mirror of
https://github.com/openssl/openssl.git
synced 2024-12-09 05:51:54 +08:00
2c1ec72a7a
Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org> Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <pauli@openssl.org> Reviewed-by: Todd Short <todd.short@me.com> (Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/19931)
513 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
513 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
=pod
|
|
|
|
=begin comment
|
|
{- join("\n", @autowarntext) -}
|
|
|
|
=end comment
|
|
|
|
=head1 NAME
|
|
|
|
openssl-genpkey - generate a private key
|
|
|
|
=head1 SYNOPSIS
|
|
|
|
B<openssl> B<genpkey>
|
|
[B<-help>]
|
|
[B<-out> I<filename>]
|
|
[B<-outform> B<DER>|B<PEM>]
|
|
[B<-verbose>]
|
|
[B<-quiet>]
|
|
[B<-pass> I<arg>]
|
|
[B<-I<cipher>>]
|
|
[B<-paramfile> I<file>]
|
|
[B<-algorithm> I<alg>]
|
|
[B<-pkeyopt> I<opt>:I<value>]
|
|
[B<-genparam>]
|
|
[B<-text>]
|
|
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_engine_synopsis -}{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_provider_synopsis -}
|
|
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_config_synopsis -}
|
|
|
|
=head1 DESCRIPTION
|
|
|
|
This command generates a private key.
|
|
|
|
=head1 OPTIONS
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<-help>
|
|
|
|
Print out a usage message.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-out> I<filename>
|
|
|
|
Output the key to the specified file. If this argument is not specified then
|
|
standard output is used.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-outform> B<DER>|B<PEM>
|
|
|
|
The output format, except when B<-genparam> is given; the default is B<PEM>.
|
|
See L<openssl-format-options(1)> for details.
|
|
|
|
When B<-genparam> is given, B<-outform> is ignored.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-verbose>
|
|
|
|
Output "status dots" while generating keys.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-quiet>
|
|
|
|
Do not output "status dots" while generating keys.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-pass> I<arg>
|
|
|
|
The output file password source. For more information about the format of I<arg>
|
|
see L<openssl-passphrase-options(1)>.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-I<cipher>>
|
|
|
|
This option encrypts the private key with the supplied cipher. Any algorithm
|
|
name accepted by EVP_get_cipherbyname() is acceptable such as B<des3>.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-algorithm> I<alg>
|
|
|
|
Public key algorithm to use such as RSA, DSA, DH or DHX. If used this option must
|
|
precede any B<-pkeyopt> options. The options B<-paramfile> and B<-algorithm>
|
|
are mutually exclusive. Engines may add algorithms in addition to the standard
|
|
built-in ones.
|
|
|
|
Valid built-in algorithm names for private key generation are RSA, RSA-PSS, EC,
|
|
X25519, X448, ED25519 and ED448.
|
|
|
|
Valid built-in algorithm names for parameter generation (see the B<-genparam>
|
|
option) are DH, DSA and EC.
|
|
|
|
Note that the algorithm name X9.42 DH may be used as a synonym for DHX keys and
|
|
PKCS#3 refers to DH Keys. Some options are not shared between DH and DHX keys.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-pkeyopt> I<opt>:I<value>
|
|
|
|
Set the public key algorithm option I<opt> to I<value>. The precise set of
|
|
options supported depends on the public key algorithm used and its
|
|
implementation. See L</KEY GENERATION OPTIONS> and
|
|
L</PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS> below for more details.
|
|
|
|
To list the possible I<opt> values for an algorithm use:
|
|
B<openssl> B<genpkey> -algorithm XXX -help
|
|
|
|
=item B<-genparam>
|
|
|
|
Generate a set of parameters instead of a private key. If used this option must
|
|
precede any B<-algorithm>, B<-paramfile> or B<-pkeyopt> options.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-paramfile> I<filename>
|
|
|
|
Some public key algorithms generate a private key based on a set of parameters.
|
|
They can be supplied using this option. If this option is used the public key
|
|
algorithm used is determined by the parameters. If used this option must
|
|
precede any B<-pkeyopt> options. The options B<-paramfile> and B<-algorithm>
|
|
are mutually exclusive.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-text>
|
|
|
|
Print an (unencrypted) text representation of private and public keys and
|
|
parameters along with the PEM or DER structure.
|
|
|
|
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_engine_item -}
|
|
|
|
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_provider_item -}
|
|
|
|
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_config_item -}
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 KEY GENERATION OPTIONS
|
|
|
|
The options supported by each algorithm and indeed each implementation of an
|
|
algorithm can vary. The options for the OpenSSL implementations are detailed
|
|
below. There are no key generation options defined for the X25519, X448, ED25519
|
|
or ED448 algorithms.
|
|
|
|
=head2 RSA Key Generation Options
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<rsa_keygen_bits:numbits>
|
|
|
|
The number of bits in the generated key. If not specified 2048 is used.
|
|
|
|
=item B<rsa_keygen_primes:numprimes>
|
|
|
|
The number of primes in the generated key. If not specified 2 is used.
|
|
|
|
=item B<rsa_keygen_pubexp:value>
|
|
|
|
The RSA public exponent value. This can be a large decimal or
|
|
hexadecimal value if preceded by C<0x>. Default value is 65537.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head2 RSA-PSS Key Generation Options
|
|
|
|
Note: by default an B<RSA-PSS> key has no parameter restrictions.
