
* without releasing the PGresult.
*/
res = PQprepare(fmstate->conn,
p_name,
fmstate->query,
0,
NULL);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
PQclear(res);
/* This action shows that the prepare has been done. */
fmstate->p_name = p_name;
}
/*
* convert_prep_stmt_params
* Create array of text strings representing parameter values
*
* tupleid is ctid to send, or NULL if none
* slot is slot to get remaining parameters from, or NULL if none
*
* Data is constructed in temp_cxt; caller should reset that after use.
*/
static const char **
convert_prep_stmt_params(PgFdwModifyState *fmstate,
ItemPointer tupleid,
TupleTableSlot *slot)
{
const char **p_values;
int pindex = 0;
MemoryContext oldcontext;
oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(fmstate->temp_cxt);
p_values = (const char **) palloc(sizeof(char *) * fmstate->p_nums);
/* 1st parameter should be ctid, if it's in use */
if (tupleid != NULL)
{
/* don't need set_transmission_modes for TID output */
p_values[pindex] = OutputFunctionCall(&fmstate->p_flinfo[pindex],
PointerGetDatum(tupleid));
pindex++;
}
/* get following parameters from slot */
if (slot != NULL && fmstate->target_attrs != NIL)
{
int nestlevel;
ListCell *lc;
nestlevel = set_transmission_modes();
foreach(lc, fmstate->target_attrs)
{
int attnum = lfirst_int(lc);
Datum value;
bool isnull;
value = slot_getattr(slot, attnum, &isnull);
if (isnull)
p_values[pindex] = NULL;
else
p_values[pindex] = OutputFunctionCall(&fmstate->p_flinfo[pindex],
value);
pindex++;
}
reset_transmission_modes(nestlevel);
}
Assert(pindex == fmstate->p_nums);
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
return p_values;
}
/*
* store_returning_result
* Store the result of a RETURNING clause
*
* On error, be sure to release the PGresult on the way out. Callers do not
* have PG_TRY blocks to ensure this happens.
*/
static void
store_returning_result(PgFdwModifyState *fmstate,
TupleTableSlot *slot, PGresult *res)
{
PG_TRY();
{
HeapTuple newtup;
newtup = make_tuple_from_result_row(res, 0,
fmstate->rel,
fmstate->attinmeta,
fmstate->retrieved_attrs,
NULL,
fmstate->temp_cxt);
/* tuple will be deleted when it is cleared from the slot */
ExecStoreTuple(newtup, slot, InvalidBuffer, true);
}
PG_CATCH();
{
if (res)
PQclear(res);
PG_RE_THROW();
}
PG_END_TRY();
}
/*
* Execute a direct UPDATE/DELETE statement.
*/
static void
execute_dml_stmt(ForeignScanState *node)
{
PgFdwDirectModifyState *dmstate = (PgFdwDirectModifyState *) node->fdw_state;
ExprContext *econtext = node->ss.ps.ps_ExprContext;
int numParams = dmstate->numParams;
const char **values = dmstate->param_values;
/*
* Construct array of query parameter values in text format.
*/
if (numParams > 0)
process_query_params(econtext,
dmstate->param_flinfo,
dmstate->param_exprs,
values);
/*
* Notice that we pass NULL for paramTypes, thus forcing the remote server
* to infer types for all parameters. Since we explicitly cast every
* parameter (see deparse.c), the "inference" is trivial and will produce
* the desired result. This allows us to avoid assuming that the remote
* server has the same OIDs we do for the parameters' types.
*
* We don't use a PG_TRY block here, so be careful not to throw error
* without releasing the PGresult.
*/
dmstate->result = PQexecParams(dmstate->conn, dmstate->query,
numParams, NULL, values, NULL, NULL, 0);
if (PQresultStatus(dmstate->result) !=
(dmstate->has_returning ? PGRES_TUPLES_OK : PGRES_COMMAND_OK))
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, dmstate->result, dmstate->conn, true,
dmstate->query);
/* Get the number of rows affected. */
if (dmstate->has_returning)
dmstate->num_tuples = PQntuples(dmstate->result);
else
dmstate->num_tuples = atoi(PQcmdTuples(dmstate->result));
}
/*
* Get the result of a RETURNING clause.
*/
static TupleTableSlot *
get_returning_data(ForeignScanState *node)
{
PgFdwDirectModifyState *dmstate = (PgFdwDirectModifyState *) node->fdw_state;
EState *estate = node->ss.ps.state;
ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo = estate->es_result_relation_info;
TupleTableSlot *slot = node->ss.ss_ScanTupleSlot;
Assert(resultRelInfo->ri_projectReturning);
/* If we didn't get any tuples, must be end of data. */
if (dmstate->next_tuple >= dmstate->num_tuples)
return ExecClearTuple(slot);
/* Increment the command es_processed count if necessary. */
if (dmstate->set_processed)
estate->es_processed += 1;
/*
* Store a RETURNING tuple. If has_returning is false, just emit a dummy
* tuple. (has_returning is false when the local query is of the form
* "UPDATE/DELETE .. RETURNING 1" for example.)
*/
if (!dmstate->has_returning)
ExecStoreAllNullTuple(slot);
else
{
/*
* On error, be sure to release the PGresult on the way out. Callers
* do not have PG_TRY blocks to ensure this happens.
