openssl/CHANGES.md

OpenSSL CHANGES

This is a detailed breakdown of significant changes. For a high-level overview of changes in each release, see NEWS.md.

For a full list of changes, see the git commit log and pick the appropriate release branch.

OpenSSL Releases

• OpenSSL 3.5
• OpenSSL 3.4
• OpenSSL 3.3
• OpenSSL 3.2
• OpenSSL 3.1
• OpenSSL 3.0
• OpenSSL 1.1.1
• OpenSSL 1.1.0
• OpenSSL 1.0.2
• OpenSSL 1.0.1
• OpenSSL 1.0.0
• OpenSSL 0.9.x

OpenSSL 3.5

Changes between 3.4 and 3.5 [xx XXX xxxx]

• Support DEFAULT keyword and '-' prefix in SSL_CTX_set1_groups_list(). SSL_CTX_set1_groups_list() now supports the DEFAULT keyword which sets the available groups to the default selection. The '-' prefix allows the calling application to remove a group from the selection.

  Frederik Wedel-Heinen

• Updated the default encryption cipher for the req, cms, and smime applications from des-ede3-cbc to aes-256-cbc.

  AES-256 provides a stronger 256-bit key encryption than legacy 3DES.

  Aditya

• Enhanced PKCS#7 inner contents verification. In the PKCS7_verify() function, the BIO *indata parameter refers to the signed data if the content is detached from p7. Otherwise, indata should be NULL, and then the signed data must be in p7.

  The previous OpenSSL implementation only supported MIME inner content [RFC 5652, section 5.2].

  The added functionality now enables support for PKCS#7 inner content [RFC 2315, section 7].

  Małgorzata Olszówka

• The -rawin option of the pkeyutl command is now implied (and thus no longer required) when using -digest or when signing or verifying with an Ed25519 or Ed448 key. The -digest and -rawin option may only be given with -sign or verify.

  David von Oheimb

• Optionally allow the FIPS provider to use the JITTER entropy source. Note that using this option will require the resulting FIPS provider to undergo entropy source validation ESV by the CMVP, without this the FIPS provider will not be FIPS compliant. Enable this using the configuration option enable-fips-jitter.

  Paul Dale

OpenSSL 3.4

Changes between 3.3 and 3.4 [xx XXX xxxx]

• For the FIPS provider only, replaced the primary DRBG with a continuous health check module. This also removes the now forbidden DRBG chaining.

  Paul Dale

• Improved base64 BIO correctness and error reporting.

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Added support for directly fetched composite signature algorithms such as RSA-SHA2-256 including new API functions in the EVP_PKEY_sign, EVP_PKEY_verify and EVP_PKEY_verify_recover groups.

  Richard Levitte

• XOF Digest API improvements

  EVP_MD_CTX_get_size() and EVP_MD_CTX_size are macros that were aliased to EVP_MD_get_size which returns a constant value. XOF Digests such as SHAKE have an output size that is not fixed, so calling EVP_MD_get_size() is not sufficent. The existing macros now point to the new function EVP_MD_CTX_get_size_ex() which will retrieve the "size" for a XOF digest, otherwise it falls back to calling EVP_MD_get_size(). Note that the SHAKE implementation did not have a context getter previously, so the "size" will only be able to be retrieved with new providers.

  Also added a EVP_xof() helper.

  Shane Lontis

• Added FIPS indicators to the FIPS provider.

  FIPS 140-3 requires indicators to be used if the FIPS provider allows non-approved algorithms. An algorithm is approved if it passes all required checks such as minimum key size. By default an error will occur if any check fails. For backwards compatibility individual algorithms may override the checks by using either an option in the FIPS configuration OR in code using an algorithm context setter. Overriding the check means that the algorithm is not FIPS compliant. OSSL_INDICATOR_set_callback() can be called to register a callback to log unapproved algorithms. At the end of any algorithm operation the approved status can be queried using an algorithm context getter. FIPS provider configuration options are set using 'openssl fipsinstall'.

  Note that new FIPS 140-3 restrictions have been enforced such as RSA Encryption using PKCS1 padding is no longer approved. Documentation related to the changes can be found on the [fips_module(7)] manual page.

  [fips_module(7)]: https://docs.openssl.org/master/man7/fips_module/#FIPS indicators

  Shane Lontis, Paul Dale, Po-Hsing Wu and Dimitri John Ledkov

• Added support for hardware acceleration for HMAC on S390x architecture.

  Ingo Franzki

• Added debuginfo Makefile target for unix platforms to produce a separate DWARF info file from the corresponding shared libs.

  Neil Horman

• Added support for encapsulation and decapsulation operations in the pkeyutl command.

  Dmitry Belyavskiy

• Added implementation of RFC 9579 (PBMAC1) in PKCS#12.

  Dmitry Belyavskiy

• Add a new random seed source RNG JITTER using a statically linked jitterentropy library.

  Dimitri John Ledkov

• Added a feature to retrieve configured TLS signature algorithms, e.g., via the openssl list command.

  Michael Baentsch

• Deprecated TS_VERIFY_CTX_set_* functions and added replacement TS_VERIFY_CTX_set0_* functions with improved semantics.

  Tobias Erbsland

• Redesigned Windows use of OPENSSLDIR/ENGINESDIR/MODULESDIR such that what were formerly build time locations can now be defined at run time with registry keys. See NOTES-WINDOWS.md.

  Neil Horman

• Added options -not_before and -not_after for explicit setting start and end dates of certificates created with the req and x509 commands. Added the same options also to ca command as alias for -startdate and -enddate options.

  Stephan Wurm

• The X25519 and X448 key exchange implementation in the FIPS provider is unapproved and has fips=no property.

  Tomáš Mráz

• SHAKE-128 and SHAKE-256 implementations have no default digest length anymore. That means these algorithms cannot be used with EVP_DigestFinal/_ex() unless the xoflen param is set before.

  This change was necessary because the preexisting default lengths were half the size necessary for full collision resistance supported by these algorithms.

  Tomáš Mráz

• Setting config_diagnostics=1 in the config file will cause errors to be returned from SSL_CTX_new() and SSL_CTX_new_ex() if there is an error in the ssl module configuration.

  Tomáš Mráz

• An empty renegotiate extension will be used in TLS client hellos instead of the empty renegotiation SCSV, for all connections with a minimum TLS version > 1.0.

  Tim Perry

• Added support for integrity-only cipher suites TLS_SHA256_SHA256 and TLS_SHA384_SHA384 in TLS 1.3, as defined in RFC 9150.

  This work was sponsored by Siemens AG.

  Rajeev Ranjan

• Added support for requesting CRL in CMP.

  This work was sponsored by Siemens AG.

  Rajeev Ranjan

• Added support for issuedOnBehalfOf, auditIdentity, basicAttConstraints, userNotice, acceptablePrivilegePolicies, acceptableCertPolicies, subjectDirectoryAttributes, associatedInformation, delegatedNameConstraints, holderNameConstraints and targetingInformation X.509v3 extensions.

  Jonathan M. Wilbur

• Added Attribute Certificate (RFC 5755) support. Attribute Certificates can be created, parsed, modified and printed via the public API. There is no command-line tool support at this time.

  Damian Hobson-Garcia

• Added support to build Position Independent Executables (PIE). Configuration option enable-pie configures the cflag '-fPIE' and ldflag '-pie' to support Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) in the openssl executable, removes reliance on external toolchain configurations.

  Craig Lorentzen

• SSL_SESSION_get_time()/SSL_SESSION_set_time()/SSL_CTX_flush_sessions() have been deprecated in favour of their respective ..._ex() replacement functions which are Y2038-safe.

  Alexander Kanavin

• ECC groups may now customize their initialization to save CPU by using precomputed values. This is used by the P-256 implementation.

  Watson Ladd

OpenSSL 3.3

Changes between 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 [xx XXX xxxx]

• Fixed possible OOB memory access with invalid low-level GF(2^m) elliptic curve parameters.

  Use of the low-level GF(2^m) elliptic curve APIs with untrusted explicit values for the field polynomial can lead to out-of-bounds memory reads or writes. Applications working with "exotic" explicit binary (GF(2^m)) curve parameters, that make it possible to represent invalid field polynomials with a zero constant term, via the above or similar APIs, may terminate abruptly as a result of reading or writing outside of array bounds. Remote code execution cannot easily be ruled out.

  (CVE-2024-9143)

  Viktor Dukhovni

Changes between 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 [3 Sep 2024]

• Fixed possible denial of service in X.509 name checks.

  Applications performing certificate name checks (e.g., TLS clients checking server certificates) may attempt to read an invalid memory address when comparing the expected name with an otherName subject alternative name of an X.509 certificate. This may result in an exception that terminates the application program.

  (CVE-2024-6119)

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Fixed possible buffer overread in SSL_select_next_proto().

  Calling the OpenSSL API function SSL_select_next_proto with an empty supported client protocols buffer may cause a crash or memory contents to be sent to the peer.

  (CVE-2024-5535)

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 3.3.0 and 3.3.1 [4 Jun 2024]

• Fixed potential use after free after SSL_free_buffers() is called.

  The SSL_free_buffers function is used to free the internal OpenSSL buffer used when processing an incoming record from the network. The call is only expected to succeed if the buffer is not currently in use. However, two scenarios have been identified where the buffer is freed even when still in use.

  The first scenario occurs where a record header has been received from the network and processed by OpenSSL, but the full record body has not yet arrived. In this case calling SSL_free_buffers will succeed even though a record has only been partially processed and the buffer is still in use.

  The second scenario occurs where a full record containing application data has been received and processed by OpenSSL but the application has only read part of this data. Again a call to SSL_free_buffers will succeed even though the buffer is still in use.

  (CVE-2024-4741)

  Matt Caswell

• Fixed an issue where checking excessively long DSA keys or parameters may be very slow.

  Applications that use the functions EVP_PKEY_param_check() or EVP_PKEY_public_check() to check a DSA public key or DSA parameters may experience long delays. Where the key or parameters that are being checked have been obtained from an untrusted source this may lead to a Denial of Service.

  To resolve this issue DSA keys larger than OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS will now fail the check immediately with a DSA_R_MODULUS_TOO_LARGE error reason.

  (CVE-2024-4603)

  Tomáš Mráz

• Improved EC/DSA nonce generation routines to avoid bias and timing side channel leaks.

  Thanks to Florian Sieck from Universität zu Lübeck and George Pantelakis and Hubert Kario from Red Hat for reporting the issues.

  Tomáš Mráz and Paul Dale

Changes between 3.2 and 3.3.0 [9 Apr 2024]

• The -verify option to the openssl crl and openssl req will make the program exit with 1 on failure.

  Vladimír Kotal

• The BIO_get_new_index() function can only be called 127 times before it reaches its upper bound of BIO_TYPE_MASK. It will now correctly return an error of -1 once it is exhausted. Users may need to reserve using this function for cases where BIO_find_type() is required. Either BIO_TYPE_NONE or BIO_get_new_index() can be used to supply a type to BIO_meth_new().

  Shane Lontis

• Added API functions SSL_SESSION_get_time_ex(), SSL_SESSION_set_time_ex() using time_t which is Y2038 safe on 32 bit systems when 64 bit time is enabled (e.g via setting glibc macro _TIME_BITS=64).

  Ijtaba Hussain

• The d2i_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME(), d2i_ASN1_UTCTIME(), ASN1_TIME_check(), and related functions have been augmented to check for a minimum length of the input string, in accordance with ITU-T X.690 section 11.7 and 11.8.

  Job Snijders

• Unknown entries in TLS SignatureAlgorithms, ClientSignatureAlgorithms config options and the respective calls to SSL[_CTX]_set1_sigalgs() and SSL[_CTX]_set1_client_sigalgs() that start with ? character are ignored and the configuration will still be used.

  Similarly unknown entries that start with ? character in a TLS Groups config option or set with SSL[_CTX]_set1_groups_list() are ignored and the configuration will still be used.

  In both cases if the resulting list is empty, an error is returned.

  Tomáš Mráz

• The EVP_PKEY_fromdata function has been augmented to allow for the derivation of CRT (Chinese Remainder Theorem) parameters when requested. See the OSSL_PKEY_PARAM_RSA_DERIVE_FROM_PQ param in the EVP_PKEY-RSA documentation.

  Neil Horman

• The activate and soft_load configuration settings for providers in openssl.cnf have been updated to require a value of [1|yes|true|on] (in lower or UPPER case) to enable the setting. Conversely a value of [0|no|false|off] will disable the setting. All other values, or the omission of a value for these settings will result in an error.

  Neil Horman

• Added -set_issuer and -set_subject options to openssl x509 to override the Issuer and Subject when creating a certificate. The -subj option now is an alias for -set_subject.

  Job Snijders, George Michaelson

• OPENSSL_sk_push() and sk__push() functions now return 0 instead of -1 if called with a NULL stack argument.

  Tomáš Mráz

• In openssl speed, changed the default hash function used with hmac from md5 to sha256.

  James Muir

• Added several new features of CMPv3 defined in RFC 9480 and RFC 9483:

  • certProfile request message header and respective -profile CLI option
  • support for delayed delivery of all types of response messages

  David von Oheimb

• The build of exporters (such as .pc files for pkg-config) cleaned up to be less hard coded in the build file templates, and to allow easier addition of more exporters. With that, an exporter for CMake is also added.

  Richard Levitte

• The BLAKE2s hash algorithm matches BLAKE2b's support for configurable output length.

  Ahelenia Ziemiańska

• New option SSL_OP_PREFER_NO_DHE_KEX, which allows configuring a TLS1.3 server to prefer session resumption using PSK-only key exchange over PSK with DHE, if both are available.

  Markus Minichmayr, Tapkey GmbH

• New API SSL_write_ex2, which can be used to send an end-of-stream (FIN) condition in an optimised way when using QUIC.

  Hugo Landau

• New atexit configuration switch, which controls whether the OPENSSL_cleanup is registered when libcrypto is unloaded. This is turned off on NonStop configurations because of loader differences on that platform compared to Linux.

  Randall S. Becker

• Support for qlog for tracing QUIC connections has been added.

  The qlog output from OpenSSL currently uses a pre-standard draft version of qlog. The output from OpenSSL will change in incompatible ways in future releases, and is not subject to any format stability or compatibility guarantees at this time. This functionality can be disabled with the build-time option no-unstable-qlog. See the openssl-qlog(7) manpage for details.

  Hugo Landau

• Added APIs to allow configuring the negotiated idle timeout for QUIC connections, and to allow determining the number of additional streams that can currently be created for a QUIC connection.

  Hugo Landau

• Added APIs to allow disabling implicit QUIC event processing for QUIC SSL objects, allowing applications to control when event handling occurs. Refer to the SSL_get_value_uint(3) manpage for details.

  Hugo Landau

• Limited support for polling of QUIC connection and stream objects in a non-blocking manner. Refer to the SSL_poll(3) manpage for details.

  Hugo Landau

• Added APIs to allow querying the size and utilisation of a QUIC stream's write buffer. Refer to the SSL_get_value_uint(3) manpage for details.

  Hugo Landau

• New limit on HTTP response headers is introduced to HTTP client. The default limit is set to 256 header lines. If limit is exceeded the response processing stops with error HTTP_R_RESPONSE_TOO_MANY_HDRLINES. Application may call OSSL_HTTP_REQ_CTX_set_max_response_hdr_lines(3) to change the default. Setting the value to 0 disables the limit.

  Alexandr Nedvedicky

• Applied AES-GCM unroll8 optimisation to Microsoft Azure Cobalt 100

  Tom Cosgrove

• Added X509_STORE_get1_objects to avoid issues with the existing X509_STORE_get0_objects API in multi-threaded applications. Refer to the documentation for details.

  David Benjamin

• Added assembly implementation for md5 on loongarch64

  Min Zhou

• Optimized AES-CTR for ARM Neoverse V1 and V2

  Fisher Yu

• Enable AES and SHA3 optimisations on Apple Silicon M3-based MacOS systems similar to M1/M2.

  Tom Cosgrove

• Added a new EVP_DigestSqueeze() API. This allows SHAKE to squeeze multiple times with different output sizes.

  Shane Lontis, Holger Dengler

• Various optimizations for cryptographic routines using RISC-V vector crypto extensions

  Christoph Müllner, Charalampos Mitrodimas, Ard Biesheuvel, Phoebe Chen, Jerry Shih

• Accept longer context for TLS 1.2 exporters

  While RFC 5705 implies that the maximum length of a context for exporters is 65535 bytes as the length is embedded in uint16, the previous implementation enforced a much smaller limit, which is less than 1024 bytes. This restriction has been removed.

  Daiki Ueno

OpenSSL 3.2

Changes between 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 [xx XXX xxxx]

• Fixed an issue where some non-default TLS server configurations can cause unbounded memory growth when processing TLSv1.3 sessions. An attacker may exploit certain server configurations to trigger unbounded memory growth that would lead to a Denial of Service

  This problem can occur in TLSv1.3 if the non-default SSL_OP_NO_TICKET option is being used (but not if early_data is also configured and the default anti-replay protection is in use). In this case, under certain conditions, the session cache can get into an incorrect state and it will fail to flush properly as it fills. The session cache will continue to grow in an unbounded manner. A malicious client could deliberately create the scenario for this failure to force a Denial of Service. It may also happen by accident in normal operation.

  (CVE-2024-2511)

  Matt Caswell

• Fixed bug where SSL_export_keying_material() could not be used with QUIC connections. (#23560)

  Hugo Landau

Changes between 3.2.0 and 3.2.1 [30 Jan 2024]

• A file in PKCS12 format can contain certificates and keys and may come from an untrusted source. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL did not correctly check for this case. A fix has been applied to prevent a NULL pointer dereference that results in OpenSSL crashing. If an application processes PKCS12 files from an untrusted source using the OpenSSL APIs then that application will be vulnerable to this issue prior to this fix.

  OpenSSL APIs that were vulnerable to this are: PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes() and PKCS12_newpass().

  We have also fixed a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7(). However since this function is related to writing data we do not consider it security significant.

  (CVE-2024-0727)

  Matt Caswell

• When function EVP_PKEY_public_check() is called on RSA public keys, a computation is done to confirm that the RSA modulus, n, is composite. For valid RSA keys, n is a product of two or more large primes and this computation completes quickly. However, if n is an overly large prime, then this computation would take a long time.

  An application that calls EVP_PKEY_public_check() and supplies an RSA key obtained from an untrusted source could be vulnerable to a Denial of Service attack.

  The function EVP_PKEY_public_check() is not called from other OpenSSL functions however it is called from the OpenSSL pkey command line application. For that reason that application is also vulnerable if used with the "-pubin" and "-check" options on untrusted data.

  To resolve this issue RSA keys larger than OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS will now fail the check immediately with an RSA_R_MODULUS_TOO_LARGE error reason.

  (CVE-2023-6237)

  Tomáš Mráz

• Restore the encoding of SM2 PrivateKeyInfo and SubjectPublicKeyInfo to have the contained AlgorithmIdentifier.algorithm set to id-ecPublicKey rather than SM2.

  Richard Levitte

• The POLY1305 MAC (message authentication code) implementation in OpenSSL for PowerPC CPUs saves the contents of vector registers in different order than they are restored. Thus the contents of some of these vector registers is corrupted when returning to the caller. The vulnerable code is used only on newer PowerPC processors supporting the PowerISA 2.07 instructions.

  The consequences of this kind of internal application state corruption can be various - from no consequences, if the calling application does not depend on the contents of non-volatile XMM registers at all, to the worst consequences, where the attacker could get complete control of the application process. However unless the compiler uses the vector registers for storing pointers, the most likely consequence, if any, would be an incorrect result of some application dependent calculations or a crash leading to a denial of service.

  (CVE-2023-6129)

  Rohan McLure

• Disable building QUIC server utility when OpenSSL is configured with no-apps.

  Vitalii Koshura

Changes between 3.1 and 3.2.0 [23 Nov 2023]

• Fix excessive time spent in DH check / generation with large Q parameter value.

  Applications that use the functions DH_generate_key() to generate an X9.42 DH key may experience long delays. Likewise, applications that use DH_check_pub_key(), DH_check_pub_key_ex() or EVP_PKEY_public_check() to check an X9.42 DH key or X9.42 DH parameters may experience long delays. Where the key or parameters that are being checked have been obtained from an untrusted source this may lead to a Denial of Service.

  (CVE-2023-5678)

  Richard Levitte

• The BLAKE2b hash algorithm supports a configurable output length by setting the "size" parameter.

  Čestmír Kalina and Tomáš Mráz

• Enable extra Arm64 optimization on Windows for GHASH, RAND and AES.

  Evgeny Karpov

• Added a function to delete objects from store by URI - OSSL_STORE_delete() and the corresponding provider-storemgmt API function OSSL_FUNC_store_delete().

