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HISTORY file update.

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Bruce Momjian 1998-10-24 04:43:39 +00:00
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HISTORY
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@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
PostgreSQL 6.4 Tue Sep 1 21:18:17 EDT 1998
PostgreSQL 6.4 Sat Oct 24 00:41:35 EDT 1998
=========================================================
A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
previous releases of PostgreSQL.
previous releases of PostgreSQL. You may also use the new pg_upgrade
utility to avoid a dump/reload.
Bug Fixes
---------
@ -21,12 +22,13 @@ Fix a bug in the oracle compatibility functions btrim() ltrim() and rtrim()
Fix for usernames longer than eight characters(Tom)
Fix for shared invalidation cache overflow(Massimo)
Prevent file descriptor leaks in failed COPY's(Bruce)
Fix problem with username/passwords over 8 characters(Tom)
Enhancements
------------
Upgrade ECPG to 2.0, see src/interfaces/ecpc/ChangeLog(Michael)
Upgrade ecpg and ecpglib,see src/interfaces/ecpc/ChangeLog(Michael)
Show the index used in an explain(Zeugswetter)
Multi-byte awareness of many data data types and functions(Tatsuo)
Multi-byte awareness of many data types and functions, via configure(Tatsuo)
New configure --with-mb option(Tatsuo)
New initdb --pgencoding option(Tatsuo)
New createdb -E multibyte option(Tatsuo)
@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ Pg_hba.conf now has a sameuser option in the database field
Make lo_unlink take oid param, not int4
New DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO for compilers that can't handle our macros(Bruce)
Libpgtcl now gets async notifies from libpq(Tom)
libpgtcl cleanups(Tom)
New locale patch, see docs/README/locale(Oleg)
Fix for pg_dump so CONSTRAINT and CHECK syntax is correct(ccb)
New contrib/lo code for large object orphan removal(Peter)
@ -74,8 +77,9 @@ Libpq can now be compiled on win32(Magnus)
Add PQsetdbLogin() in libpq
Two styles we agreed upon for database descriptors(Thomas)
New 8-byte integer type, checked by configure for OS support(Thomas)
Better support for quited table/column names(Thomas)
Surround table and column names with double-quotes(Thomas) in generated
sql code to preserve case (SQL92 syntax)(Thomas)
sql code to preserve case (SQL92 syntax)(Thomas)
New libpqrequestCancel(Tom)
PQreset() now works with passwords(Tom)
Handle case of GROUP BY target list column number out of range(David)
@ -118,9 +122,13 @@ New rewrite system fixes many problems with rules and views(Jan)
* Rules and views inherit the permissions on the creator
* No rules at the column level
* No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
* New pg_rule and pg_view system views
* New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
* Only a single action on SELECT rules
* Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
* handle subselects
* handle aggregates on views
* handle insert into select from view works
*
System indexes are now multi-key(Bruce)
Oidint2, oidint4, and oidname types are removed(Bruce)
@ -133,9 +141,27 @@ New setval() command to set sequence value(Massimo)
Auto-remove unix socket file on startup if no postmaster running(Massimo)
Conditional trace package(Massimo)
New UNLISTEN command(Massimo)
Psql now compiles under win32 using win32.mak(Magnus)
Psql and libpq now compile under win32 using win32.mak(Magnus)
Lo_read no longer stores trailing NULL(Bruce)
Identifiers are now truncated to 31 characters internally(Bruce)
Createuser options now availble on the command line
PL/pgSQL backend programming language(Jan)
Code for 64-bit integer supported added, configure tested, int8 type(Thomas)
Prevent file descriptor leaf from failed COPY(Bruce)
New pg_upgrade command(Bruce)
Updated /contrib directories(Massimo)
New CREATE TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
New INSERT INTO TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
New DECLARE and FETCH feature(Thomas)
libpq's internal structures now not exported(Tom)
Allow up to 8 key indexes(Bruce)
Remove ARCHIVE keyword, that is no longer used(Thomas)
pg_dump -n flag to supress quotes around indentifiers
disable system columns for views(Jan)
net INET and CIDR types for network addresses(TomH, Paul)
no more double quotes in psql output
pg_dump now dumps views(Terry)
new SET QUERY_LIMIT(Tatsuo,Jan)
Source Tree Changes
-------------------
@ -155,11 +181,18 @@ Update backend flowchart in tools/backend(Bruce)
Change atttypmod from int16 to int32(Bruce, Tom)
Getrusage() fix for platforms that do not have it(Tom)
Add PGUSER to libpq man page
Ns32k platform fixes(Phil Nelson)
NS32K platform fixes(Phil Nelson, John Buller)
Sco 7/UnixWare 2.x fixes(Billy,others)
Sparc/Solaris 2.5 fixes(Ryan)
Pgbuiltin.3 is obsolete, move to doc files(Thomas)
Even more documention(Thomas)
Nextstep support(Jacek)
Aix support(David)
pginterface manual page(Bruce)
shared libraries all have version numbers
merged all OS-specific shared library defines into one file
smarter TCL/TK configuration checking(Billy)
smarter perl configuration(Brook)

272
doc/FAQ
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL
Last updated: Sun Aug 30 00:01:22 EDT 1998
Last updated: Sat Oct 24 00:12:23 EDT 1998
Current maintainer: Bruce Momjian (maillist@candle.pha.pa.us)
@ -15,10 +15,8 @@
http://postgreSQL.org/docs/faq-irix.shtml.
_________________________________________________________________
Questions answered:
1) General questions
General questions
1.1) What is PostgreSQL?
1.2) What does PostgreSQL run on?
1.3) Where can I get PostgreSQL?
@ -37,8 +35,8 @@ Questions answered:
1.14) How can I learn SQL?
1.15) What languages are available to communicate with PostgreSQL?
2) Installation/Configuration questions
Installation/Configuration questions
2.1) initdb doesn't run
2.2) when I start up the postmaster, I get "FindBackend: could not
find a backend to execute..." "postmaster: could not find backend to
@ -54,17 +52,17 @@ Questions answered:
change?
2.8) How do I prevent other hosts from accessing my PostgreSQL
database?
2.9) I can't access the database as the 'root' user.
2.9) I can't access the database as the root user.
2.10) All my servers crash under concurrent table access. Why?
2.11) How do I tune the database engine for better performance?
2.12) What debugging features are available in PostgreSQL?
2.13) How do I enable more than 64 concurrent backends? 2.14) What
non-unix ports are available?
2.13) How do I enable more than 64 concurrent backends?
2.14) What non-unix ports are available?
3) Operational questions
Operational questions
3.1) Does PostgreSQL support nested subqueries?
3.2) How can I write client applications to PostgreSQL?
3.2) How can I write client applications for PostgreSQL?
3.3) How do I set up a pg_group?
3.4) What is the exact difference between binary cursors and normal
cursors?