*/
PG_TRY();
{
HeapTuple newtup;
newtup = make_tuple_from_result_row(dmstate->result,
dmstate->next_tuple,
dmstate->rel,
dmstate->attinmeta,
dmstate->retrieved_attrs,
NULL,
dmstate->temp_cxt);
ExecStoreTuple(newtup, slot, InvalidBuffer, false);
}
PG_CATCH();
{
if (dmstate->result)
PQclear(dmstate->result);
PG_RE_THROW();
}
PG_END_TRY();
}
dmstate->next_tuple++;
/* Make slot available for evaluation of the local query RETURNING list. */
resultRelInfo->ri_projectReturning->pi_exprContext->ecxt_scantuple = slot;
return slot;
}
/*
* Prepare for processing of parameters used in remote query.
*/
static void
prepare_query_params(PlanState *node,
List *fdw_exprs,
int numParams,
FmgrInfo **param_flinfo,
List **param_exprs,
const char ***param_values)
{
int i;
ListCell *lc;
Assert(numParams > 0);
/* Prepare for output conversion of parameters used in remote query. */
*param_flinfo = (FmgrInfo *) palloc0(sizeof(FmgrInfo) * numParams);
i = 0;
foreach(lc, fdw_exprs)
{
Node *param_expr = (Node *) lfirst(lc);
Oid typefnoid;
bool isvarlena;
getTypeOutputInfo(exprType(param_expr), &typefnoid, &isvarlena);
fmgr_info(typefnoid, &(*param_flinfo)[i]);
i++;
}
/*
* Prepare remote-parameter expressions for evaluation. (Note: in
* practice, we expect that all these expressions will be just Params, so
* we could possibly do something more efficient than using the full
* expression-eval machinery for this. But probably there would be little
* benefit, and it'd require postgres_fdw to know more than is desirable
* about Param evaluation.)
*/
*param_exprs = (List *) ExecInitExpr((Expr *) fdw_exprs, node);
/* Allocate buffer for text form of query parameters. */
*param_values = (const char **) palloc0(numParams * sizeof(char *));
}
/*
* Construct array of query parameter values in text format.
*/
static void
process_query_params(ExprContext *econtext,
FmgrInfo *param_flinfo,
List *param_exprs,
const char **param_values)
{
int nestlevel;
int i;
ListCell *lc;
nestlevel = set_transmission_modes();
i = 0;
foreach(lc, param_exprs)
{
ExprState *expr_state = (ExprState *) lfirst(lc);
Datum expr_value;
bool isNull;
/* Evaluate the parameter expression */
expr_value = ExecEvalExpr(expr_state, econtext, &isNull, NULL);
/*
* Get string representation of each parameter value by invoking
* type-specific output function, unless the value is null.
*/
if (isNull)
param_values[i] = NULL;
else
param_values[i] = OutputFunctionCall(&param_flinfo[i], expr_value);
i++;
}
reset_transmission_modes(nestlevel);
}
/*
* postgresAnalyzeForeignTable
* Test whether analyzing this foreign table is supported
*/
static bool
postgresAnalyzeForeignTable(Relation relation,
AcquireSampleRowsFunc *func,
BlockNumber *totalpages)
{
ForeignTable *table;
UserMapping *user;
PGconn *conn;
StringInfoData sql;
PGresult *volatile res = NULL;
/* Return the row-analysis function pointer */
*func = postgresAcquireSampleRowsFunc;
/*
* Now we have to get the number of pages. It's annoying that the ANALYZE
* API requires us to return that now, because it forces some duplication
* of effort between this routine and postgresAcquireSampleRowsFunc. But
* it's probably not worth redefining that API at this point.
*/
/*
* Get the connection to use. We do the remote access as the table's
* owner, even if the ANALYZE was started by some other user.
*/
table = GetForeignTable(RelationGetRelid(relation));
user = GetUserMapping(relation->rd_rel->relowner, table->serverid);
conn = GetConnection(user, false);
/*
* Construct command to get page count for relation.
*/
initStringInfo(&sql);
deparseAnalyzeSizeSql(&sql, relation);
/* In what follows, do not risk leaking any PGresults. */
PG_TRY();
{
res = PQexec(conn, sql.data);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, conn, false, sql.data);
if (PQntuples(res) != 1 || PQnfields(res) != 1)
elog(ERROR, "unexpected result from deparseAnalyzeSizeSql query");
*totalpages = strtoul(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0), NULL, 10);
PQclear(res);
res = NULL;
}
PG_CATCH();
{
if (res)
PQclear(res);
PG_RE_THROW();
}
PG_END_TRY();
ReleaseConnection(conn);
return true;
}
/*
* Acquire a random sample of rows from foreign table managed by postgres_fdw.
*
* We fetch the whole table from the remote side and pick out some sample rows.
*
* Selected rows are returned in the caller-allocated array rows[],
* which must have at least targrows entries.
* The actual number of rows selected is returned as the function result.
* We also count the total number of rows in the table and return it into
* *totalrows. Note that *totaldeadrows is always set to 0.
*
* Note that the returned list of rows is not always in order by physical
* position in the table. Therefore, correlation estimates derived later
* may be meaningless, but it's OK because we don't use the estimates
* currently (the planner only pays attention to correlation for indexscans).