  Dmitry Belyavskiy

• Added OSSL_FUNC_store_open_ex() provider-storemgmt API function to pass a passphrase callback when opening a store.

  Simo Sorce

• Changed the default salt length used by PBES2 KDF's (PBKDF2 and scrypt) from 8 bytes to 16 bytes. The PKCS5 (RFC 8018) standard uses a 64 bit salt length for PBE, and recommends a minimum of 64 bits for PBES2. For FIPS compliance PBKDF2 requires a salt length of 128 bits. This affects OpenSSL command line applications such as "genrsa" and "pkcs8" and API's such as PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey() that are reliant on the default value. The additional commandline option 'saltlen' has been added to the OpenSSL command line applications for "pkcs8" and "enc" to allow the salt length to be set to a non default value.

  Shane Lontis

• Changed the default value of the ess_cert_id_alg configuration option which is used to calculate the TSA's public key certificate identifier. The default algorithm is updated to be sha256 instead of sha1.

  Małgorzata Olszówka

• Added optimization for SM2 algorithm on aarch64. It uses a huge precomputed table for point multiplication of the base point, which increases the size of libcrypto from 4.4 MB to 4.9 MB. A new configure option no-sm2-precomp has been added to disable the precomputed table.

  Xu Yizhou

• Added client side support for QUIC

  Hugo Landau, Matt Caswell, Paul Dale, Tomáš Mráz, Richard Levitte

• Added multiple tutorials on the OpenSSL library and in particular on writing various clients (using TLS and QUIC protocols) with libssl.

  Matt Caswell

• Added secp384r1 implementation using Solinas' reduction to improve speed of the NIST P-384 elliptic curve. To enable the implementation the build option enable-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128 must be used.

  Rohan McLure

• Improved RFC7468 compliance of the asn1parse command.

  Matthias St. Pierre

• Added SHA256/192 algorithm support.

  Fergus Dall

• Added support for securely getting root CA certificate update in CMP.

  David von Oheimb

• Improved contention on global write locks by using more read locks where appropriate.

  Matt Caswell

• Improved performance of OSSL_PARAM lookups in performance critical provider functions.

  Paul Dale

• Added the SSL_get0_group_name() function to provide access to the name of the group used for the TLS key exchange.

  Alex Bozarth

• Provide a new configure option no-http that can be used to disable the HTTP support. Provide new configure options no-apps and no-docs to disable building the openssl command line application and the documentation.

  Vladimír Kotal

• Provide a new configure option no-ecx that can be used to disable the X25519, X448, and EdDSA support.

  Yi Li

• When multiple OSSL_KDF_PARAM_INFO parameters are passed to the EVP_KDF_CTX_set_params() function they are now concatenated not just for the HKDF algorithm but also for SSKDF and X9.63 KDF algorithms.

  Paul Dale

• Added OSSL_FUNC_keymgmt_im/export_types_ex() provider functions that get the provider context as a parameter.

  Ingo Franzki

• TLS round-trip time calculation was added by a Brigham Young University Capstone team partnering with Sandia National Laboratories. A new function in ssl_lib titled SSL_get_handshake_rtt will calculate and retrieve this value.

  Jairus Christensen

• Added the "-quic" option to s_client to enable connectivity to QUIC servers. QUIC requires the use of ALPN, so this must be specified via the "-alpn" option. Use of the "advanced" s_client command command via the "-adv" option is recommended.

  Matt Caswell

• Added an "advanced" command mode to s_client. Use this with the "-adv" option. The old "basic" command mode recognises certain letters that must always appear at the start of a line and cannot be escaped. The advanced command mode enables commands to be entered anywhere and there is an escaping mechanism. After starting s_client with "-adv" type "{help}" to show a list of available commands.

  Matt Caswell

• Add Raw Public Key (RFC7250) support. Authentication is supported by matching keys against either local policy (TLSA records synthesised from the expected keys) or DANE (TLSA records obtained by the application from DNS). TLSA records will also match the same key in the server certificate, should RPK use not happen to be negotiated.

  Todd Short

• Added support for modular exponentiation and CRT offloading for the S390x architecture.

  Juergen Christ

• Added further assembler code for the RISC-V architecture.

  Christoph Müllner

• Added EC_GROUP_to_params() which creates an OSSL_PARAM array from a given EC_GROUP.

  Oliver Mihatsch

• Improved support for non-default library contexts and property queries when parsing PKCS#12 files.

  Shane Lontis

• Implemented support for all five instances of EdDSA from RFC8032: Ed25519, Ed25519ctx, Ed25519ph, Ed448, and Ed448ph. The streaming is not yet supported for the HashEdDSA variants (Ed25519ph and Ed448ph).

  James Muir

• Added SM4 optimization for ARM processors using ASIMD and AES HW instructions.

  Xu Yizhou

• Implemented SM4-XTS support.

  Xu Yizhou

• Added platform-agnostic OSSL_sleep() function.

  Richard Levitte

• Implemented deterministic ECDSA signatures (RFC6979) support.

  Shane Lontis

• Implemented AES-GCM-SIV (RFC8452) support.

  Todd Short

• Added support for pluggable (provider-based) TLS signature algorithms. This enables TLS 1.3 authentication operations with algorithms embedded in providers not included by default in OpenSSL. In combination with the already available pluggable KEM and X.509 support, this enables for example suitable providers to deliver post-quantum or quantum-safe cryptography to OpenSSL users.

  Michael Baentsch

• Added support for pluggable (provider-based) CMS signature algorithms. This enables CMS sign and verify operations with algorithms embedded in providers not included by default in OpenSSL.

  Michael Baentsch

• Added support for Hybrid Public Key Encryption (HPKE) as defined in RFC9180. HPKE is required for TLS Encrypted ClientHello (ECH), Message Layer Security (MLS) and other IETF specifications. HPKE can also be used by other applications that require encrypting "to" an ECDH public key. External APIs are defined in include/openssl/hpke.h and documented in doc/man3/OSSL_HPKE_CTX_new.pod

  Stephen Farrell

• Implemented HPKE DHKEM support in providers used by HPKE (RFC9180) API.

  Shane Lontis

• Add support for certificate compression (RFC8879), including library support for Brotli and Zstandard compression.

  Todd Short

• Add the ability to add custom attributes to PKCS12 files. Add a new API PKCS12_create_ex2, identical to the existing PKCS12_create_ex but allows for a user specified callback and optional argument. Added a new PKCS12_SAFEBAG_set0_attr, which allows for a new attr to be added to the existing STACK_OF attrs.

  Graham Woodward

• Major refactor of the libssl record layer.

  Matt Caswell

• Add a mac salt length option for the pkcs12 command.

  Xinping Chen

• Add more SRTP protection profiles from RFC8723 and RFC8269.

  Kijin Kim

• Extended Kernel TLS (KTLS) to support TLS 1.3 receive offload.

  Daiki Ueno, John Baldwin and Dmitry Podgorny

• Add support for TCP Fast Open (RFC7413) to macOS, Linux, and FreeBSD where supported and enabled.

  Todd Short

• Add ciphersuites based on DHE_PSK (RFC 4279) and ECDHE_PSK (RFC 5489) to the list of ciphersuites providing Perfect Forward Secrecy as required by SECLEVEL >= 3.

  Dmitry Belyavskiy, Nicola Tuveri

• Add new SSL APIs to aid in efficiently implementing TLS/SSL fingerprinting. The SSL_CTRL_GET_IANA_GROUPS control code, exposed as the SSL_get0_iana_groups() function-like macro, retrieves the list of supported groups sent by the peer. The function SSL_client_hello_get_extension_order() populates a caller-supplied array with the list of extension types present in the ClientHello, in order of appearance.

  Phus Lu

• Fixed PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey() and PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid() to make it possible to use empty passphrase strings.

  Darshan Sen

• The PKCS12_parse() function now supports MAC-less PKCS12 files.

  Daniel Fiala

• Added ASYNC_set_mem_functions() and ASYNC_get_mem_functions() calls to be able to change functions used for allocating the memory of asynchronous call stack.

  Arran Cudbard-Bell

• Added support for signed BIGNUMs in the OSSL_PARAM APIs.

  Richard Levitte

• A failure exit code is returned when using the openssl x509 command to check certificate attributes and the checks fail.

  Rami Khaldi

• The default SSL/TLS security level has been changed from 1 to 2. RSA, DSA and DH keys of 1024 bits and above and less than 2048 bits and ECC keys of 160 bits and above and less than 224 bits were previously accepted by default but are now no longer allowed. By default TLS compression was already disabled in previous OpenSSL versions. At security level 2 it cannot be enabled.

  Matt Caswell

• The SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list family functions now accept ciphers using their IANA standard names.

  Erik Lax

• The PVK key derivation function has been moved from b2i_PVK_bio_ex() into the legacy crypto provider as an EVP_KDF. Applications requiring this KDF will need to load the legacy crypto provider.

  Paul Dale

• CCM8 cipher suites in TLS have been downgraded to security level zero because they use a short authentication tag which lowers their strength.

  Paul Dale

• Subject or issuer names in X.509 objects are now displayed as UTF-8 strings by default. Also spaces surrounding = in DN output are removed.

  Dmitry Belyavskiy

• Add X.509 certificate codeSigning purpose and related checks on key usage and extended key usage of the leaf certificate according to the CA/Browser Forum.

  • Lutz Jänicke*

• The x509, ca, and req commands now produce X.509 v3 certificates. The -x509v1 option of req prefers generation of X.509 v1 certificates. X509_sign() and X509_sign_ctx() make sure that the certificate has X.509 version 3 if the certificate information includes X.509 extensions.

  David von Oheimb

• Fix and extend certificate handling and the commands x509, verify etc. such as adding a trace facility for debugging certificate chain building.

  David von Oheimb

• Various fixes and extensions to the CMP+CRMF implementation and the cmp app in particular supporting requests for central key generation, generalized polling, and various types of genm/genp exchanges defined in CMP Updates.

  David von Oheimb

• Fixes and extensions to the HTTP client and to the HTTP server in apps/ like correcting the TLS and proxy support and adding tracing for debugging.

  David von Oheimb

• Extended the CMS API for handling CMS_SignedData and CMS_EnvelopedData.

  David von Oheimb

• CMS_add0_cert() and CMS_add1_cert() no longer throw an error if a certificate to be added is already present. CMS_sign_ex() and CMS_sign() now ignore any duplicate certificates in their certs argument and no longer throw an error for them.

  David von Oheimb

• Fixed and extended util/check-format.pl for checking adherence to the coding style https://www.openssl.org/policies/technical/coding-style.html. The checks are meanwhile more complete and yield fewer false positives.

  David von Oheimb

• Added BIO_s_dgram_pair() and BIO_s_dgram_mem() that provide memory-based BIOs with datagram semantics and support for BIO_sendmmsg() and BIO_recvmmsg() calls. They can be used as the transport BIOs for QUIC.

  Hugo Landau, Matt Caswell and Tomáš Mráz

• Add new BIO_sendmmsg() and BIO_recvmmsg() BIO methods which allow sending and receiving multiple messages in a single call. An implementation is provided for BIO_dgram. For further details, see BIO_sendmmsg(3).

  Hugo Landau

• Support for loading root certificates from the Windows certificate store has been added. The support is in the form of a store which recognises the URI string of org.openssl.winstore://. This URI scheme currently takes no arguments. This store is built by default and can be disabled using the new compile-time option no-winstore. This store is not currently used by default and must be loaded explicitly using the above store URI. It is expected to be loaded by default in the future.

  Hugo Landau

• Enable KTLS with the TLS 1.3 CCM mode ciphersuites. Note that some linux kernel versions that support KTLS have a known bug in CCM processing. That has been fixed in stable releases starting from 5.4.164, 5.10.84, 5.15.7, and all releases since 5.16. KTLS with CCM ciphersuites should be only used on these releases.

  Tianjia Zhang

• Added -ktls option to s_server and s_client commands to enable the KTLS support.

  Tianjia Zhang

• Zerocopy KTLS sendfile() support on Linux.

  Maxim Mikityanskiy

• The OBJ_ calls are now thread safe using a global lock.

  Paul Dale

• New parameter -digest for openssl cms command allowing signing pre-computed digests and new CMS API functions supporting that functionality.

  Viktor Söderqvist

• OPENSSL_malloc() and other allocation functions now raise errors on allocation failures. The callers do not need to explicitly raise errors unless they want to for tracing purposes.

  David von Oheimb

• Added and enabled by default implicit rejection in RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 decryption as a protection against Bleichenbacher-like attacks. The RSA decryption API will now return a randomly generated deterministic message instead of an error in case it detects an error when checking padding during PKCS#1 v1.5 decryption. This is a general protection against issues like CVE-2020-25659 and CVE-2020-25657. This protection can be disabled by calling EVP_PKEY_CTX_ctrl_str(ctx, "rsa_pkcs1_implicit_rejection". "0") on the RSA decryption context.

  Hubert Kario

• Added support for Brainpool curves in TLS-1.3.

  Bernd Edlinger and Matt Caswell

• Added OpenBSD specific build targets.

  David Carlier

• Support for Argon2d, Argon2i, Argon2id KDFs has been added along with a basic thread pool implementation for select platforms.

  Čestmír Kalina

OpenSSL 3.1

Changes between 3.1.3 and 3.1.4 [24 Oct 2023]

• Fix incorrect key and IV resizing issues when calling EVP_EncryptInit_ex2(), EVP_DecryptInit_ex2() or EVP_CipherInit_ex2() with OSSL_PARAM parameters that alter the key or IV length (CVE-2023-5363).

  Paul Dale

Changes between 3.1.2 and 3.1.3 [19 Sep 2023]

• Fix POLY1305 MAC implementation corrupting XMM registers on Windows.

  The POLY1305 MAC (message authentication code) implementation in OpenSSL does not save the contents of non-volatile XMM registers on Windows 64 platform when calculating the MAC of data larger than 64 bytes. Before returning to the caller all the XMM registers are set to zero rather than restoring their previous content. The vulnerable code is used only on newer x86_64 processors supporting the AVX512-IFMA instructions.

  The consequences of this kind of internal application state corruption can be various - from no consequences, if the calling application does not depend on the contents of non-volatile XMM registers at all, to the worst consequences, where the attacker could get complete control of the application process. However given the contents of the registers are just zeroized so the attacker cannot put arbitrary values inside, the most likely consequence, if any, would be an incorrect result of some application dependent calculations or a crash leading to a denial of service.

  (CVE-2023-4807)

  Bernd Edlinger

Changes between 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 [1 Aug 2023]

• Fix excessive time spent checking DH q parameter value.

  The function DH_check() performs various checks on DH parameters. After fixing CVE-2023-3446 it was discovered that a large q parameter value can also trigger an overly long computation during some of these checks. A correct q value, if present, cannot be larger than the modulus p parameter, thus it is unnecessary to perform these checks if q is larger than p.

  If DH_check() is called with such q parameter value, DH_CHECK_INVALID_Q_VALUE return flag is set and the computationally intensive checks are skipped.

  (CVE-2023-3817)

  Tomáš Mráz

• Fix DH_check() excessive time with over sized modulus.

  The function DH_check() performs various checks on DH parameters. One of those checks confirms that the modulus ("p" parameter) is not too large. Trying to use a very large modulus is slow and OpenSSL will not normally use a modulus which is over 10,000 bits in length.

  However the DH_check() function checks numerous aspects of the key or parameters that have been supplied. Some of those checks use the supplied modulus value even if it has already been found to be too large.

  A new limit has been added to DH_check of 32,768 bits. Supplying a key/parameters with a modulus over this size will simply cause DH_check() to fail.

  (CVE-2023-3446)

  Matt Caswell

• Do not ignore empty associated data entries with AES-SIV.

  The AES-SIV algorithm allows for authentication of multiple associated data entries along with the encryption. To authenticate empty data the application has to call EVP_EncryptUpdate() (or EVP_CipherUpdate()) with NULL pointer as the output buffer and 0 as the input buffer length. The AES-SIV implementation in OpenSSL just returns success for such call instead of performing the associated data authentication operation. The empty data thus will not be authenticated. (CVE-2023-2975)

  Thanks to Juerg Wullschleger (Google) for discovering the issue.

  The fix changes the authentication tag value and the ciphertext for applications that use empty associated data entries with AES-SIV. To decrypt data encrypted with previous versions of OpenSSL the application has to skip calls to EVP_DecryptUpdate() for empty associated data entries.

  Tomáš Mráz

• When building with the enable-fips option and using the resulting FIPS provider, TLS 1.2 will, by default, mandate the use of an extended master secret (FIPS 140-3 IG G.Q) and the Hash and HMAC DRBGs will not operate with truncated digests (FIPS 140-3 IG G.R).

  Paul Dale

Changes between 3.1.0 and 3.1.1 [30 May 2023]

• Mitigate for the time it takes for OBJ_obj2txt to translate gigantic OBJECT IDENTIFIER sub-identifiers to canonical numeric text form.

  OBJ_obj2txt() would translate any size OBJECT IDENTIFIER to canonical numeric text form. For gigantic sub-identifiers, this would take a very long time, the time complexity being O(n^2) where n is the size of that sub-identifier. (CVE-2023-2650)

  To mitigitate this, OBJ_obj2txt() will only translate an OBJECT IDENTIFIER to canonical numeric text form if the size of that OBJECT IDENTIFIER is 586 bytes or less, and fail otherwise.

  The basis for this restriction is RFC 2578 (STD 58), section 3.5. OBJECT IDENTIFIER values, which stipulates that OBJECT IDENTIFIERS may have at most 128 sub-identifiers, and that the maximum value that each sub- identifier may have is 2^32-1 (4294967295 decimal).

  For each byte of every sub-identifier, only the 7 lower bits are part of the value, so the maximum amount of bytes that an OBJECT IDENTIFIER with these restrictions may occupy is 32 * 128 / 7, which is approximately 586 bytes.

  Richard Levitte

• Multiple algorithm implementation fixes for ARM BE platforms.

  Liu-ErMeng

• Added a -pedantic option to fipsinstall that adjusts the various settings to ensure strict FIPS compliance rather than backwards compatibility.

  Paul Dale

• Fixed buffer overread in AES-XTS decryption on ARM 64 bit platforms which happens if the buffer size is 4 mod 5 in 16 byte AES blocks. This can trigger a crash of an application using AES-XTS decryption if the memory just after the buffer being decrypted is not mapped. Thanks to Anton Romanov (Amazon) for discovering the issue. (CVE-2023-1255)

  Nevine Ebeid

• Reworked the Fix for the Timing Oracle in RSA Decryption (CVE-2022-4304). The previous fix for this timing side channel turned out to cause a severe 2-3x performance regression in the typical use case compared to 3.0.7. The new fix uses existing constant time code paths, and restores the previous performance level while fully eliminating all existing timing side channels. The fix was developed by Bernd Edlinger with testing support by Hubert Kario.

  Bernd Edlinger

• Add FIPS provider configuration option to disallow the use of truncated digests with Hash and HMAC DRBGs (q.v. FIPS 140-3 IG D.R.). The option '-no_drbg_truncated_digests' can optionally be supplied to 'openssl fipsinstall'.

  Paul Dale

• Corrected documentation of X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_policy() to mention that it does not enable policy checking. Thanks to David Benjamin for discovering this issue. (CVE-2023-0466)

  Tomáš Mráz

• Fixed an issue where invalid certificate policies in leaf certificates are silently ignored by OpenSSL and other certificate policy checks are skipped for that certificate. A malicious CA could use this to deliberately assert invalid certificate policies in order to circumvent policy checking on the certificate altogether. (CVE-2023-0465)

  Matt Caswell

• Limited the number of nodes created in a policy tree to mitigate against CVE-2023-0464. The default limit is set to 1000 nodes, which should be sufficient for most installations. If required, the limit can be adjusted by setting the OPENSSL_POLICY_TREE_NODES_MAX build time define to a desired maximum number of nodes or zero to allow unlimited growth. (CVE-2023-0464)

  Paul Dale

Changes between 3.0 and 3.1.0 [14 Mar 2023]

• Add FIPS provider configuration option to enforce the Extended Master Secret (EMS) check during the TLS1_PRF KDF. The option '-ems_check' can optionally be supplied to 'openssl fipsinstall'.

  Shane Lontis

• The FIPS provider includes a few non-approved algorithms for backward compatibility purposes and the "fips=yes" property query must be used for all algorithm fetches to ensure FIPS compliance.

  The algorithms that are included but not approved are Triple DES ECB, Triple DES CBC and EdDSA.

  Paul Dale

• Added support for KMAC in KBKDF.

  Shane Lontis

• RNDR and RNDRRS support in provider functions to provide random number generation for Arm CPUs (aarch64).