@ -82,13 +80,13 @@ Questions answered:
3.13) How do I create a serial/auto-incrementing field?
3.14) What are the pg_psort.XXX files in my database directory?
3.15) Why can't I connect to my database from another machine?
3.16) How do I find out what indexes or operations are defined in the
3.16) How do I find out what indices or operations are defined in the
database?
3.17) What is an oid? What is a tid?
3.18) What is the meaning of some of the terms used in PostgreSQL?
3.19) What is Genetic Query Optimization?
3.20) How do you remove a column from a table?
3.21) How do SELECT only the first few rows of a query?
3.21) How do I select only the first few rows of a query?
3.22) How much database disk space is required to store data from a
typical flat file?
3.23) How do I get a list of tables, or other things I can see in
@ -97,8 +95,8 @@ Questions answered:
exhausted?"
3.25) How do I tell what PostgreSQL version I am running?
4) Questions about extending PostgreSQL
Questions about extending PostgreSQL
4.1) I wrote a user-defined function and when I run it in psql, it
dumps core.
4.2) I get messages of the type NOTICE:PortalHeapMemoryFree:
@ -106,8 +104,8 @@ Questions answered:
4.3) I've written some nifty new types and functions for PostgreSQL.
4.4) How do I write a C function to return a tuple?
5) Bugs
Bugs
5.1) How do I make a bug report?
_________________________________________________________________
@ -146,7 +144,7 @@ Section 1: General Questions
* aix - IBM on AIX 3.2.5 or 4.x
* alpha - DEC Alpha AXP on Digital Unix 2.0, 3.2, 4.0
* BSD44_derived - OSs derived from 4.4-lite BSD (NetBSD, FreeBSD)
* bsdi - BSD/OS 2.0, 2.01, 2.1, 3.0
* bsdi - BSD/OS 2.x, 3.x, 4.x
* dgux - DG/UX 5.4R4.11
* hpux - HP PA-RISC on HP-UX 9.0, 10
* i386_solaris - i386 Solaris
@ -159,9 +157,6 @@ Section 1: General Questions
* svr4 - Intel x86 on Intel SVR4 and MIPS
* ultrix4 - DEC MIPS on Ultrix 4.4
The following platforms have known problems/bugs:
* nextstep - Motorola MC68K or Intel x86 on NeXTSTEP 3.2
1.3) Where can I get PostgreSQL?
The primary anonymous ftp site for PostgreSQL is:
@ -203,9 +198,8 @@ Section 1: General Questions
1.5) Support for PostgreSQL
There is no official support for PostgreSQL from the original
maintainers or from University of California, Berkeley. It is
maintained through volunteer effort only.
There is no official support for PostgreSQL from the University of
California, Berkeley. It is maintained through volunteer effort.
The main mailing list is: pgsql-general@postgreSQL.org. It is
available for discussion of matters pertaining to PostgreSQL, For info
@ -247,7 +241,7 @@ Section 1: General Questions
1.6) Latest release of PostgreSQL
The latest release of PostgreSQL is version 6.4 beta.
The latest release of PostgreSQL is version 6.4.
We plan to have major releases every four months.
@ -255,32 +249,31 @@ Section 1: General Questions
Illustra Information Technology (a wholly owned subsidiary of Informix
Software, Inc.) sells an object-relational DBMS called Illustra that
was originally based on postgres. Illustra has cosmetic similarities
to PostgreSQL but has more features, is more robust, performs better,
and offers real support. On the flip side, it costs money. For more
information, contact sales@illustra.com
was originally based on Postgres. For more information, contact
sales@illustra.com
1.8) What documentation is available for PostgreSQL?
Several manuals, manual pages, and some small test examples are
included in the distribution. See the /doc directory. The pgintro,
sql, and pgbuiltin manual pages are particularly important. pgintro
contains a list of all available manual pages.
included in the distribution. See the /doc directory.
psql has some nice \d commands to show information about types,
operators, functions, aggregates, etc.
The www page contains pointers to an implementation guide and five
papers written about Postgres design concepts and features.
The web page contains even more documentation.
1.9) What version of SQL does PostgreSQL use?
PostgreSQL supports an extended subset of SQL-92.
It is Y2K compliant.
1.10) Does PostgreSQL work with databases from earlier versions of
PostgreSQL?
Upgrading to 6.4 from earlier releases requires a dump and restore.
Upgrading to 6.4 from release 6.3.* can be accomplished using the new
pg_upgrade utility. Those upgrading from earlier releases require a
dump and restore.
Those ugrading from versions earlier than 1.09 must upgrade to 1.09
first without a dump/reload, then dump the data from 1.09, and then
@ -313,9 +306,9 @@ Section 1: General Questions
PHP is great for simple stuff, but for more complex stuff, some still
use the perl interface and CGI.pm.
An WWW gatway based on WDB using perl can be downloaded from:
* http://www.eol.ists.ca/~dunlop/wdb -p95
An WWW gatway based on WDB using perl can be downloaded from
http://www.eol.ists.ca/~dunlop/wdb-p95
1.13) Does PostgreSQL have a graphical user interface? A report generator? A
embedded query language interface?
@ -323,8 +316,8 @@ Section 1: General Questions
shipped as part of the distribtion. Pgaccess also has a report
generator.
We also have ecpg, which is an embedded SQL query language interface
for C. This is also included.
The web page is http://www.flex.ro/pgaccess We also include ecpg,
which is an embedded SQL query language interface for C.
1.14) How can I learn SQL?
@ -354,17 +347,15 @@ Section 2: Installation Questions
2.1) initdb doesn't run
* check that you don't have any of the previous version's binaries
in your path
in your path (If you see the message WARN:heap_modifytuple: repl
is \ 9, this is the problem.)
* check to see that you have the proper paths set
* check that the 'postgres' user owns all the right files
* ensure that there are files in $PGDATA/files, and that they are
non-empty. If they aren't, then "gmake install" failed for some
reason
* check that the postgres user owns the proper files
2.2) when I start up the postmaster, I get "FindBackend: could not find a
backend to execute..." "postmaster: could not find backend to execute..."
You probably do not have the right path set up. The 'postgres'
You probably do not have the right path set up. The postgres
executable needs to be in your path.
2.3) The system seems to be confused about commas, decimal points, and date
@ -383,7 +374,7 @@ Section 2: Installation Questions
It could be a variety of problems, but first check to see that you
have system V extensions installed on your kernel. PostgreSQL requires
kernel support for shared memory.
kernel support for shared memory and semaphores.
2.6) When I try to start the postmaster, I get IpcMemoryCreate errors.
@ -396,16 +387,16 @@ Section 2: Installation Questions
2.7) I have changed a source file, but a recompile does not see the change?
The Makefiles do not have the proper dependencies for include files.
You have to do a 'make clean' and then another 'make'.