*/
static int
postgresAcquireSampleRowsFunc(Relation relation, int elevel,
HeapTuple *rows, int targrows,
double *totalrows,
double *totaldeadrows)
{
PgFdwAnalyzeState astate;
ForeignTable *table;
ForeignServer *server;
UserMapping *user;
PGconn *conn;
unsigned int cursor_number;
StringInfoData sql;
PGresult *volatile res = NULL;
/* Initialize workspace state */
astate.rel = relation;
astate.attinmeta = TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(RelationGetDescr(relation));
astate.rows = rows;
astate.targrows = targrows;
astate.numrows = 0;
astate.samplerows = 0;
astate.rowstoskip = -1; /* -1 means not set yet */
reservoir_init_selection_state(&astate.rstate, targrows);
/* Remember ANALYZE context, and create a per-tuple temp context */
astate.anl_cxt = CurrentMemoryContext;
astate.temp_cxt = AllocSetContextCreate(CurrentMemoryContext,
"postgres_fdw temporary data",
ALLOCSET_SMALL_MINSIZE,
ALLOCSET_SMALL_INITSIZE,
ALLOCSET_SMALL_MAXSIZE);
/*
* Get the connection to use. We do the remote access as the table's
* owner, even if the ANALYZE was started by some other user.
*/
table = GetForeignTable(RelationGetRelid(relation));
server = GetForeignServer(table->serverid);
user = GetUserMapping(relation->rd_rel->relowner, table->serverid);
conn = GetConnection(user, false);
/*
* Construct cursor that retrieves whole rows from remote.
*/
cursor_number = GetCursorNumber(conn);
initStringInfo(&sql);
appendStringInfo(&sql, "DECLARE c%u CURSOR FOR ", cursor_number);
deparseAnalyzeSql(&sql, relation, &astate.retrieved_attrs);
/* In what follows, do not risk leaking any PGresults. */
PG_TRY();
{
res = PQexec(conn, sql.data);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, conn, false, sql.data);
PQclear(res);
res = NULL;
/* Retrieve and process rows a batch at a time. */
for (;;)
{
char fetch_sql[64];
int fetch_size;
int numrows;
int i;
ListCell *lc;
/* Allow users to cancel long query */
CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
/*
* XXX possible future improvement: if rowstoskip is large, we
* could issue a MOVE rather than physically fetching the rows,
* then just adjust rowstoskip and samplerows appropriately.
*/
/* The fetch size is arbitrary, but shouldn't be enormous. */
fetch_size = 100;
foreach(lc, server->options)
{
DefElem *def = (DefElem *) lfirst(lc);
if (strcmp(def->defname, "fetch_size") == 0)
{
fetch_size = strtol(defGetString(def), NULL, 10);
break;
}
}
foreach(lc, table->options)
{
DefElem *def = (DefElem *) lfirst(lc);
if (strcmp(def->defname, "fetch_size") == 0)
{
fetch_size = strtol(defGetString(def), NULL, 10);
break;
}
}
/* Fetch some rows */
snprintf(fetch_sql, sizeof(fetch_sql), "FETCH %d FROM c%u",
fetch_size, cursor_number);
res = PQexec(conn, fetch_sql);
/* On error, report the original query, not the FETCH. */
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, conn, false, sql.data);
/* Process whatever we got. */
numrows = PQntuples(res);
for (i = 0; i < numrows; i++)
analyze_row_processor(res, i, &astate);
PQclear(res);
res = NULL;
/* Must be EOF if we didn't get all the rows requested. */
if (numrows < fetch_size)
break;
}
/* Close the cursor, just to be tidy. */
close_cursor(conn, cursor_number);
}
PG_CATCH();
{
if (res)
PQclear(res);
PG_RE_THROW();
}
PG_END_TRY();
ReleaseConnection(conn);
/* We assume that we have no dead tuple. */
*totaldeadrows = 0.0;
/* We've retrieved all living tuples from foreign server. */
*totalrows = astate.samplerows;
/*
* Emit some interesting relation info
*/
ereport(elevel,
(errmsg("\"%s\": table contains %.0f rows, %d rows in sample",
RelationGetRelationName(relation),
astate.samplerows, astate.numrows)));
return astate.numrows;
}
/*
* Collect sample rows from the result of query.
* - Use all tuples in sample until target # of samples are collected.
* - Subsequently, replace already-sampled tuples randomly.
*/
static void
analyze_row_processor(PGresult *res, int row, PgFdwAnalyzeState *astate)
{
int targrows = astate->targrows;
int pos; /* array index to store tuple in */
MemoryContext oldcontext;
/* Always increment sample row counter. */
astate->samplerows += 1;
/*
* Determine the slot where this sample row should be stored. Set pos to
* negative value to indicate the row should be skipped.
*/
if (astate->numrows < targrows)
{
/* First targrows rows are always included into the sample */
pos = astate->numrows++;
}
else
{
/*
* Now we start replacing tuples in the sample until we reach the end
* of the relation. Same algorithm as in acquire_sample_rows in
* analyze.c; see Jeff Vitter's paper.
*/
if (astate->rowstoskip < 0)
astate->rowstoskip = reservoir_get_next_S(&astate->rstate, astate->samplerows, targrows);
if (astate->rowstoskip <= 0)
{
/* Choose a random reservoir element to replace. */
pos = (int) (targrows * sampler_random_fract(astate->rstate.randstate));
Assert(pos >= 0 && pos < targrows);
heap_freetuple(astate->rows[pos]);
}
else
{
/* Skip this tuple. */
pos = -1;
}
astate->rowstoskip -= 1;
}
if (pos >= 0)
{
/*
* Create sample tuple from current result row, and store it in the
* position determined above. The tuple has to be created in anl_cxt.