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<rsa_keygen_bits>:I<numbits>, B<rsa_keygen_primes>:I<numprimes>,
|
|
B<rsa_keygen_pubexp>:I<value>
|
|
|
|
These options have the same meaning as the B<RSA> algorithm.
|
|
|
|
=item B<rsa_pss_keygen_md>:I<digest>
|
|
|
|
If set the key is restricted and can only use I<digest> for signing.
|
|
|
|
=item B<rsa_pss_keygen_mgf1_md>:I<digest>
|
|
|
|
If set the key is restricted and can only use I<digest> as it's MGF1
|
|
parameter.
|
|
|
|
=item B<rsa_pss_keygen_saltlen>:I<len>
|
|
|
|
If set the key is restricted and I<len> specifies the minimum salt length.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head2 EC Key Generation Options
|
|
|
|
The EC key generation options can also be used for parameter generation.
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<ec_paramgen_curve>:I<curve>
|
|
|
|
The EC curve to use. OpenSSL supports NIST curve names such as "P-256".
|
|
|
|
=item B<ec_param_enc>:I<encoding>
|
|
|
|
The encoding to use for parameters. The I<encoding> parameter must be either
|
|
B<named_curve> or B<explicit>. The default value is B<named_curve>.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head2 DH Key Generation Options
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<group>:I<name>
|
|
|
|
The B<paramfile> option is not required if a named group is used here.
|
|
See the L</DH Parameter Generation Options> section below.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS
|
|
|
|
The options supported by each algorithm and indeed each implementation of an
|
|
algorithm can vary. The options for the OpenSSL implementations are detailed
|
|
below.
|
|
|
|
=head2 DSA Parameter Generation Options
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<dsa_paramgen_bits>:I<numbits>
|
|
|
|
The number of bits in the generated prime. If not specified 2048 is used.
|
|
|
|
=item B<dsa_paramgen_q_bits>:I<numbits>
|
|
|
|
=item B<qbits>:I<numbits>
|
|
|
|
The number of bits in the q parameter. Must be one of 160, 224 or 256. If not
|
|
specified 224 is used.
|
|
|
|
=item B<dsa_paramgen_md>:I<digest>
|
|
|
|
=item B<digest>:I<digest>
|
|
|
|
The digest to use during parameter generation. Must be one of B<sha1>, B<sha224>
|
|
or B<sha256>. If set, then the number of bits in B<q> will match the output size
|
|
of the specified digest and the B<dsa_paramgen_q_bits> parameter will be
|
|
ignored. If not set, then a digest will be used that gives an output matching
|
|
the number of bits in B<q>, i.e. B<sha1> if q length is 160, B<sha224> if it 224
|
|
or B<sha256> if it is 256.
|
|
|
|
=item B<properties>:I<query>
|
|
|
|
The I<digest> property I<query> string to use when fetching a digest from a provider.
|
|
|
|
=item B<type>:I<type>
|
|
|
|
The type of generation to use. Set this to 1 to use legacy FIPS186-2 parameter
|
|
generation. The default of 0 uses FIPS186-4 parameter generation.
|
|
|
|
=item B<gindex>:I<index>
|
|
|
|
The index to use for canonical generation and verification of the generator g.
|
|
Set this to a positive value ranging from 0..255 to use this mode. Larger values
|
|
will only use the bottom byte.
|
|
This I<index> must then be reused during key validation to verify the value of g.
|
|
If this value is not set then g is not verifiable. The default value is -1.
|
|
|
|
=item B<hexseed>:I<seed>
|
|
|
|
The seed I<seed> data to use instead of generating a random seed internally.
|
|
This should be used for testing purposes only. This will either produced fixed
|
|
values for the generated parameters OR it will fail if the seed did not
|
|
generate valid primes.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head2 DH Parameter Generation Options
|
|
|
|
For most use cases it is recommended to use the B<group> option rather than
|
|
the B<type> options. Note that the B<group> option is not used by default if
|
|
no parameter generation options are specified.
