Apparently, computers are now a bit faster than when this was first
added, so we need to make room for a digit or two in the ops/sec format.
While we're at it, adjust some of the other output for a more consistent
line length.
Up to now, PG has assumed that any given timezone abbreviation (such as
"EDT") represents a constant GMT offset in the usage of any particular
region; we had a way to configure what that offset was, but not for it
to be changeable over time. But, as with most things horological, this
view of the world is too simplistic: there are numerous regions that have
at one time or another switched to a different GMT offset but kept using
the same timezone abbreviation. Almost the entire Russian Federation did
that a few years ago, and later this month they're going to do it again.
And there are similar examples all over the world.
To cope with this, invent the notion of a "dynamic timezone abbreviation",
which is one that is referenced to a particular underlying timezone
(as defined in the IANA timezone database) and means whatever it currently
means in that zone. For zones that use or have used daylight-savings time,
the standard and DST abbreviations continue to have the property that you
can specify standard or DST time and get that time offset whether or not
DST was theoretically in effect at the time. However, the abbreviations
mean what they meant at the time in question (or most recently before that
time) rather than being absolutely fixed.
The standard abbreviation-list files have been changed to use this behavior
for abbreviations that have actually varied in meaning since 1970. The
old simple-numeric definitions are kept for abbreviations that have not
changed, since they are a bit faster to resolve.
While this is clearly a new feature, it seems necessary to back-patch it
into all active branches, because otherwise use of Russian zone
abbreviations is going to become even more problematic than it already was.
This change supersedes the changes in commit 513d06ded et al to modify the
fixed meanings of the Russian abbreviations; since we've not shipped that
yet, this will avoid an undesirably incompatible (not to mention incorrect)
change in behavior for timestamps between 2011 and 2014.
This patch makes some cosmetic changes in ecpglib to keep its usage of
datetime lookup tables as similar as possible to the backend code, but
doesn't do anything about the increasingly obsolete set of timezone
abbreviation definitions that are hard-wired into ecpglib. Whatever we
do about that will likely not be appropriate material for back-patching.
Also, a potential free() of a garbage pointer after an out-of-memory
failure in ecpglib has been fixed.
This patch also fixes pre-existing bugs in DetermineTimeZoneOffset() that
caused it to produce unexpected results near a timezone transition, if
both the "before" and "after" states are marked as standard time. We'd
only ever thought about or tested transitions between standard and DST
time, but that's not what's happening when a zone simply redefines their
base GMT offset.
In passing, update the SGML documentation to refer to the Olson/zoneinfo/
zic timezone database as the "IANA" database, since it's now being
maintained under the auspices of IANA.
We've gotten enough push-back on that change to make it clear that it
wasn't an especially good idea to do it like that. Revert plain EXPLAIN
to its previous behavior, but keep the extra output in EXPLAIN ANALYZE.
Per discussion.
Internally, I set this up as a separate flag ExplainState.summary that
controls printing of planning time and execution time. For now it's
just copied from the ANALYZE option, but we could consider exposing it
to users.
This allows transactions that take longer than specified limit to be counted
separately. With --rate, transactions that are already late by the time we
get to execute them are skipped altogether. Using --latency-limit with
--rate allows you to "catch up" more quickly, if there's a hickup in the
server causing a lot of transactions to stall momentarily.
Fabien COELHO, reviewed by Rukh Meski and heavily refactored by me.
Lc_collate and lc_ctype have been per-database settings since server version
8.4, but pg_upgrade was still treating them as cluster-wide options. It
fetched the values for the template0 databases in old and new cluster, and
compared them. That's backwards; the encoding and locale of the template0
database doesn't matter, as template0 is guaranteed to contain only ASCII
characters. But if there are any other databases that exist on both clusters
(in particular template1 and postgres databases), their encodings and
locales must be compatible.
Also, make the locale comparison more lenient. If the locale names are not
equal, try to canonicalize both of them by passing them to setlocale(). We
used to do that only when upgrading from 9.1 or below, but it seems like a
good idea even with newer versions. If we change the canonical form of a
locale, this allows pg_upgrade to still work. I'm about to do just that to
fix bug #11431, by mapping a locale name that contains non-ASCII characters
to a pure-ASCII alias of the same locale.