You have to do a make clean and then another make.
2.8) How do I prevent other hosts from accessing my PostgreSQL database?
By default, PostgreSQL only allows connections from the local machine
using unix domain. You must add the -i flag to the postmaster, and
enable host-based authentication by modifying the file $PGDATA/pg_hba
accordingly.
using unix domain sockets. You must add the -i flag to the postmaster,
and enable host-based authentication by modifying the file
$PGDATA/pg_hba accordingly.
2.9) I can't access the database as the 'root' user.
2.9) I can't access the database as the root user.
You should not create database users with user id 0(root). They will
be unable to access the database. This is a security precaution
@ -419,28 +410,32 @@ Section 2: Installation Questions
2.11) How do I tune the database engine for better performance?
If you are doing a lot of INSERTs, consider doing them in a large
batch using the COPY command. This is much faster than single
individual INSERTs. Second, statements not in a BEGIN WORK/COMMIT
Certainly, indices can speed up queries. The explain command allows
you to see how PostgreSQL is interpreting your query, and which
indices are being used.
If you are doing a lot of inserts, consider doing them in a large
batch using the copy command. This is much faster than single
individual inserts. Second, statements not in a begin work/commit
transaction block are considered to be their in their own transaction.
Consider performing several statements in a single transaction block.
This reduces the transaction overhead. Also consider dropping and
recreating indexes when making large data changes.
recreating indices when making large data changes.
There are several tuning things that can be done. You can disable
fsync() by starting the postmaster with a '-o -F' option. This will
fsync() by starting the postmaster with a -o -F option. This will
prevent fsync()'s from flushing to disk after every transaction.
You can also use the postmaster -B option to increase the number of
shared memory buffers shared among the backend processes. If you make
this parameter too high, the process will not start or crash
unexpectedly. Each buffer is 8K and the defualt is 64 buffers.
shared memory buffers used by the backend processes. If you make this
parameter too high, the backends will not start or crash unexpectedly.
Each buffer is 8K and the default is 64 buffers.
You can also use the postgres -S option to increase the maximum amount
of memory used by each backend process for temporary sorts. Each
buffer is 1K and the defualt is 512 buffers.
You can also use the CLUSTER command to group data in base tables to
You can also use the cluster command to group data in base tables to
match an index. See the cluster(l) manual page for more details.
2.12) What debugging features are available in PostgreSQL?
@ -460,14 +455,14 @@ Section 2: Installation Questions
./bin/postmaster >server.log 2>&1 &
This will put a server.log file in the top-level PostgreSQL directory.
This file can contain useful information about problems or errors
This file contains useful information about problems or errors
encountered by the server. Postmaster has a -d option that allows even
more detailed information to be reported. The -d option takes a number
1-3 that specifies the debug level. Be warned that a debug level of 3
that specifies the debug level. Be warned that high debug level values
generates large log files.
You can actuall run the postgres backend from the command line, and
type your SQL statement directly. This is recommended ONLY for
You can actually run the postgres backend from the command line, and
type your SQL statement directly. This is recommended only for
debugging purposes. Note that a newline terminates the query, not a
semicolon. If you have compiled with debugging symbols, you can use a
debugger to see what is happening. Because the backend was not started
@ -484,9 +479,6 @@ Section 2: Installation Questions
pgsql/data/base/dbname directory. The client profile file will be put
in the current directory.
The EXPLAIN command (see this FAQ) allows you to see how PostgreSQL is
interpreting your query.
2.13) How do I enable more than 64 concurrent backends?
Edit include/storage/sinvaladt.h, and change the value of
@ -503,24 +495,22 @@ Section 2: Installation Questions
A file win32.mak is included in the distributiion for making a Win32
libpq library and psql.
People have attempted to port our PostgreSQL database server to
Windows NT using the Cygnus Unix/NT porting library, but no one has
succeeded yet.
Someone is attempting to port our PostgreSQL database server to
Windows NT using the Cygnus Unix/NT porting library. He has gotten it
compiled, but initdb is currently failing.
_________________________________________________________________
Section 3: PostgreSQL Features
3.1) Does PostgreSQL support nested subqueries?
Yes.
Yes, fully supported, but only in the where clause, not in the target
list.
3.2) How can I write client applications to PostgreSQL?
3.2) How can I write client applications for PostgreSQL?
PostgreSQL supports a C-callable library interface called libpq as
well as many others. See the /src/interfaces directory.
Others have contributed a perl interface and a WWW gateway to
PostgreSQL. See the PostgreSQL home pages for more details.
well as many others. See the above list of supported languages.
3.3) How do I set up a pg_group?
@ -552,7 +542,7 @@ Section 3: PostgreSQL Features
handle range searches. A B-tree index only handles range searches in a
single dimension. R-tree's can handle multi-dimensional data. For
example, if an R-tree index can be built on an attribute of type
'point', the system can more efficient answer queries like select all
point, the system can more efficient answer queries like select all
points within a bounding rectangle.
The canonical paper that describes the original R-Tree design is:
@ -582,23 +572,19 @@ Section 3: PostgreSQL Features
3.7) I defined indices but my queries don't seem to make use of them. Why?
PostgreSQL does not automatically maintain statistics. One has to make
an explicit 'vacuum' call to update the statistics. After statistics
are updated, the optimizer has a better shot at using indices. Note
that the optimizer is limited and does not use indices in some
circumstances (such as OR clauses). For column-specific optimization
statistics, use 'vacuum analyze'.
an explicit vacuum call to update the statistics. After statistics are
updated, the optimizer knows how many rows in the table, and can
better decide if it should use indices. Note that the optimizer does
not use indices in cases when the table is small because a sequentail
scan would be faster. For column-specific optimization statistics, use
vacuum analyze.
If the system still does not see the index, it is probably because you
have created an index on a field with the improper *_ops type. For
example, you have created a CHAR(4) field, but have specified a
char_ops index type_class.
Indexes are not used for order by operations.
See the create_index manual page for information on what type classes
are available. It must match the field type.
PostgreSQL does not warn the user when the improper index is created.
Indexes not used for ORDER BY operations.
When using wildcard operators like LIKE or ~, indices can only be used
if the beginning of the search is anchored to the start of the string.
So, to use indices, LIKE searches can should not begin with %, and
~(regular expression searches) should start with ^.
3.8) How do I do regular expression searches? case-insensitive regexp
searching?
@ -623,11 +609,11 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length array of bytes
You need to use the internal name when doing internal operations.
The last four types above are "varlena" types (i.e. the first four
bytes are the length, followed by the data). CHAR(#) allocates the
bytes are the length, followed by the data). char(#) allocates the
maximum number of bytes no matter how much data is stored in the
field. TEXT, VARCHAR(#), and BYTEA all have variable length on the
field. text, varchar(#), and bytea all have variable length on the
disk, and because of this, there is a small performance penalty for
using them. Specifically, the penalty is for access to any columns
using them. Specifically, the penalty is for access to all columns
after the first column of this type.