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<group>:I<name>
|
|
|
|
=item B<dh_param>:I<name>
|
|
|
|
Use a named DH group to select constant values for the DH parameters.
|
|
All other options will be ignored if this value is set.
|
|
|
|
Valid values that are associated with the B<algorithm> of B<"DH"> are:
|
|
"ffdhe2048", "ffdhe3072", "ffdhe4096", "ffdhe6144", "ffdhe8192",
|
|
"modp_1536", "modp_2048", "modp_3072", "modp_4096", "modp_6144", "modp_8192".
|
|
|
|
Valid values that are associated with the B<algorithm> of B<"DHX"> are the
|
|
RFC5114 names "dh_1024_160", "dh_2048_224", "dh_2048_256".
|
|
|
|
=item B<dh_rfc5114>:I<num>
|
|
|
|
If this option is set, then the appropriate RFC5114 parameters are used
|
|
instead of generating new parameters. The value I<num> can be one of
|
|
1, 2 or 3 that are equivalent to using the option B<group> with one of
|
|
"dh_1024_160", "dh_2048_224" or "dh_2048_256".
|
|
All other options will be ignored if this value is set.
|
|
|
|
=item B<pbits>:I<numbits>
|
|
|
|
=item B<dh_paramgen_prime_len>:I<numbits>
|
|
|
|
The number of bits in the prime parameter I<p>. The default is 2048.
|
|
|
|
=item B<qbits>:I<numbits>
|
|
|
|
=item B<dh_paramgen_subprime_len>:I<numbits>
|
|
|
|
The number of bits in the sub prime parameter I<q>. The default is 224.
|
|
Only relevant if used in conjunction with the B<dh_paramgen_type> option to
|
|
generate DHX parameters.
|
|
|
|
=item B<safeprime-generator>:I<value>
|
|
|
|
=item B<dh_paramgen_generator>:I<value>
|
|
|
|
The value to use for the generator I<g>. The default is 2.
|
|
The B<algorithm> option must be B<"DH"> for this parameter to be used.
|
|
|
|
=item B<type>:I<string>
|
|
|
|
The type name of DH parameters to generate. Valid values are:
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item "generator"
|
|
|
|
Use a safe prime generator with the option B<safeprime_generator>
|
|
The B<algorithm> option must be B<"DH">.
|
|
|
|
=item "fips186_4"
|
|
|
|
FIPS186-4 parameter generation.
|
|
The B<algorithm> option must be B<"DHX">.
|
|
|
|
=item "fips186_2"
|
|
|
|
FIPS186-4 parameter generation.
|
|
The B<algorithm> option must be B<"DHX">.
|
|
|
|
=item "group"
|
|
|
|
Can be used with the option B<pbits> to select one of
|
|
"ffdhe2048", "ffdhe3072", "ffdhe4096", "ffdhe6144" or "ffdhe8192".
|
|
The B<algorithm> option must be B<"DH">.
|
|
|
|
=item "default"
|
|
|
|
Selects a default type based on the B<algorithm>. This is used by the
|
|
OpenSSL default provider to set the type for backwards compatibility.
|
|
If B<algorithm> is B<"DH"> then B<"generator"> is used.
|
|
If B<algorithm> is B<"DHX"> then B<"fips186_2"> is used.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=item B<dh_paramgen_type>:I<value>
|
|
|
|
The type of DH parameters to generate. Valid values are 0, 1, 2 or 3
|
|
which correspond to setting the option B<type> to
|
|
"generator", "fips186_2", "fips186_4" or "group".
|
|
|
|
=item B<digest>:I<digest>
|
|
|
|
The digest to use during parameter generation. Must be one of B<sha1>, B<sha224>
|
|
or B<sha256>. If set, then the number of bits in B<qbits> will match the output
|
|
size of the specified digest and the B<qbits> parameter will be
|
|
ignored. If not set, then a digest will be used that gives an output matching
|
|
the number of bits in B<q>, i.e. B<sha1> if q length is 160, B<sha224> if it is
|
|
224 or B<sha256> if it is 256.
|
|
This is only used by "fips186_4" and "fips186_2" key generation.
|
|
|
|
=item B<properties>:I<query>
|
|
|
|
The I<digest> property I<query> string to use when fetching a digest from a provider.
|
|
This is only used by "fips186_4" and "fips186_2" key generation.
|
|
|
|
=item B<gindex>:I<index>
|
|
|
|
The index to use for canonical generation and verification of the generator g.
|
|
Set this to a positive value ranging from 0..255 to use this mode. Larger values
|
|
will only use the bottom byte.
|
|
This I<index> must then be reused during key validation to verify the value of g.
|
|
If this value is not set then g is not verifiable. The default value is -1.
|
|
This is only used by "fips186_4" and "fips186_2" key generation.
