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- on VMS, SYS$COMMON:[SSL] is already used as installation directory by HP SSL, so we make our default for --openssldir SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-COMMON] instead. - Updated notes on default installation dirs fir Unix and Windows Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
472 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
472 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
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OPENSSL INSTALLATION
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--------------------
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[This document describes installation on the main supported operating
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systems, currently the Linux/Unix family, OpenVMS and Windows.
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Installation on DOS (with djgpp), MacOS (before MacOS X)
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is described in INSTALL.DJGPP or INSTALL.MacOS, respectively.]
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To install OpenSSL, you will need:
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* make
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* Perl 5 with core modules (please read README.PERL)
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* The perl module Text::Template (please read README.PERL)
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* an ANSI C compiler
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* a development environment in the form of development libraries and C
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header files
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* a supported operating system
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For more details regarding specific platforms, there are these notes
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available:
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* NOTES.VMS (OpenVMS)
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* NOTES.WIN (any Windows except for Windows CE)
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Quick Start
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-----------
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If you want to just get on with it, do:
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on Unix:
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$ ./config
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$ make
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$ make test
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$ make install
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on OpenVMS:
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$ @config
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$ mms
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$ mms test
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$ mms install
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on Windows (only pick one of the targets for configuration):
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$ perl Configure { VC-WIN32 | VC-WIN64A | VC-WIN64I | VC-CE }
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$ nmake
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$ nmake test
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$ nmake install
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[If any of these steps fails, see section Installation in Detail below.]
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This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is:
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Unix: normal installation directories under /usr/local
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OpenVMS: SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-'version'...], where 'version' is the
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OpenSSL version number with underscores instead of periods.
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Windows: C:\Program Files\OpenSSL or C:\Program Files (x86)\OpenSSL
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If you want to install it anywhere else, run config like this:
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On Unix:
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$ ./config --prefix=/opt/openssl --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl
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On OpenVMS:
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$ @config --prefix=PROGRAM:[INSTALLS] --openssldir=SYS$MANAGER:[OPENSSL]
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Configuration Options
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---------------------
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There are several options to ./config (or ./Configure) to customize
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the build (note that for Windows, the defaults for --prefix and
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--openssldir depend in what configuration is used and what Windows
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implementation OpenSSL is built on. More notes on this in NOTES.WIN):
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--prefix=DIR The top of the installation directory tree. Defaults are:
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Unix: /usr/local
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Windows: C:\Program Files\OpenSSL
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or C:\Program Files (x86)\OpenSSL
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OpenVMS: SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-'version']
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--openssldir=DIR Directory for OpenSSL configuration files, and also the
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default certificate and key store. Defaults are:
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Unix: /usr/local/ssl
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Windows: C:\Program Files\Common Files\SSL
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or C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\SSL
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OpenVMS: SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-COMMON]
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--api=x.y.z Don't build with support for deprecated APIs below the
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specified version number. For example "--api=1.1.0" will
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remove support for all APIS that were deprecated in OpenSSL
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version 1.1.0 or below.
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no-deprecated Don't build with support for any deprecated APIs. This is the
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same as using "--api" and supplying the latest version
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number.
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no-autoalginit Don't automatically load all supported ciphers and digests.
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Typically OpenSSL will make available all of its supported
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ciphers and digests. For a statically linked application this
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may be undesirable if small executable size is an objective.
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This only affects libcrypto. Ciphers and digests will have to
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be loaded manually using EVP_add_cipher() and
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EVP_add_digest() if this option is used.
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no-autoerrinit Don't automatically load all libcrypto/libssl error strings.
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Typically OpenSSL will automatically load human readable
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error strings. For a statically linked application this may
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be undesirable if small executable size is an objective.
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no-threads Don't try to build with support for multi-threaded
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applications.
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threads Build with support for multi-threaded applications.
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This will usually require additional system-dependent
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options! See "Note on multi-threading" below.
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no-zlib Don't try to build with support for zlib compression and
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decompression.
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zlib Build with support for zlib compression/decompression.
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zlib-dynamic Like "zlib", but has OpenSSL load the zlib library
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dynamically when needed. This is only supported on systems
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where loading of shared libraries is supported. This is the
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default choice.
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no-shared Don't try to create shared libraries.
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shared In addition to the usual static libraries, create shared
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libraries on platforms where it's supported. See "Note on
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shared libraries" below.
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no-asm Do not use assembler code.
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386 On Intel hardware, use the 80386 instruction set only
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(the default x86 code is more efficient, but requires at
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least a 486). Note: Use compiler flags for any other CPU
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specific configuration, e.g. "-m32" to build x86 code on
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an x64 system.
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no-sse2 Exclude SSE2 code pathes. Normally SSE2 extension is
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detected at run-time, but the decision whether or not the
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machine code will be executed is taken solely on CPU
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capability vector. This means that if you happen to run OS
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kernel which does not support SSE2 extension on Intel P4
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processor, then your application might be exposed to
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"illegal instruction" exception. There might be a way
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to enable support in kernel, e.g. FreeBSD kernel can be
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compiled with CPU_ENABLE_SSE, and there is a way to
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disengage SSE2 code pathes upon application start-up,
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but if you aim for wider "audience" running such kernel,
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consider no-sse2. Both 386 and no-asm options above imply
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no-sse2.