3.11) In a query, how do I detect if a field is NULL?
@ -640,39 +626,17 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length array of bytes
3.13) How do I create a serial/auto-incrementing field?
PostgreSQL does not allow the user to specifiy a user column as type
SERIAL. Instead, you can use each row's oid field as a unique value.
However, if you need to dump and reload the database, you need to use
pgdump's -o option or COPY's WITH OIDS option to preserver the oids.
We also have a SEQUENCE function that is very similar to SERIAL. See
the create_sequence manual page.
Another valid way of doing this is to create a function:
create table my_oids (f1 int4);
insert into my_oids values (1);
create function new_oid () returns int4 as
'update my_oids set f1 = f1 + 1; select f1 from my_oids; '
language 'sql';
then:
create table my_stuff (my_key int4, value text);
insert into my_stuff values (new_oid(), 'hello');
However, keep in mind there is a race condition here where one server
could do the update, then another one do an update, and they both
could select the same new id. This statement should be performed
within a transaction.
Yet another way is to use general trigger function autoinc() from
contrib/spi/autoinc.c.
PostgreSQL supports a serial data type. It auto-creates a sequence and
index on the column. See the create_sequence manual page for more
information about sequences. You can also use each row's oid field as
a unique value. However, if you need to dump and reload the database,
you need to use pgdump's -o option or copy with oids option to
preserve the oids.
3.14) What are the pg_psort.XXX files in my database directory?
They are temporary sort files generated by the query executor. For
example, if a sort needs to be done to satisfy an ORDER BY, some temp
example, if a sort needs to be done to satisfy an order by, some temp
files are generated as a result of the sort.
If you have no transactions or sorts running at the time, it is safe
@ -685,28 +649,27 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length array of bytes
postmaster -i option You need to add a host entry to the file
pgsql/data/pg_hba. See the pg_hba.conf manual page.
3.16) How do I find out what indexes or operations are defined in the
3.16) How do I find out what indices or operations are defined in the
database?
psql has a variety of backslash commands to show such information. Use
\? to see them.
Also try the file pgsql/src/tutorial/syscat.source. It illustrates
many of the 'select's needed to get information out of the database
many of the selects needed to get information out of the database
system tables.
3.17) What is an oid? What is a tid?
Oids are PostgreSQL's answer to unique row ids or serial columns.
Every row that is created in PostgreSQL gets a unique oid. All oids
generated by initdb are less than 16384 (from
backend/access/transam.h). All post-initdb (user-created) oids are
equal or greater that this. By default, all these oids are unique not
only within a table, or database, but unique within the entire
PostgreSQL installation.
Oids are PostgreSQL's answer to unique row ids. Every row that is
created in PostgreSQL gets a unique oid. All oids generated during
initdb are less than 16384 (from backend/access/transam.h). All
user-created oids are equal or greater that this. By default, all
these oids are unique not only within a table, or database, but unique
within the entire PostgreSQL installation.
PostgreSQL uses oids in its internal system tables to link rows in
separate tables. These oids can be used to identify specific user rows
PostgreSQL uses oids in its internal system tables to link rows
between tables. These oids can be used to identify specific user rows
and used in joins. It is recommended you use column type oid to store
oid values. See the sql(l) manual page to see the other internal
columns. You can create an index on the oid field for faster access.
@ -720,8 +683,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length array of bytes
Tids are used to indentify specific physical rows with block and
offset values. Tids change after rows are modified or reloaded. They
are used by index entries to point to physical rows. They can not be
accessed through sql.
are used by index entries to point to physical rows.
3.18) What is the meaning of some of the terms used in PostgreSQL?
@ -737,8 +699,6 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length array of bytes
* portal, cursor
* range variable, table name, table alias
Please let me know if you think of any more.
3.19) What is Genetic Query Optimization?
The GEQO module in PostgreSQL is intended to solve the query
@ -750,7 +710,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length array of bytes
3.20) How do you remove a column from a table?
We do not support ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN, but do this:
We do not support alter table drop column, but do this:
SELECT ... -- select all columns but the one you want to remove
INTO TABLE new_table
@ -758,15 +718,14 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length array of bytes
DROP TABLE old_table;
ALTER TABLE new_table RENAME TO old_table;
3.21) How do SELECT only the first few rows of a query?
3.21) How do I select only the first few rows of a query?
See the fetch manual page.
This only prevents all row results from being transfered to the
client. The entire query must be evaluated, even if you only want just
the first few rows. Consider a query that has and an ORDER BY. There
is no way to return any rows until the entire query is evaluated and
sorted.
the first few rows. Consider a query that has an order by. There is no
way to return any rows until the entire query is evaluated and sorted.
3.22)How much database disk space is required to store data from a typical
flat file?
@ -812,10 +771,10 @@ being indexed, so they can be large also.
Depending on your shell, only one of these may succeed, but it will
set your process data segment limit much higher and perhaps allow the
query to complete. This command applies the current process, and all
subprocesses created after the command is run. If are having a problem
with the SQL client because the backend is returning too much data,
try it before starting the client.
query to complete. This command applies to the current process, and
all subprocesses created after the command is run. If are having a
problem with the SQL client because the backend is returning too much
data, try it before starting the client.
3.25) How do I tell what PostgreSQL version I am running?
@ -848,9 +807,8 @@ Section 4: Extending PostgreSQL
4.4) How do I write a C function to return a tuple?
This requires extreme wizardry, so extreme that the authors have not
ever tried it, though in principle it can be done. The short answer is
... you can't. This capability is forthcoming in the future.
This requires extreme wizardry so extreme that the authors have not
ever tried it, though in principle it can be done.
_________________________________________________________________
Section 5: Bugs
@ -860,9 +818,7 @@ Section 5: Bugs
Check the current FAQ at http://postgreSQL.org
Also check out our ftp site ftp://ftp.postgreSQL.org/pub to see if
there is a more recent PostgreSQL version.
there is a more recent PostgreSQL version or patches.
You can also fill out the "bug-template" file and send it to:
* bugs@postgreSQL.org
This is the address of the developers mailing list.
bugs@postgreSQL.org

377
doc/FAQ_DEV
View File

@ -1,35 +1,40 @@
Developer's Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL
Last updated: Wed Feb 11 20:23:01 EST 1998
Current maintainer: Bruce Momjian (maillist@candle.pha.pa.us)
The most recent version of this document can be viewed at the postgreSQL Web
site, http://postgreSQL.org.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Questions answered:
1) What tools are available for developers?
2) What books are good for developers?
3) Why do we use palloc() and pfree() to allocate memory?
4) Why do we use Node and List to make data structures?
5) How do I add a feature or fix a bug?
6) How do I download/update the current source tree?