|
|
|
|
=item B<hexseed>:I<seed>
|
|
|
|
The seed I<seed> data to use instead of generating a random seed internally.
|
|
This should be used for testing purposes only. This will either produced fixed
|
|
values for the generated parameters OR it will fail if the seed did not
|
|
generate valid primes.
|
|
This is only used by "fips186_4" and "fips186_2" key generation.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head2 EC Parameter Generation Options
|
|
|
|
The EC parameter generation options are the same as for key generation. See
|
|
L</EC Key Generation Options> above.
|
|
|
|
=head1 NOTES
|
|
|
|
The use of the genpkey program is encouraged over the algorithm specific
|
|
utilities because additional algorithm options and ENGINE provided algorithms
|
|
can be used.
|
|
|
|
=head1 EXAMPLES
|
|
|
|
Generate an RSA private key using default parameters:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out key.pem
|
|
|
|
Encrypt output private key using 128 bit AES and the passphrase "hello":
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out key.pem -aes-128-cbc -pass pass:hello
|
|
|
|
Generate a 2048 bit RSA key using 3 as the public exponent:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out key.pem \
|
|
-pkeyopt rsa_keygen_bits:2048 -pkeyopt rsa_keygen_pubexp:3
|
|
|
|
Generate 2048 bit DSA parameters that can be validated: The output values for
|
|
gindex and seed are required for key validation purposes and are not saved to
|
|
the output pem file).
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm DSA -out dsap.pem -pkeyopt pbits:2048 \
|
|
-pkeyopt qbits:224 -pkeyopt digest:SHA256 -pkeyopt gindex:1 -text
|
|
|
|
Generate DSA key from parameters:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -paramfile dsap.pem -out dsakey.pem
|
|
|
|
Generate 4096 bit DH Key using safe prime group ffdhe4096:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm DH -out dhkey.pem -pkeyopt group:ffdhe4096
|
|
|
|
Generate 2048 bit X9.42 DH key with 256 bit subgroup using RFC5114 group3:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm DHX -out dhkey.pem -pkeyopt dh_rfc5114:3
|
|
|
|
Generate a DH key using a DH parameters file:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -paramfile dhp.pem -out dhkey.pem
|
|
|
|
Output DH parameters for safe prime group ffdhe2048:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm DH -out dhp.pem -pkeyopt group:ffdhe2048
|
|
|
|
Output 2048 bit X9.42 DH parameters with 224 bit subgroup using RFC5114 group2:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm DHX -out dhp.pem -pkeyopt dh_rfc5114:2
|
|
|
|
Output 2048 bit X9.42 DH parameters with 224 bit subgroup using FIP186-4 keygen:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm DHX -out dhp.pem -text \
|
|
-pkeyopt pbits:2048 -pkeyopt qbits:224 -pkeyopt digest:SHA256 \
|
|
-pkeyopt gindex:1 -pkeyopt dh_paramgen_type:2
|
|
|
|
Output 1024 bit X9.42 DH parameters with 160 bit subgroup using FIP186-2 keygen:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm DHX -out dhp.pem -text \
|
|
-pkeyopt pbits:1024 -pkeyopt qbits:160 -pkeyopt digest:SHA1 \
|
|
-pkeyopt gindex:1 -pkeyopt dh_paramgen_type:1
|
|
|
|
Output 2048 bit DH parameters:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm DH -out dhp.pem \
|
|
-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_prime_len:2048
|
|
|
|
Output 2048 bit DH parameters using a generator:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm DH -out dhpx.pem \
|
|
-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_prime_len:2048 \
|
|
-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_type:1
|
|
|
|
Generate EC parameters:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm EC -out ecp.pem \
|
|
-pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:secp384r1 \
|
|
-pkeyopt ec_param_enc:named_curve
|
|
|
|
Generate EC key from parameters:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -paramfile ecp.pem -out eckey.pem
|
|
|
|
Generate EC key directly:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm EC -out eckey.pem \
|
|
-pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:P-384 \
|
|
-pkeyopt ec_param_enc:named_curve
|
|
|
|
Generate an X25519 private key:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm X25519 -out xkey.pem
|
|
|
|
Generate an ED448 private key:
|
|
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm ED448 -out xkey.pem
|
|
|
|
=head1 HISTORY
|
|
|
|
The ability to use NIST curve names, and to generate an EC key directly,
|
|
were added in OpenSSL 1.0.2.
|
|
The ability to generate X25519 keys was added in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
|
|
The ability to generate X448, ED25519 and ED448 keys was added in OpenSSL 1.1.1.
|
|
|
|
The B<-engine> option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
|
|
|
|
=head1 COPYRIGHT
|
|
|
|
Copyright 2006-2022 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
|
|
|
|
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
|
|
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
|
|
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
|
|
L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
|
|
|
|
=cut
|