*/
oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(astate->anl_cxt);
astate->rows[pos] = make_tuple_from_result_row(res, row,
astate->rel,
astate->attinmeta,
astate->retrieved_attrs,
NULL,
astate->temp_cxt);
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
}
}
/*
* Import a foreign schema
*/
static List *
postgresImportForeignSchema(ImportForeignSchemaStmt *stmt, Oid serverOid)
{
List *commands = NIL;
bool import_collate = true;
bool import_default = false;
bool import_not_null = true;
ForeignServer *server;
UserMapping *mapping;
PGconn *conn;
StringInfoData buf;
PGresult *volatile res = NULL;
int numrows,
i;
ListCell *lc;
/* Parse statement options */
foreach(lc, stmt->options)
{
DefElem *def = (DefElem *) lfirst(lc);
if (strcmp(def->defname, "import_collate") == 0)
import_collate = defGetBoolean(def);
else if (strcmp(def->defname, "import_default") == 0)
import_default = defGetBoolean(def);
else if (strcmp(def->defname, "import_not_null") == 0)
import_not_null = defGetBoolean(def);
else
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FDW_INVALID_OPTION_NAME),
errmsg("invalid option \"%s\"", def->defname)));
}
/*
* Get connection to the foreign server. Connection manager will
* establish new connection if necessary.
*/
server = GetForeignServer(serverOid);
mapping = GetUserMapping(GetUserId(), server->serverid);
conn = GetConnection(mapping, false);
/* Don't attempt to import collation if remote server hasn't got it */
if (PQserverVersion(conn) < 90100)
import_collate = false;
/* Create workspace for strings */
initStringInfo(&buf);
/* In what follows, do not risk leaking any PGresults. */
PG_TRY();
{
/* Check that the schema really exists */
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_namespace WHERE nspname = ");
deparseStringLiteral(&buf, stmt->remote_schema);
res = PQexec(conn, buf.data);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, conn, false, buf.data);
if (PQntuples(res) != 1)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FDW_SCHEMA_NOT_FOUND),
errmsg("schema \"%s\" is not present on foreign server \"%s\"",
stmt->remote_schema, server->servername)));
PQclear(res);
res = NULL;
resetStringInfo(&buf);
/*
* Fetch all table data from this schema, possibly restricted by
* EXCEPT or LIMIT TO. (We don't actually need to pay any attention
* to EXCEPT/LIMIT TO here, because the core code will filter the
* statements we return according to those lists anyway. But it
* should save a few cycles to not process excluded tables in the
* first place.)
*
* Note: because we run the connection with search_path restricted to
* pg_catalog, the format_type() and pg_get_expr() outputs will always
* include a schema name for types/functions in other schemas, which
* is what we want.
*/
if (import_collate)
appendStringInfoString(&buf,
"SELECT relname, "
" attname, "
" format_type(atttypid, atttypmod), "
" attnotnull, "
" pg_get_expr(adbin, adrelid), "
" collname, "
" collnsp.nspname "
"FROM pg_class c "
" JOIN pg_namespace n ON "
" relnamespace = n.oid "
" LEFT JOIN pg_attribute a ON "
" attrelid = c.oid AND attnum > 0 "
" AND NOT attisdropped "
" LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef ad ON "
" adrelid = c.oid AND adnum = attnum "
" LEFT JOIN pg_collation coll ON "
" coll.oid = attcollation "
" LEFT JOIN pg_namespace collnsp ON "
" collnsp.oid = collnamespace ");
else
appendStringInfoString(&buf,
"SELECT relname, "
" attname, "
" format_type(atttypid, atttypmod), "
" attnotnull, "
" pg_get_expr(adbin, adrelid), "
" NULL, NULL "
"FROM pg_class c "
" JOIN pg_namespace n ON "
" relnamespace = n.oid "
" LEFT JOIN pg_attribute a ON "
" attrelid = c.oid AND attnum > 0 "
" AND NOT attisdropped "
" LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef ad ON "
" adrelid = c.oid AND adnum = attnum ");
appendStringInfoString(&buf,
"WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 'v', 'f', 'm') "
" AND n.nspname = ");
deparseStringLiteral(&buf, stmt->remote_schema);
/* Apply restrictions for LIMIT TO and EXCEPT */
if (stmt->list_type == FDW_IMPORT_SCHEMA_LIMIT_TO ||
stmt->list_type == FDW_IMPORT_SCHEMA_EXCEPT)
{
bool first_item = true;
appendStringInfoString(&buf, " AND c.relname ");
if (stmt->list_type == FDW_IMPORT_SCHEMA_EXCEPT)
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "NOT ");
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "IN (");
/* Append list of table names within IN clause */
foreach(lc, stmt->table_list)
{
RangeVar *rv = (RangeVar *) lfirst(lc);
if (first_item)
first_item = false;
else
appendStringInfoString(&buf, ", ");
deparseStringLiteral(&buf, rv->relname);
}
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
}
/* Append ORDER BY at the end of query to ensure output ordering */
appendStringInfoString(&buf, " ORDER BY c.relname, a.attnum");
/* Fetch the data */
res = PQexec(conn, buf.data);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, conn, false, buf.data);
/* Process results */
numrows = PQntuples(res);
/* note: incrementation of i happens in inner loop's while() test */
for (i = 0; i < numrows;)
{
char *tablename = PQgetvalue(res, i, 0);
bool first_item = true;
resetStringInfo(&buf);
appendStringInfo(&buf, "CREATE FOREIGN TABLE %s (\n",
quote_identifier(tablename));
/* Scan all rows for this table */
do
{
char *attname;
char *typename;
char *attnotnull;
char *attdefault;
char *collname;
char *collnamespace;
/* If table has no columns, we'll see nulls here */
if (PQgetisnull(res, i, 1))
continue;
attname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 1);
typename = PQgetvalue(res, i, 2);
attnotnull = PQgetvalue(res, i, 3);
attdefault = PQgetisnull(res, i, 4) ? (char *) NULL :
PQgetvalue(res, i, 4);
collname = PQgetisnull(res, i, 5) ? (char *) NULL :
PQgetvalue(res, i, 5);
collnamespace = PQgetisnull(res, i, 6) ? (char *) NULL :
PQgetvalue(res, i, 6);
if (first_item)
first_item = false;
else
appendStringInfoString(&buf, ",\n");
/* Print column name and type */
appendStringInfo(&buf, " %s %s",
quote_identifier(attname),
typename);
/*
* Add column_name option so that renaming the foreign table's
* column doesn't break the association to the underlying
* column.