  Orr Toledano

• s_client and s_server commands now explicitly say when the TLS version does not include the renegotiation mechanism. This avoids confusion between that scenario versus when the TLS version includes secure renegotiation but the peer lacks support for it.

  Felipe Gasper

• AES-GCM enabled with AVX512 vAES and vPCLMULQDQ.

  Tomasz Kantecki, Andrey Matyukov

• The various OBJ_* functions have been made thread safe.

  Paul Dale

• Parallel dual-prime 1536/2048-bit modular exponentiation for AVX512_IFMA capable processors.

  Sergey Kirillov, Andrey Matyukov (Intel Corp)

• The functions OPENSSL_LH_stats, OPENSSL_LH_node_stats, OPENSSL_LH_node_usage_stats, OPENSSL_LH_stats_bio, OPENSSL_LH_node_stats_bio and OPENSSL_LH_node_usage_stats_bio are now marked deprecated from OpenSSL 3.1 onwards and can be disabled by defining OPENSSL_NO_DEPRECATED_3_1.

  The macro DEFINE_LHASH_OF is now deprecated in favour of the macro DEFINE_LHASH_OF_EX, which omits the corresponding type-specific function definitions for these functions regardless of whether OPENSSL_NO_DEPRECATED_3_1 is defined.

  Users of DEFINE_LHASH_OF may start receiving deprecation warnings for these functions regardless of whether they are using them. It is recommended that users transition to the new macro, DEFINE_LHASH_OF_EX.

  Hugo Landau

• When generating safe-prime DH parameters set the recommended private key length equivalent to minimum key lengths as in RFC 7919.

  Tomáš Mráz

• Change the default salt length for PKCS#1 RSASSA-PSS signatures to the maximum size that is smaller or equal to the digest length to comply with FIPS 186-4 section 5. This is implemented by a new option OSSL_PKEY_RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_AUTO_DIGEST_MAX ("auto-digestmax") for the rsa_pss_saltlen parameter, which is now the default. Signature verification is not affected by this change and continues to work as before.

  Clemens Lang

OpenSSL 3.0

For OpenSSL 3.0 a Migration guide has been added, so the CHANGES entries listed here are only a brief description. The migration guide contains more detailed information related to new features, breaking changes, and mappings for the large list of deprecated functions.

Changes between 3.0.7 and 3.0.8 [7 Feb 2023]

• Fixed NULL dereference during PKCS7 data verification.

  A NULL pointer can be dereferenced when signatures are being verified on PKCS7 signed or signedAndEnveloped data. In case the hash algorithm used for the signature is known to the OpenSSL library but the implementation of the hash algorithm is not available the digest initialization will fail. There is a missing check for the return value from the initialization function which later leads to invalid usage of the digest API most likely leading to a crash. (CVE-2023-0401)

  PKCS7 data is processed by the SMIME library calls and also by the time stamp (TS) library calls. The TLS implementation in OpenSSL does not call these functions however third party applications would be affected if they call these functions to verify signatures on untrusted data.

  Tomáš Mráz

• Fixed X.400 address type confusion in X.509 GeneralName.

  There is a type confusion vulnerability relating to X.400 address processing inside an X.509 GeneralName. X.400 addresses were parsed as an ASN1_STRING but the public structure definition for GENERAL_NAME incorrectly specified the type of the x400Address field as ASN1_TYPE. This field is subsequently interpreted by the OpenSSL function GENERAL_NAME_cmp as an ASN1_TYPE rather than an ASN1_STRING.

  When CRL checking is enabled (i.e. the application sets the X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK flag), this vulnerability may allow an attacker to pass arbitrary pointers to a memcmp call, enabling them to read memory contents or enact a denial of service. (CVE-2023-0286)

  Hugo Landau

• Fixed NULL dereference validating DSA public key.

  An invalid pointer dereference on read can be triggered when an application tries to check a malformed DSA public key by the EVP_PKEY_public_check() function. This will most likely lead to an application crash. This function can be called on public keys supplied from untrusted sources which could allow an attacker to cause a denial of service attack.

  The TLS implementation in OpenSSL does not call this function but applications might call the function if there are additional security requirements imposed by standards such as FIPS 140-3. (CVE-2023-0217)

  Shane Lontis, Tomáš Mráz

• Fixed Invalid pointer dereference in d2i_PKCS7 functions.

  An invalid pointer dereference on read can be triggered when an application tries to load malformed PKCS7 data with the d2i_PKCS7(), d2i_PKCS7_bio() or d2i_PKCS7_fp() functions.

  The result of the dereference is an application crash which could lead to a denial of service attack. The TLS implementation in OpenSSL does not call this function however third party applications might call these functions on untrusted data. (CVE-2023-0216)

  Tomáš Mráz

• Fixed Use-after-free following BIO_new_NDEF.

  The public API function BIO_new_NDEF is a helper function used for streaming ASN.1 data via a BIO. It is primarily used internally to OpenSSL to support the SMIME, CMS and PKCS7 streaming capabilities, but may also be called directly by end user applications.

  The function receives a BIO from the caller, prepends a new BIO_f_asn1 filter BIO onto the front of it to form a BIO chain, and then returns the new head of the BIO chain to the caller. Under certain conditions, for example if a CMS recipient public key is invalid, the new filter BIO is freed and the function returns a NULL result indicating a failure. However, in this case, the BIO chain is not properly cleaned up and the BIO passed by the caller still retains internal pointers to the previously freed filter BIO. If the caller then goes on to call BIO_pop() on the BIO then a use-after-free will occur. This will most likely result in a crash. (CVE-2023-0215)

  Viktor Dukhovni, Matt Caswell

• Fixed Double free after calling PEM_read_bio_ex.

  The function PEM_read_bio_ex() reads a PEM file from a BIO and parses and decodes the "name" (e.g. "CERTIFICATE"), any header data and the payload data. If the function succeeds then the "name_out", "header" and "data" arguments are populated with pointers to buffers containing the relevant decoded data. The caller is responsible for freeing those buffers. It is possible to construct a PEM file that results in 0 bytes of payload data. In this case PEM_read_bio_ex() will return a failure code but will populate the header argument with a pointer to a buffer that has already been freed. If the caller also frees this buffer then a double free will occur. This will most likely lead to a crash.

  The functions PEM_read_bio() and PEM_read() are simple wrappers around PEM_read_bio_ex() and therefore these functions are also directly affected.

  These functions are also called indirectly by a number of other OpenSSL functions including PEM_X509_INFO_read_bio_ex() and SSL_CTX_use_serverinfo_file() which are also vulnerable. Some OpenSSL internal uses of these functions are not vulnerable because the caller does not free the header argument if PEM_read_bio_ex() returns a failure code. (CVE-2022-4450)

  Kurt Roeckx, Matt Caswell

• Fixed Timing Oracle in RSA Decryption.

  A timing based side channel exists in the OpenSSL RSA Decryption implementation which could be sufficient to recover a plaintext across a network in a Bleichenbacher style attack. To achieve a successful decryption an attacker would have to be able to send a very large number of trial messages for decryption. The vulnerability affects all RSA padding modes: PKCS#1 v1.5, RSA-OEAP and RSASVE. (CVE-2022-4304)

  Dmitry Belyavsky, Hubert Kario

• Fixed X.509 Name Constraints Read Buffer Overflow.

  A read buffer overrun can be triggered in X.509 certificate verification, specifically in name constraint checking. The read buffer overrun might result in a crash which could lead to a denial of service attack. In a TLS client, this can be triggered by connecting to a malicious server. In a TLS server, this can be triggered if the server requests client authentication and a malicious client connects. (CVE-2022-4203)

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Fixed X.509 Policy Constraints Double Locking security issue.

  If an X.509 certificate contains a malformed policy constraint and policy processing is enabled, then a write lock will be taken twice recursively. On some operating systems (most widely: Windows) this results in a denial of service when the affected process hangs. Policy processing being enabled on a publicly facing server is not considered to be a common setup. (CVE-2022-3996)

  Paul Dale

• Our provider implementations of OSSL_FUNC_KEYMGMT_EXPORT and OSSL_FUNC_KEYMGMT_GET_PARAMS for EC and SM2 keys now honor OSSL_PKEY_PARAM_EC_POINT_CONVERSION_FORMAT as set (and default to POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED) when exporting OSSL_PKEY_PARAM_PUB_KEY, instead of unconditionally using POINT_CONVERSION_COMPRESSED as in previous 3.x releases. For symmetry, our implementation of EVP_PKEY_ASN1_METHOD->export_to for legacy EC and SM2 keys is also changed similarly to honor the equivalent conversion format flag as specified in the underlying EC_KEY object being exported to a provider, when this function is called through EVP_PKEY_export().

  Nicola Tuveri

Changes between 3.0.6 and 3.0.7 [1 Nov 2022]

• Fixed two buffer overflows in punycode decoding functions.

  A buffer overrun can be triggered in X.509 certificate verification, specifically in name constraint checking. Note that this occurs after certificate chain signature verification and requires either a CA to have signed the malicious certificate or for the application to continue certificate verification despite failure to construct a path to a trusted issuer.

  In a TLS client, this can be triggered by connecting to a malicious server. In a TLS server, this can be triggered if the server requests client authentication and a malicious client connects.

  An attacker can craft a malicious email address to overflow an arbitrary number of bytes containing the . character (decimal 46) on the stack. This buffer overflow could result in a crash (causing a denial of service). ([CVE-2022-3786])

  An attacker can craft a malicious email address to overflow four attacker-controlled bytes on the stack. This buffer overflow could result in a crash (causing a denial of service) or potentially remote code execution depending on stack layout for any given platform/compiler. ([CVE-2022-3602])

  Paul Dale

• Removed all references to invalid OSSL_PKEY_PARAM_RSA names for CRT parameters in OpenSSL code. Applications should not use the names OSSL_PKEY_PARAM_RSA_FACTOR, OSSL_PKEY_PARAM_RSA_EXPONENT and OSSL_PKEY_PARAM_RSA_COEFFICIENT. Use the numbered names such as OSSL_PKEY_PARAM_RSA_FACTOR1 instead. Using these invalid names may cause algorithms to use slower methods that ignore the CRT parameters.

  Shane Lontis

• Fixed a regression introduced in 3.0.6 version raising errors on some stack operations.

  Tomáš Mráz

• Fixed a regression introduced in 3.0.6 version not refreshing the certificate data to be signed before signing the certificate.

  Gibeom Gwon

• Added RIPEMD160 to the default provider.

  Paul Dale

• Ensured that the key share group sent or accepted for the key exchange is allowed for the protocol version.

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 3.0.5 and 3.0.6 [11 Oct 2022]

• OpenSSL supports creating a custom cipher via the legacy EVP_CIPHER_meth_new() function and associated function calls. This function was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0 and application authors are instead encouraged to use the new provider mechanism in order to implement custom ciphers.

  OpenSSL versions 3.0.0 to 3.0.5 incorrectly handle legacy custom ciphers passed to the EVP_EncryptInit_ex2(), EVP_DecryptInit_ex2() and EVP_CipherInit_ex2() functions (as well as other similarly named encryption and decryption initialisation functions). Instead of using the custom cipher directly it incorrectly tries to fetch an equivalent cipher from the available providers. An equivalent cipher is found based on the NID passed to EVP_CIPHER_meth_new(). This NID is supposed to represent the unique NID for a given cipher. However it is possible for an application to incorrectly pass NID_undef as this value in the call to EVP_CIPHER_meth_new(). When NID_undef is used in this way the OpenSSL encryption/decryption initialisation function will match the NULL cipher as being equivalent and will fetch this from the available providers. This will succeed if the default provider has been loaded (or if a third party provider has been loaded that offers this cipher). Using the NULL cipher means that the plaintext is emitted as the ciphertext.

  Applications are only affected by this issue if they call EVP_CIPHER_meth_new() using NID_undef and subsequently use it in a call to an encryption/decryption initialisation function. Applications that only use SSL/TLS are not impacted by this issue. ([CVE-2022-3358])

  Matt Caswell

• Fix LLVM vs Apple LLVM version numbering confusion that caused build failures on MacOS 10.11

  Richard Levitte

• Fixed the linux-mips64 Configure target which was missing the SIXTY_FOUR_BIT bn_ops flag. This was causing heap corruption on that platform.

  Adam Joseph

• Fix handling of a ticket key callback that returns 0 in TLSv1.3 to not send a ticket

  Matt Caswell

• Correctly handle a retransmitted ClientHello in DTLS

  Matt Caswell

• Fixed detection of ktls support in cross-compile environment on Linux

  Tomas Mraz

• Fixed some regressions and test failures when running the 3.0.0 FIPS provider against 3.0.x

  Paul Dale

• Fixed SSL_pending() and SSL_has_pending() with DTLS which were failing to report correct results in some cases

  Matt Caswell

• Fix UWP builds by defining VirtualLock

  Charles Milette

• For known safe primes use the minimum key length according to RFC 7919. Longer private key sizes unnecessarily raise the cycles needed to compute the shared secret without any increase of the real security. This fixes a regression from 1.1.1 where these shorter keys were generated for the known safe primes.

  Tomas Mraz

• Added the loongarch64 target

  Shi Pujin

• Fixed EC ASM flag passing. Flags for ASM implementations of EC curves were only passed to the FIPS provider and not to the default or legacy provider.

  Juergen Christ

• Fixed reported performance degradation on aarch64. Restored the implementation prior to commit 2621751 ("aes/asm/aesv8-armx.pl: avoid 32-bit lane assignment in CTR mode") for 64bit targets only, since it is reportedly 2-17% slower and the silicon errata only affects 32bit targets. The new algorithm is still used for 32 bit targets.

  Bernd Edlinger

• Added a missing header for memcmp that caused compilation failure on some platforms

  Gregor Jasny

Changes between 3.0.4 and 3.0.5 [5 Jul 2022]

• The OpenSSL 3.0.4 release introduced a serious bug in the RSA implementation for X86_64 CPUs supporting the AVX512IFMA instructions. This issue makes the RSA implementation with 2048 bit private keys incorrect on such machines and memory corruption will happen during the computation. As a consequence of the memory corruption an attacker may be able to trigger a remote code execution on the machine performing the computation.

  SSL/TLS servers or other servers using 2048 bit RSA private keys running on machines supporting AVX512IFMA instructions of the X86_64 architecture are affected by this issue. (CVE-2022-2274)

  Xi Ruoyao

• AES OCB mode for 32-bit x86 platforms using the AES-NI assembly optimised implementation would not encrypt the entirety of the data under some circumstances. This could reveal sixteen bytes of data that was preexisting in the memory that wasn't written. In the special case of "in place" encryption, sixteen bytes of the plaintext would be revealed.

  Since OpenSSL does not support OCB based cipher suites for TLS and DTLS, they are both unaffected. (CVE-2022-2097)

  Alex Chernyakhovsky, David Benjamin, Alejandro Sedeño

Changes between 3.0.3 and 3.0.4 [21 Jun 2022]

• In addition to the c_rehash shell command injection identified in CVE-2022-1292, further bugs where the c_rehash script does not properly sanitise shell metacharacters to prevent command injection have been fixed.

  When the CVE-2022-1292 was fixed it was not discovered that there are other places in the script where the file names of certificates being hashed were possibly passed to a command executed through the shell.

  This script is distributed by some operating systems in a manner where it is automatically executed. On such operating systems, an attacker could execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the script.

  Use of the c_rehash script is considered obsolete and should be replaced by the OpenSSL rehash command line tool. (CVE-2022-2068)

  Daniel Fiala, Tomáš Mráz

• Case insensitive string comparison no longer uses locales. It has instead been directly implemented.

  Paul Dale

Changes between 3.0.2 and 3.0.3 [3 May 2022]

• Case insensitive string comparison is reimplemented via new locale-agnostic comparison functions OPENSSL_str[n]casecmp always using the POSIX locale for comparison. The previous implementation had problems when the Turkish locale was used.

  Dmitry Belyavskiy

• Fixed a bug in the c_rehash script which was not properly sanitising shell metacharacters to prevent command injection. This script is distributed by some operating systems in a manner where it is automatically executed. On such operating systems, an attacker could execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the script.

  Use of the c_rehash script is considered obsolete and should be replaced by the OpenSSL rehash command line tool. (CVE-2022-1292)

  Tomáš Mráz

• Fixed a bug in the function OCSP_basic_verify that verifies the signer certificate on an OCSP response. The bug caused the function in the case where the (non-default) flag OCSP_NOCHECKS is used to return a postivie response (meaning a successful verification) even in the case where the response signing certificate fails to verify.

  It is anticipated that most users of OCSP_basic_verify will not use the OCSP_NOCHECKS flag. In this case the OCSP_basic_verify function will return a negative value (indicating a fatal error) in the case of a certificate verification failure. The normal expected return value in this case would be 0.

  This issue also impacts the command line OpenSSL "ocsp" application. When verifying an ocsp response with the "-no_cert_checks" option the command line application will report that the verification is successful even though it has in fact failed. In this case the incorrect successful response will also be accompanied by error messages showing the failure and contradicting the apparently successful result. ([CVE-2022-1343])

  Matt Caswell

• Fixed a bug where the RC4-MD5 ciphersuite incorrectly used the AAD data as the MAC key. This made the MAC key trivially predictable.

  An attacker could exploit this issue by performing a man-in-the-middle attack to modify data being sent from one endpoint to an OpenSSL 3.0 recipient such that the modified data would still pass the MAC integrity check.

  Note that data sent from an OpenSSL 3.0 endpoint to a non-OpenSSL 3.0 endpoint will always be rejected by the recipient and the connection will fail at that point. Many application protocols require data to be sent from the client to the server first. Therefore, in such a case, only an OpenSSL 3.0 server would be impacted when talking to a non-OpenSSL 3.0 client.

  If both endpoints are OpenSSL 3.0 then the attacker could modify data being sent in both directions. In this case both clients and servers could be affected, regardless of the application protocol.

  Note that in the absence of an attacker this bug means that an OpenSSL 3.0 endpoint communicating with a non-OpenSSL 3.0 endpoint will fail to complete the handshake when using this ciphersuite.

  The confidentiality of data is not impacted by this issue, i.e. an attacker cannot decrypt data that has been encrypted using this ciphersuite - they can only modify it.

  In order for this attack to work both endpoints must legitimately negotiate the RC4-MD5 ciphersuite. This ciphersuite is not compiled by default in OpenSSL 3.0, and is not available within the default provider or the default ciphersuite list. This ciphersuite will never be used if TLSv1.3 has been negotiated. In order for an OpenSSL 3.0 endpoint to use this ciphersuite the following must have occurred:

  1. OpenSSL must have been compiled with the (non-default) compile time option enable-weak-ssl-ciphers

  2. OpenSSL must have had the legacy provider explicitly loaded (either through application code or via configuration)

  3. The ciphersuite must have been explicitly added to the ciphersuite list

  4. The libssl security level must have been set to 0 (default is 1)

  5. A version of SSL/TLS below TLSv1.3 must have been negotiated

  6. Both endpoints must negotiate the RC4-MD5 ciphersuite in preference to any others that both endpoints have in common (CVE-2022-1434)

  Matt Caswell

• Fix a bug in the OPENSSL_LH_flush() function that breaks reuse of the memory occupied by the removed hash table entries.

  This function is used when decoding certificates or keys. If a long lived process periodically decodes certificates or keys its memory usage will expand without bounds and the process might be terminated by the operating system causing a denial of service. Also traversing the empty hash table entries will take increasingly more time.

  Typically such long lived processes might be TLS clients or TLS servers configured to accept client certificate authentication. (CVE-2022-1473)

  Hugo Landau, Aliaksei Levin

• The functions OPENSSL_LH_stats and OPENSSL_LH_stats_bio now only report the num_items, num_nodes and num_alloc_nodes statistics. All other statistics are no longer supported. For compatibility, these statistics are still listed in the output but are now always reported as zero.

  Hugo Landau

Changes between 3.0.1 and 3.0.2 [15 Mar 2022]

• Fixed a bug in the BN_mod_sqrt() function that can cause it to loop forever for non-prime moduli.

  Internally this function is used when parsing certificates that contain elliptic curve public keys in compressed form or explicit elliptic curve parameters with a base point encoded in compressed form.

  It is possible to trigger the infinite loop by crafting a certificate that has invalid explicit curve parameters.

  Since certificate parsing happens prior to verification of the certificate signature, any process that parses an externally supplied certificate may thus be subject to a denial of service attack. The infinite loop can also be reached when parsing crafted private keys as they can contain explicit elliptic curve parameters.