7) How do I test my changes?
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) What tools are available for developers?
Aside from the User documentation mentioned in the regular FAQ, there
are several development tools available. First, all the files in the
pgsql/src/tools directory are designed for developers.
Developer's Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL
Last updated: Fri Oct 2 15:21:32 EDT 1998
Current maintainer: Bruce Momjian (maillist@candle.pha.pa.us)
The most recent version of this document can be viewed at the
postgreSQL Web site, http://postgreSQL.org.
_________________________________________________________________
Questions
1) What tools are available for developers?
2) What books are good for developers?
3) Why do we use palloc() and pfree() to allocate memory?
4) Why do we use Node and List to make data structures?
5) How do I add a feature or fix a bug?
6) How do I download/update the current source tree?
7) How do I test my changes?
7) I just added a field to a structure. What else should I do?
8) Why are table, column, type, function, view names sometimes
referenced as Name or NameData, and sometimes as char *?
9) How do I efficiently access information in tables from the backend
code?
10) What is elog()?
_________________________________________________________________
1) What tools are available for developers?
Aside from the User documentation mentioned in the regular FAQ, there
are several development tools available. First, all the files in the
/tools directory are designed for developers.
RELEASE_CHANGES changes we have to make for each release
SQL_keywords standard SQL'92 keywords
backend web flowchart of the backend directories
backend description/flowchart of the backend directorie
s
ccsym find standard defines made by your compiler
entab converts tabs to spaces, used by pgindent
find_static finds functions that could be made static
@ -42,104 +47,230 @@ pgsql/src/tools directory are designed for developers.
mkldexport create AIX exports file
pgindent indents C source files
Let me note some of these. If you point your browser at the
pgsql/src/tools/backend directory, you will see all the backend
components in a flow chart. You can click on any one to see a
description. If you then click on the directory name, you will be taken
to the source directory, to browse the actual source code behind it. We
also have several README files in some source directories to describe
the function of the module. The browser will display these when you
enter the directory also. The pgsql/src/tools/backend directory is also
contained on our web page under the title Backend Flowchart.
Let me note some of these. If you point your browser at the
file:/usr/local/src/pgsql/src/tools/backend/index.html directory, you
will see few paragraphs describing the data flow, the backend
components in a flow chart, and a description of the shared memory
area. You can click on any flowchart box to see a description. If you
then click on the directory name, you will be taken to the source
directory, to browse the actual source code behind it. We also have
several README files in some source directories to describe the
function of the module. The browser will display these when you enter
the directory also. The tools/backend directory is also contained on
our web page under the title How PostgreSQL Processes a Query.
Second, you really should have an editor that can handle tags, so you
can tag a function call to see the function definition, and then tag
inside that function to see an even lower-level function, and then
back out twice to return to the original function. Most editors
support this via tags or etags files.
Third, you need to get mkid from ftp.postgresql.org. By running
tools/make_mkid, an archive of source symbols can be created that can
be rapidly queried like grep or edited.
make_diff has tools to create patch diff files that can be applied to
the distribution.
pgindent will format source files to match our standard format, which
has four-space tabs, and an indenting format specified by flags to the
your operating system's utility indent.
pgindent is run on all source files just before each beta test period.
It auto-formats all source files to make them consistent. Comment
blocks that need specific line breaks should be formatted as block
comments, where the comment starts as /*------. These comments will
not be reformatted in any way.
2) What books are good for developers?
I have four good books, An Introduction to Database Systems, by C.J.
Date, Addison, Wesley, A Guide to the SQL Standard, by C.J. Date, et.
al, Addison, Wesley, Fundamentals of Database Systems, by Elmasri and
Navathe, and Transaction Processing, by Jim Gray, Morgan, Kaufmann
There is also a database performance site, with a handbook on-line
written by Jim Gray at http://www.benchmarkresources.com.
3) Why do we use palloc() and pfree() to allocate memory?
palloc() and pfree() are used in place of malloc() and free() because
we automatically free all memory allocated when a transaction
completes. This makes it easier to make sure we free memory that gets
allocated in one place, but only freed much later. There are several
contexts that memory can be allocated in, and this controls when the
allocated memory is automatically freed by the backend.
4) Why do we use Node and List to make data structures?
We do this because this allows a consistent way to pass data inside
the backend in a flexible way. Every node has a NodeTag which
specifies what type of data is inside the Node. Lists are lists of
Nodes. lfirst(), lnext(), and foreach() are used to get, skip, and
traverse through Lists.
You can print nodes easily inside gdb. First, to disable output
truncation:
Second, you really should have an editor that can handle tags, so you can
tag a function call to see the function definition, and then tag inside that
function to see an even lower-level function, and then back out twice to
return to the original function. Most editors support this via tags or etags
files.
(gdb) set print elements 0
Third, you need to get mkid from ftp.postgresql.org. By running
tools/make_mkid, an archive of source symbols can be created that can be
rapidly queried like grep or edited.
You may then use either of the next two commands to print out List,
Node, and structure contents. The first prints in a short format, and
the second in a long format:
make_diff has tools to create patch diff files that can be applied to the
distribution.
(gdb) call print(any_pointer)
(gdb) call pprint(any_pointer)
pgindent will format source files to match our standard format, which has
four-space tabs, and an indenting format specified by flags to the your
operating system's utility indent.
5) How do I add a feature or fix a bug?
The source code is over 250,000 lines. Many problems/features are
isolated to one specific area of the code. Others require knowledge of
much of the source. If you are confused about where to start, ask the
hackers list, and they will be glad to assess the complexity and give
pointers on where to start.
Another thing to keep in mind is that many fixes and features can be
added with surprisingly little code. I often start by adding code,
then looking at other areas in the code where similar things are done,
and by the time I am finished, the patch is quite small and compact.
When adding code, keep in mind that it should use the existing
facilities in the source, for performance reasons and for simplicity.
Often a review of existing code doing similar things is helpful.
6) How do I download/update the current source tree?
There are several ways to obtain the source tree. Occasional
developers can just get the most recent source tree snapshot from
ftp.postgresql.org. For regular developers, you can use CVS. CVS
allows you to download the source tree, then occasionally update your
copy of the source tree with any new changes. Using CVS, you don't
have to download the entire source each time, only the changed files.
Anonymous CVS does not allows developers to update the remote source
tree, though privileged developers can do this. There is a CVS FAQ on
our web site that describes how to use remote CVS. You can also use
CVSup, which has similarly functionality, and is available from
ftp.postgresql.org.
To update the source tree, there are two ways. You can generate a
patch against your current source tree, perhaps using the make_diff
tools mentioned above, and send them to the patches list. They will be
reviewed, and applied in a timely manner. If the patch is major, and
we are in beta testing, the developers may wait for the final release
before applying your patches.
