Optimize pg_readv/pg_pwritev single vector case.

For the trivial case of iovcnt == 1, kernels are measurably slower at
dealing with the more complex arguments of preadv/pwritev than the
equivalent plain old pread/pwrite.  The overheads are worth it for
iovcnt > 1, but for 1 let's just redirect to the cheaper calls.  While
we could leave it to callers to worry about that, we already have to
have our own pg_ wrappers for portability reasons so it seems
reasonable to centralize this knowledge there (thanks to Heikki for this
suggestion).  Try to avoid function call overheads by making them
inlinable, which might also allow the compiler to avoid the branch in
some cases.  For systems that don't have preadv and pwritev (currently:
Windows and [closed] Solaris), we might as well pull the replacement
functions up into the static inline functions too.

Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+hUKGJkOiOCa+mag4BF+zHo7qo=o9CFheB8=g6uT5TUm2gkvA@mail.gmail.com

configure

@@ -16057,7 +16057,7 @@ cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
 _ACEOF
 
 
-# We can't use AC_REPLACE_FUNCS to replace these functions, because it
+# We can't use AC_CHECK_FUNCS to detect these functions, because it
 # won't handle deployment target restrictions on macOS
 ac_fn_c_check_decl "$LINENO" "preadv" "ac_cv_have_decl_preadv" "#include <sys/uio.h>
 "
@@ -16070,16 +16070,6 @@ fi
 cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
 #define HAVE_DECL_PREADV $ac_have_decl
 _ACEOF
-if test $ac_have_decl = 1; then :
-
-else
-  case " $LIBOBJS " in
-  *" preadv.$ac_objext "* ) ;;
-  *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS preadv.$ac_objext"
- ;;
-esac
-
-fi
 
 ac_fn_c_check_decl "$LINENO" "pwritev" "ac_cv_have_decl_pwritev" "#include <sys/uio.h>
 "
@@ -16092,16 +16082,6 @@ fi
 cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
 #define HAVE_DECL_PWRITEV $ac_have_decl
 _ACEOF
-if test $ac_have_decl = 1; then :
-
-else
-  case " $LIBOBJS " in
-  *" pwritev.$ac_objext "* ) ;;
-  *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS pwritev.$ac_objext"
- ;;
-esac
-
-fi
 
 
 # This is probably only present on macOS, but may as well check always

configure.ac

@@ -1816,10 +1816,10 @@ AC_CHECK_DECLS(posix_fadvise, [], [], [#include <fcntl.h>])
 AC_CHECK_DECLS(fdatasync, [], [], [#include <unistd.h>])
 AC_CHECK_DECLS([strlcat, strlcpy, strnlen])
 
-# We can't use AC_REPLACE_FUNCS to replace these functions, because it
+# We can't use AC_CHECK_FUNCS to detect these functions, because it
 # won't handle deployment target restrictions on macOS
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([preadv], [], [AC_LIBOBJ(preadv)], [#include <sys/uio.h>])
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([pwritev], [], [AC_LIBOBJ(pwritev)], [#include <sys/uio.h>])
+AC_CHECK_DECLS([preadv], [], [], [#include <sys/uio.h>])
+AC_CHECK_DECLS([pwritev], [], [], [#include <sys/uio.h>])
 
 # This is probably only present on macOS, but may as well check always
 AC_CHECK_DECLS(F_FULLFSYNC, [], [], [#include <fcntl.h>])

src/include/port/pg_iovec.h

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #else
 
@@ -36,20 +37,81 @@ struct iovec
 #define PG_IOV_MAX Min(IOV_MAX, 32)
 
 /*
- * Note that pg_preadv and pg_pwritev have a pg_ prefix as a warning that the
- * Windows implementations have the side-effect of changing the file position.
+ * Like preadv(), but with a prefix to remind us of a side-effect: on Windows
+ * this changes the current file position.
  */
-
+static inline ssize_t
+pg_preadv(int fd, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, off_t offset)
+{
 #if HAVE_DECL_PREADV
-#define pg_preadv preadv
+	/*
+	 * Avoid a small amount of argument copying overhead in the kernel if
+	 * there is only one iovec.
+	 */
+	if (iovcnt == 1)
+		return pread(fd, iov[0].iov_base, iov[0].iov_len, offset);
+	else
+		return preadv(fd, iov, iovcnt, offset);
 #else
-extern ssize_t pg_preadv(int fd, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, off_t offset);
-#endif
+	ssize_t		sum = 0;
+	ssize_t		part;
 