  Thus vulnerable situations include:

  • TLS clients consuming server certificates
  • TLS servers consuming client certificates
  • Hosting providers taking certificates or private keys from customers
  • Certificate authorities parsing certification requests from subscribers
  • Anything else which parses ASN.1 elliptic curve parameters

  Also any other applications that use the BN_mod_sqrt() where the attacker can control the parameter values are vulnerable to this DoS issue. ([CVE-2022-0778])

  Tomáš Mráz

• Add ciphersuites based on DHE_PSK (RFC 4279) and ECDHE_PSK (RFC 5489) to the list of ciphersuites providing Perfect Forward Secrecy as required by SECLEVEL >= 3.

  Dmitry Belyavskiy, Nicola Tuveri

• Made the AES constant time code for no-asm configurations optional due to the resulting 95% performance degradation. The AES constant time code can be enabled, for no assembly builds, with: ./config no-asm -DOPENSSL_AES_CONST_TIME

  Paul Dale

• Fixed PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey() to make it possible to use empty passphrase strings.

  Darshan Sen

• The negative return value handling of the certificate verification callback was reverted. The replacement is to set the verification retry state with the SSL_set_retry_verify() function.

  Tomáš Mráz

Changes between 3.0.0 and 3.0.1 [14 Dec 2021]

• Fixed invalid handling of X509_verify_cert() internal errors in libssl Internally libssl in OpenSSL calls X509_verify_cert() on the client side to verify a certificate supplied by a server. That function may return a negative return value to indicate an internal error (for example out of memory). Such a negative return value is mishandled by OpenSSL and will cause an IO function (such as SSL_connect() or SSL_do_handshake()) to not indicate success and a subsequent call to SSL_get_error() to return the value SSL_ERROR_WANT_RETRY_VERIFY. This return value is only supposed to be returned by OpenSSL if the application has previously called SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback(). Since most applications do not do this the SSL_ERROR_WANT_RETRY_VERIFY return value from SSL_get_error() will be totally unexpected and applications may not behave correctly as a result. The exact behaviour will depend on the application but it could result in crashes, infinite loops or other similar incorrect responses.

  This issue is made more serious in combination with a separate bug in OpenSSL 3.0 that will cause X509_verify_cert() to indicate an internal error when processing a certificate chain. This will occur where a certificate does not include the Subject Alternative Name extension but where a Certificate Authority has enforced name constraints. This issue can occur even with valid chains. ([CVE-2021-4044])

  Matt Caswell

• Corrected a few file name and file reference bugs in the build, installation and setup scripts, which lead to installation verification failures. Slightly enhanced the installation verification script.

  Richard Levitte

• Fixed EVP_PKEY_eq() to make it possible to use it with strictly private keys.

  Richard Levitte

• Fixed PVK encoder to properly query for the passphrase.

  Tomáš Mráz

• Multiple fixes in the OSSL_HTTP API functions.

  David von Oheimb

• Allow sign extension in OSSL_PARAM_allocate_from_text() for the OSSL_PARAM_INTEGER data type and return error on negative numbers used with the OSSL_PARAM_UNSIGNED_INTEGER data type. Make OSSL_PARAM_BLD_push_BN{,_pad}() return an error on negative numbers.

  Richard Levitte

• Allow copying uninitialized digest contexts with EVP_MD_CTX_copy_ex.

  Tomáš Mráz

• Fixed detection of ARMv7 and ARM64 CPU features on FreeBSD.

  Allan Jude

• Multiple threading fixes.

  Matt Caswell

• Added NULL digest implementation to keep compatibility with 1.1.1 version.

  Tomáš Mráz

• Allow fetching an operation from the provider that owns an unexportable key as a fallback if that is still allowed by the property query.

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 1.1.1 and 3.0.0 [7 Sep 2021]

• TLS_MAX_VERSION, DTLS_MAX_VERSION and DTLS_MIN_VERSION constants are now deprecated.

  Matt Caswell

• The OPENSSL_s390xcap environment variable can be used to set bits in the S390X capability vector to zero. This simplifies testing of different code paths on S390X architecture.

  Patrick Steuer

• Encrypting more than 2^64 TLS records with AES-GCM is disallowed as per FIPS 140-2 IG A.5 "Key/IV Pair Uniqueness Requirements from SP 800-38D". The communication will fail at this point.

  Paul Dale

• The EC_GROUP_clear_free() function is deprecated as there is nothing confidential in EC_GROUP data.

  Nicola Tuveri

• The byte order mark (BOM) character is ignored if encountered at the beginning of a PEM-formatted file.

  Dmitry Belyavskiy

• Added CMS support for the Russian GOST algorithms.

  Dmitry Belyavskiy

• Due to move of the implementation of cryptographic operations to the providers, validation of various operation parameters can be postponed until the actual operation is executed where previously it happened immediately when an operation parameter was set.

  For example when setting an unsupported curve with EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_ec_paramgen_curve_nid() this function call will not fail but later keygen operations with the EVP_PKEY_CTX will fail.

  OpenSSL team members and many third party contributors

• The EVP_get_cipherbyname() function will return NULL for algorithms such as "AES-128-SIV", "AES-128-CBC-CTS" and "CAMELLIA-128-CBC-CTS" which were previously only accessible via low-level interfaces. Use EVP_CIPHER_fetch() instead to retrieve these algorithms from a provider.

  Shane Lontis

• On build targets where the multilib postfix is set in the build configuration the libdir directory was changing based on whether the lib directory with the multilib postfix exists on the system or not. This unpredictable behavior was removed and eventual multilib postfix is now always added to the default libdir. Use --libdir=lib to override the libdir if adding the postfix is undesirable.

  Jan Lána

• The triple DES key wrap functionality now conforms to RFC 3217 but is no longer interoperable with OpenSSL 1.1.1.

  Paul Dale

• The ERR_GET_FUNC() function was removed. With the loss of meaningful function codes, this function can only cause problems for calling applications.

  Paul Dale

• Add a configurable flag to output date formats as ISO 8601. Does not change the default date format.

  William Edmisten

• Version of MSVC earlier than 1300 could get link warnings, which could be suppressed if the undocumented -DI_CAN_LIVE_WITH_LNK4049 was set. Support for this flag has been removed.

  Rich Salz

• Rework and make DEBUG macros consistent. Remove unused -DCONF_DEBUG, -DBN_CTX_DEBUG, and REF_PRINT. Add a new tracing category and use it for printing reference counts. Rename -DDEBUG_UNUSED to -DUNUSED_RESULT_DEBUG Fix BN_DEBUG_RAND so it compiles and, when set, force DEBUG_RAND to be set also. Rename engine_debug_ref to be ENGINE_REF_PRINT also for consistency.

  Rich Salz

• The signatures of the functions to get and set options on SSL and SSL_CTX objects changed from "unsigned long" to "uint64_t" type. Some source code changes may be required.

  Rich Salz

• The public definitions of conf_method_st and conf_st have been deprecated. They will be made opaque in a future release.

  Rich Salz and Tomáš Mráz

• Client-initiated renegotiation is disabled by default. To allow it, use the -client_renegotiation option, the SSL_OP_ALLOW_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATION flag, or the "ClientRenegotiation" config parameter as appropriate.

  Rich Salz

• Add "abspath" and "includedir" pragma's to config files, to prevent, or modify relative pathname inclusion.

  Rich Salz

• OpenSSL includes a cryptographic module that is intended to be FIPS 140-2 validated. Please consult the README-FIPS and README-PROVIDERS files, as well as the migration guide.

  OpenSSL team members and many third party contributors

• For the key types DH and DHX the allowed settable parameters are now different.

  Shane Lontis

• The openssl commands that read keys, certificates, and CRLs now automatically detect the PEM or DER format of the input files.

  David von Oheimb, Richard Levitte, and Tomáš Mráz

• Added enhanced PKCS#12 APIs which accept a library context.

  Jon Spillett

• The default manual page suffix ($MANSUFFIX) has been changed to "ossl"

  Matt Caswell

• Added support for Kernel TLS (KTLS).

  Boris Pismenny, John Baldwin and Andrew Gallatin

• Support for RFC 5746 secure renegotiation is now required by default for SSL or TLS connections to succeed.

  Benjamin Kaduk

• The signature of the copy functional parameter of the EVP_PKEY_meth_set_copy() function has changed so its src argument is now const EVP_PKEY_CTX * instead of EVP_PKEY_CTX *. Similarly the signature of the pub_decode functional parameter of the EVP_PKEY_asn1_set_public() function has changed so its pub argument is now const X509_PUBKEY * instead of X509_PUBKEY *.

  David von Oheimb

• The error return values from some control calls (ctrl) have changed.

  Paul Dale

• A public key check is now performed during EVP_PKEY_derive_set_peer().

  Shane Lontis

• Many functions in the EVP_ namespace that are getters of values from implementations or contexts were renamed to include get or get0 in their names. Old names are provided as macro aliases for compatibility and are not deprecated.

  Tomáš Mráz

• The EVP_PKEY_CTRL_PKCS7_ENCRYPT, EVP_PKEY_CTRL_PKCS7_DECRYPT, EVP_PKEY_CTRL_PKCS7_SIGN, EVP_PKEY_CTRL_CMS_ENCRYPT, EVP_PKEY_CTRL_CMS_DECRYPT, and EVP_PKEY_CTRL_CMS_SIGN control operations are deprecated.

  Tomáš Mráz

• The EVP_PKEY_public_check() and EVP_PKEY_param_check() functions now work for more key types.

• The output from the command line applications may have minor changes.

  Paul Dale

• The output from numerous "printing" may have minor changes.

  David von Oheimb

• Windows thread synchronization uses read/write primitives (SRWLock) when supported by the OS, otherwise CriticalSection continues to be used.

  Vincent Drake

• Add filter BIO BIO_f_readbuffer() that allows BIO_tell() and BIO_seek() to work on read only BIO source/sinks that do not support these functions. This allows piping or redirection of a file BIO using stdin to be buffered into memory. This is used internally in OSSL_DECODER_from_bio().

  Shane Lontis

• OSSL_STORE_INFO_get_type() may now return an additional value. In 1.1.1 this function would return one of the values OSSL_STORE_INFO_NAME, OSSL_STORE_INFO_PKEY, OSSL_STORE_INFO_PARAMS, OSSL_STORE_INFO_CERT or OSSL_STORE_INFO_CRL. Decoded public keys would previously have been reported as type OSSL_STORE_INFO_PKEY in 1.1.1. In 3.0 decoded public keys are now reported as having the new type OSSL_STORE_INFO_PUBKEY. Applications using this function should be amended to handle the changed return value.

  Richard Levitte

• Improved adherence to Enhanced Security Services (ESS, RFC 2634 and RFC 5035) for the TSP and CMS Advanced Electronic Signatures (CAdES) implementations. As required by RFC 5035 check both ESSCertID and ESSCertIDv2 if both present. Correct the semantics of checking the validation chain in case ESSCertID{,v2} contains more than one certificate identifier: This means that all certificates referenced there MUST be part of the validation chain.

  David von Oheimb

• The implementation of older EVP ciphers related to CAST, IDEA, SEED, RC2, RC4, RC5, DESX and DES have been moved to the legacy provider.

  Matt Caswell

• The implementation of the EVP digests MD2, MD4, MDC2, WHIRLPOOL and RIPEMD-160 have been moved to the legacy provider.

  Matt Caswell

• The deprecated function EVP_PKEY_get0() now returns NULL being called for a provided key.

  Dmitry Belyavskiy

• The deprecated functions EVP_PKEY_get0_RSA(), EVP_PKEY_get0_DSA(), EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(), EVP_PKEY_get0_DH(), EVP_PKEY_get0_hmac(), EVP_PKEY_get0_poly1305() and EVP_PKEY_get0_siphash() as well as the similarly named "get1" functions behave differently in OpenSSL 3.0.

  Matt Caswell

• A number of functions handling low-level keys or engines were deprecated including EVP_PKEY_set1_engine(), EVP_PKEY_get0_engine(), EVP_PKEY_assign(), EVP_PKEY_get0(), EVP_PKEY_get0_hmac(), EVP_PKEY_get0_poly1305() and EVP_PKEY_get0_siphash().

  Matt Caswell

• PKCS#5 PBKDF1 key derivation has been moved from PKCS5_PBE_keyivgen() into the legacy crypto provider as an EVP_KDF. Applications requiring this KDF will need to load the legacy crypto provider. This includes these PBE algorithms which use this KDF:

  • NID_pbeWithMD2AndDES_CBC
  • NID_pbeWithMD5AndDES_CBC
  • NID_pbeWithSHA1AndRC2_CBC
  • NID_pbeWithMD2AndRC2_CBC
  • NID_pbeWithMD5AndRC2_CBC
  • NID_pbeWithSHA1AndDES_CBC

  Jon Spillett

• Deprecated obsolete BIO_set_callback(), BIO_get_callback(), and BIO_debug_callback() functions.

  Tomáš Mráz

• Deprecated obsolete EVP_PKEY_CTX_get0_dh_kdf_ukm() and EVP_PKEY_CTX_get0_ecdh_kdf_ukm() functions.

  Tomáš Mráz

• The RAND_METHOD APIs have been deprecated.

  Paul Dale

• The SRP APIs have been deprecated.

  Matt Caswell

• Add a compile time option to prevent the caching of provider fetched algorithms. This is enabled by including the no-cached-fetch option at configuration time.

  Paul Dale

• pkcs12 now uses defaults of PBKDF2, AES and SHA-256, with a MAC iteration count of PKCS12_DEFAULT_ITER.

  Tomáš Mráz and Sahana Prasad

• The openssl speed command does not use low-level API calls anymore.

  Tomáš Mráz

• Parallel dual-prime 1024-bit modular exponentiation for AVX512_IFMA capable processors.

  Ilya Albrekht, Sergey Kirillov, Andrey Matyukov (Intel Corp)

• Combining the Configure options no-ec and no-dh no longer disables TLSv1.3.

  Matt Caswell

• Implemented support for fully "pluggable" TLSv1.3 groups. This means that providers may supply their own group implementations (using either the "key exchange" or the "key encapsulation" methods) which will automatically be detected and used by libssl.

  Matt Caswell, Nicola Tuveri

• The undocumented function X509_certificate_type() has been deprecated;

  Rich Salz

• Deprecated the obsolete BN_pseudo_rand() and BN_pseudo_rand_range().

  Tomáš Mráz

• Removed RSA padding mode for SSLv23 (which was only used for SSLv2). This includes the functions RSA_padding_check_SSLv23() and RSA_padding_add_SSLv23() and the -ssl option in the deprecated rsautl command.

  Rich Salz

• Deprecated the obsolete X9.31 RSA key generation related functions.

• While a callback function set via SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback() is not allowed to return a value > 1, this is no more taken as failure.

  Viktor Dukhovni and David von Oheimb

• Deprecated the obsolete X9.31 RSA key generation related functions BN_X931_generate_Xpq(), BN_X931_derive_prime_ex(), and BN_X931_generate_prime_ex().

  Tomáš Mráz

• The default key generation method for the regular 2-prime RSA keys was changed to the FIPS 186-4 B.3.6 method.

  Shane Lontis

• Deprecated the BN_is_prime_ex() and BN_is_prime_fasttest_ex() functions.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Deprecated EVP_MD_CTX_set_update_fn() and EVP_MD_CTX_update_fn().

  Rich Salz

• Deprecated the type OCSP_REQ_CTX and the functions OCSP_REQ_CTX_() and replaced with OSSL_HTTP_REQ_CTX and the functions OSSL_HTTP_REQ_CTX_().

  Rich Salz, Richard Levitte, and David von Oheimb

• Deprecated X509_http_nbio() and X509_CRL_http_nbio().

  David von Oheimb

• Deprecated OCSP_parse_url().

  David von Oheimb

• Validation of SM2 keys has been separated from the validation of regular EC keys.

  Nicola Tuveri

• Behavior of the pkey command is changed, when using the -check or -pubcheck switches: a validation failure triggers an early exit, returning a failure exit status to the parent process.

  Nicola Tuveri

• Changed behavior of SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites() and SSL_set_ciphersuites() to ignore unknown ciphers.

  Otto Hollmann

• The -cipher-commands and -digest-commands options of the command line utility list have been deprecated. Instead use the -cipher-algorithms and -digest-algorithms options.

  Dmitry Belyavskiy

• Added convenience functions for generating asymmetric key pairs: The 'quick' one-shot (yet somewhat limited) function L<EVP_PKEY_Q_keygen(3)> and macros for the most common cases: <EVP_RSA_gen(3)> and L<EVP_EC_gen(3)>.

  David von Oheimb

• All of the low-level EC_KEY functions have been deprecated.

  Shane Lontis, Paul Dale, Richard Levitte, and Tomáš Mráz

• Deprecated all the libcrypto and libssl error string loading functions.

  Richard Levitte

• The functions SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback and SSL_set_tmp_dh_callback, as well as the macros SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh() and SSL_set_tmp_dh() have been deprecated.

  Matt Caswell

• The -crypt option to the passwd command line tool has been removed.

  Paul Dale

• The -C option to the x509, dhparam, dsaparam, and ecparam commands were removed.

  Rich Salz

• Add support for AES Key Wrap inverse ciphers to the EVP layer.

  Shane Lontis

• Deprecated EVP_PKEY_set1_tls_encodedpoint() and EVP_PKEY_get1_tls_encodedpoint().

  Matt Caswell

• The security callback, which can be customised by application code, supports the security operation SSL_SECOP_TMP_DH. One location of the "other" parameter was incorrectly passing a DH object. It now passed an EVP_PKEY in all cases.

  Matt Caswell

• Add PKCS7_get_octet_string() and PKCS7_type_is_other() to the public interface. Their functionality remains unchanged.

  Jordan Montgomery

• Added new option for 'openssl list', '-providers', which will display the list of loaded providers, their names, version and status. It optionally displays their gettable parameters.

  Paul Dale

• Removed EVP_PKEY_set_alias_type().

  Richard Levitte

• Deprecated EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_keygen_pubexp() and introduced EVP_PKEY_CTX_set1_rsa_keygen_pubexp(), which is now preferred.

  Jeremy Walch

• Changed all "STACK" functions to be macros instead of inline functions. Macro parameters are still checked for type safety at compile time via helper inline functions.

  Matt Caswell

• Remove the RAND_DRBG API

  Paul Dale and Matthias St. Pierre

• Allow SSL_set1_host() and SSL_add1_host() to take IP literal addresses as well as actual hostnames.

  David Woodhouse

• The 'MinProtocol' and 'MaxProtocol' configuration commands now silently ignore TLS protocol version bounds when configuring DTLS-based contexts, and conversely, silently ignore DTLS protocol version bounds when configuring TLS-based contexts. The commands can be repeated to set bounds of both types. The same applies with the corresponding "min_protocol" and "max_protocol" command-line switches, in case some application uses both TLS and DTLS.

  SSL_CTX instances that are created for a fixed protocol version (e.g. TLSv1_server_method()) also silently ignore version bounds. Previously attempts to apply bounds to these protocol versions would result in an error. Now only the "version-flexible" SSL_CTX instances are subject to limits in configuration files in command-line options.

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Deprecated the ENGINE API. Engines should be replaced with providers going forward.

  Paul Dale

• Reworked the recorded ERR codes to make better space for system errors. To distinguish them, the macro ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR() indicates if the given code is a system error (true) or an OpenSSL error (false).

  Richard Levitte

• Reworked the test perl framework to better allow parallel testing.

  Nicola Tuveri and David von Oheimb

• Added ciphertext stealing algorithms AES-128-CBC-CTS, AES-192-CBC-CTS and AES-256-CBC-CTS to the providers. CS1, CS2 and CS3 variants are supported.

  Shane Lontis

• 'Configure' has been changed to figure out the configuration target if none is given on the command line. Consequently, the 'config' script is now only a mere wrapper. All documentation is changed to only mention 'Configure'.

  Rich Salz and Richard Levitte

• Added a library context OSSL_LIB_CTX that applications as well as other libraries can use to form a separate context within which libcrypto operations are performed.

  Richard Levitte

• Added various _ex functions to the OpenSSL API that support using a non-default OSSL_LIB_CTX.

  OpenSSL team

• Handshake now fails if Extended Master Secret extension is dropped on renegotiation.

  Tomáš Mráz

• Dropped interactive mode from the openssl program.

  Richard Levitte

• Deprecated EVP_PKEY_cmp() and EVP_PKEY_cmp_parameters().

  David von Oheimb and Shane Lontis

• Deprecated EC_METHOD_get_field_type().

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Deprecated EC_GFp_simple_method(), EC_GFp_mont_method(), EC_GF2m_simple_method(), EC_GFp_nist_method(), EC_GFp_nistp224_method() EC_GFp_nistp256_method(), and EC_GFp_nistp521_method().

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Deprecated EC_GROUP_new(), EC_GROUP_method_of(), and EC_POINT_method_of().

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Add CAdES-BES signature verification support, mostly derived from ESSCertIDv2 TS (RFC 5816) contribution by Marek Klein.