For hard-core developers, Marc(scrappy@postgresql.org) will give you a
Unix shell account on postgresql.org, so you can use CVS to update the
main source tree, or you can ftp your files into your account, patch,
and cvs install the changes directly into the source tree.
6) How do I test my changes?
First, use psql to make sure it is working as you expect. Then run
src/test/regress and get the output of src/test/regress/checkresults
with and without your changes, to see that your patch does not change
the regression test in unexpected ways. This practice has saved me
many times. The regression tests test the code in ways I would never
do, and has caught many bugs in my patches. By finding the problems
now, you save yourself a lot of debugging later when things are
broken, and you can't figure out when it happened.
7) I just added a field to a structure. What else should I do?
The structures passing around from the parser, rewrite, optimizer, and
executor require quite a bit of support. Most structures have support
routines in src/backend/nodes used to create, copy, read, and output
those structures. Make sure you add support for your new field to
these files. Find any other places the structure may need code for
your new field. mkid is helpful with this (see above).
8) Why are table, column, type, function, view names sometimes referenced as
Name or NameData, and sometimes as char *?
Table, column, type, function, and view names are stored in system
tables in columns of type Name. Name is a fixed-length,
null-terminated type of NAMEDATALEN bytes. (The default value for
NAMEDATALEN is 32 bytes.)
typedef struct nameData
{
char data[NAMEDATALEN];
} NameData;
typedef NameData *Name;
2) What books are good for developers?
Table, column, type, function, and view names that come in to the
backend via user queries are stored as variable-length,
null-terminated character strings.
Many functions are called with both types of names, ie. heap_open().
Because the Name type is null-terminated, it is safe to pass it to a
function expecting a char *. Because there are many cases where
on-disk names(Name) are compared to user-supplied names(char *), there
are many cases where Name and char * are used interchangeably.
9) How do I efficiently access information in tables from the backend code?
You first need to find the tuples(rows) you are interested in. There
are two ways. First, SearchSysCacheTuple() and related functions allow
you to query the system catalogs. This is the preferred way to access
system tables, because the first call to the cache loads the needed
rows, and future requests can return the results without accessing the
base table. Some of the caches use system table indexes to look up
tuples. A list of available caches is located in
src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c.
src/backend/utils/cache/lsyscache.c contains many column-specific
cache lookup functions.
The rows returned are cached-owned versions of the heap rows. They are
invalidated when the base table changes. Because the cache is local to
each backend, you may use the pointer returned from the cache for
short periods without making a copy of the tuple. If you send the
pointer into a large function that will be doing its own cache
lookups, it is possible the cache entry may be flushed, so you should
use SearchSysCacheTupleCopy() in these cases, and pfree() the tuple
when you are done.
If you can't use the system cache, you will need to retrieve the data
directly from the heap table, using the buffer cache that is shared by
all backends. The backend automatically takes care of loading the rows
into the buffer cache.
Open the table with heap_open(). You can then start a table scan with
heap_beginscan(), then use heap_getnext() and continue as long as
HeapTupleIsValid() returns true. Then do a heap_endscan(). Keys can be
assigned to the scan. No indexes are used, so all rows are going to be
compared to the keys, and only the valid rows returned.
You can also use heap_fetch() to fetch rows by block number/offset.
While scans automatically lock/unlock rows from the buffer cache, with
heap_fetch(), you must pass a Buffer pointer, and ReleaseBuffer() it
when completed. Once you have the row, you can get data that is common
to all tuples, like t_ctid and t_oid, by mererly accessing the
HeapTuple structure entries. If you need a table-specific column, you
should take the HeapTuple pointer, and use the GETSTRUCT() macro to
access the table-specific start of the tuple. You then cast the
pointer as a Form_pg_proc pointer if you are accessing the pg_proc
table, or TypeTupleForm if you are accessing pg_type. You can then
access the columns by using a structure pointer:
I have three good books, An Introduction to Database Systems, by C.J. Date,
Addison, Wesley, A Guide to the SQL Standard, by C.J. Date, et. al,
Addison, Wesley, and Transaction Processing: Concepts and Techniques,
by Jim Gray and Andreas Reuter, Morgan, Kaufmann.
((Form_pg_class) GETSTRUCT(tuple))->relnatts
3) Why do we use palloc() and pfree() to allocate memory?
palloc() and pfree() are used in place of malloc() and free() because we
automatically free all memory allocated when a transaction completes. This
makes it easier to make sure we free memory that gets allocated in one
place, but only freed much later. There are several contexts that memory can
be allocated in, and this controls when the allocated memory is
automatically freed by the backend.
4) Why do we use Node and List to make data structures?
We do this because this allows a consistent way to pass data inside the
backend in a flexible way. Every node has a NodeTag which specifies what
type of data is inside the Node. Lists are lists of Nodes. lfirst(),
lnext(), and foreach() are used to get, skip, and traverse through Lists.
5) How do I add a feature or fix a bug?
The source code is over 250,000 lines. Many problems/features are isolated
to one specific area of the code. Others require knowledge of much of the
source. If you are confused about where to start, ask the hackers list, and
they will be glad to assess the complexity and give pointers on where to
start.
Another thing to keep in mind is that many fixes and features can be added
with surprisingly little code. I often start by adding code, then looking at
other areas in the code where similar things are done, and by the time I am
finished, the patch is quite small and compact.
When adding code, keep in mind that it should use the existing facilities in
the source, for performance reasons and for simplicity. Often a review of
existing code doing similar things is helpful.
6) How do I download/update the current source tree?
There are several ways to obtain the source tree. Occasional developers can
just get the most recent source tree snapshot from ftp.postgresql.org. For
regular developers, you can use CVSup, which is available from
ftp.postgresql.org too. CVSup allows you to download the source tree, then
occasionally update your copy of the source tree with any new changes. Using
CVSup, you don't have to download the entire source each time, only the
changed files. CVSup does not allow developers to update the source tree.
Anonymous CVS is available too. See the doc/FAQ_CVS file for more
information.
To update the source tree, there are two ways. You can generate a patch
against your current source tree, perhaps using the make_diff tools
mentioned above, and send them to the patches list. They will be reviewed,
and applied in a timely manner. If the patch is major, and we are in beta
testing, the developers may wait for the final release before applying your
patches.
For hard-core developers, Marc(scrappy@postgresql.org) will give you a Unix
shell account on postgresql.org, and you can ftp your files into your
account, patch, and cvs install the changes directly into the source tree.
6) How do I test my changes?
First, use psql to make sure it is working as you expect. Then run
src/test/regress and get the output of src/test/regress/checkresults with
and without your changes, to see that your patch does not change the
regression test in unexpected ways. This practice has saved me many times.
The regression tests test the code in ways I would never do, and has caught
many bugs in my patches. By finding the problems now, you save yourself a
lot of debugging later when things are broken, and you can't figure out when
it happened.