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no-<alg> Build without the specified algorithm (bf, cast, des, dh,
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dsa, hmac, md2, md5, mdc2, rc2, rc4, rc5, rsa, sha).
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-Dxxx, -lxxx, These system specific options will be passed through to the
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-Lxxx, -fxxx, compiler to allow you to define preprocessor symbols, specify
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-mXXX, -Kxxx additional libraries, library directories or other compiler
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options.
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Installation in Detail
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----------------------
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1a. Configure OpenSSL for your operation system automatically:
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NOTE: This is not available on Windows.
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$ ./config [options] # Unix
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or
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$ @config [options] ! OpenVMS
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For the remainder of this text, the Unix form will be used in all
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examples, please use the appropriate form for your platform.
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This guesses at your operating system (and compiler, if necessary) and
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configures OpenSSL based on this guess. Run ./config -t to see
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if it guessed correctly. If you want to use a different compiler, you
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are cross-compiling for another platform, or the ./config guess was
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wrong for other reasons, go to step 1b. Otherwise go to step 2.
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On some systems, you can include debugging information as follows:
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$ ./config -d [options]
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1b. Configure OpenSSL for your operating system manually
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OpenSSL knows about a range of different operating system, hardware and
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compiler combinations. To see the ones it knows about, run
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$ ./Configure # Unix
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or
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$ perl Configure # All other platforms
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For the remainder of this text, the Unix form will be used in all
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examples, please use the appropriate form for your platform.
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Pick a suitable name from the list that matches your system. For most
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operating systems there is a choice between using "cc" or "gcc". When
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you have identified your system (and if necessary compiler) use this name
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as the argument to Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would
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run:
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$ ./Configure linux-elf [options]
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If your system isn't listed, you will have to create a configuration
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file named Configurations/{something}.conf and add the correct
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configuration for your system. See the available configs as examples
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and read Configurations/README and Configurations/README.design for
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more information.
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The generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit
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Unix-like systems.
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Configure creates a build file ("Makefile" on Unix and "descrip.mms"
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on OpenVMS) from a suitable template in Configurations, and
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defines various macros in crypto/opensslconf.h (generated from
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crypto/opensslconf.h.in).
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1c. Configure OpenSSL for building outside of the source tree.
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OpenSSL can be configured to build in a build directory separate from
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the directory with the source code. It's done by placing yourself in
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some other directory and invoking the configuration commands from
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there.
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Unix example:
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$ mkdir /var/tmp/openssl-build
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$ cd /var/tmp/openssl-build
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$ /PATH/TO/OPENSSL/SOURCE/config [options]
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or
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$ /PATH/TO/OPENSSL/SOURCE/Configure [target] [options]
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OpenVMS example:
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$ set default sys$login:
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$ create/dir [.tmp.openssl-build]
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$ set default [.tmp.openssl-build]
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$ @[PATH.TO.OPENSSL.SOURCE]config {options}
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or
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$ @[PATH.TO.OPENSSL.SOURCE]Configure {target} {options}
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Windows example:
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$ C:
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$ mkdir \temp-openssl
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$ cd \temp-openssl
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$ perl d:\PATH\TO\OPENSSL\SOURCE\Configure {target} {options}
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Paths can be relative just as well as absolute. Configure will
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do its best to translate them to relative paths whenever possible.
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2. Build OpenSSL by running:
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$ make # Unix
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$ mms ! (or mmk) OpenVMS
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$ nmake # Windows
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This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a on
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Unix, corresponding on other platforms) and the OpenSSL binary
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("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level directory,
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and the binary will be in the "apps" subdirectory.
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If the build fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for
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the failure that aren't problems in OpenSSL itself (like missing
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standard headers). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself, please
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report the problem to <rt@openssl.org> (note that your message
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will be recorded in the request tracker publicly readable at
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https://www.openssl.org/community/index.html#bugs and will be
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forwarded to a public mailing list). Please check out the request
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tracker. Maybe the bug was already reported or has already been
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fixed.
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[If you encounter assembler error messages, try the "no-asm"
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configuration option as an immediate fix.]
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Compiling parts of OpenSSL with gcc and others with the system
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compiler will result in unresolved symbols on some systems.
