Propagate xactStartTimestamp and stmtStartTimestamp to parallel workers.

Previously, a worker process would establish values for these based on
its own start time.  In v10 and up, this can trivially be shown to cause
misbehavior of transaction_timestamp(), timestamp_in(), and related
functions which are (perhaps unwisely?) marked parallel-safe.  It seems
likely that other behaviors might diverge from what happens in the parent
as well.

It's not as trivial to demonstrate problems in 9.6 or 9.5, but I'm sure
it's still possible, so back-patch to all branches containing parallel
worker infrastructure.

In HEAD only, mark now() and statement_timestamp() as parallel-safe
(other affected functions already were).  While in theory we could
still squeeze that change into v11, it doesn't seem important enough
to force a last-minute catversion bump.

Konstantin Knizhnik, whacked around a bit by me

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/6406dbd2-5d37-4cb6-6eb2-9c44172c7e7c@postgrespro.ru

src/backend/access/transam/parallel.c

@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ typedef struct FixedParallelState
 	PGPROC	   *parallel_master_pgproc;
 	pid_t		parallel_master_pid;
 	BackendId	parallel_master_backend_id;
+	TimestampTz xact_ts;
+	TimestampTz stmt_ts;
 
 	/* Mutex protects remaining fields. */
 	slock_t		mutex;
@@ -318,6 +320,8 @@ InitializeParallelDSM(ParallelContext *pcxt)
 	fps->parallel_master_pgproc = MyProc;
 	fps->parallel_master_pid = MyProcPid;
 	fps->parallel_master_backend_id = MyBackendId;
+	fps->xact_ts = GetCurrentTransactionStartTimestamp();
+	fps->stmt_ts = GetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp();
 	SpinLockInit(&fps->mutex);
 	fps->last_xlog_end = 0;
 	shm_toc_insert(pcxt->toc, PARALLEL_KEY_FIXED, fps);
@@ -1311,6 +1315,13 @@ ParallelWorkerMain(Datum main_arg)
 							   fps->parallel_master_pid))
 		return;
 
+	/*
+	 * Restore transaction and statement start-time timestamps.  This must
+	 * happen before anything that would start a transaction, else asserts in
+	 * xact.c will fire.
+	 */
+	SetParallelStartTimestamps(fps->xact_ts, fps->stmt_ts);
+
 	/*
 	 * Identify the entry point to be called.  In theory this could result in
 	 * loading an additional library, though most likely the entry point is in

src/backend/access/transam/xact.c

@@ -674,6 +674,22 @@ GetCurrentCommandId(bool used)
 	return currentCommandId;
 }
 
+/*
+ *	SetParallelStartTimestamps
+ *
+ * In a parallel worker, we should inherit the parent transaction's
+ * timestamps rather than setting our own.  The parallel worker
+ * infrastructure must call this to provide those values before
+ * calling StartTransaction() or SetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp().
+ */
+void
+SetParallelStartTimestamps(TimestampTz xact_ts, TimestampTz stmt_ts)
+{
+	Assert(IsParallelWorker());
+	xactStartTimestamp = xact_ts;
+	stmtStartTimestamp = stmt_ts;
+}
+
 /*
  *	GetCurrentTransactionStartTimestamp
  */
@@ -708,11 +724,17 @@ GetCurrentTransactionStopTimestamp(void)
 