*/
appendStringInfoString(&buf, " OPTIONS (column_name ");
deparseStringLiteral(&buf, attname);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
/* Add COLLATE if needed */
if (import_collate && collname != NULL && collnamespace != NULL)
appendStringInfo(&buf, " COLLATE %s.%s",
quote_identifier(collnamespace),
quote_identifier(collname));
/* Add DEFAULT if needed */
if (import_default && attdefault != NULL)
appendStringInfo(&buf, " DEFAULT %s", attdefault);
/* Add NOT NULL if needed */
if (import_not_null && attnotnull[0] == 't')
appendStringInfoString(&buf, " NOT NULL");
}
while (++i < numrows &&
strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, 0), tablename) == 0);
/*
* Add server name and table-level options. We specify remote
* schema and table name as options (the latter to ensure that
* renaming the foreign table doesn't break the association).
*/
appendStringInfo(&buf, "\n) SERVER %s\nOPTIONS (",
quote_identifier(server->servername));
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "schema_name ");
deparseStringLiteral(&buf, stmt->remote_schema);
appendStringInfoString(&buf, ", table_name ");
deparseStringLiteral(&buf, tablename);
appendStringInfoString(&buf, ");");
commands = lappend(commands, pstrdup(buf.data));
}
/* Clean up */
PQclear(res);
res = NULL;
}
PG_CATCH();
{
if (res)
PQclear(res);
PG_RE_THROW();
}
PG_END_TRY();
ReleaseConnection(conn);
return commands;
}
/*
* Assess whether the join between inner and outer relations can be pushed down
* to the foreign server. As a side effect, save information we obtain in this
* function to PgFdwRelationInfo passed in.
*
* Joins that satisfy conditions below are safe to push down.
*
* 1) Join type is INNER or OUTER (one of LEFT/RIGHT/FULL)
* 2) Both outer and inner portions are safe to push-down
* 3) All join conditions are safe to push down
* 4) No relation has local filter (this can be relaxed for INNER JOIN, if we
* can move unpushable clauses upwards in the join tree).
*/
static bool
foreign_join_ok(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *joinrel, JoinType jointype,
RelOptInfo *outerrel, RelOptInfo *innerrel,
JoinPathExtraData *extra)
{
PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo;
PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo_o;
PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo_i;
ListCell *lc;
List *joinclauses;
List *otherclauses;
/*
* Core code may call GetForeignJoinPaths hook even when the join relation
* doesn't have a valid user mapping associated with it. See
* build_join_rel() for details. We can't push down such join, since there
* doesn't exist a user mapping which can be used to connect to the
* foreign server.
*/
if (!OidIsValid(joinrel->umid))
return false;
/*
* We support pushing down INNER, LEFT, RIGHT and FULL OUTER joins.
* Constructing queries representing SEMI and ANTI joins is hard, hence
* not considered right now.
*/
if (jointype != JOIN_INNER && jointype != JOIN_LEFT &&
jointype != JOIN_RIGHT && jointype != JOIN_FULL)
return false;
/*
* If either of the joining relations is marked as unsafe to pushdown, the
* join can not be pushed down.
*/
fpinfo = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) joinrel->fdw_private;
fpinfo_o = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) outerrel->fdw_private;
fpinfo_i = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) innerrel->fdw_private;
if (!fpinfo_o || !fpinfo_o->pushdown_safe ||
!fpinfo_i || !fpinfo_i->pushdown_safe)
return false;
/*
* If joining relations have local conditions, those conditions are
* required to be applied before joining the relations. Hence the join can
* not be pushed down.
*/
if (fpinfo_o->local_conds || fpinfo_i->local_conds)
return false;
/* Separate restrict list into join quals and quals on join relation */
if (IS_OUTER_JOIN(jointype))
extract_actual_join_clauses(extra->restrictlist, &joinclauses, &otherclauses);
else
{
/*
* Unlike an outer join, for inner join, the join result contains only
* the rows which satisfy join clauses, similar to the other clause.
* Hence all clauses can be treated as other quals. This helps to push
* a join down to the foreign server even if some of its join quals
* are not safe to pushdown.
*/
otherclauses = extract_actual_clauses(extra->restrictlist, false);
joinclauses = NIL;
}
/* Join quals must be safe to push down. */
foreach(lc, joinclauses)
{
Expr *expr = (Expr *) lfirst(lc);
if (!is_foreign_expr(root, joinrel, expr))
return false;
}
/* Save the join clauses, for later use. */
fpinfo->joinclauses = joinclauses;
/*
* Other clauses are applied after the join has been performed and thus
* need not be all pushable. We will push those which can be pushed to
* reduce the number of rows fetched from the foreign server. Rest of them
* will be applied locally after fetching join result. Add them to fpinfo
* so that other joins involving this joinrel will know that this joinrel
* has local clauses.