-#if HAVE_DECL_PWRITEV
-#define pg_pwritev pwritev
-#else
-extern ssize_t pg_pwritev(int fd, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, off_t offset);
+	for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; ++i)
+	{
+		part = pg_pread(fd, iov[i].iov_base, iov[i].iov_len, offset);
+		if (part < 0)
+		{
+			if (i == 0)
+				return -1;
+			else
+				return sum;
+		}
+		sum += part;
+		offset += part;
+		if (part < iov[i].iov_len)
+			return sum;
+	}
+	return sum;
 #endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like pwritev(), but with a prefix to remind us of a side-effect: on Windows
+ * this changes the current file position.
+ */
+static inline ssize_t
+pg_pwritev(int fd, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, off_t offset)
+{
+#if HAVE_DECL_PWRITEV
+	/*
+	 * Avoid a small amount of argument copying overhead in the kernel if
+	 * there is only one iovec.
+	 */
+	if (iovcnt == 1)
+		return pwrite(fd, iov[0].iov_base, iov[0].iov_len, offset);
+	else
+		return pwritev(fd, iov, iovcnt, offset);
+#else
+	ssize_t		sum = 0;
+	ssize_t		part;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; ++i)
+	{
+		part = pg_pwrite(fd, iov[i].iov_base, iov[i].iov_len, offset);
+		if (part < 0)
+		{
+			if (i == 0)
+				return -1;
+			else
+				return sum;
+		}
+		sum += part;
+		offset += part;
+		if (part < iov[i].iov_len)
+			return sum;
+	}
+	return sum;
+#endif
+}
 
 #endif							/* PG_IOVEC_H */

src/port/meson.build

@@ -66,8 +66,6 @@ replace_funcs_neg = [
   ['getpeereid'],
   ['inet_aton'],
   ['mkdtemp'],
-  ['preadv', 'HAVE_DECL_PREADV'],
-  ['pwritev', 'HAVE_DECL_PWRITEV'],
   ['strlcat'],
   ['strlcpy'],
   ['strnlen'],

src/port/preadv.c

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * preadv.c
- *	  Implementation of preadv(2) for platforms that lack one.
- *
- * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2023, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
- *
- * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  src/port/preadv.c
- *
- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
-
-
-#include "c.h"
-
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include "port/pg_iovec.h"
-
-ssize_t
-pg_preadv(int fd, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, off_t offset)
-{
-	ssize_t		sum = 0;
-	ssize_t		part;
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; ++i)
-	{
-		part = pg_pread(fd, iov[i].iov_base, iov[i].iov_len, offset);
-		if (part < 0)
-		{
-			if (i == 0)
-				return -1;
-			else
-				return sum;
-		}
-		sum += part;
-		offset += part;
-		if (part < iov[i].iov_len)
-			return sum;
-	}
-	return sum;
-}

src/port/pwritev.c

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * pwritev.c
- *	  Implementation of pwritev(2) for platforms that lack one.
- *
- * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2023, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
- *
- * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  src/port/pwritev.c
- *
- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
-
-
-#include "c.h"
-
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include "port/pg_iovec.h"
-
-ssize_t
-pg_pwritev(int fd, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, off_t offset)
-{
-	ssize_t		sum = 0;
-	ssize_t		part;
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; ++i)
-	{
-		part = pg_pwrite(fd, iov[i].iov_base, iov[i].iov_len, offset);
-		if (part < 0)
-		{
-			if (i == 0)
-				return -1;
-			else
-				return sum;
-		}
-		sum += part;
-		offset += part;
-		if (part < iov[i].iov_len)
-			return sum;
-	}
-	return sum;
-}

src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ sub mkvcbuild
 	  inet_net_ntop.c kill.c open.c
 	  snprintf.c strlcat.c strlcpy.c dirmod.c noblock.c path.c
 	  dirent.c getopt.c getopt_long.c
-	  preadv.c pwritev.c pg_bitutils.c
+	  pg_bitutils.c
 	  pg_strong_random.c pgcheckdir.c pgmkdirp.c pgsleep.c pgstrcasecmp.c
 	  pqsignal.c mkdtemp.c qsort.c qsort_arg.c bsearch_arg.c quotes.c system.c
 	  strerror.c tar.c