You should not directly change live tuples in this way. The best way
is to use heap_tuplemodify() and pass it your palloc'ed tuple, and the
values you want changed. It returns another palloc'ed tuple, which you
pass to heap_replace(). You can delete tuples by passing the tuple's
t_ctid to heap_destroy(). Remember, tuples can be either system cache
versions, which may go away soon after you get them, buffer cache
version, which will go away when you heap_getnext(), heap_endscan, or
ReleaseBuffer(), in the heap_fetch() case. Or it may be a palloc'ed
tuple, that you must pfree() when finished.
10) What is elog()?
elog() is used to send messages to the front-end, and optionally
terminate the current query being processed. The first parameter is an
elog level of NOTICE, DEBUG, ERROR, or FATAL. NOTICE prints on the
user's terminal and the postmaster logs. DEBUG prints only in the
postmaster logs. ERROR prints in both places, and terminates the
current query, never returning from the call. FATAL terminates the
backend process. The remaining parameters of elog are a printf-style
set of parameters to print.

88
doc/TODO
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
TODO list for PostgreSQL
========================
Last updated: Sat Aug 29 17:43:10 EDT 1998
Last updated: Sat Oct 24 00:11:58 EDT 1998
Current maintainer: Bruce Momjian (maillist@candle.pha.pa.us)
@ -19,18 +19,13 @@ Developers who have claimed items are:
* Bryan is Bryan Henderson<bryanh@giraffe.netgate.net>
* D'Arcy is D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@druid.net>
* Dan is Dan McGuirk <mcguirk@indirect.com>
* Daniel is Daniel Kalchev <daniel@digsys.bg>
* Darren is Darren King <darrenk@insightdist.com>
* David is David Hartwig <daveh@insightdist.com>
* Edmund is Edmund Mergl <E.Mergl@bawue.de>
* Erich Stamberger <eberger@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at>
* Gerhard is Gerhard Reithofer <gerhardr@tech-edv.co.at>
* Goran is Goran Thyni <goran@bildbasen.se>
* Henry is Henry B. Hotz <hotz@jpl.nasa.gov>
* Igor is Igor <igor@sba.miami.edu>
* Jan is Jan Wieck <wieck@sapserv.debis.de>
* Jun is Jun Kuwamura <juk@rccm.co.jp>
* Kurt is "Kurt J. Lidl" <lidl@va.pubnix.com>
* Maarten is Maarten Boekhold <maartenb@dutepp0.et.tudelft.nl>
* Marc is Marc Fournier <scrappy@hub.org>
* Martin is Martin S. Utesch <utesch@aut.tu-freiberg.de>
@ -38,20 +33,17 @@ Developers who have claimed items are:
* Michael is Michael Meskes <meskes@debian.org>
* Oleg is Oleg Bartunov <oleg@sai.msu.su>
* Paul is Paul M. Aoki <aoki@CS.Berkeley.EDU>
* Patrick is Patrick van Kleef <pvk@pobox.com>
* Peter is Peter T Mount <peter@retep.org.uk>
* Phil is Phil Thompson <phil@river-bank.demon.co.uk>
* Raymond is Raymond Toy <toy@rtp.ericsson.se>
* Ryan is Ryan Kirkpatrick <rkirkpat@nag.cs.colorado.edu>
* Soo-Ho Ok <shok@detc.dongeui-tc.ac.kr>
* Stefan Simkovics <ssimkovi@rainbow.studorg.tuwien.ac.at>
* Sven is Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@breughel.ufsia.ac.be>
* Tatsuo is Tatsuo Ishii <t-ishii@sra.co.jp>
* Tom is Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
* Thomas is Thomas Lockhart <tgl@mythos.jpl.nasa.gov>
* Todd is Todd Brandys is <brandys@eng3.hep.uiuc.edu>
* TomH is Tom I Helbekkmo <tih@Hamartun.Priv.NO>
* Vadim is "Vadim B. Mikheev" <vadim@sable.krasnoyarsk.su>
* Vivek is Vivek Khera <khera@kci.kciLink.com>
Additional 6.4 developers include:
---------------------------------
@ -63,13 +55,15 @@ Additional 6.4 developers include:
* Aldrin L. <aldrin@americasnet.com>
* Pascal ANDRE <andre@via.ecp.fr>
* Magnus Hagander <mha@edu.sollentuna.se>
* Robert Bruccoleri <bruc@pluto.njcc.com>
* Paul A Vixie <paul@vix.com>
* Jacek Lasecki <jacek@sound.eti.pg.gda.pl>
RELIABILITY
-----------
* Overhaul mdmgr/smgr to fix double unlinking and double opens, cleanup
* Overhaul bufmgr/lockmgr/transaction manager
* Remove EXTEND?
* -CREATE VIEW requires super-user priviledge
* Can lo_export()/lo_import() read/write anywhere, causing a security problem?
* Tables that start with xinv confused to be large objects
* Two and three dimmensional arrays display improperly, missing {}
@ -78,7 +72,6 @@ RELIABILITY
* SELECT * FROM table WHERE int4_column = '1' fails
* SELECT a[1] FROM test fails, it needs test.a[1]
* UPDATE table SET table.value = 3 fails
* -Make pg_dump preserve inheritance column order, do non-inherits first
* User who can create databases can modify pg_database table
* optimizer memory exhaustion with many OR's
* elog() does not free all its memory(Jan)
@ -89,7 +82,6 @@ RELIABILITY
* allow UPDATE using aggregate to affect all rows, not just one
* computations in views fail:
create view test as select usesysid * usesysid from pg_shadow;
* select upper(usename), count(usesysid) from pg_shadow group by 1 fails
ENHANCEMENTS
------------
@ -99,9 +91,7 @@ ENHANCEMENTS
* Allow transaction commits with rollback with no-fsync performance
* More access control over who can create tables and access the database
* Add full ANSI SQL capabilities
* -Implement HAVING clause(Stephan)
* add OUTER joins, left and right (Thomas)
* -make VIEWs updateable where possible(use Rules)
* add INTERSECTS, SUBTRACTS(Stephan)
* add temporary tables
* add sql3 recursive unions
@ -111,8 +101,6 @@ ENHANCEMENTS
* DOMAIN capability
* Allow compression of large fields or a compressed field type
* Fix the rules system(Jan,Soo-Ho)
* -robust
* -making INSTEAD rules work
* add CONSTRAINT
* Full set of text operations and functions
* word searches, concat,max() on text, char
@ -126,10 +114,8 @@ ENHANCEMENTS
* Make MONEY/DECIMAL have a defined precision
* Fix tables >2G, or report error when 2G size reached
(fix lseek()/off_t, mdextend()/RELSEG_SIZE)
* -Allow libpq to cancel query requests
* Add REGEX internationalization
* allow row re-use without vacuum, maybe?(Vadim)
* -Remove restriction that ORDER BY field must be in SELECT list(David)
* Add word index for text fields, maybe with trigrams, i.e.:
* ' (cat | dog) & ! fox ' meaning text has cat aor dog, but not fox
* Populate backend status area and write program to dump status data
@ -186,19 +172,29 @@ ENHANCEMENTS
* allow creation of functional indexes to use default types
* put sort files, large objects in their on directory
* CREATE VIEW myview (name) AS SELECT lname FROM wages fails
* do autocommit so always in a transaction block
* add SIMILAR TO to allow character classes, 'pg_[a-c]%'
* allow function isnull(val,'string') to return string if value is null
* multi-verion concurrency control(Vadim)
* improve reporting of syntax errors by showing location of error in query
* allow chaining of pages to allow >8k tuples
* no min/max for oid type
* remove un-needed conversion functions
PERFORMANCE
-----------
* Use indexes in ORDER BY for restrictive data sets, min(), max()
* Allow LIMIT ability on single-table queries that have no ORDER BY or
a matching index
* Pull requested data directly from indexes, bypassing heap data
* Prevent psort() usage when query already using index matching ORDER BY
* Optimizing disjunctive queries
* Fix bushy-plans
* Other optimizer bugs
* Prevent fsync in SELECT-only queries
* Cache most recent query plan(s?)