  Filipe Raimundo da Silva

• Add CAdES-BES signature scheme and attributes support (RFC 5126) to CMS API.

  Antonio Iacono

• Added the AuthEnvelopedData content type structure (RFC 5083) with AES-GCM parameter (RFC 5084) for the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS).

  Jakub Zelenka

• Deprecated EC_POINT_make_affine() and EC_POINTs_make_affine().

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Deprecated EC_GROUP_precompute_mult(), EC_GROUP_have_precompute_mult(), and EC_KEY_precompute_mult().

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Deprecated EC_POINTs_mul().

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Removed FIPS_mode() and FIPS_mode_set().

  Shane Lontis

• The SSL option SSL_OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF is introduced.

  Dmitry Belyavskiy

• Deprecated EC_POINT_set_Jprojective_coordinates_GFp() and EC_POINT_get_Jprojective_coordinates_GFp().

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Added OSSL_PARAM_BLD to the public interface. This allows OSSL_PARAM arrays to be more easily constructed via a series of utility functions. Create a parameter builder using OSSL_PARAM_BLD_new(), add parameters using the various push functions and finally convert to a passable OSSL_PARAM array using OSSL_PARAM_BLD_to_param().

  Paul Dale

• The security strength of SHA1 and MD5 based signatures in TLS has been reduced.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Added EVP_PKEY_set_type_by_keymgmt(), to initialise an EVP_PKEY to contain a provider side internal key.

  Richard Levitte

• ASN1_verify(), ASN1_digest() and ASN1_sign() have been deprecated.

  Richard Levitte

• Project text documents not yet having a proper file name extension (HACKING, LICENSE, NOTES*, README*, VERSION) have been renamed to *.md as far as reasonable, else *.txt, for better use with file managers.

  David von Oheimb

• The main project documents (README, NEWS, CHANGES, INSTALL, SUPPORT) have been converted to Markdown with the goal to produce documents which not only look pretty when viewed online in the browser, but remain well readable inside a plain text editor.

  To achieve this goal, a 'minimalistic' Markdown style has been applied which avoids formatting elements that interfere too much with the reading flow in the text file. For example, it

  • avoids ATX headings and uses setext headings instead (which works for <h1> and <h2> headings only).

  • avoids inline links and uses reference links instead.

  • avoids fenced code blocks and uses indented code blocks instead.

  Matthias St. Pierre

• The test suite is changed to preserve results of each test recipe. A new directory test-runs/ with subdirectories named like the test recipes are created in the build tree for this purpose.

  Richard Levitte

• Added an implementation of CMP and CRMF (RFC 4210, RFC 4211 RFC 6712). This adds crypto/cmp/, crpyto/crmf/, apps/cmp.c, and test/cmp_*. See L<openssl-cmp(1)> and L<OSSL_CMP_exec_IR_ses(3)> as starting points.

  David von Oheimb, Martin Peylo

• Generalized the HTTP client code from crypto/ocsp/ into crpyto/http/. It supports arbitrary request and response content types, GET redirection, TLS, connections via HTTP(S) proxies, connections and exchange via user-defined BIOs (allowing implicit connections), persistent connections, and timeout checks. See L<OSSL_HTTP_transfer(3)> etc. for details. The legacy OCSP-focused (and only partly documented) API is retained for backward compatibility, while most of it is deprecated.

  David von Oheimb

• Added util/check-format.pl, a tool for checking adherence to the OpenSSL coding style https://www.openssl.org/policies/codingstyle.html. The checks performed are incomplete and yield some false positives. Still the tool should be useful for detecting most typical glitches.

  David von Oheimb

• BIO_do_connect() and BIO_do_handshake() have been extended: If domain name resolution yields multiple IP addresses all of them are tried after connect() failures.

  David von Oheimb

• All of the low-level RSA functions have been deprecated.

  Paul Dale

• X509 certificates signed using SHA1 are no longer allowed at security level 1 and above.

  Kurt Roeckx

• The command line utilities dhparam, dsa, gendsa and dsaparam have been modified to use PKEY APIs. These commands are now in maintenance mode and no new features will be added to them.

  Paul Dale

• The command line utility rsautl has been deprecated.

  Paul Dale

• The command line utilities genrsa and rsa have been modified to use PKEY APIs. They now write PKCS#8 keys by default. These commands are now in maintenance mode and no new features will be added to them.

  Paul Dale

• All of the low-level DH functions have been deprecated.

  Paul Dale and Matt Caswell

• All of the low-level DSA functions have been deprecated.

  Paul Dale

• Reworked the treatment of EC EVP_PKEYs with the SM2 curve to automatically become EVP_PKEY_SM2 rather than EVP_PKEY_EC.

  Richard Levitte

• Deprecated low-level ECDH and ECDSA functions.

  Paul Dale

• Deprecated EVP_PKEY_decrypt_old() and EVP_PKEY_encrypt_old().

  Richard Levitte

• Enhanced the documentation of EVP_PKEY_get_size(), EVP_PKEY_get_bits() and EVP_PKEY_get_security_bits(). Especially EVP_PKEY_get_size() needed a new formulation to include all the things it can be used for, as well as words of caution.

  Richard Levitte

• The SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_key_cb(3) function has been deprecated.

  Paul Dale

• All of the low-level HMAC functions have been deprecated.

  Paul Dale and David von Oheimb

• Over two thousand fixes were made to the documentation, including:

  • Common options (such as -rand/-writerand, TLS version control, etc) were refactored and point to newly-enhanced descriptions in openssl.pod.
  • Added style conformance for all options (with help from Richard Levitte), documented all reported missing options, added a CI build to check that all options are documented and that no unimplemented options are documented.
  • Documented some internals, such as all use of environment variables.
  • Addressed all internal broken L<> references.

  Rich Salz

• All of the low-level CMAC functions have been deprecated.

  Paul Dale

• The low-level MD2, MD4, MD5, MDC2, RIPEMD160 and Whirlpool digest functions have been deprecated.

  Paul Dale and David von Oheimb

• Corrected the documentation of the return values from the EVP_DigestSign* set of functions. The documentation mentioned negative values for some errors, but this was never the case, so the mention of negative values was removed.

  Code that followed the documentation and thereby check with something like EVP_DigestSignInit(...) <= 0 will continue to work undisturbed.

  Richard Levitte

• All of the low-level cipher functions have been deprecated.

  Matt Caswell and Paul Dale

• Removed include/openssl/opensslconf.h.in and replaced it with include/openssl/configuration.h.in, which differs in not including <openssl/macros.h>. A short header include/openssl/opensslconf.h was added to include both.

  This allows internal hacks where one might need to modify the set of configured macros, for example this if deprecated symbols are still supposed to be available internally:

  #include <openssl/configuration.h>
  
  #undef OPENSSL_NO_DEPRECATED
  #define OPENSSL_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED
  
  #include <openssl/macros.h>
  

  This should not be used by applications that use the exported symbols, as that will lead to linking errors.

  Richard Levitte

• Fixed an overflow bug in the x64_64 Montgomery squaring procedure used in exponentiation with 512-bit moduli. No EC algorithms are affected. Analysis suggests that attacks against 2-prime RSA1024, 3-prime RSA1536, and DSA1024 as a result of this defect would be very difficult to perform and are not believed likely. Attacks against DH512 are considered just feasible. However, for an attack the target would have to reuse the DH512 private key, which is not recommended anyway. Also applications directly using the low-level API BN_mod_exp may be affected if they use BN_FLG_CONSTTIME. (CVE-2019-1551)

  Andy Polyakov

• Most memory-debug features have been deprecated, and the functionality replaced with no-ops.

  Rich Salz

• Added documentation for the STACK API.

  Rich Salz

• Introduced a new method type and API, OSSL_ENCODER, to represent generic encoders. These do the same sort of job that PEM writers and d2i functions do, but with support for methods supplied by providers, and the possibility for providers to support other formats as well.

  Richard Levitte

• Introduced a new method type and API, OSSL_DECODER, to represent generic decoders. These do the same sort of job that PEM readers and i2d functions do, but with support for methods supplied by providers, and the possibility for providers to support other formats as well.

  Richard Levitte

• Added a .pragma directive to the syntax of configuration files, to allow varying behavior in a supported and predictable manner. Currently added pragma:

      .pragma dollarid:on
  

  This allows dollar signs to be a keyword character unless it's followed by a opening brace or parenthesis. This is useful for platforms where dollar signs are commonly used in names, such as volume names and system directory names on VMS.

  Richard Levitte

• Added functionality to create an EVP_PKEY from user data.

  Richard Levitte

• Change the interpretation of the '--api' configuration option to mean that this is a desired API compatibility level with no further meaning. The previous interpretation, that this would also mean to remove all deprecated symbols up to and including the given version, no requires that 'no-deprecated' is also used in the configuration.

  When building applications, the desired API compatibility level can be set with the OPENSSL_API_COMPAT macro like before. For API compatibility version below 3.0, the old style numerical value is valid as before, such as -DOPENSSL_API_COMPAT=0x10100000L. For version 3.0 and on, the value is expected to be the decimal value calculated from the major and minor version like this:

      MAJOR * 10000 + MINOR * 100
  

  Examples:

      -DOPENSSL_API_COMPAT=30000             For 3.0
      -DOPENSSL_API_COMPAT=30200             For 3.2
  

  To hide declarations that are deprecated up to and including the given API compatibility level, -DOPENSSL_NO_DEPRECATED must be given when building the application as well.

  Richard Levitte

• Added the X509_LOOKUP_METHOD called X509_LOOKUP_store, to allow access to certificate and CRL stores via URIs and OSSL_STORE loaders.

  This adds the following functions:

  • X509_LOOKUP_store()
  • X509_STORE_load_file()
  • X509_STORE_load_path()
  • X509_STORE_load_store()
  • SSL_add_store_cert_subjects_to_stack()
  • SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_store()
  • SSL_CTX_load_verify_file()
  • SSL_CTX_load_verify_dir()
  • SSL_CTX_load_verify_store()

  Richard Levitte

• Added a new method to gather entropy on VMS, based on SYS$GET_ENTROPY. The presence of this system service is determined at run-time.

  Richard Levitte

• Added functionality to create an EVP_PKEY context based on data for methods from providers. This takes an algorithm name and a property query string and simply stores them, with the intent that any operation that uses this context will use those strings to fetch the needed methods implicitly, thereby making the port of application written for pre-3.0 OpenSSL easier.

  Richard Levitte

• The undocumented function NCONF_WIN32() has been deprecated; for conversion details see the HISTORY section of doc/man5/config.pod

  Rich Salz

• Introduced the new functions EVP_DigestSignInit_ex() and EVP_DigestVerifyInit_ex(). The macros EVP_DigestSignUpdate() and EVP_DigestVerifyUpdate() have been converted to functions. See the man pages for further details.

  Matt Caswell

• Over two thousand fixes were made to the documentation, including: adding missing command flags, better style conformance, documentation of internals, etc.

  Rich Salz, Richard Levitte

• s390x assembly pack: add hardware-support for P-256, P-384, P-521, X25519, X448, Ed25519 and Ed448.

  Patrick Steuer

• Print all values for a PKCS#12 attribute with 'openssl pkcs12', not just the first value.

  Jon Spillett

• Deprecated the public definition of ERR_STATE as well as the function ERR_get_state(). This is done in preparation of making ERR_STATE an opaque type.

  Richard Levitte

• Added ERR functionality to give callers access to the stored function names that have replaced the older function code based functions.

  New functions are ERR_peek_error_func(), ERR_peek_last_error_func(), ERR_peek_error_data(), ERR_peek_last_error_data(), ERR_get_error_all(), ERR_peek_error_all() and ERR_peek_last_error_all().

  Deprecate ERR functions ERR_get_error_line(), ERR_get_error_line_data(), ERR_peek_error_line_data(), ERR_peek_last_error_line_data() and ERR_func_error_string().

  Richard Levitte

• Extended testing to be verbose for failing tests only. The make variables VERBOSE_FAILURE or VF can be used to enable this:

      $ make VF=1 test                           # Unix
      $ mms /macro=(VF=1) test                   ! OpenVMS
      $ nmake VF=1 test                          # Windows
  

  Richard Levitte

• Added the -copy_extensions option to the x509 command for use with -req and -x509toreq. When given with the copy or copyall argument, all extensions in the request are copied to the certificate or vice versa.

  David von Oheimb, Kirill Stefanenkov kirill_stefanenkov@rambler.ru

• Added the -copy_extensions option to the req command for use with -x509. When given with the copy or copyall argument, all extensions in the certification request are copied to the certificate.

  David von Oheimb

• The x509, req, and ca commands now make sure that X.509v3 certificates they generate are by default RFC 5280 compliant in the following sense: There is a subjectKeyIdentifier extension with a hash value of the public key and for not self-signed certs there is an authorityKeyIdentifier extension with a keyIdentifier field or issuer information identifying the signing key. This is done unless some configuration overrides the new default behavior, such as subjectKeyIdentifier = none and authorityKeyIdentifier = none.

  David von Oheimb

• Added several checks to X509_verify_cert() according to requirements in RFC 5280 in case X509_V_FLAG_X509_STRICT is set (which may be done by using the CLI option -x509_strict):

  • The basicConstraints of CA certificates must be marked critical.
  • CA certificates must explicitly include the keyUsage extension.
  • If a pathlenConstraint is given the key usage keyCertSign must be allowed.
  • The issuer name of any certificate must not be empty.
  • The subject name of CA certs, certs with keyUsage crlSign, and certs without subjectAlternativeName must not be empty.
  • If a subjectAlternativeName extension is given it must not be empty.
  • The signatureAlgorithm field and the cert signature must be consistent.
  • Any given authorityKeyIdentifier and any given subjectKeyIdentifier must not be marked critical.
  • The authorityKeyIdentifier must be given for X.509v3 certs unless they are self-signed.
  • The subjectKeyIdentifier must be given for all X.509v3 CA certs.

  David von Oheimb

• Certificate verification using X509_verify_cert() meanwhile rejects EC keys with explicit curve parameters (specifiedCurve) as required by RFC 5480.

  Tomáš Mráz

• For built-in EC curves, ensure an EC_GROUP built from the curve name is used even when parsing explicit parameters, when loading a encoded key or calling EC_GROUP_new_from_ecpkparameters()/ EC_GROUP_new_from_ecparameters(). This prevents bypass of security hardening and performance gains, especially for curves with specialized EC_METHODs. By default, if a key encoded with explicit parameters is loaded and later encoded, the output is still encoded with explicit parameters, even if internally a "named" EC_GROUP is used for computation.

  Nicola Tuveri

• Compute ECC cofactors if not provided during EC_GROUP construction. Before this change, EC_GROUP_set_generator would accept order and/or cofactor as NULL. After this change, only the cofactor parameter can be NULL. It also does some minimal sanity checks on the passed order. (CVE-2019-1547)

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Fixed a padding oracle in PKCS7_dataDecode and CMS_decrypt_set1_pkey. An attack is simple, if the first CMS_recipientInfo is valid but the second CMS_recipientInfo is chosen ciphertext. If the second recipientInfo decodes to PKCS #1 v1.5 form plaintext, the correct encryption key will be replaced by garbage, and the message cannot be decoded, but if the RSA decryption fails, the correct encryption key is used and the recipient will not notice the attack. As a work around for this potential attack the length of the decrypted key must be equal to the cipher default key length, in case the certificate is not given and all recipientInfo are tried out. The old behaviour can be re-enabled in the CMS code by setting the CMS_DEBUG_DECRYPT flag.

  Bernd Edlinger

• Early start up entropy quality from the DEVRANDOM seed source has been improved for older Linux systems. The RAND subsystem will wait for /dev/random to be producing output before seeding from /dev/urandom. The seeded state is stored for future library initialisations using a system global shared memory segment. The shared memory identifier can be configured by defining OPENSSL_RAND_SEED_DEVRANDOM_SHM_ID to the desired value. The default identifier is 114.

  Paul Dale

• Revised BN_generate_prime_ex to not avoid factors 2..17863 in p-1 when primes for RSA keys are computed. Since we previously always generated primes == 2 (mod 3) for RSA keys, the 2-prime and 3-prime RSA modules were easy to distinguish, since N = p*q = 1 (mod 3), but N = p*q*r = 2 (mod 3). Therefore, fingerprinting 2-prime vs. 3-prime RSA keys was possible by computing N mod 3. This avoids possible fingerprinting of newly generated RSA modules.

  Bernd Edlinger

• Correct the extended master secret constant on EBCDIC systems. Without this fix TLS connections between an EBCDIC system and a non-EBCDIC system that negotiate EMS will fail. Unfortunately this also means that TLS connections between EBCDIC systems with this fix, and EBCDIC systems without this fix will fail if they negotiate EMS.

  Matt Caswell

• Changed the library initialisation so that the config file is now loaded by default. This was already the case for libssl. It now occurs for both libcrypto and libssl. Use the OPENSSL_INIT_NO_LOAD_CONFIG option to OPENSSL_init_crypto() to suppress automatic loading of a config file.

  Matt Caswell

• Introduced new error raising macros, ERR_raise() and ERR_raise_data(), where the former acts as a replacement for ERR_put_error(), and the latter replaces the combination ERR_put_error() + ERR_add_error_data(). ERR_raise_data() adds more flexibility by taking a format string and an arbitrary number of arguments following it, to be processed with BIO_snprintf().

  Richard Levitte

• Introduced a new function, OSSL_PROVIDER_available(), which can be used to check if a named provider is loaded and available. When called, it will also activate all fallback providers if such are still present.

  Richard Levitte

• Enforce a minimum DH modulus size of 512 bits.

  Bernd Edlinger

• Changed DH parameters to generate the order q subgroup instead of 2q. Previously generated DH parameters are still accepted by DH_check but DH_generate_key works around that by clearing bit 0 of the private key for those. This avoids leaking bit 0 of the private key.

  Bernd Edlinger

• Significantly reduce secure memory usage by the randomness pools.

  Paul Dale

• {CRYPTO,OPENSSL}_mem_debug_{push,pop} are now no-ops and have been deprecated.

  Rich Salz

• A new type, EVP_KEYEXCH, has been introduced to represent key exchange algorithms. An implementation of a key exchange algorithm can be obtained by using the function EVP_KEYEXCH_fetch(). An EVP_KEYEXCH algorithm can be used in a call to EVP_PKEY_derive_init_ex() which works in a similar way to the older EVP_PKEY_derive_init() function. See the man pages for the new functions for further details.

  Matt Caswell

• The EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_dh_pad() macro has now been converted to a function.

  Matt Caswell

• Removed the function names from error messages and deprecated the xxx_F_xxx define's.

  Richard Levitte

• Removed NextStep support and the macro OPENSSL_UNISTD

  Rich Salz

• Removed DES_check_key. Also removed OPENSSL_IMPLEMENT_GLOBAL, OPENSSL_GLOBAL_REF, OPENSSL_DECLARE_GLOBAL. Also removed "export var as function" capability; we do not export variables, only functions.

  Rich Salz

• RC5_32_set_key has been changed to return an int type, with 0 indicating an error and 1 indicating success. In previous versions of OpenSSL this was a void type. If a key was set longer than the maximum possible this would crash.

  Matt Caswell

• Support SM2 signing and verification schemes with X509 certificate.

  Paul Yang

• Use SHA256 as the default digest for TS query in the ts app.

  Tomáš Mráz

• Change PBKDF2 to conform to SP800-132 instead of the older PKCS5 RFC2898.

  Shane Lontis

• Default cipher lists/suites are now available via a function, the #defines are deprecated.

  Todd Short

• Add target VC-WIN32-UWP, VC-WIN64A-UWP, VC-WIN32-ARM-UWP and VC-WIN64-ARM-UWP in Windows OneCore target for making building libraries for Windows Store apps easier. Also, the "no-uplink" option has been added.

  Kenji Mouri

• Join the directories crypto/x509 and crypto/x509v3

  Richard Levitte

• Added command 'openssl kdf' that uses the EVP_KDF API.

  Shane Lontis

• Added command 'openssl mac' that uses the EVP_MAC API.

  Shane Lontis

• Added OPENSSL_info() to get diverse built-in OpenSSL data, such as default directories. Also added the command 'openssl info' for scripting purposes.

  Richard Levitte

• The functions AES_ige_encrypt() and AES_bi_ige_encrypt() have been deprecated.

  Matt Caswell

• Add prediction resistance to the DRBG reseeding process.

  Paul Dale

• Limit the number of blocks in a data unit for AES-XTS to 2^20 as mandated by IEEE Std 1619-2018.

  Paul Dale

• Added newline escaping functionality to a filename when using openssl dgst. This output format is to replicate the output format found in the *sum checksum programs. This aims to preserve backward compatibility.

  Matt Eaton, Richard Levitte, and Paul Dale

• Removed the heartbeat message in DTLS feature, as it has very little usage and doesn't seem to fulfill a valuable purpose. The configuration option is now deprecated.