*/
foreach(lc, otherclauses)
{
Expr *expr = (Expr *) lfirst(lc);
if (!is_foreign_expr(root, joinrel, expr))
fpinfo->local_conds = lappend(fpinfo->local_conds, expr);
else
fpinfo->remote_conds = lappend(fpinfo->remote_conds, expr);
}
fpinfo->outerrel = outerrel;
fpinfo->innerrel = innerrel;
fpinfo->jointype = jointype;
/*
* Pull the other remote conditions from the joining relations into join
* clauses or other remote clauses (remote_conds) of this relation wherever
* possible. This avoids building subqueries at every join step, which is
* not currently supported by the deparser logic.
*
* For an inner join, clauses from both the relations are added to the
* other remote clauses. For LEFT and RIGHT OUTER join, the clauses from the
* outer side are added to remote_conds since those can be evaluated after
* the join is evaluated. The clauses from inner side are added to the
* joinclauses, since they need to evaluated while constructing the join.
*
* For a FULL OUTER JOIN, the other clauses from either relation can not be
* added to the joinclauses or remote_conds, since each relation acts as an
* outer relation for the other. Consider such full outer join as
* unshippable because of the reasons mentioned above in this comment.
*
* The joining sides can not have local conditions, thus no need to test
* shippability of the clauses being pulled up.
*/
switch (jointype)
{
case JOIN_INNER:
fpinfo->remote_conds = list_concat(fpinfo->remote_conds,
list_copy(fpinfo_i->remote_conds));
fpinfo->remote_conds = list_concat(fpinfo->remote_conds,
list_copy(fpinfo_o->remote_conds));
break;
case JOIN_LEFT:
fpinfo->joinclauses = list_concat(fpinfo->joinclauses,
list_copy(fpinfo_i->remote_conds));
fpinfo->remote_conds = list_concat(fpinfo->remote_conds,
list_copy(fpinfo_o->remote_conds));
break;
case JOIN_RIGHT:
fpinfo->joinclauses = list_concat(fpinfo->joinclauses,
list_copy(fpinfo_o->remote_conds));
fpinfo->remote_conds = list_concat(fpinfo->remote_conds,
list_copy(fpinfo_i->remote_conds));
break;
case JOIN_FULL:
if (fpinfo_i->remote_conds || fpinfo_o->remote_conds)
return false;
break;
default:
/* Should not happen, we have just check this above */
elog(ERROR, "unsupported join type %d", jointype);
}
/*
* For an inner join, as explained above all restrictions can be treated
* alike. Treating the pushed down conditions as join conditions allows a
* top level full outer join to be deparsed without requiring subqueries.
*/
if (jointype == JOIN_INNER)
{
Assert(!fpinfo->joinclauses);
fpinfo->joinclauses = fpinfo->remote_conds;
fpinfo->remote_conds = NIL;
}
/* Mark that this join can be pushed down safely */
fpinfo->pushdown_safe = true;
/*
* If user is willing to estimate cost for a scan of either of the joining
* relations using EXPLAIN, he intends to estimate scans on that relation
* more accurately. Then, it makes sense to estimate the cost the join
* with that relation more accurately using EXPLAIN.
*/
fpinfo->use_remote_estimate = fpinfo_o->use_remote_estimate ||
fpinfo_i->use_remote_estimate;
/*
* Since both the joining relations come from the same server, the server
* level options should have same value for both the relations. Pick from
* any side.
*/
fpinfo->fdw_startup_cost = fpinfo_o->fdw_startup_cost;
fpinfo->fdw_tuple_cost = fpinfo_o->fdw_tuple_cost;
/*
* Set cached relation costs to some negative value, so that we can detect
* when they are set to some sensible costs, during one (usually the
* first) of the calls to estimate_path_cost_size().
*/
fpinfo->rel_startup_cost = -1;
fpinfo->rel_total_cost = -1;
/*
* Set fetch size to maximum of the joining sides, since we are expecting
* the rows returned by the join to be proportional to the relation sizes.
*/
if (fpinfo_o->fetch_size > fpinfo_i->fetch_size)
fpinfo->fetch_size = fpinfo_o->fetch_size;
else
fpinfo->fetch_size = fpinfo_i->fetch_size;
/*
* Set the string describing this join relation to be used in EXPLAIN
* output of corresponding ForeignScan.
*/
fpinfo->relation_name = makeStringInfo();
appendStringInfo(fpinfo->relation_name, "(%s) %s JOIN (%s)",
fpinfo_o->relation_name->data,
get_jointype_name(fpinfo->jointype),
fpinfo_i->relation_name->data);
return true;
}
static void
add_paths_with_pathkeys_for_rel(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *epq_path)
{
List *useful_pathkeys_list = NIL; /* List of all pathkeys */
ListCell *lc;
useful_pathkeys_list = get_useful_pathkeys_for_relation(root, rel);
/* Create one path for each set of pathkeys we found above. */
foreach(lc, useful_pathkeys_list)
{
double rows;
int width;
Cost startup_cost;
Cost total_cost;
List *useful_pathkeys = lfirst(lc);
estimate_path_cost_size(root, rel, NIL, useful_pathkeys,
&rows, &width, &startup_cost, &total_cost);
add_path(rel, (Path *)
create_foreignscan_path(root, rel,
NULL,
rows,
startup_cost,
total_cost,
useful_pathkeys,
NULL,
epq_path,
NIL));
}
}
/*
* postgresGetForeignJoinPaths
* Add possible ForeignPath to joinrel, if join is safe to push down.
