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Miscellaneous updates and minor copy-editing.
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Tom Lane
parent
3311e250cd
commit
27b5a8ef0f
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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<!--
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$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml,v 1.57 2001/03/16 05:44:33 tgl Exp $
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$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml,v 1.58 2001/03/24 00:24:26 tgl Exp $
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-->
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<Chapter Id="runtime">
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@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ NOTICE: Initializing database with en_US collation order.
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</para>
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<para>
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This shells syntax can get tedious quickly. Therefore the shell
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This shell syntax can get tedious quickly. Therefore the shell
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script wrapper <application>pg_ctl</application> is provided that
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encapsulates some of the tasks. E.g.,
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<programlisting>
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@ -266,10 +266,10 @@ su - postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -l logfile -D /usr/local/pgs
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</para>
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<para>
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While the <application>postmaster</application> is running, it's
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While the <application>postmaster</application> is running, its
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PID is in the file <filename>postmaster.pid</filename> in the data
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directory. This is used as in interlock against multiple running
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postmaster on the same data directory and can also be used for
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directory. This is used as an interlock against multiple postmasters
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running in the same data directory, and can also be used for
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shutting down the postmaster.
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</para>
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@ -364,8 +364,9 @@ IpcSemaphoreCreate: semget(key=5440026, num=16, 01600) failed: No space left on
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<para>
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<screen>
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connectDB() -- connect() failed: Connection refused
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Is the postmaster running (with -i) at 'server.joe.com' and accepting connections on TCP/IP port 5432?
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PQconnectPoll() -- connect() failed: Connection refused
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Is the postmaster running (with -i) at 'server.joe.com'
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and accepting connections on TCP/IP port 5432?
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</screen>
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This is the generic <quote>I couldn't find a server to talk
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to</quote> failure. It looks like the above when TCP/IP
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@ -378,8 +379,9 @@ Is the postmaster running (with -i) at 'server.joe.com' and accepting connection
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Alternatively, you'll get this when attempting
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Unix-socket communication to a local postmaster:
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<screen>
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connectDB() -- connect() failed: No such file or directory
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Is the postmaster running locally and accepting connections on Unix socket '/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432'?
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connectDBstart() -- connect() failed: No such file or directory
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Is the postmaster running locally
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and accepting connections on Unix socket '/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432'?
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</screen>
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</para>
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@ -454,6 +456,8 @@ syslog = 2
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postmaster -c log_connections=yes -c syslog=2
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</programlisting>
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which would have the same effect as the previous example.
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Command-line options override any conflicting settings in
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<filename>postgresql.conf</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>
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@ -1066,7 +1070,9 @@ env PGOPTIONS='-c geqo=off' psql
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that for a complex query, several sorts and/or hashes might be
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running in parallel, and each one will be allowed to use as
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much memory as this value specifies before it starts to put
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data into temporary files.
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data into temporary files. And don't forget that each running
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backend could be doing one or more sorts. So the total memory
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space needed could be many times the value of SORT_MEM.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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@ -1396,7 +1402,7 @@ env PGOPTIONS='-c geqo=off' psql
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not relevant for <productname>Postgres</>). Almost all modern
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operating systems provide these features, but not all of them have
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them turned on or sufficiently sized by default, especially
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systems with BSD heritage. (For the QNX port,
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systems with BSD heritage. (For the QNX and BeOS ports,
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<productname>Postgres</> provides its own replacement
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implementation of these facilities.)
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</para>
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@ -1510,7 +1516,7 @@ env PGOPTIONS='-c geqo=off' psql
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estimate the required segment size as the number of buffers times
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the block size (8192 kB by default) plus ample overhead (at least
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half a megabyte). Any error message you might get will contain the
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size of the failed allocation.
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size of the failed allocation request.