  Richard Levitte

• Changed the output of 'openssl {digestname} < file' to display the digest name in its output.

  Richard Levitte

• Added a new generic trace API which provides support for enabling instrumentation through trace output.

  Richard Levitte & Matthias St. Pierre

• Added build tests for C++. These are generated files that only do one thing, to include one public OpenSSL head file each. This tests that the public header files can be usefully included in a C++ application.

  This test isn't enabled by default. It can be enabled with the option 'enable-buildtest-c++'.

  Richard Levitte

• Added KB KDF (EVP_KDF_KB) to EVP_KDF.

  Robbie Harwood

• Added SSH KDF (EVP_KDF_SSHKDF) and KRB5 KDF (EVP_KDF_KRB5KDF) to EVP_KDF.

  Simo Sorce

• Added Single Step KDF (EVP_KDF_SS), X963 KDF, and X942 KDF to EVP_KDF.

  Shane Lontis

• Added KMAC to EVP_MAC.

  Shane Lontis

• Added property based algorithm implementation selection framework to the core.

  Paul Dale

• Added SCA hardening for modular field inversion in EC_GROUP through a new dedicated field_inv() pointer in EC_METHOD. This also addresses a leakage affecting conversions from projective to affine coordinates.

  Billy Bob Brumley, Nicola Tuveri

• Added EVP_KDF, an EVP layer KDF API, to simplify adding KDF and PRF implementations. This includes an EVP_PKEY to EVP_KDF bridge for those algorithms that were already supported through the EVP_PKEY API (scrypt, TLS1 PRF and HKDF). The low-level KDF functions for PBKDF2 and scrypt are now wrappers that call EVP_KDF.

  David Makepeace

• Build devcrypto engine as a dynamic engine.

  Eneas U de Queiroz

• Add keyed BLAKE2 to EVP_MAC.

  Antoine Salon

• Fix a bug in the computation of the endpoint-pair shared secret used by DTLS over SCTP. This breaks interoperability with older versions of OpenSSL like OpenSSL 1.1.0 and OpenSSL 1.0.2. There is a runtime switch SSL_MODE_DTLS_SCTP_LABEL_LENGTH_BUG (off by default) enabling interoperability with such broken implementations. However, enabling this switch breaks interoperability with correct implementations.

• Fix a use after free bug in d2i_X509_PUBKEY when overwriting a reused X509_PUBKEY object if the second PUBKEY is malformed.

  Bernd Edlinger

• Move strictness check from EVP_PKEY_asn1_new() to EVP_PKEY_asn1_add0().

  Richard Levitte

• Changed the license to the Apache License v2.0.

  Richard Levitte

• Switch to a new version scheme using three numbers MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH.

  • Major releases (indicated by incrementing the MAJOR release number) may introduce incompatible API/ABI changes.
  • Minor releases (indicated by incrementing the MINOR release number) may introduce new features but retain API/ABI compatibility.
  • Patch releases (indicated by incrementing the PATCH number) are intended for bug fixes and other improvements of existing features only (like improving performance or adding documentation) and retain API/ABI compatibility.

  Richard Levitte

• Add support for RFC5297 SIV mode (siv128), including AES-SIV.

  Todd Short

• Remove the 'dist' target and add a tarball building script. The 'dist' target has fallen out of use, and it shouldn't be necessary to configure just to create a source distribution.

  Richard Levitte

• Recreate the OS390-Unix config target. It no longer relies on a special script like it did for OpenSSL pre-1.1.0.

  Richard Levitte

• Instead of having the source directories listed in Configure, add a 'build.info' keyword SUBDIRS to indicate what sub-directories to look into.

  Richard Levitte

• Add GMAC to EVP_MAC.

  Paul Dale

• Ported the HMAC, CMAC and SipHash EVP_PKEY_METHODs to EVP_MAC.

  Richard Levitte

• Added EVP_MAC, an EVP layer MAC API, to simplify adding MAC implementations. This includes a generic EVP_PKEY to EVP_MAC bridge, to facilitate the continued use of MACs through raw private keys in functionality such as EVP_DigestSign* and EVP_DigestVerify*.

  Richard Levitte

• Deprecate ECDH_KDF_X9_62().

  Antoine Salon

• Added EVP_PKEY_ECDH_KDF_X9_63 and ecdh_KDF_X9_63() as replacements for the EVP_PKEY_ECDH_KDF_X9_62 KDF type and ECDH_KDF_X9_62(). The old names are retained for backwards compatibility.

  Antoine Salon

• AES-XTS mode now enforces that its two keys are different to mitigate the attacked described in "Efficient Instantiations of Tweakable Blockciphers and Refinements to Modes OCB and PMAC" by Phillip Rogaway. Details of this attack can be obtained from: http://web.cs.ucdavis.edu/%7Erogaway/papers/offsets.pdf

  Paul Dale

• Rename the object files, i.e. give them other names than in previous versions. Their names now include the name of the final product, as well as its type mnemonic (bin, lib, shlib).

  Richard Levitte

• Added new option for 'openssl list', '-objects', which will display the list of built in objects, i.e. OIDs with names.

  Richard Levitte

• Added the options -crl_lastupdate and -crl_nextupdate to openssl ca, allowing the lastUpdate and nextUpdate fields in the generated CRL to be set explicitly.

  Chris Novakovic

• Added support for Linux Kernel TLS data-path. The Linux Kernel data-path improves application performance by removing data copies and providing applications with zero-copy system calls such as sendfile and splice.

  Boris Pismenny

• The SSL option SSL_OP_CLEANSE_PLAINTEXT is introduced.

  Martin Elshuber

• PKCS12_parse now maintains the order of the parsed certificates when outputting them via *ca (rather than reversing it).

  David von Oheimb

• Deprecated pthread fork support methods.

  Randall S. Becker

• Added support for FFDHE key exchange in TLS 1.3.

  Raja Ashok

• Added a new concept for OpenSSL plugability: providers. This functionality is designed to replace the ENGINE API and ENGINE implementations, and to be much more dynamic, allowing provider authors to introduce new algorithms among other things, as long as there's an API that supports the algorithm type.

  With this concept comes a new core API for interaction between libcrypto and provider implementations. Public libcrypto functions that want to use providers do so through this core API.

  The main documentation for this core API is found in doc/man7/provider.pod, doc/man7/provider-base.pod, and they in turn refer to other manuals describing the API specific for supported algorithm types (also called operations).

  The OpenSSL team

OpenSSL 1.1.1

Changes between 1.1.1m and 1.1.1n [xx XXX xxxx]

Changes between 1.1.1l and 1.1.1m [14 Dec 2021]

• Avoid loading of a dynamic engine twice.

  Bernd Edlinger

• Prioritise DANE TLSA issuer certs over peer certs

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Fixed random API for MacOS prior to 10.12

  These MacOS versions don't support the CommonCrypto APIs

  Lenny Primak

Changes between 1.1.1k and 1.1.1l [24 Aug 2021]

• Fixed an SM2 Decryption Buffer Overflow.

  In order to decrypt SM2 encrypted data an application is expected to call the API function EVP_PKEY_decrypt(). Typically an application will call this function twice. The first time, on entry, the "out" parameter can be NULL and, on exit, the "outlen" parameter is populated with the buffer size required to hold the decrypted plaintext. The application can then allocate a sufficiently sized buffer and call EVP_PKEY_decrypt() again, but this time passing a non-NULL value for the "out" parameter.

  A bug in the implementation of the SM2 decryption code means that the calculation of the buffer size required to hold the plaintext returned by the first call to EVP_PKEY_decrypt() can be smaller than the actual size required by the second call. This can lead to a buffer overflow when EVP_PKEY_decrypt() is called by the application a second time with a buffer that is too small.

  A malicious attacker who is able present SM2 content for decryption to an application could cause attacker chosen data to overflow the buffer by up to a maximum of 62 bytes altering the contents of other data held after the buffer, possibly changing application behaviour or causing the application to crash. The location of the buffer is application dependent but is typically heap allocated. ([CVE-2021-3711])

  Matt Caswell

• Fixed various read buffer overruns processing ASN.1 strings

  ASN.1 strings are represented internally within OpenSSL as an ASN1_STRING structure which contains a buffer holding the string data and a field holding the buffer length. This contrasts with normal C strings which are represented as a buffer for the string data which is terminated with a NUL (0) byte.

  Although not a strict requirement, ASN.1 strings that are parsed using OpenSSL's own "d2i" functions (and other similar parsing functions) as well as any string whose value has been set with the ASN1_STRING_set() function will additionally NUL terminate the byte array in the ASN1_STRING structure.

  However, it is possible for applications to directly construct valid ASN1_STRING structures which do not NUL terminate the byte array by directly setting the "data" and "length" fields in the ASN1_STRING array. This can also happen by using the ASN1_STRING_set0() function.

  Numerous OpenSSL functions that print ASN.1 data have been found to assume that the ASN1_STRING byte array will be NUL terminated, even though this is not guaranteed for strings that have been directly constructed. Where an application requests an ASN.1 structure to be printed, and where that ASN.1 structure contains ASN1_STRINGs that have been directly constructed by the application without NUL terminating the "data" field, then a read buffer overrun can occur.

  The same thing can also occur during name constraints processing of certificates (for example if a certificate has been directly constructed by the application instead of loading it via the OpenSSL parsing functions, and the certificate contains non NUL terminated ASN1_STRING structures). It can also occur in the X509_get1_email(), X509_REQ_get1_email() and X509_get1_ocsp() functions.

  If a malicious actor can cause an application to directly construct an ASN1_STRING and then process it through one of the affected OpenSSL functions then this issue could be hit. This might result in a crash (causing a Denial of Service attack). It could also result in the disclosure of private memory contents (such as private keys, or sensitive plaintext). ([CVE-2021-3712])

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 1.1.1j and 1.1.1k [25 Mar 2021]

• Fixed a problem with verifying a certificate chain when using the X509_V_FLAG_X509_STRICT flag. This flag enables additional security checks of the certificates present in a certificate chain. It is not set by default.

  Starting from OpenSSL version 1.1.1h a check to disallow certificates in the chain that have explicitly encoded elliptic curve parameters was added as an additional strict check.

  An error in the implementation of this check meant that the result of a previous check to confirm that certificates in the chain are valid CA certificates was overwritten. This effectively bypasses the check that non-CA certificates must not be able to issue other certificates.

  If a "purpose" has been configured then there is a subsequent opportunity for checks that the certificate is a valid CA. All of the named "purpose" values implemented in libcrypto perform this check. Therefore, where a purpose is set the certificate chain will still be rejected even when the strict flag has been used. A purpose is set by default in libssl client and server certificate verification routines, but it can be overridden or removed by an application.

  In order to be affected, an application must explicitly set the X509_V_FLAG_X509_STRICT verification flag and either not set a purpose for the certificate verification or, in the case of TLS client or server applications, override the default purpose. ([CVE-2021-3450])

  Tomáš Mráz

• Fixed an issue where an OpenSSL TLS server may crash if sent a maliciously crafted renegotiation ClientHello message from a client. If a TLSv1.2 renegotiation ClientHello omits the signature_algorithms extension (where it was present in the initial ClientHello), but includes a signature_algorithms_cert extension then a NULL pointer dereference will result, leading to a crash and a denial of service attack.

  A server is only vulnerable if it has TLSv1.2 and renegotiation enabled (which is the default configuration). OpenSSL TLS clients are not impacted by this issue. ([CVE-2021-3449])

  Peter Kästle and Samuel Sapalski

Changes between 1.1.1i and 1.1.1j [16 Feb 2021]

• Fixed the X509_issuer_and_serial_hash() function. It attempts to create a unique hash value based on the issuer and serial number data contained within an X509 certificate. However, it was failing to correctly handle any errors that may occur while parsing the issuer field (which might occur if the issuer field is maliciously constructed). This may subsequently result in a NULL pointer deref and a crash leading to a potential denial of service attack. ([CVE-2021-23841])

  Matt Caswell

• Fixed the RSA_padding_check_SSLv23() function and the RSA_SSLV23_PADDING padding mode to correctly check for rollback attacks. This is considered a bug in OpenSSL 1.1.1 because it does not support SSLv2. In 1.0.2 this is CVE-2021-23839.

  Matt Caswell

  Fixed the EVP_CipherUpdate, EVP_EncryptUpdate and EVP_DecryptUpdate functions. Previously they could overflow the output length argument in some cases where the input length is close to the maximum permissible length for an integer on the platform. In such cases the return value from the function call would be 1 (indicating success), but the output length value would be negative. This could cause applications to behave incorrectly or crash. ([CVE-2021-23840])

  Matt Caswell

• Fixed SRP_Calc_client_key so that it runs in constant time. The previous implementation called BN_mod_exp without setting BN_FLG_CONSTTIME. This could be exploited in a side channel attack to recover the password. Since the attack is local host only this is outside of the current OpenSSL threat model and therefore no CVE is assigned.

  Thanks to Mohammed Sabt and Daniel De Almeida Braga for reporting this issue.

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 1.1.1h and 1.1.1i [8 Dec 2020]

• Fixed NULL pointer deref in the GENERAL_NAME_cmp function This function could crash if both GENERAL_NAMEs contain an EDIPARTYNAME. If an attacker can control both items being compared then this could lead to a possible denial of service attack. OpenSSL itself uses the GENERAL_NAME_cmp function for two purposes:

  1. Comparing CRL distribution point names between an available CRL and a CRL distribution point embedded in an X509 certificate
  2. When verifying that a timestamp response token signer matches the timestamp authority name (exposed via the API functions TS_RESP_verify_response and TS_RESP_verify_token) (CVE-2020-1971)

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 1.1.1g and 1.1.1h [22 Sep 2020]

• Certificates with explicit curve parameters are now disallowed in verification chains if the X509_V_FLAG_X509_STRICT flag is used.

  Tomáš Mráz

• The 'MinProtocol' and 'MaxProtocol' configuration commands now silently ignore TLS protocol version bounds when configuring DTLS-based contexts, and conversely, silently ignore DTLS protocol version bounds when configuring TLS-based contexts. The commands can be repeated to set bounds of both types. The same applies with the corresponding "min_protocol" and "max_protocol" command-line switches, in case some application uses both TLS and DTLS.

  SSL_CTX instances that are created for a fixed protocol version (e.g. TLSv1_server_method()) also silently ignore version bounds. Previously attempts to apply bounds to these protocol versions would result in an error. Now only the "version-flexible" SSL_CTX instances are subject to limits in configuration files in command-line options.

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Handshake now fails if Extended Master Secret extension is dropped on renegotiation.

  Tomáš Mráz

• The Oracle Developer Studio compiler will start reporting deprecated APIs

Changes between 1.1.1f and 1.1.1g [21 Apr 2020]

• Fixed segmentation fault in SSL_check_chain() Server or client applications that call the SSL_check_chain() function during or after a TLS 1.3 handshake may crash due to a NULL pointer dereference as a result of incorrect handling of the "signature_algorithms_cert" TLS extension. The crash occurs if an invalid or unrecognised signature algorithm is received from the peer. This could be exploited by a malicious peer in a Denial of Service attack. (CVE-2020-1967)

  Benjamin Kaduk

• Added AES consttime code for no-asm configurations an optional constant time support for AES was added when building openssl for no-asm. Enable with: ./config no-asm -DOPENSSL_AES_CONST_TIME Disable with: ./config no-asm -DOPENSSL_NO_AES_CONST_TIME At this time this feature is by default disabled. It will be enabled by default in 3.0.

  Bernd Edlinger

Changes between 1.1.1e and 1.1.1f [31 Mar 2020]

• Revert the change of EOF detection while reading in libssl to avoid regressions in applications depending on the current way of reporting the EOF. As the existing method is not fully accurate the change to reporting the EOF via SSL_ERROR_SSL is kept on the current development branch and will be present in the 3.0 release.

  Tomáš Mráz

• Revised BN_generate_prime_ex to not avoid factors 3..17863 in p-1 when primes for RSA keys are computed. Since we previously always generated primes == 2 (mod 3) for RSA keys, the 2-prime and 3-prime RSA modules were easy to distinguish, since N = pq = 1 (mod 3), but N = pq*r = 2 (mod 3). Therefore, fingerprinting 2-prime vs. 3-prime RSA keys was possible by computing N mod 3. This avoids possible fingerprinting of newly generated RSA modules.

  Bernd Edlinger

Changes between 1.1.1d and 1.1.1e [17 Mar 2020]

• Properly detect EOF while reading in libssl. Previously if we hit an EOF while reading in libssl then we would report an error back to the application (SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL) but errno would be 0. We now add an error to the stack (which means we instead return SSL_ERROR_SSL) and therefore give a hint as to what went wrong.

  Matt Caswell

• Check that ed25519 and ed448 are allowed by the security level. Previously signature algorithms not using an MD were not being checked that they were allowed by the security level.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Fixed SSL_get_servername() behaviour. The behaviour of SSL_get_servername() was not quite right. The behaviour was not consistent between resumption and normal handshakes, and also not quite consistent with historical behaviour. The behaviour in various scenarios has been clarified and it has been updated to make it match historical behaviour as closely as possible.

  Matt Caswell

• [VMS only] The header files that the VMS compilers include automatically, __DECC_INCLUDE_PROLOGUE.H and __DECC_INCLUDE_EPILOGUE.H, use pragmas that the C++ compiler doesn't understand. This is a shortcoming in the compiler, but can be worked around with __cplusplus guards.

  C++ applications that use OpenSSL libraries must be compiled using the qualifier /NAMES=(AS_IS,SHORTENED) to be able to use all the OpenSSL functions. Otherwise, only functions with symbols of less than 31 characters can be used, as the linker will not be able to successfully resolve symbols with longer names.

  Richard Levitte

• Added a new method to gather entropy on VMS, based on SYS$GET_ENTROPY. The presence of this system service is determined at run-time.

  Richard Levitte

• Print all values for a PKCS#12 attribute with 'openssl pkcs12', not just the first value.

  Jon Spillett

Changes between 1.1.1c and 1.1.1d [10 Sep 2019]

• Fixed a fork protection issue. OpenSSL 1.1.1 introduced a rewritten random number generator (RNG). This was intended to include protection in the event of a fork() system call in order to ensure that the parent and child processes did not share the same RNG state. However, this protection was not being used in the default case.

  A partial mitigation for this issue is that the output from a high precision timer is mixed into the RNG state so the likelihood of a parent and child process sharing state is significantly reduced.

  If an application already calls OPENSSL_init_crypto() explicitly using OPENSSL_INIT_ATFORK then this problem does not occur at all. (CVE-2019-1549)

  Matthias St. Pierre

• For built-in EC curves, ensure an EC_GROUP built from the curve name is used even when parsing explicit parameters, when loading a encoded key or calling EC_GROUP_new_from_ecpkparameters()/ EC_GROUP_new_from_ecparameters(). This prevents bypass of security hardening and performance gains, especially for curves with specialized EC_METHODs. By default, if a key encoded with explicit parameters is loaded and later encoded, the output is still encoded with explicit parameters, even if internally a "named" EC_GROUP is used for computation.

  Nicola Tuveri

• Compute ECC cofactors if not provided during EC_GROUP construction. Before this change, EC_GROUP_set_generator would accept order and/or cofactor as NULL. After this change, only the cofactor parameter can be NULL. It also does some minimal sanity checks on the passed order. (CVE-2019-1547)

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Fixed a padding oracle in PKCS7_dataDecode and CMS_decrypt_set1_pkey. An attack is simple, if the first CMS_recipientInfo is valid but the second CMS_recipientInfo is chosen ciphertext. If the second recipientInfo decodes to PKCS #1 v1.5 form plaintext, the correct encryption key will be replaced by garbage, and the message cannot be decoded, but if the RSA decryption fails, the correct encryption key is used and the recipient will not notice the attack. As a work around for this potential attack the length of the decrypted key must be equal to the cipher default key length, in case the certificate is not given and all recipientInfo are tried out. The old behaviour can be re-enabled in the CMS code by setting the CMS_DEBUG_DECRYPT flag. (CVE-2019-1563)

  Bernd Edlinger

• Early start up entropy quality from the DEVRANDOM seed source has been improved for older Linux systems. The RAND subsystem will wait for /dev/random to be producing output before seeding from /dev/urandom. The seeded state is stored for future library initialisations using a system global shared memory segment. The shared memory identifier can be configured by defining OPENSSL_RAND_SEED_DEVRANDOM_SHM_ID to the desired value. The default identifier is 114.

  Paul Dale

• Correct the extended master secret constant on EBCDIC systems. Without this fix TLS connections between an EBCDIC system and a non-EBCDIC system that negotiate EMS will fail. Unfortunately this also means that TLS connections between EBCDIC systems with this fix, and EBCDIC systems without this fix will fail if they negotiate EMS.