No backpatching, because earlier versions of pg_upgrade still support
upgrading from 8.3 servers. That would be more complicated, so it doesn't
seem worth it, given that we haven't received any complaints about this
from users.
This add a new pgp_armor_headers function to extract armor headers from an
ASCII-armored blob, and a new overloaded variant of the armor function, for
constructing an ASCII-armor with extra headers.
Marko Tiikkaja and me.
That get rids of the only -Wempty-body warning when compiling postgres
with gcc 4.8/9. As 6550b901f shows, it's useful to be able to use that
option routinely.
Without asserts there's many more warnings, but that's food for
another commit.
Instead of trying to accurately calculate the space needed, use a StringInfo
that's enlarged as needed. This is just moving things around currently - the
old code was not wrong - but this is in preparation for a patch that adds
support for extra armor headers, and would make the space calculation more
complicated.
Marko Tiikkaja
There are four weaknesses in728f152e07f998d2cb4fe5f24ec8da2c3bda98f2:
* append_init() in heapdesc.c was ugly and required that rm_identify
return values are only valid till the next call. Instead just add a
couple more switch() cases for the INIT_PAGE cases. Now the returned
value will always be valid.
* a couple rm_identify() callbacks missed masking xl_info with
~XLR_INFO_MASK.
* pg_xlogdump didn't map a NULL rm_identify to UNKNOWN or a similar
string.
* append_init() was called when id=NULL - which should never actually
happen. But it's better to be careful.
This has been broken since commit af7914c662,
which added the EXPLAIN (TIMING) option. Although that commit included
updates to auto_explain, they evidently weren't tested very carefully,
because the code failed to print node timings even when it should, due to
failure to set es.timing in the ExplainState struct. Reported off-list by
Neelakanth Nadgir of Salesforce.
In passing, clean up the documentation for auto_explain's options a
little bit, including re-ordering them into what seems to me a more
logical order.
The new --stats/--stats=record options to pg_xlogdump display per
rmgr/per record statistics about the parsed WAL. This is useful to
understand what the WAL primarily consists of, to allow targeted
optimizations on application, configuration, and core code level.
It is likely that we will want to fine tune the statistics further,
but the feature already is quite helpful.
Author: Abhijit Menon-Sen, slightly editorialized by me
Reviewed-By: Andres Freund, Dilip Kumar and Furuya Osamu
Discussion: 20140604104716.GA3989@toroid.org
This is primarily useful for the upcoming pg_xlogdump --stats feature,
but also allows to remove some duplicated code in the rmgr_desc
routines.
Due to the separation and harmonization, the output of dipsplayed
records changes somewhat. But since this isn't enduser oriented
content that's ok.
It's potentially desirable to further change pg_xlogdump's display of
records. It previously wasn't possible to show the record type
separately from the description forcing it to be in the last
column. But that's better done in a separate commit.
Author: Abhijit Menon-Sen, slightly editorialized by me
Reviewed-By: Álvaro Herrera, Andres Freund, and Heikki Linnakangas
Discussion: 20140604104716.GA3989@toroid.org
The previous coding first generated a uniform random value between 0.0 and
1.0, then converted that to an integer between 1 and 10000, and divided that
again by 10000. Those conversions are unnecessary; we can use the double
value that pg_erand48() returns directly. While we're at it, put the logic
into a helper function, getPoissonRand().
The largest delay generated by the old coding was about 9.2 times the
average, because of the way the uniformly distributed value used for the
calculation was truncated to 1/10000 granularity. The new coding doesn't
have such clamping. With my laptop's DBL_MIN value, the maximum delay with
the new coding is about 700x the average. That seems acceptable - any
reasonable pgbench session should last long enough to average that out.
Backpatch to 9.4.
The reported latency values now include the "schedule lag" time, that is,
the time between the transaction's scheduled start time and the time it
actually started. This relates better to a model where requests arrive at a
certain rate, and we are interested in the response time to the end user or
application, rather than the response time of the database itself.
Also, when --rate is used, include the schedule lag time in the log output.
The --rate option is new in 9.4, so backpatch to 9.4. It seems better to
make this change in 9.4, while we're still in the beta period, than ship a
9.4 version that calculates the values differently than 9.5.