* Shared catalog cache, reduce lseek()'s by caching table size in shared area
* Allow compression of log and meta data
* Add FILLFACTOR to index creation
* -Allow indexes to be used with OR clauses(Bruce)
* update pg_statistic table to remove operator column
* make index creation use psort code, because it is now faster(Vadim)
* remove fork()/exec() of backend and make it just fork()
@ -213,15 +209,15 @@ PERFORMANCE
* use mmap() rather than SYSV shared memory(?)
* use index to restrict rows returned by multi-key index when used with
non-consecutive keys or OR clauses, so fewer heap accesses
* use index with constants on functions
DOCUMENTATION
-------------
* Update usermanual source(many)
* added features used in grammer but not in docs, like :: and CAST
* update libpq++ and pginterface manual page
* Add keyword list to documentation, already in /tools
* Add 'man pgsql' to show all manual page names
* Add use of 'const' for varibles in source tree
=============================================================================
@ -246,12 +242,13 @@ Fix a bug in the oracle compatibility functions btrim() ltrim() and rtrim()
Fix for usernames longer than eight characters(Tom)
Fix for shared invalidation cache overflow(Massimo)
Prevent file descriptor leaks in failed COPY's(Bruce)
Fix problem with username/passwords over 8 characters(Tom)
Enhancements
------------
Upgrade ECPG to 2.0, see src/interfaces/ecpc/ChangeLog(Michael)
Upgrade ecpg and ecpglib,see src/interfaces/ecpc/ChangeLog(Michael)
Show the index used in an explain(Zeugswetter)
Multi-byte awareness of many data data types and functions(Tatsuo)
Multi-byte awareness of many data types and functions, via configure(Tatsuo)
New configure --with-mb option(Tatsuo)
New initdb --pgencoding option(Tatsuo)
New createdb -E multibyte option(Tatsuo)
@ -289,6 +286,8 @@ Pg_hba.conf now has a sameuser option in the database field
Make lo_unlink take oid param, not int4
New DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO for compilers that can't handle our macros(Bruce)
Libpgtcl now gets async notifies from libpq(Tom)
libpgtcl cleanups(Tom)
New locale patch, see docs/README/locale(Oleg)
Fix for pg_dump so CONSTRAINT and CHECK syntax is correct(ccb)
New contrib/lo code for large object orphan removal(Peter)
@ -299,8 +298,9 @@ Libpq can now be compiled on win32(Magnus)
Add PQsetdbLogin() in libpq
Two styles we agreed upon for database descriptors(Thomas)
New 8-byte integer type, checked by configure for OS support(Thomas)
Better support for quited table/column names(Thomas)
Surround table and column names with double-quotes(Thomas) in generated
sql code to preserve case (SQL92 syntax)(Thomas)
sql code to preserve case (SQL92 syntax)(Thomas)
New libpqrequestCancel(Tom)
PQreset() now works with passwords(Tom)
Handle case of GROUP BY target list column number out of range(David)
@ -343,9 +343,13 @@ New rewrite system fixes many problems with rules and views(Jan)
* Rules and views inherit the permissions on the creator
* No rules at the column level
* No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
* New pg_rule and pg_view system views
* New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
* Only a single action on SELECT rules
* Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
* handle subselects
* handle aggregates on views
* handle insert into select from view works
*
System indexes are now multi-key(Bruce)
Oidint2, oidint4, and oidname types are removed(Bruce)
@ -358,9 +362,27 @@ New setval() command to set sequence value(Massimo)
Auto-remove unix socket file on startup if no postmaster running(Massimo)
Conditional trace package(Massimo)
New UNLISTEN command(Massimo)
Psql now compiles under win32 using win32.mak(Magnus)
Psql and libpq now compile under win32 using win32.mak(Magnus)
Lo_read no longer stores trailing NULL(Bruce)
Identifiers are now truncated to 31 characters internally(Bruce)
Createuser options now availble on the command line
PL/pgSQL backend programming language(Jan)
Code for 64-bit integer supported added, configure tested, int8 type(Thomas)
Prevent file descriptor leaf from failed COPY(Bruce)
New pg_upgrade command(Bruce)
Updated /contrib directories(Massimo)
New CREATE TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
New INSERT INTO TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
New DECLARE and FETCH feature(Thomas)
libpq's internal structures now not exported(Tom)
Allow up to 8 key indexes(Bruce)
Remove ARCHIVE keyword, that is no longer used(Thomas)
pg_dump -n flag to supress quotes around indentifiers
disable system columns for views(Jan)
net INET and CIDR types for network addresses(TomH, Paul)
no more double quotes in psql output
pg_dump now dumps views(Terry)
new SET QUERY_LIMIT(Tatsuo,Jan)
Source Tree Changes
-------------------
@ -380,8 +402,16 @@ Update backend flowchart in tools/backend(Bruce)
Change atttypmod from int16 to int32(Bruce, Tom)
Getrusage() fix for platforms that do not have it(Tom)
Add PGUSER to libpq man page
Ns32k platform fixes(Phil Nelson)
NS32K platform fixes(Phil Nelson, John Buller)
Sco 7/UnixWare 2.x fixes(Billy,others)
Sparc/Solaris 2.5 fixes(Ryan)
Pgbuiltin.3 is obsolete, move to doc files(Thomas)
Even more documention(Thomas)
Nextstep support(Jacek)
Aix support(David)
pginterface manual page(Bruce)
shared libraries all have version numbers
merged all OS-specific shared library defines into one file
smarter TCL/TK configuration checking(Billy)
smarter perl configuration(Brook)