 /*
  *	SetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp
+ *
+ * In a parallel worker, this should already have been provided by a call
+ * to SetParallelStartTimestamps().
  */
 void
 SetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp(void)
 {
-	stmtStartTimestamp = GetCurrentTimestamp();
+	if (!IsParallelWorker())
+		stmtStartTimestamp = GetCurrentTimestamp();
+	else
+		Assert(stmtStartTimestamp != 0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1867,10 +1889,16 @@ StartTransaction(void)
 	/*
 	 * set transaction_timestamp() (a/k/a now()).  We want this to be the same
 	 * as the first command's statement_timestamp(), so don't do a fresh
-	 * GetCurrentTimestamp() call (which'd be expensive anyway).  Also, mark
-	 * xactStopTimestamp as unset.
+	 * GetCurrentTimestamp() call (which'd be expensive anyway).  In a
+	 * parallel worker, this should already have been provided by a call to
+	 * SetParallelStartTimestamps().
+	 *
+	 * Also, mark xactStopTimestamp as unset.
 	 */
-	xactStartTimestamp = stmtStartTimestamp;
+	if (!IsParallelWorker())
+		xactStartTimestamp = stmtStartTimestamp;
+	else
+		Assert(xactStartTimestamp != 0);
 	xactStopTimestamp = 0;
 	pgstat_report_xact_timestamp(xactStartTimestamp);
 

src/include/access/xact.h

@@ -359,6 +359,7 @@ extern SubTransactionId GetCurrentSubTransactionId(void);
 extern void MarkCurrentTransactionIdLoggedIfAny(void);
 extern bool SubTransactionIsActive(SubTransactionId subxid);
 extern CommandId GetCurrentCommandId(bool used);
+extern void SetParallelStartTimestamps(TimestampTz xact_ts, TimestampTz stmt_ts);
 extern TimestampTz GetCurrentTransactionStartTimestamp(void);
 extern TimestampTz GetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp(void);
 extern TimestampTz GetCurrentTransactionStopTimestamp(void);

src/include/catalog/catversion.h

@@ -53,6 +53,6 @@
  */
 
 /*							yyyymmddN */
-#define CATALOG_VERSION_NO	201810051
+#define CATALOG_VERSION_NO	201810061
 
 #endif

src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat

@@ -2073,7 +2073,8 @@
 { oid => '1365', descr => 'make ACL item',
   proname => 'makeaclitem', prorettype => 'aclitem',
   proargtypes => 'oid oid text bool', prosrc => 'makeaclitem' },
-{ oid => '3943', descr => 'show hardwired default privileges, primarily for use by the information schema',
+{ oid => '3943',
+  descr => 'show hardwired default privileges, primarily for use by the information schema',
   proname => 'acldefault', prorettype => '_aclitem', proargtypes => 'char oid',
   prosrc => 'acldefault_sql' },
 { oid => '1689',
@@ -2595,13 +2596,13 @@
   proname => 'timetzdate_pl', prolang => '14', prorettype => 'timestamptz',
   proargtypes => 'timetz date', prosrc => 'select ($2 + $1)' },
 { oid => '1299', descr => 'current transaction time',
-  proname => 'now', provolatile => 's', proparallel => 'r',
-  prorettype => 'timestamptz', proargtypes => '', prosrc => 'now' },
+  proname => 'now', provolatile => 's', prorettype => 'timestamptz',
+  proargtypes => '', prosrc => 'now' },
 { oid => '2647', descr => 'current transaction time',
   proname => 'transaction_timestamp', provolatile => 's',
   prorettype => 'timestamptz', proargtypes => '', prosrc => 'now' },
 { oid => '2648', descr => 'current statement time',
-  proname => 'statement_timestamp', provolatile => 's', proparallel => 'r',
+  proname => 'statement_timestamp', provolatile => 's',
   prorettype => 'timestamptz', proargtypes => '',
   prosrc => 'statement_timestamp' },
 { oid => '2649', descr => 'current clock time',
@@ -10208,7 +10209,8 @@
   proname => 'pg_ls_tmpdir', procost => '10', prorows => '20', proretset => 't',
   provolatile => 'v', prorettype => 'record', proargtypes => 'oid',
   proallargtypes => '{oid,text,int8,timestamptz}', proargmodes => '{i,o,o,o}',
-  proargnames => '{tablespace,name,size,modification}', prosrc => 'pg_ls_tmpdir_1arg' },
+  proargnames => '{tablespace,name,size,modification}',
+  prosrc => 'pg_ls_tmpdir_1arg' },
 
 # hash partitioning constraint function
 { oid => '5028', descr => 'hash partition CHECK constraint',