The regression tests for contrib/test_decoding regularly failed on
postgres instances that were very slow. Either because the hardware
itself was slow or because very expensive debugging options like
CLOBBER_CACHE_ALWAYS were used.
The reason they failed was just that some additional transactions were
decoded. Analyze and vacuum, triggered by autovac.
To fix just add a option to test_decoding to only display transactions
in which a change was actually displayed. That's not pretty because it
removes information from the tests; but better than constantly failing
tests in very likely harmless ways.
Backpatch to 9.4 where logical decoding was introduced.
Discussion: 20140629142511.GA26930@awork2.anarazel.de
Since the dawn of time (aka Postgres95) multiple pins of the same
buffer by one backend have been optimized not to modify the shared
refcount more than once. This optimization has always used a NBuffer
sized array in each backend keeping track of a backend's pins.
That array (PrivateRefCount) was one of the biggest per-backend memory
allocations, depending on the shared_buffers setting. Besides the
waste of memory it also has proven to be a performance bottleneck when
assertions are enabled as we make sure that there's no remaining pins
left at the end of transactions. Also, on servers with lots of memory
and a correspondingly high shared_buffers setting the amount of random
memory accesses can also lead to poor cpu cache efficiency.
Because of these reasons a backend's buffers pins are now kept track
of in a small statically sized array that overflows into a hash table
when necessary. Benchmarks have shown neutral to positive performance
results with considerably lower memory usage.
Patch by me, review by Robert Haas.
Discussion: 20140321182231.GA17111@alap3.anarazel.de
In commit 45e02e3232, we intentionally
disallowed updates on individual elements of oidvector columns. While that
still seems like a sane idea in the abstract, we (I) forgot that citext's
"upgrade from unpackaged" script did in fact perform exactly such updates,
in order to fix the problem that citext indexes should have a collation
but would not in databases dumped or upgraded from pre-9.1 installations.
Even if we wanted to add casts to allow such updates, there's no practical
way to do so in the back branches, so the only real alternative is to make
citext's kluge even klugier. In this patch, I cast the oidvector to text,
fix its contents with regexp_replace, and cast back to oidvector. (Ugh!)
Since the aforementioned commit went into all active branches, we have to
fix this in all branches that contain the now-broken update script.
Per report from Eric Malm.
That allows to run those tests against a postmaster listening on a
nonstandard port without requiring to export PGPORT in postmaster's
environment.
This still doesn't support connecting to a nondefault host without
configuring it in postmaster's environment. That's harder and less
frequently used though. So this is a useful step.
That allows parallel installcheck to succeed inside contrib/. The
output is not particularly pretty unless make's -O option to
synchronize the output is used.
There's other tests, outside contrib, that use a hardcoded,
non-unique, database name. Those prohibit paralell installcheck to be
used across more directories; but that's something for a separate
patch.
Prevent automatic oid assignment when in binary upgrade mode. Also
throw an error when contrib/pg_upgrade_support functions are called when
not in binary upgrade mode.
This prevent automatically-assigned oids from conflicting with later
pre-assigned oids coming from the old cluster. It also makes sure oids
are preserved in call important cases.
Some of the many error messages introduced in 458857cc missed 'FROM
unpackaged'. Also e016b724 and 45ffeb7e forgot to quote extension
version numbers.
Backpatch to 9.1, just like 458857cc which introduced the messages. Do
so because the error messages thrown when the wrong command is copy &
pasted aren't easy to understand.
We also don't track PREPARE, nor do we track planning time in general, so
let's ignore DEALLOCATE as well for consistency.
Backpatch to 9.4, but not further than that. Although it seems unlikely that
anyone is relying on the current behavior, this is a behavioral change.
Fabien Coelho
The new column shows how many backends have a buffer pinned. That can
be useful during development or to diagnose production issues
e.g. caused by vacuum waiting for cleanup locks.
To handle upgrades transparently - the extension might be used in
views - deal with callers expecting the old number of columns.
Reviewed by Fujii Masao and Rajeev rastogi.
strncmp() is a specialized API unsuited for routine copying into
fixed-size buffers. On a system where the length of a single filename
can exceed MAXPGPATH, the pg_archivecleanup change prevents a simple
crash in the subsequent strlen(). Few filesystems support names that
long, and calling pg_archivecleanup with untrusted input is still not a
credible use case. Therefore, no back-patch.
David Rowley
