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35a810bb1d
Almost all OpenSSL commands are in reality 'openssl cmd', so make sure
they are refered to like that and not just as the sub-command.
Self-references are avoided as much as is possible, and replaced with
"this command". In some cases, we even avoid that with a slight
rewrite of the sentence or paragrah they were in. However, in the few
cases where a self-reference is still admissible, they are done in
bold, i.e. openssl-speed.pod references itself like this:
B<openssl speed>
References to other commands are done as manual links, i.e. CA.pl.pod
references 'openssl req' like this: L<openssl-req(1)>
Some commands are examples rather than references; we enclose those in
C<>.
While we are it, we abolish "utility", replacing it with "command", or
remove it entirely in some cases.
Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tmraz@fedoraproject.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/10065)
261 lines
6.8 KiB
Plaintext
261 lines
6.8 KiB
Plaintext
=pod
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=head1 NAME
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openssl-dgst - perform digest operations
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=head1 SYNOPSIS
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B<openssl dgst>
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[B<-I<digest>>]
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[B<-help>]
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[B<-c>]
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[B<-d>]
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[B<-hex>]
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[B<-binary>]
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[B<-r>]
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[B<-out> I<filename>]
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[B<-sign> I<filename>]
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[B<-keyform> I<arg>]
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[B<-passin> I<arg>]
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[B<-verify> I<filename>]
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[B<-prverify> I<filename>]
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[B<-signature> I<filename>]
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[B<-sigopt> I<nm>:I<v>]
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[B<-hmac> I<key>]
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[B<-fips-fingerprint>]
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[B<-rand> I<files>]
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[B<-engine> I<id>]
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[B<-engine_impl>]
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[I<file> ...]
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B<openssl> I<digest> [B<...>]
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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This command output the message digest of a supplied file or files
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in hexadecimal, and also generates and verifies digital
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signatures using message digests.
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The generic name, B<openssl dgst>, may be used with an option specifying the
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algorithm to be used.
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The default digest is B<sha256>.
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A supported I<digest> name may also be used as the sub-command name.
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To see the list of supported algorithms, use C<openssl list -digest-commands>
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=head1 OPTIONS
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=over 4
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=item B<-help>
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Print out a usage message.
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=item B<-I<digest>>
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Specifies name of a supported digest to be used. To see the list of
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supported digests, use the command C<list --digest-commands>.
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=item B<-c>
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Print out the digest in two digit groups separated by colons, only relevant if
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the B<-hex> option is given as well.
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=item B<-d>
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Print out BIO debugging information.
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=item B<-hex>
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Digest is to be output as a hex dump. This is the default case for a "normal"
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digest as opposed to a digital signature. See NOTES below for digital
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signatures using B<-hex>.
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=item B<-binary>
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Output the digest or signature in binary form.
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=item B<-r>
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Output the digest in the "coreutils" format, including newlines.
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Used by programs like L<sha1sum(1)>.
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=item B<-out> I<filename>
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Filename to output to, or standard output by default.
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=item B<-sign> I<filename>
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Digitally sign the digest using the private key in "filename". Note this option
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does not support Ed25519 or Ed448 private keys. Use the L<openssl-pkeyutl(1)>
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command instead for this.
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=item B<-keyform> I<arg>
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Specifies the key format to sign digest with. The DER, PEM, P12,
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and ENGINE formats are supported.
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=item B<-sigopt> I<nm>:I<v>
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Pass options to the signature algorithm during sign or verify operations.
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Names and values of these options are algorithm-specific.
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=item B<-passin> I<arg>
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The private key password source. For more information about the format of I<arg>
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see L<openssl(1)/Pass phrase options>.
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=item B<-verify> I<filename>
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Verify the signature using the public key in "filename".
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The output is either "Verification OK" or "Verification Failure".
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=item B<-prverify> I<filename>
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Verify the signature using the private key in "filename".
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=item B<-signature> I<filename>
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The actual signature to verify.