  Matt Caswell

• Use Windows installation paths in the mingw builds

  Mingw isn't a POSIX environment per se, which means that Windows paths should be used for installation. (CVE-2019-1552)

  Richard Levitte

• Changed DH_check to accept parameters with order q and 2q subgroups. With order 2q subgroups the bit 0 of the private key is not secret but DH_generate_key works around that by clearing bit 0 of the private key for those. This avoids leaking bit 0 of the private key.

  Bernd Edlinger

• Significantly reduce secure memory usage by the randomness pools.

  Paul Dale

• Revert the DEVRANDOM_WAIT feature for Linux systems

  The DEVRANDOM_WAIT feature added a select() call to wait for the /dev/random device to become readable before reading from the /dev/urandom device.

  It turned out that this change had negative side effects on performance which were not acceptable. After some discussion it was decided to revert this feature and leave it up to the OS resp. the platform maintainer to ensure a proper initialization during early boot time.

  Matthias St. Pierre

Changes between 1.1.1b and 1.1.1c [28 May 2019]

• Add build tests for C++. These are generated files that only do one thing, to include one public OpenSSL head file each. This tests that the public header files can be usefully included in a C++ application.

  This test isn't enabled by default. It can be enabled with the option 'enable-buildtest-c++'.

  Richard Levitte

• Enable SHA3 pre-hashing for ECDSA and DSA.

  Patrick Steuer

• Change the default RSA, DSA and DH size to 2048 bit instead of 1024. This changes the size when using the genpkey command when no size is given. It fixes an omission in earlier changes that changed all RSA, DSA and DH generation commands to use 2048 bits by default.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Reorganize the manual pages to consistently have RETURN VALUES, EXAMPLES, SEE ALSO and HISTORY come in that order, and adjust util/fix-doc-nits accordingly.

  Paul Yang, Joshua Lock

• Add the missing accessor EVP_PKEY_get0_engine()

  Matt Caswell

• Have commands like s_client and s_server output the signature scheme along with other cipher suite parameters when debugging.

  Lorinczy Zsigmond

• Make OPENSSL_config() error agnostic again.

  Richard Levitte

• Do the error handling in RSA decryption constant time.

  Bernd Edlinger

• Prevent over long nonces in ChaCha20-Poly1305.

  ChaCha20-Poly1305 is an AEAD cipher, and requires a unique nonce input for every encryption operation. RFC 7539 specifies that the nonce value (IV) should be 96 bits (12 bytes). OpenSSL allows a variable nonce length and front pads the nonce with 0 bytes if it is less than 12 bytes. However it also incorrectly allows a nonce to be set of up to 16 bytes. In this case only the last 12 bytes are significant and any additional leading bytes are ignored.

  It is a requirement of using this cipher that nonce values are unique. Messages encrypted using a reused nonce value are susceptible to serious confidentiality and integrity attacks. If an application changes the default nonce length to be longer than 12 bytes and then makes a change to the leading bytes of the nonce expecting the new value to be a new unique nonce then such an application could inadvertently encrypt messages with a reused nonce.

  Additionally the ignored bytes in a long nonce are not covered by the integrity guarantee of this cipher. Any application that relies on the integrity of these ignored leading bytes of a long nonce may be further affected. Any OpenSSL internal use of this cipher, including in SSL/TLS, is safe because no such use sets such a long nonce value. However user applications that use this cipher directly and set a non-default nonce length to be longer than 12 bytes may be vulnerable.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 16th of March 2019 by Joran Dirk Greef of Ronomon. (CVE-2019-1543)

  Matt Caswell

• Add DEVRANDOM_WAIT feature for Linux systems

  On older Linux systems where the getrandom() system call is not available, OpenSSL normally uses the /dev/urandom device for seeding its CSPRNG. Contrary to getrandom(), the /dev/urandom device will not block during early boot when the kernel CSPRNG has not been seeded yet.

  To mitigate this known weakness, use select() to wait for /dev/random to become readable before reading from /dev/urandom.

• Ensure that SM2 only uses SM3 as digest algorithm

  Paul Yang

Changes between 1.1.1a and 1.1.1b [26 Feb 2019]

• Change the info callback signals for the start and end of a post-handshake message exchange in TLSv1.3. In 1.1.1/1.1.1a we used SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_START and SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_DONE. Experience has shown that many applications get confused by this and assume that a TLSv1.2 renegotiation has started. This can break KeyUpdate handling. Instead we no longer signal the start and end of a post handshake message exchange (although the messages themselves are still signalled). This could break some applications that were expecting the old signals. However without this KeyUpdate is not usable for many applications.

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 1.1.1 and 1.1.1a [20 Nov 2018]

• Timing vulnerability in DSA signature generation

  The OpenSSL DSA signature algorithm has been shown to be vulnerable to a timing side channel attack. An attacker could use variations in the signing algorithm to recover the private key.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 16th October 2018 by Samuel Weiser. (CVE-2018-0734)

  Paul Dale

• Timing vulnerability in ECDSA signature generation

  The OpenSSL ECDSA signature algorithm has been shown to be vulnerable to a timing side channel attack. An attacker could use variations in the signing algorithm to recover the private key.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 25th October 2018 by Samuel Weiser. (CVE-2018-0735)

  Paul Dale

• Fixed the issue that RAND_add()/RAND_seed() silently discards random input if its length exceeds 4096 bytes. The limit has been raised to a buffer size of two gigabytes and the error handling improved.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Dr. Falko Strenzke. It has been categorized as a normal bug, not a security issue, because the DRBG reseeds automatically and is fully functional even without additional randomness provided by the application.

Changes between 1.1.0i and 1.1.1 [11 Sep 2018]

• Add a new ClientHello callback. Provides a callback interface that gives the application the ability to adjust the nascent SSL object at the earliest stage of ClientHello processing, immediately after extensions have been collected but before they have been processed. In particular, this callback can adjust the supported TLS versions in response to the contents of the ClientHello

  Benjamin Kaduk

• Add SM2 base algorithm support.

  Jack Lloyd

• s390x assembly pack: add (improved) hardware-support for the following cryptographic primitives: sha3, shake, aes-gcm, aes-ccm, aes-ctr, aes-ofb, aes-cfb/cfb8, aes-ecb.

  Patrick Steuer

• Make EVP_PKEY_asn1_new() a bit stricter about its input. A NULL pem_str parameter is no longer accepted, as it leads to a corrupt table. NULL pem_str is reserved for alias entries only.

  Richard Levitte

• Use the new ec_scalar_mul_ladder scaffold to implement a specialized ladder step for prime curves. The new implementation is based on formulae from differential addition-and-doubling in homogeneous projective coordinates from Izu-Takagi "A fast parallel elliptic curve multiplication resistant against side channel attacks" and Brier-Joye "Weierstrass Elliptic Curves and Side-Channel Attacks" Eq. (8) for y-coordinate recovery, modified to work in projective coordinates.

  Billy Bob Brumley, Nicola Tuveri

• Change generating and checking of primes so that the error rate of not being prime depends on the intended use based on the size of the input. For larger primes this will result in more rounds of Miller-Rabin. The maximal error rate for primes with more than 1080 bits is lowered to 2^-128.

  Kurt Roeckx, Annie Yousar

• Increase the number of Miller-Rabin rounds for DSA key generating to 64.

  Kurt Roeckx

• The 'tsget' script is renamed to 'tsget.pl', to avoid confusion when moving between systems, and to avoid confusion when a Windows build is done with mingw vs with MSVC. For POSIX installs, there's still a symlink or copy named 'tsget' to avoid that confusion as well.

  Richard Levitte

• Revert blinding in ECDSA sign and instead make problematic addition length-invariant. Switch even to fixed-length Montgomery multiplication.

  Andy Polyakov

• Use the new ec_scalar_mul_ladder scaffold to implement a specialized ladder step for binary curves. The new implementation is based on formulae from differential addition-and-doubling in mixed Lopez-Dahab projective coordinates, modified to independently blind the operands.

  Billy Bob Brumley, Sohaib ul Hassan, Nicola Tuveri

• Add a scaffold to optionally enhance the Montgomery ladder implementation for ec_scalar_mul_ladder (formerly ec_mul_consttime) allowing EC_METHODs to implement their own specialized "ladder step", to take advantage of more favorable coordinate systems or more efficient differential addition-and-doubling algorithms.

  Billy Bob Brumley, Sohaib ul Hassan, Nicola Tuveri

• Modified the random device based seed sources to keep the relevant file descriptors open rather than reopening them on each access. This allows such sources to operate in a chroot() jail without the associated device nodes being available. This behaviour can be controlled using RAND_keep_random_devices_open().

  Paul Dale

• Numerous side-channel attack mitigations have been applied. This may have performance impacts for some algorithms for the benefit of improved security. Specific changes are noted in this change log by their respective authors.

  Matt Caswell

• AIX shared library support overhaul. Switch to AIX "natural" way of handling shared libraries, which means collecting shared objects of different versions and bitnesses in one common archive. This allows to mitigate conflict between 1.0 and 1.1 side-by-side installations. It doesn't affect the way 3rd party applications are linked, only how multi-version installation is managed.

  Andy Polyakov

• Make ec_group_do_inverse_ord() more robust and available to other EC cryptosystems, so that irrespective of BN_FLG_CONSTTIME, SCA mitigations are applied to the fallback BN_mod_inverse(). When using this function rather than BN_mod_inverse() directly, new EC cryptosystem implementations are then safer-by-default.

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Add coordinate blinding for EC_POINT and implement projective coordinate blinding for generic prime curves as a countermeasure to chosen point SCA attacks.

  Sohaib ul Hassan, Nicola Tuveri, Billy Bob Brumley

• Add blinding to ECDSA and DSA signatures to protect against side channel attacks discovered by Keegan Ryan (NCC Group).

  Matt Caswell

• Enforce checking in the pkeyutl command to ensure that the input length does not exceed the maximum supported digest length when performing a sign, verify or verifyrecover operation.

  Matt Caswell

• SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY is enabled by default. Applications that use blocking I/O in combination with something like select() or poll() will hang. This can be turned off again using SSL_CTX_clear_mode(). Many applications do not properly handle non-application data records, and TLS 1.3 sends more of such records. Setting SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY works around the problems in those applications, but can also break some. It's recommended to read the manpages about SSL_read(), SSL_write(), SSL_get_error(), SSL_shutdown(), SSL_CTX_set_mode() and SSL_CTX_set_read_ahead() again.

  Kurt Roeckx

• When unlocking a pass phrase protected PEM file or PKCS#8 container, we now allow empty (zero character) pass phrases.

  Richard Levitte

• Apply blinding to binary field modular inversion and remove patent pending (OPENSSL_SUN_GF2M_DIV) BN_GF2m_mod_div implementation.

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Deprecate ec2_mult.c and unify scalar multiplication code paths for binary and prime elliptic curves.

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Remove ECDSA nonce padding: EC_POINT_mul is now responsible for constant time fixed point multiplication.

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Revise elliptic curve scalar multiplication with timing attack defenses: ec_wNAF_mul redirects to a constant time implementation when computing fixed point and variable point multiplication (which in OpenSSL are mostly used with secret scalars in keygen, sign, ECDH derive operations). Billy Bob Brumley, Nicola Tuveri, Cesar Pereida García, Sohaib ul Hassan

• Updated CONTRIBUTING

  Rich Salz

• Updated DRBG / RAND to request nonce and additional low entropy randomness from the system.

  Matthias St. Pierre

• Updated 'openssl rehash' to use OpenSSL consistent default.

  Richard Levitte

• Moved the load of the ssl_conf module to libcrypto, which helps loading engines that libssl uses before libssl is initialised.

  Matt Caswell

• Added EVP_PKEY_sign() and EVP_PKEY_verify() for EdDSA

  Matt Caswell

• Fixed X509_NAME_ENTRY_set to get multi-valued RDNs right in all cases.

  Ingo Schwarze, Rich Salz

• Added output of accepting IP address and port for 'openssl s_server'

  Richard Levitte

• Added a new API for TLSv1.3 ciphersuites: SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites() SSL_set_ciphersuites()

  Matt Caswell

• Memory allocation failures consistently add an error to the error stack.

  Rich Salz

• Don't use OPENSSL_ENGINES and OPENSSL_CONF environment values in libcrypto when run as setuid/setgid.

  Bernd Edlinger

• Load any config file by default when libssl is used.

  Matt Caswell

• Added new public header file <openssl/rand_drbg.h> and documentation for the RAND_DRBG API. See manual page RAND_DRBG(7) for an overview.

  Matthias St. Pierre

• QNX support removed (cannot find contributors to get their approval for the license change).

  Rich Salz

• TLSv1.3 replay protection for early data has been implemented. See the SSL_read_early_data() man page for further details.

  Matt Caswell

• Separated TLSv1.3 ciphersuite configuration out from TLSv1.2 ciphersuite configuration. TLSv1.3 ciphersuites are not compatible with TLSv1.2 and below. Similarly TLSv1.2 ciphersuites are not compatible with TLSv1.3. In order to avoid issues where legacy TLSv1.2 ciphersuite configuration would otherwise inadvertently disable all TLSv1.3 ciphersuites the configuration has been separated out. See the ciphers man page or the SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites() man page for more information.

  Matt Caswell

• On POSIX (BSD, Linux, ...) systems the ocsp(1) command running in responder mode now supports the new "-multi" option, which spawns the specified number of child processes to handle OCSP requests. The "-timeout" option now also limits the OCSP responder's patience to wait to receive the full client request on a newly accepted connection. Child processes are respawned as needed, and the CA index file is automatically reloaded when changed. This makes it possible to run the "ocsp" responder as a long-running service, making the OpenSSL CA somewhat more feature-complete. In this mode, most diagnostic messages logged after entering the event loop are logged via syslog(3) rather than written to stderr.

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Added support for X448 and Ed448. Heavily based on original work by Mike Hamburg.

  Matt Caswell

• Extend OSSL_STORE with capabilities to search and to narrow the set of objects loaded. This adds the functions OSSL_STORE_expect() and OSSL_STORE_find() as well as needed tools to construct searches and get the search data out of them.

  Richard Levitte

• Support for TLSv1.3 added. Note that users upgrading from an earlier version of OpenSSL should review their configuration settings to ensure that they are still appropriate for TLSv1.3. For further information see: https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/TLS1.3

  Matt Caswell

• Grand redesign of the OpenSSL random generator

  The default RAND method now utilizes an AES-CTR DRBG according to NIST standard SP 800-90Ar1. The new random generator is essentially a port of the default random generator from the OpenSSL FIPS 2.0 object module. It is a hybrid deterministic random bit generator using an AES-CTR bit stream and which seeds and reseeds itself automatically using trusted system entropy sources.

  Some of its new features are:

  • Support for multiple DRBG instances with seed chaining.
  • The default RAND method makes use of a DRBG.
  • There is a public and private DRBG instance.
  • The DRBG instances are fork-safe.
  • Keep all global DRBG instances on the secure heap if it is enabled.
  • The public and private DRBG instance are per thread for lock free operation

  Paul Dale, Benjamin Kaduk, Kurt Roeckx, Rich Salz, Matthias St. Pierre

• Changed Configure so it only says what it does and doesn't dump so much data. Instead, ./configdata.pm should be used as a script to display all sorts of configuration data.

  Richard Levitte

• Added processing of "make variables" to Configure.

  Richard Levitte

• Added SHA512/224 and SHA512/256 algorithm support.

  Paul Dale

• The last traces of Netware support, first removed in 1.1.0, have now been removed.

  Rich Salz

• Get rid of Makefile.shared, and in the process, make the processing of certain files (rc.obj, or the .def/.map/.opt files produced from the ordinal files) more visible and hopefully easier to trace and debug (or make silent).

  Richard Levitte

• Make it possible to have environment variable assignments as arguments to config / Configure.

  Richard Levitte

• Add multi-prime RSA (RFC 8017) support.

  Paul Yang

• Add SM3 implemented according to GB/T 32905-2016 Jack Lloyd jack.lloyd@ribose.com, Ronald Tse ronald.tse@ribose.com, Erick Borsboom erick.borsboom@ribose.com

• Add 'Maximum Fragment Length' TLS extension negotiation and support as documented in RFC6066. Based on a patch from Tomasz Moń

  Filipe Raimundo da Silva

• Add SM4 implemented according to GB/T 32907-2016. Jack Lloyd jack.lloyd@ribose.com, Ronald Tse ronald.tse@ribose.com, Erick Borsboom erick.borsboom@ribose.com

• Reimplement -newreq-nodes and ERR_error_string_n; the original author does not agree with the license change.

  Rich Salz

• Add ARIA AEAD TLS support.

  Jon Spillett

• Some macro definitions to support VS6 have been removed. Visual Studio 6 has not worked since 1.1.0

  Rich Salz

• Add ERR_clear_last_mark(), to allow callers to clear the last mark without clearing the errors.

  Richard Levitte

• Add "atfork" functions. If building on a system that without pthreads, see doc/man3/OPENSSL_fork_prepare.pod for application requirements. The RAND facility now uses/requires this.

  Rich Salz

• Add SHA3.

  Andy Polyakov

• The UI API becomes a permanent and integral part of libcrypto, i.e. not possible to disable entirely. However, it's still possible to disable the console reading UI method, UI_OpenSSL() (use UI_null() as a fallback).

  To disable, configure with 'no-ui-console'. 'no-ui' is still possible to use as an alias. Check at compile time with the macro OPENSSL_NO_UI_CONSOLE. The macro OPENSSL_NO_UI is still possible to check and is an alias for OPENSSL_NO_UI_CONSOLE.

  Richard Levitte

• Add a STORE module, which implements a uniform and URI based reader of stores that can contain keys, certificates, CRLs and numerous other objects. The main API is loosely based on a few stdio functions, and includes OSSL_STORE_open, OSSL_STORE_load, OSSL_STORE_eof, OSSL_STORE_error and OSSL_STORE_close. The implementation uses backends called "loaders" to implement arbitrary URI schemes. There is one built in "loader" for the 'file' scheme.

  Richard Levitte

• Add devcrypto engine. This has been implemented against cryptodev-linux, then adjusted to work on FreeBSD 8.4 as well. Enable by configuring with 'enable-devcryptoeng'. This is done by default on BSD implementations, as cryptodev.h is assumed to exist on all of them.

  Richard Levitte

• Module names can prefixed with OSSL_ or OPENSSL_. This affects util/mkerr.pl, which is adapted to allow those prefixes, leading to error code calls like this:

      OSSL_FOOerr(OSSL_FOO_F_SOMETHING, OSSL_FOO_R_WHATEVER);
  

  With this change, we claim the namespaces OSSL and OPENSSL in a manner that can be encoded in C. For the foreseeable future, this will only affect new modules.

  Richard Levitte and Tim Hudson

• Removed BSD cryptodev engine.

  Rich Salz

• Add a build target 'build_all_generated', to build all generated files and only that. This can be used to prepare everything that requires things like perl for a system that lacks perl and then move everything to that system and do the rest of the build there.

  Richard Levitte

• In the UI interface, make it possible to duplicate the user data. This can be used by engines that need to retain the data for a longer time than just the call where this user data is passed.

  Richard Levitte

• Ignore the '-named_curve auto' value for compatibility of applications with OpenSSL 1.0.2.

  Tomáš Mráz tmraz@fedoraproject.org

• Fragmented SSL/TLS alerts are no longer accepted. An alert message is 2 bytes long. In theory it is permissible in SSLv3 - TLSv1.2 to fragment such alerts across multiple records (some of which could be empty). In practice it make no sense to send an empty alert record, or to fragment one. TLSv1.3 prohibits this altogether and other libraries (BoringSSL, NSS) do not support this at all. Supporting it adds significant complexity to the record layer, and its removal is unlikely to cause interoperability issues.

  Matt Caswell

• Add the ASN.1 types INT32, UINT32, INT64, UINT64 and variants prefixed with Z. These are meant to replace LONG and ZLONG and to be size safe. The use of LONG and ZLONG is discouraged and scheduled for deprecation in OpenSSL 1.2.0.

  Richard Levitte

• Add the 'z' and 'j' modifiers to BIO_printf() et al formatting string, 'z' is to be used for [s]size_t, and 'j' - with [u]int64_t.

  Richard Levitte, Andy Polyakov

• Add EC_KEY_get0_engine(), which does for EC_KEY what RSA_get0_engine() does for RSA, etc.

  Richard Levitte

• Have 'config' recognise 64-bit mingw and choose 'mingw64' as the target platform rather than 'mingw'.

  Richard Levitte

• The functions X509_STORE_add_cert and X509_STORE_add_crl return success if they are asked to add an object which already exists in the store. This change cascades to other functions which load certificates and CRLs.