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</para>
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<para>
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@ -1533,7 +1539,7 @@ env PGOPTIONS='-c geqo=off' psql
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is set by <varname>SEMMNS</>, which consequently must be at least
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as high as the connection setting plus one extra for each 16
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allowed connections (see the formula in <xref
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linkend="sysvipc-parameters">. The parameter <varname>SEMMNI</>
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linkend="sysvipc-parameters">). The parameter <varname>SEMMNI</>
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determines the limit on the number of semaphore sets that can
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exist on the system at one time. Hence this parameter must be at
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least <literal>ceil(max_connections / 16)</>. Lowering the number
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@ -1588,7 +1594,7 @@ env PGOPTIONS='-c geqo=off' psql
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#define SHMALL /* max amount of shared memory (pages) */
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</programlisting>
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To increase the number of buffers supported by the postmaseter, add the
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To increase the number of buffers supported by the postmaster, add the
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following to your kernel config file. A <varname>SHMALL</> value of 1024
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represents 4MB of shared memory. Increase it accordingly:
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<programlisting>
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@ -1621,9 +1627,8 @@ options "SYSPTSIZE=13"
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<title>Semaphores</>
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<para>
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You may need to increase the number of semaphores. By
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default, <productname>Postgres</> allocates 32 semaphores,
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one for each backend connection. This is just over half the
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default system total of 60.
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default, <productname>Postgres</> allocates 34 semaphores,
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which is over half the default system total of 60.
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</para>
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</formalpara>
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@ -1845,7 +1850,7 @@ set semsys:seminfo_semmsl=32
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counts but it can be changed by the user up to the hard limit.
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The hard limit can only be changed by the root user. The system
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call <function>setrlimit</function> is responsible for setting
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these parameters. The shell the built-in command
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these parameters. The shell's built-in command
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<command>ulimit</command> (Bourne shells) or
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<command>limit</command> (csh) is used to control the resource
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limits from the command line. On BSD-derived systems the file
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@ -1922,8 +1927,9 @@ default:\
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<listitem>
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<para>
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After receiving SIGTERM, the postmaster disallows new
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connections but lets active backend end their work and shuts
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down only after all of them terminated (by client request).
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connections, but lets existing backends end their work normally.
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It shuts down only after all of the backends terminate by client
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request.
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This is the <firstterm>Smart Shutdown</firstterm>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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@ -1933,10 +1939,11 @@ default:\
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<term>SIGINT</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The postmaster disallows new connections, sends all active
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backends SIGTERM (which will cause them to abort immediately),
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waits for children to exit and shuts down the data base. This
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is the <firstterm>Fast Shutdown</firstterm>.
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The postmaster disallows new connections and sends all existing
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backends SIGTERM, which will cause them to abort their current
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transactions and exit promptly. It then waits for the backends to exit
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and finally shuts down the data base.
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This is the <firstterm>Fast Shutdown</firstterm>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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@ -1948,8 +1955,9 @@ default:\
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This is the <firstterm>Immediate Shutdown</firstterm> which
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will cause the postmaster to send a SIGQUIT to all backends and
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exit immediately (without properly shutting down the database
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system). When WAL is implemented, this will lead to recovery on
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start-up. Right now it's not recommendable to use this option.
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system). The backends likewise exit immediately upon receiving
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SIGQUIT. This will lead to recovery (by replaying the WAL log)
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upon next start-up. This is recommended only in emergencies.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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@ -1957,10 +1965,9 @@ default:\
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<caution>
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<para>
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If at all possible, do not use SIGKILL to shut down the
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postmaster. This can cause data corruption and will prevent the
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cleaning up of shared memory resources, which you will have to
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do yourself in that case.
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It is best not to use SIGKILL to shut down the postmaster. This
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will prevent the postmaster from releasing shared memory and
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semaphores, which you may then have to do by hand.
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</para>
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</caution>
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@ -1969,12 +1976,13 @@ default:\
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<filename>postmaster.pid</filename> in the data directory. So for
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example, to do a fast shutdown:
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<screen>
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> <userinput>kill -INT `cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid`</userinput>
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> <userinput>kill -INT `head -1 /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid`</userinput>
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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The program <application>pg_ctl</application> is a shell script
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wrapper that provides a convenient interface to these functions.
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that provides a more convenient interface for shutting down the
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postmaster.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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