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3. After a successful build, the libraries should be tested. Run:
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$ make test # Unix
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$ mms test ! OpenVMS
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$ nmake test # Windows
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If some tests fail, look at the output. There may be reasons for
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the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like a
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malfunction with Perl). You may want increased verbosity, that
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can be accomplished like this:
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$ HARNESS_VERBOSE=yes make test # Unix
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$ DEFINE HARNESS_VERBOSE YES
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$ mms test ! OpenVMS
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$ set HARNESS_VERBOSE=yes
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$ nmake test # Windows
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If you want to run just one or a few specific tests, you can use
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the make variable TESTS to specify them, like this:
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$ make TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test # Unix
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$ mms/macro="TESTS=test_rsa test_dsa" test ! OpenVMS
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$ nmake TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test # Windows
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And of course, you can combine (Unix example shown):
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$ HARNESS_VERBOSE=yes make TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test
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You can find the list of available tests like this:
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$ make list-tests # Unix
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$ mms list-tests ! OpenVMS
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$ nmake list-tests # Windows
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Have a look at the manual for the perl module Test::Harness to
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see what other HARNESS_* variables there are.
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If you find a problem with OpenSSL itself, try removing any
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compiler optimization flags from the CFLAGS line in Makefile and
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run "make clean; make" or corresponding.
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Please send a bug reports to <rt@openssl.org>.
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4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with
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$ make install # Unix
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$ mms install ! OpenVMS
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This will install all the software components in this directory
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tree under PREFIX (the directory given with --prefix or its
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default):
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Unix:
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bin/ Contains the openssl binary and a few other
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utility scripts.
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include/openssl
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Contains the header files needed if you want
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to build your own programs that use libcrypto
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or libssl.
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lib Contains the OpenSSL library files.
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lib/engines Contains the OpenSSL dynamically loadable engines.
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share/man/{man1,man3,man5,man7}
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Contains the OpenSSL man-pages.
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share/doc/openssl/html/{man1,man3,man5,man7}
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Contains the HTML rendition of the man-pages.
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OpenVMS ('arch' is replaced with the architecture name, "Alpha"
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or "ia64"):
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[.EXE.'arch'] Contains the openssl binary and a few other
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utility scripts.
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[.include.openssl]
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Contains the header files needed if you want
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to build your own programs that use libcrypto
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or libssl.
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[.LIB.'arch'] Contains the OpenSSL library files.
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[.ENGINES.'arch']
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Contains the OpenSSL dynamically loadable engines.
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[.SYS$STARTUP] Contains startup, login and shutdown scripts.
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These define appropriate logical names and
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command symbols.
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Additionally, install will add the following directories under
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OPENSSLDIR (the directory given with --openssldir or its default)
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for you convenience:
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certs Initially empty, this is the default location
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for certificate files.
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private Initially empty, this is the default location
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for private key files.
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misc Various scripts.
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Package builders who want to configure the library for standard
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locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that
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it can easily be packaged, can use
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$ make DESTDIR=/tmp/package-root install # Unix
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$ mms/macro="DESTDIR=TMP:[PACKAGE-ROOT]" install ! OpenVMS
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The specified destination directory will be prepended to all
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installation target paths.
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Compatibility issues with previous OpenSSL versions:
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* COMPILING existing applications
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OpenSSL 1.1 hides a number of structures that were previously
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open. This includes all internal libssl structures and a number
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of EVP types. Accessor functions have been added to allow
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controlled access to the structures' data.
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This means that some software needs to be rewritten to adapt to
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the new ways of doing things. This often amounts to allocating
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an instance of a structure explicitly where you could previously
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allocate them on the stack as automatic variables, and using the
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provided accessor functions where you would previously access a
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structure's field directly.
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<TBA>
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Some APIs have changed as well. However, older APIs have been
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preserved when possible.
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Note on multi-threading
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-----------------------
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For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what compiler options
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are needed to generate a library that is suitable for multi-threaded
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applications. On these systems, support for multi-threading is enabled
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by default; use the "no-threads" option to disable (this should never be
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necessary).
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On other systems, to enable support for multi-threading, you will have
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to specify at least two options: "threads", and a system-dependent option.
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(The latter is "-D_REENTRANT" on various systems.) The default in this
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case, obviously, is not to include support for multi-threading (but
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you can still use "no-threads" to suppress an annoying warning message
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from the Configure script.)
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OpenSSL provides built-in support for two threading models: pthreads (found on
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most UNIX/Linux systems), and Windows threads. No other threading models are
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supported. If your platform does not provide pthreads or Windows threads then
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you should Configure with the "no-threads" option.
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Note on shared libraries
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------------------------
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Shared libraries have certain caveats. Binary backward compatibility
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can't be guaranteed before OpenSSL version 1.0. The only reason to
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use them would be to conserve memory on systems where several programs
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are using OpenSSL.
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For most systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what is needed to
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build shared libraries for libcrypto and libssl. On these systems,
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the shared libraries are currently not created by default, but giving
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the option "shared" will get them created.
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Note on random number generation
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--------------------------------
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Availability of cryptographically secure random numbers is required for
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secret key generation. OpenSSL provides several options to seed the
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internal PRNG. If not properly seeded, the internal PRNG will refuse
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to deliver random bytes and a "PRNG not seeded error" will occur.
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On systems without /dev/urandom (or similar) device, it may be necessary
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to install additional support software to obtain random seed.
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Please check out the manual pages for RAND_add(), RAND_bytes(), RAND_egd(),
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and the FAQ for more information.
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