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=item B<-hmac> I<key>
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Create a hashed MAC using "key".
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The L<openssl-mac(1)> command should be preferred to using this command line
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option.
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=item B<-mac> I<alg>
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Create MAC (keyed Message Authentication Code). The most popular MAC
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algorithm is HMAC (hash-based MAC), but there are other MAC algorithms
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which are not based on hash, for instance B<gost-mac> algorithm,
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supported by B<ccgost> engine. MAC keys and other options should be set
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via B<-macopt> parameter.
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The L<openssl-mac(1)> command should be preferred to using this command line
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option.
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=item B<-macopt> I<nm>:I<v>
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Passes options to MAC algorithm, specified by B<-mac> key.
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Following options are supported by both by B<HMAC> and B<gost-mac>:
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=over 4
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=item B<key>:I<string>
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Specifies MAC key as alphanumeric string (use if key contain printable
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characters only). String length must conform to any restrictions of
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the MAC algorithm for example exactly 32 chars for gost-mac.
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=item B<hexkey>:I<string>
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Specifies MAC key in hexadecimal form (two hex digits per byte).
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Key length must conform to any restrictions of the MAC algorithm
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for example exactly 32 chars for gost-mac.
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=back
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The L<openssl-mac(1)> command should be preferred to using this command line
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option.
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=item B<-rand> I<files>
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The files containing random data used to seed the random number generator.
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Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
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The separator is B<;> for MS-Windows, B<,> for OpenVMS, and B<:> for
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all others.
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=item B<-writerand> I<file>
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Writes random data to the specified I<file> upon exit.
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This can be used with a subsequent B<-rand> flag.
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=item B<-fips-fingerprint>
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Compute HMAC using a specific key for certain OpenSSL-FIPS operations.
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=item B<-engine> I<id>
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Use engine I<id> for operations (including private key storage).
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This engine is not used as source for digest algorithms, unless it is
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also specified in the configuration file or B<-engine_impl> is also
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specified.
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=item B<-engine_impl>
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When used with the B<-engine> option, it specifies to also use
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engine I<id> for digest operations.
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=item I<file> ...
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File or files to digest. If no files are specified then standard input is
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used.
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=back
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=head1 EXAMPLES
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To create a hex-encoded message digest of a file:
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openssl dgst -md5 -hex file.txt
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To sign a file using SHA-256 with binary file output:
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openssl dgst -sha256 -sign privatekey.pem -out signature.sign file.txt
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To verify a signature:
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openssl dgst -sha256 -verify publickey.pem \
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-signature signature.sign \
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file.txt
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=head1 NOTES
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The digest mechanisms that are available will depend on the options
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used when building OpenSSL.
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The C<openssl list -digest-commands> command can be used to list them.
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New or agile applications should use probably use SHA-256. Other digests,
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particularly SHA-1 and MD5, are still widely used for interoperating
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with existing formats and protocols.
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When signing a file, this command will automatically determine the algorithm
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(RSA, ECC, etc) to use for signing based on the private key's ASN.1 info.
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When verifying signatures, it only handles the RSA, DSA, or ECDSA signature
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itself, not the related data to identify the signer and algorithm used in
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formats such as x.509, CMS, and S/MIME.
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A source of random numbers is required for certain signing algorithms, in
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particular ECDSA and DSA.
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The signing and verify options should only be used if a single file is
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being signed or verified.
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Hex signatures cannot be verified using B<openssl>. Instead, use "xxd -r"
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or similar program to transform the hex signature into a binary signature
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prior to verification.
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The L<openssl-mac(1)> command is preferred over the B<-hmac>, B<-mac> and
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B<-macopt> command line options.
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=head1 SEE ALSO
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L<openssl-mac(1)>
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=head1 HISTORY
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The default digest was changed from MD5 to SHA256 in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
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The FIPS-related options were removed in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
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=head1 COPYRIGHT
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Copyright 2000-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
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Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
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this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
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in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
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L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
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=cut
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