*/
static void
postgresGetForeignJoinPaths(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *joinrel,
RelOptInfo *outerrel,
RelOptInfo *innerrel,
JoinType jointype,
JoinPathExtraData *extra)
{
PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo;
ForeignPath *joinpath;
double rows;
int width;
Cost startup_cost;
Cost total_cost;
Path *epq_path; /* Path to create plan to be executed when
* EvalPlanQual gets triggered. */
/*
* Skip if this join combination has been considered already.
*/
if (joinrel->fdw_private)
return;
/*
* Create unfinished PgFdwRelationInfo entry which is used to indicate
* that the join relation is already considered, so that we won't waste
* time in judging safety of join pushdown and adding the same paths again
* if found safe. Once we know that this join can be pushed down, we fill
* the entry.
*/
fpinfo = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) palloc0(sizeof(PgFdwRelationInfo));
fpinfo->pushdown_safe = false;
joinrel->fdw_private = fpinfo;
/* attrs_used is only for base relations. */
fpinfo->attrs_used = NULL;
/*
* In case there is a possibility that EvalPlanQual will be executed, we
* should be able to reconstruct the row, from base relations applying all
* the conditions. We create a local plan from a suitable local path
* available in the path list. In case such a path doesn't exist, we can
* not push the join to the foreign server since we won't be able to
* reconstruct the row for EvalPlanQual(). Find an alternative local path
* before we add ForeignPath, lest the new path would kick possibly the
* only local path. Do this before calling foreign_join_ok(), since that
* function updates fpinfo and marks it as pushable if the join is found
* to be pushable.
*/
if (root->parse->commandType == CMD_DELETE ||
root->parse->commandType == CMD_UPDATE ||
root->rowMarks)
{
epq_path = GetExistingLocalJoinPath(joinrel);
if (!epq_path)
{
elog(DEBUG3, "could not push down foreign join because a local path suitable for EPQ checks was not found");
return;
}
}
else
epq_path = NULL;
if (!foreign_join_ok(root, joinrel, jointype, outerrel, innerrel, extra))
{
/* Free path required for EPQ if we copied one; we don't need it now */
if (epq_path)
pfree(epq_path);
return;
}
/*
* Compute the selectivity and cost of the local_conds, so we don't have
* to do it over again for each path. The best we can do for these
* conditions is to estimate selectivity on the basis of local statistics.
* The local conditions are applied after the join has been computed on
* the remote side like quals in WHERE clause, so pass jointype as
* JOIN_INNER.
*/
fpinfo->local_conds_sel = clauselist_selectivity(root,
fpinfo->local_conds,
0,
JOIN_INNER,
NULL);
cost_qual_eval(&fpinfo->local_conds_cost, fpinfo->local_conds, root);
/*
* If we are going to estimate the costs using EXPLAIN, we will need
* connection information. Fill it here.
*/
if (fpinfo->use_remote_estimate)
fpinfo->user = GetUserMappingById(joinrel->umid);
else
{
fpinfo->user = NULL;
/*
* If we are going to estimate costs locally, estimate the join clause
* selectivity here while we have special join info.
*/
fpinfo->joinclause_sel = clauselist_selectivity(root, fpinfo->joinclauses,
0, fpinfo->jointype,
extra->sjinfo);
}
fpinfo->server = GetForeignServer(joinrel->serverid);
/* Estimate costs for bare join relation */
estimate_path_cost_size(root, joinrel, NIL, NIL, &rows,
&width, &startup_cost, &total_cost);
/* Now update this information in the joinrel */
joinrel->rows = rows;
joinrel->reltarget->width = width;
fpinfo->rows = rows;
fpinfo->width = width;
fpinfo->startup_cost = startup_cost;
fpinfo->total_cost = total_cost;
/*
* Create a new join path and add it to the joinrel which represents a
* join between foreign tables.
*/
joinpath = create_foreignscan_path(root,
joinrel,
NULL, /* default pathtarget */
rows,
startup_cost,
total_cost,
NIL, /* no pathkeys */
NULL, /* no required_outer */
epq_path,
NULL); /* no fdw_private */
/* Add generated path into joinrel by add_path(). */
add_path(joinrel, (Path *) joinpath);
/* Consider pathkeys for the join relation */
add_paths_with_pathkeys_for_rel(root, joinrel, epq_path);
/* XXX Consider parameterized paths for the join relation */
}
/*
* Create a tuple from the specified row of the PGresult.
*
* rel is the local representation of the foreign table, attinmeta is
* conversion data for the rel's tupdesc, and retrieved_attrs is an
* integer list of the table column numbers present in the PGresult.
* temp_context is a working context that can be reset after each tuple.
*/
static HeapTuple
make_tuple_from_result_row(PGresult *res,
int row,
Relation rel,
AttInMetadata *attinmeta,
List *retrieved_attrs,
ForeignScanState *fsstate,
MemoryContext temp_context)
{
HeapTuple tuple;
TupleDesc tupdesc;
Datum *values;
bool *nulls;
ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
ConversionLocation errpos;
ErrorContextCallback errcallback;
MemoryContext oldcontext;
ListCell *lc;
int j;
Assert(row < PQntuples(res));
/*
* Do the following work in a temp context that we reset after each tuple.
* This cleans up not only the data we have direct access to, but any
* cruft the I/O functions might leak.
*/
oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(temp_context);
if (rel)
tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(rel);
else
{
PgFdwScanState *fdw_sstate;
Assert(fsstate);
fdw_sstate = (PgFdwScanState *) fsstate->fdw_state;
tupdesc = fdw_sstate->tupdesc;
}
values = (Datum *) palloc0(tupdesc->natts * sizeof(Datum));
nulls = (bool *) palloc(tupdesc->natts * sizeof(bool));
/* Initialize to nulls for any columns not present in result */
memset(nulls, true, tupdesc->natts * sizeof(bool));
/*
* Set up and install callback to report where conversion error occurs.
