Remove ruleutils.c's special case for BIT [VARYING] literals.

Up to now, get_const_expr() insisted on prefixing BIT and VARBIT
literals with 'B'.  That's not really necessary, because we always
append explicit-cast syntax to identify the constant's type.
Moreover, it's subtly wrong for VARBIT, because the parser will
interpret B'...' as '...'::"bit"; see make_const() which explicitly
assigns type BITOID for a T_BitString literal.  So what had been
a simple VARBIT literal is reconstructed as ('...'::"bit")::varbit,
which is not the same thing, at least not before constant folding.
This results in odd differences after dump/restore, as complained
of by the patch submitter, and it could result in actual failures in
partitioning or inheritance DDL operations (see commit 542320c2b,
which repaired similar misbehaviors for some other data types).

Fixing it is pretty easy: just remove the special case and let the
default code path handle these types.  We could have kept the special
case for BIT only, but there seems little point in that.

Like the previous patch, I judge that back-patching this into stable
branches wouldn't be a good idea.  However, it seems not quite too
late for v11, so let's fix it there.

Paul Guo, reviewed by Davy Machado and John Naylor, minor adjustments
by me

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CABQrizdTra=2JEqA6+Ms1D1k1Kqw+aiBBhC9TreuZRX2JzxLAA@mail.gmail.com

contrib/btree_gist/expected/bit.out

@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ SELECT count(*) FROM bittmp WHERE a >   '011011000100010111011000110000100';
 SET enable_bitmapscan=off;
 EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
 SELECT a FROM bittmp WHERE a BETWEEN '1000000' and '1000001';
-                              QUERY PLAN                               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
  Index Only Scan using bitidx on bittmp
-   Index Cond: ((a >= B'1000000'::"bit") AND (a <= B'1000001'::"bit"))
+   Index Cond: ((a >= '1000000'::"bit") AND (a <= '1000001'::"bit"))
 (2 rows)
 

contrib/btree_gist/expected/varbit.out

@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ SELECT count(*) FROM varbittmp WHERE a >   '1110100111010'::varbit;
 SET enable_bitmapscan=off;
 EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
 SELECT a FROM bittmp WHERE a BETWEEN '1000000' and '1000001';
-                              QUERY PLAN                               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
  Index Only Scan using bitidx on bittmp
-   Index Cond: ((a >= B'1000000'::"bit") AND (a <= B'1000001'::"bit"))
+   Index Cond: ((a >= '1000000'::"bit") AND (a <= '1000001'::"bit"))
 (2 rows)
 

src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c

@@ -9490,11 +9490,6 @@ get_const_expr(Const *constval, deparse_context *context, int showtype)
 			}
 			break;
 
-		case BITOID:
-		case VARBITOID:
-			appendStringInfo(buf, "B'%s'", extval);
-			break;
-
 		case BOOLOID:
 			if (strcmp(extval, "t") == 0)
 				appendStringInfoString(buf, "true");

src/test/regress/expected/bit.out

@@ -549,3 +549,26 @@ SELECT overlay(B'0101011100' placing '001' from 20);
  0101011100001
 (1 row)
 
+-- This table is intentionally left around to exercise pg_dump/pg_upgrade
+CREATE TABLE bit_defaults(
+  b1 bit(4) DEFAULT '1001',
+  b2 bit(4) DEFAULT B'0101',
+  b3 bit varying(5) DEFAULT '1001',
+  b4 bit varying(5) DEFAULT B'0101'
+);
+\d bit_defaults
+                     Table "public.bit_defaults"
+ Column |      Type      | Collation | Nullable |       Default       
+--------+----------------+-----------+----------+---------------------
+ b1     | bit(4)         |           |          | '1001'::"bit"
+ b2     | bit(4)         |           |          | '0101'::"bit"
+ b3     | bit varying(5) |           |          | '1001'::bit varying
+ b4     | bit varying(5) |           |          | '0101'::"bit"
+
+INSERT INTO bit_defaults DEFAULT VALUES;
+TABLE bit_defaults;
+  b1  |  b2  |  b3  |  b4  
+------+------+------+------
+ 1001 | 0101 | 1001 | 0101
+(1 row)
+

src/test/regress/expected/sanity_check.out

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ array_index_op_test|t
 array_op_test|f
 b|f
 b_star|f
+bit_defaults|f
 box_tbl|f
 bprime|f
 bt_f8_heap|t

src/test/regress/sql/bit.sql

@@ -195,3 +195,14 @@ SELECT overlay(B'0101011100' placing '001' from 2 for 3);
 SELECT overlay(B'0101011100' placing '101' from 6);
 SELECT overlay(B'0101011100' placing '001' from 11);
 SELECT overlay(B'0101011100' placing '001' from 20);
+
+-- This table is intentionally left around to exercise pg_dump/pg_upgrade
+CREATE TABLE bit_defaults(
+  b1 bit(4) DEFAULT '1001',
+  b2 bit(4) DEFAULT B'0101',
+  b3 bit varying(5) DEFAULT '1001',
+  b4 bit varying(5) DEFAULT B'0101'
+);
+\d bit_defaults
+INSERT INTO bit_defaults DEFAULT VALUES;
+TABLE bit_defaults;