*/
errpos.rel = rel;
errpos.cur_attno = 0;
errpos.fsstate = fsstate;
errcallback.callback = conversion_error_callback;
errcallback.arg = (void *) &errpos;
errcallback.previous = error_context_stack;
error_context_stack = &errcallback;
/*
* i indexes columns in the relation, j indexes columns in the PGresult.
*/
j = 0;
foreach(lc, retrieved_attrs)
{
int i = lfirst_int(lc);
char *valstr;
/* fetch next column's textual value */
if (PQgetisnull(res, row, j))
valstr = NULL;
else
valstr = PQgetvalue(res, row, j);
/* convert value to internal representation */
errpos.cur_attno = i;
if (i > 0)
{
/* ordinary column */
Assert(i <= tupdesc->natts);
nulls[i - 1] = (valstr == NULL);
/* Apply the input function even to nulls, to support domains */
values[i - 1] = InputFunctionCall(&attinmeta->attinfuncs[i - 1],
valstr,
attinmeta->attioparams[i - 1],
attinmeta->atttypmods[i - 1]);
}
else if (i == SelfItemPointerAttributeNumber)
{
/* ctid --- note we ignore any other system column in result */
if (valstr != NULL)
{
Datum datum;
datum = DirectFunctionCall1(tidin, CStringGetDatum(valstr));
ctid = (ItemPointer) DatumGetPointer(datum);
}
}
errpos.cur_attno = 0;
j++;
}
/* Uninstall error context callback. */
error_context_stack = errcallback.previous;
/*
* Check we got the expected number of columns. Note: j == 0 and
* PQnfields == 1 is expected, since deparse emits a NULL if no columns.
*/
if (j > 0 && j != PQnfields(res))
elog(ERROR, "remote query result does not match the foreign table");
/*
* Build the result tuple in caller's memory context.
*/
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
tuple = heap_form_tuple(tupdesc, values, nulls);
/*
* If we have a CTID to return, install it in both t_self and t_ctid.
* t_self is the normal place, but if the tuple is converted to a
* composite Datum, t_self will be lost; setting t_ctid allows CTID to be
* preserved during EvalPlanQual re-evaluations (see ROW_MARK_COPY code).
*/
if (ctid)
tuple->t_self = tuple->t_data->t_ctid = *ctid;
/*
* Stomp on the xmin, xmax, and cmin fields from the tuple created by
* heap_form_tuple. heap_form_tuple actually creates the tuple with
* DatumTupleFields, not HeapTupleFields, but the executor expects
* HeapTupleFields and will happily extract system columns on that
* assumption. If we don't do this then, for example, the tuple length
* ends up in the xmin field, which isn't what we want.
*/
HeapTupleHeaderSetXmax(tuple->t_data, InvalidTransactionId);
HeapTupleHeaderSetXmin(tuple->t_data, InvalidTransactionId);
HeapTupleHeaderSetCmin(tuple->t_data, InvalidTransactionId);
/* Clean up */
MemoryContextReset(temp_context);
return tuple;
}
/*
* Callback function which is called when error occurs during column value
* conversion. Print names of column and relation.
*/
static void
conversion_error_callback(void *arg)
{
const char *attname = NULL;
const char *relname = NULL;
ConversionLocation *errpos = (ConversionLocation *) arg;
if (errpos->rel)
{
/* error occurred in a scan against a foreign table */
TupleDesc tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(errpos->rel);
if (errpos->cur_attno > 0 && errpos->cur_attno <= tupdesc->natts)
attname = NameStr(tupdesc->attrs[errpos->cur_attno - 1]->attname);
else if (errpos->cur_attno == SelfItemPointerAttributeNumber)
attname = "ctid";
relname = RelationGetRelationName(errpos->rel);
}
else
{
/* error occurred in a scan against a foreign join */
ForeignScanState *fsstate = errpos->fsstate;
ForeignScan *fsplan = (ForeignScan *) fsstate->ss.ps.plan;
EState *estate = fsstate->ss.ps.state;
TargetEntry *tle;
Var *var;
RangeTblEntry *rte;
Assert(IsA(fsplan, ForeignScan));
tle = (TargetEntry *) list_nth(fsplan->fdw_scan_tlist,
errpos->cur_attno - 1);
Assert(IsA(tle, TargetEntry));
var = (Var *) tle->expr;
Assert(IsA(var, Var));
rte = rt_fetch(var->varno, estate->es_range_table);
relname = get_rel_name(rte->relid);
attname = get_relid_attribute_name(rte->relid, var->varattno);
}
if (attname && relname)
errcontext("column \"%s\" of foreign table \"%s\"", attname, relname);
}
/*
* Find an equivalence class member expression, all of whose Vars, come from
* the indicated relation.
*/
extern Expr *
find_em_expr_for_rel(EquivalenceClass *ec, RelOptInfo *rel)
{
ListCell *lc_em;
foreach(lc_em, ec->ec_members)
{
EquivalenceMember *em = lfirst(lc_em);
if (bms_is_subset(em->em_relids, rel->relids))
{
/*
* If there is more than one equivalence member whose Vars are
* taken entirely from this relation, we'll be content to choose
* any one of those.
*/
return em->em_expr;
}
}
/* We didn't find any suitable equivalence class expression */
return NULL;
}
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