  Paul Dale

• x86_64 assembly pack: annotate code with DWARF CFI directives to facilitate stack unwinding even from assembly subroutines.

  Andy Polyakov

• Remove VAX C specific definitions of OPENSSL_EXPORT, OPENSSL_EXTERN. Also remove OPENSSL_GLOBAL entirely, as it became a no-op.

  Richard Levitte

• Remove the VMS-specific reimplementation of gmtime from crypto/o_times.c. VMS C's RTL has a fully up to date gmtime() and gmtime_r() since V7.1, which is the minimum version we support.

  Richard Levitte

• Certificate time validation (X509_cmp_time) enforces stricter compliance with RFC 5280. Fractional seconds and timezone offsets are no longer allowed.

  Emilia Käsper

• Add support for ARIA

  Paul Dale

• s_client will now send the Server Name Indication (SNI) extension by default unless the new "-noservername" option is used. The server name is based on the host provided to the "-connect" option unless overridden by using "-servername".

  Matt Caswell

• Add support for SipHash

  Todd Short

• OpenSSL now fails if it receives an unrecognised record type in TLS1.0 or TLS1.1. Previously this only happened in SSLv3 and TLS1.2. This is to prevent issues where no progress is being made and the peer continually sends unrecognised record types, using up resources processing them.

  Matt Caswell

• 'openssl passwd' can now produce SHA256 and SHA512 based output, using the algorithm defined in https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/SHA-crypt.txt

  Richard Levitte

• Heartbeat support has been removed; the ABI is changed for now.

  Richard Levitte, Rich Salz

• Support for SSL_OP_NO_ENCRYPT_THEN_MAC in SSL_CONF_cmd.

  Emilia Käsper

• The RSA "null" method, which was partially supported to avoid patent issues, has been replaced to always returns NULL.

  Rich Salz

OpenSSL 1.1.0

Changes between 1.1.0k and 1.1.0l [10 Sep 2019]

• For built-in EC curves, ensure an EC_GROUP built from the curve name is used even when parsing explicit parameters, when loading a encoded key or calling EC_GROUP_new_from_ecpkparameters()/ EC_GROUP_new_from_ecparameters(). This prevents bypass of security hardening and performance gains, especially for curves with specialized EC_METHODs. By default, if a key encoded with explicit parameters is loaded and later encoded, the output is still encoded with explicit parameters, even if internally a "named" EC_GROUP is used for computation.

  Nicola Tuveri

• Compute ECC cofactors if not provided during EC_GROUP construction. Before this change, EC_GROUP_set_generator would accept order and/or cofactor as NULL. After this change, only the cofactor parameter can be NULL. It also does some minimal sanity checks on the passed order. (CVE-2019-1547)

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Fixed a padding oracle in PKCS7_dataDecode and CMS_decrypt_set1_pkey. An attack is simple, if the first CMS_recipientInfo is valid but the second CMS_recipientInfo is chosen ciphertext. If the second recipientInfo decodes to PKCS #1 v1.5 form plaintext, the correct encryption key will be replaced by garbage, and the message cannot be decoded, but if the RSA decryption fails, the correct encryption key is used and the recipient will not notice the attack. As a work around for this potential attack the length of the decrypted key must be equal to the cipher default key length, in case the certificate is not given and all recipientInfo are tried out. The old behaviour can be re-enabled in the CMS code by setting the CMS_DEBUG_DECRYPT flag. (CVE-2019-1563)

  Bernd Edlinger

• Use Windows installation paths in the mingw builds

  Mingw isn't a POSIX environment per se, which means that Windows paths should be used for installation. (CVE-2019-1552)

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 1.1.0j and 1.1.0k [28 May 2019]

• Change the default RSA, DSA and DH size to 2048 bit instead of 1024. This changes the size when using the genpkey command when no size is given. It fixes an omission in earlier changes that changed all RSA, DSA and DH generation commands to use 2048 bits by default.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Prevent over long nonces in ChaCha20-Poly1305.

  ChaCha20-Poly1305 is an AEAD cipher, and requires a unique nonce input for every encryption operation. RFC 7539 specifies that the nonce value (IV) should be 96 bits (12 bytes). OpenSSL allows a variable nonce length and front pads the nonce with 0 bytes if it is less than 12 bytes. However it also incorrectly allows a nonce to be set of up to 16 bytes. In this case only the last 12 bytes are significant and any additional leading bytes are ignored.

  It is a requirement of using this cipher that nonce values are unique. Messages encrypted using a reused nonce value are susceptible to serious confidentiality and integrity attacks. If an application changes the default nonce length to be longer than 12 bytes and then makes a change to the leading bytes of the nonce expecting the new value to be a new unique nonce then such an application could inadvertently encrypt messages with a reused nonce.

  Additionally the ignored bytes in a long nonce are not covered by the integrity guarantee of this cipher. Any application that relies on the integrity of these ignored leading bytes of a long nonce may be further affected. Any OpenSSL internal use of this cipher, including in SSL/TLS, is safe because no such use sets such a long nonce value. However user applications that use this cipher directly and set a non-default nonce length to be longer than 12 bytes may be vulnerable.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 16th of March 2019 by Joran Dirk Greef of Ronomon. (CVE-2019-1543)

  Matt Caswell

• Added SCA hardening for modular field inversion in EC_GROUP through a new dedicated field_inv() pointer in EC_METHOD. This also addresses a leakage affecting conversions from projective to affine coordinates.

  Billy Bob Brumley, Nicola Tuveri

• Fix a use after free bug in d2i_X509_PUBKEY when overwriting a reused X509_PUBKEY object if the second PUBKEY is malformed.

  Bernd Edlinger

• Move strictness check from EVP_PKEY_asn1_new() to EVP_PKEY_asn1_add0().

  Richard Levitte

• Remove the 'dist' target and add a tarball building script. The 'dist' target has fallen out of use, and it shouldn't be necessary to configure just to create a source distribution.

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 1.1.0i and 1.1.0j [20 Nov 2018]

• Timing vulnerability in DSA signature generation

  The OpenSSL DSA signature algorithm has been shown to be vulnerable to a timing side channel attack. An attacker could use variations in the signing algorithm to recover the private key.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 16th October 2018 by Samuel Weiser. (CVE-2018-0734)

  Paul Dale

• Timing vulnerability in ECDSA signature generation

  The OpenSSL ECDSA signature algorithm has been shown to be vulnerable to a timing side channel attack. An attacker could use variations in the signing algorithm to recover the private key.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 25th October 2018 by Samuel Weiser. (CVE-2018-0735)

  Paul Dale

• Add coordinate blinding for EC_POINT and implement projective coordinate blinding for generic prime curves as a countermeasure to chosen point SCA attacks.

  Sohaib ul Hassan, Nicola Tuveri, Billy Bob Brumley

Changes between 1.1.0h and 1.1.0i [14 Aug 2018]

• Client DoS due to large DH parameter

  During key agreement in a TLS handshake using a DH(E) based ciphersuite a malicious server can send a very large prime value to the client. This will cause the client to spend an unreasonably long period of time generating a key for this prime resulting in a hang until the client has finished. This could be exploited in a Denial Of Service attack.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 5th June 2018 by Guido Vranken (CVE-2018-0732)

  Guido Vranken

• Cache timing vulnerability in RSA Key Generation

  The OpenSSL RSA Key generation algorithm has been shown to be vulnerable to a cache timing side channel attack. An attacker with sufficient access to mount cache timing attacks during the RSA key generation process could recover the private key.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 4th April 2018 by Alejandro Cabrera Aldaya, Billy Brumley, Cesar Pereida Garcia and Luis Manuel Alvarez Tapia. (CVE-2018-0737)

  Billy Brumley

• Make EVP_PKEY_asn1_new() a bit stricter about its input. A NULL pem_str parameter is no longer accepted, as it leads to a corrupt table. NULL pem_str is reserved for alias entries only.

  Richard Levitte

• Revert blinding in ECDSA sign and instead make problematic addition length-invariant. Switch even to fixed-length Montgomery multiplication.

  Andy Polyakov

• Change generating and checking of primes so that the error rate of not being prime depends on the intended use based on the size of the input. For larger primes this will result in more rounds of Miller-Rabin. The maximal error rate for primes with more than 1080 bits is lowered to 2^-128.

  Kurt Roeckx, Annie Yousar

• Increase the number of Miller-Rabin rounds for DSA key generating to 64.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Add blinding to ECDSA and DSA signatures to protect against side channel attacks discovered by Keegan Ryan (NCC Group).

  Matt Caswell

• When unlocking a pass phrase protected PEM file or PKCS#8 container, we now allow empty (zero character) pass phrases.

  Richard Levitte

• Certificate time validation (X509_cmp_time) enforces stricter compliance with RFC 5280. Fractional seconds and timezone offsets are no longer allowed.

  Emilia Käsper

• Fixed a text canonicalisation bug in CMS

  Where a CMS detached signature is used with text content the text goes through a canonicalisation process first prior to signing or verifying a signature. This process strips trailing space at the end of lines, converts line terminators to CRLF and removes additional trailing line terminators at the end of a file. A bug in the canonicalisation process meant that some characters, such as form-feed, were incorrectly treated as whitespace and removed. This is contrary to the specification (RFC5485). This fix could mean that detached text data signed with an earlier version of OpenSSL 1.1.0 may fail to verify using the fixed version, or text data signed with a fixed OpenSSL may fail to verify with an earlier version of OpenSSL 1.1.0. A workaround is to only verify the canonicalised text data and use the "-binary" flag (for the "cms" command line application) or set the SMIME_BINARY/PKCS7_BINARY/CMS_BINARY flags (if using CMS_verify()).

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 1.1.0g and 1.1.0h [27 Mar 2018]

• Constructed ASN.1 types with a recursive definition could exceed the stack

  Constructed ASN.1 types with a recursive definition (such as can be found in PKCS7) could eventually exceed the stack given malicious input with excessive recursion. This could result in a Denial Of Service attack. There are no such structures used within SSL/TLS that come from untrusted sources so this is considered safe.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 4th January 2018 by the OSS-fuzz project. (CVE-2018-0739)

  Matt Caswell

• Incorrect CRYPTO_memcmp on HP-UX PA-RISC

  Because of an implementation bug the PA-RISC CRYPTO_memcmp function is effectively reduced to only comparing the least significant bit of each byte. This allows an attacker to forge messages that would be considered as authenticated in an amount of tries lower than that guaranteed by the security claims of the scheme. The module can only be compiled by the HP-UX assembler, so that only HP-UX PA-RISC targets are affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 2nd March 2018 by Peter Waltenberg (IBM). (CVE-2018-0733)

  Andy Polyakov

• Add a build target 'build_all_generated', to build all generated files and only that. This can be used to prepare everything that requires things like perl for a system that lacks perl and then move everything to that system and do the rest of the build there.

  Richard Levitte

• Backport SSL_OP_NO_RENGOTIATION

  OpenSSL 1.0.2 and below had the ability to disable renegotiation using the (undocumented) SSL3_FLAGS_NO_RENEGOTIATE_CIPHERS flag. Due to the opacity changes this is no longer possible in 1.1.0. Therefore, the new SSL_OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION option from 1.1.1-dev has been backported to 1.1.0 to provide equivalent functionality.

  Note that if an application built against 1.1.0h headers (or above) is run using an older version of 1.1.0 (prior to 1.1.0h) then the option will be accepted but nothing will happen, i.e. renegotiation will not be prevented.

  Matt Caswell

• Removed the OS390-Unix config target. It relied on a script that doesn't exist.

  Rich Salz

• rsaz_1024_mul_avx2 overflow bug on x86_64

  There is an overflow bug in the AVX2 Montgomery multiplication procedure used in exponentiation with 1024-bit moduli. No EC algorithms are affected. Analysis suggests that attacks against RSA and DSA as a result of this defect would be very difficult to perform and are not believed likely. Attacks against DH1024 are considered just feasible, because most of the work necessary to deduce information about a private key may be performed offline. The amount of resources required for such an attack would be significant. However, for an attack on TLS to be meaningful, the server would have to share the DH1024 private key among multiple clients, which is no longer an option since CVE-2016-0701.

  This only affects processors that support the AVX2 but not ADX extensions like Intel Haswell (4th generation).

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by David Benjamin (Google). The issue was originally found via the OSS-Fuzz project. (CVE-2017-3738)

  Andy Polyakov

Changes between 1.1.0f and 1.1.0g [2 Nov 2017]

• bn_sqrx8x_internal carry bug on x86_64

  There is a carry propagating bug in the x86_64 Montgomery squaring procedure. No EC algorithms are affected. Analysis suggests that attacks against RSA and DSA as a result of this defect would be very difficult to perform and are not believed likely. Attacks against DH are considered just feasible (although very difficult) because most of the work necessary to deduce information about a private key may be performed offline. The amount of resources required for such an attack would be very significant and likely only accessible to a limited number of attackers. An attacker would additionally need online access to an unpatched system using the target private key in a scenario with persistent DH parameters and a private key that is shared between multiple clients.

  This only affects processors that support the BMI1, BMI2 and ADX extensions like Intel Broadwell (5th generation) and later or AMD Ryzen.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by the OSS-Fuzz project. (CVE-2017-3736)

  Andy Polyakov

• Malformed X.509 IPAddressFamily could cause OOB read

  If an X.509 certificate has a malformed IPAddressFamily extension, OpenSSL could do a one-byte buffer overread. The most likely result would be an erroneous display of the certificate in text format.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by the OSS-Fuzz project. (CVE-2017-3735)

  Rich Salz

Changes between 1.1.0e and 1.1.0f [25 May 2017]

• Have 'config' recognise 64-bit mingw and choose 'mingw64' as the target platform rather than 'mingw'.

  Richard Levitte

• Remove the VMS-specific reimplementation of gmtime from crypto/o_times.c. VMS C's RTL has a fully up to date gmtime() and gmtime_r() since V7.1, which is the minimum version we support.

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 1.1.0d and 1.1.0e [16 Feb 2017]

• Encrypt-Then-Mac renegotiation crash

  During a renegotiation handshake if the Encrypt-Then-Mac extension is negotiated where it was not in the original handshake (or vice-versa) then this can cause OpenSSL to crash (dependent on ciphersuite). Both clients and servers are affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Joe Orton (Red Hat). (CVE-2017-3733)

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 1.1.0c and 1.1.0d [26 Jan 2017]

• Truncated packet could crash via OOB read

  If one side of an SSL/TLS path is running on a 32-bit host and a specific cipher is being used, then a truncated packet can cause that host to perform an out-of-bounds read, usually resulting in a crash.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Robert Święcki of Google. (CVE-2017-3731)

  Andy Polyakov

• Bad (EC)DHE parameters cause a client crash

  If a malicious server supplies bad parameters for a DHE or ECDHE key exchange then this can result in the client attempting to dereference a NULL pointer leading to a client crash. This could be exploited in a Denial of Service attack.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Guido Vranken. (CVE-2017-3730)

  Matt Caswell

• BN_mod_exp may produce incorrect results on x86_64

  There is a carry propagating bug in the x86_64 Montgomery squaring procedure. No EC algorithms are affected. Analysis suggests that attacks against RSA and DSA as a result of this defect would be very difficult to perform and are not believed likely. Attacks against DH are considered just feasible (although very difficult) because most of the work necessary to deduce information about a private key may be performed offline. The amount of resources required for such an attack would be very significant and likely only accessible to a limited number of attackers. An attacker would additionally need online access to an unpatched system using the target private key in a scenario with persistent DH parameters and a private key that is shared between multiple clients. For example this can occur by default in OpenSSL DHE based SSL/TLS ciphersuites. Note: This issue is very similar to CVE-2015-3193 but must be treated as a separate problem.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by the OSS-Fuzz project. (CVE-2017-3732)

  Andy Polyakov

Changes between 1.1.0b and 1.1.0c [10 Nov 2016]

• ChaCha20/Poly1305 heap-buffer-overflow

  TLS connections using *-CHACHA20-POLY1305 ciphersuites are susceptible to a DoS attack by corrupting larger payloads. This can result in an OpenSSL crash. This issue is not considered to be exploitable beyond a DoS.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Robert Święcki (Google Security Team) (CVE-2016-7054)

  Richard Levitte

• CMS Null dereference

  Applications parsing invalid CMS structures can crash with a NULL pointer dereference. This is caused by a bug in the handling of the ASN.1 CHOICE type in OpenSSL 1.1.0 which can result in a NULL value being passed to the structure callback if an attempt is made to free certain invalid encodings. Only CHOICE structures using a callback which do not handle NULL value are affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Tyler Nighswander of ForAllSecure. (CVE-2016-7053)

  Stephen Henson

• Montgomery multiplication may produce incorrect results

  There is a carry propagating bug in the Broadwell-specific Montgomery multiplication procedure that handles input lengths divisible by, but longer than 256 bits. Analysis suggests that attacks against RSA, DSA and DH private keys are impossible. This is because the subroutine in question is not used in operations with the private key itself and an input of the attacker's direct choice. Otherwise the bug can manifest itself as transient authentication and key negotiation failures or reproducible erroneous outcome of public-key operations with specially crafted input. Among EC algorithms only Brainpool P-512 curves are affected and one presumably can attack ECDH key negotiation. Impact was not analyzed in detail, because pre-requisites for attack are considered unlikely. Namely multiple clients have to choose the curve in question and the server has to share the private key among them, neither of which is default behaviour. Even then only clients that chose the curve will be affected.

  This issue was publicly reported as transient failures and was not initially recognized as a security issue. Thanks to Richard Morgan for providing reproducible case. (CVE-2016-7055)

  Andy Polyakov

• Removed automatic addition of RPATH in shared libraries and executables, as this was a remainder from OpenSSL 1.0.x and isn't needed any more.

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 1.1.0a and 1.1.0b [26 Sep 2016]

• Fix Use After Free for large message sizes

  The patch applied to address CVE-2016-6307 resulted in an issue where if a message larger than approx 16k is received then the underlying buffer to store the incoming message is reallocated and moved. Unfortunately a dangling pointer to the old location is left which results in an attempt to write to the previously freed location. This is likely to result in a crash, however it could potentially lead to execution of arbitrary code.

  This issue only affects OpenSSL 1.1.0a.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Robert Święcki. (CVE-2016-6309)

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 1.1.0 and 1.1.0a [22 Sep 2016]

• OCSP Status Request extension unbounded memory growth

  A malicious client can send an excessively large OCSP Status Request extension. If that client continually requests renegotiation, sending a large OCSP Status Request extension each time, then there will be unbounded memory growth on the server. This will eventually lead to a Denial Of Service attack through memory exhaustion. Servers with a default configuration are vulnerable even if they do not support OCSP. Builds using the "no-ocsp" build time option are not affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-6304)

  Matt Caswell

• SSL_peek() hang on empty record

  OpenSSL 1.1.0 SSL/TLS will hang during a call to SSL_peek() if the peer sends an empty record. This could be exploited by a malicious peer in a Denial Of Service attack.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Alex Gaynor. (CVE-2016-6305)

  Matt Caswell

• Excessive allocation of memory in tls_get_message_header() and dtls1_preprocess_fragment()

  A (D)TLS message includes 3 bytes for its length in the header for the message. This would allow for messages up to 16Mb in length. Messages of this length are excessive and OpenSSL includes a check to ensure that a peer is sending reasonably sized messages in order to avoid too much memory being consumed to service a connection. A flaw in the logic of version 1.1.0 means that memory for the message is allocated too early, prior to the excessive message length check. Due to way memory is allocated in OpenSSL this could mean an attacker could force up to 21Mb to be allocated to service a connection. This could lead to a Denial of Service through memory exhaustion. However, the excessive message length check still takes place, and this would cause the connection to immediately fail. Assuming that the application calls SSL_free() on the failed connection in a timely manner then the 21Mb of allocated memory will then be immediately freed again. Therefore, the excessive memory allocation will be transitory in nature. This then means that there is only a security impact if:

  1. The application does not call SSL_free() in a timely manner in the event that the connection fails or
  2. The application is working in a constrained environment where there is very little free memory or
  3. The attacker initiates multiple connection attempts such that there are multiple connections in a state where memory has been allocated for the connection; SSL_free() has not yet been called; and there is insufficient memory to service the multiple requests.

  Except in the instance of (1) above any Denial Of Service is likely to be transitory because as soon as the connection fails the memory is subsequently freed again in the SSL_free() call. However there is an increased risk during this period of application crashes due to the lack of memory - which would then mean a more serious Denial of Service.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-6307 and CVE-2016-6308)

  Matt Caswell

• solaris-x86-cc, i.e. 32-bit configuration with vendor compiler, had to be removed. Primary reason is that vendor assembler can't assemble our modules with -KPIC flag. As result it, assembly support, was not even available as option. But its lack means lack of side-channel resistant code, which is incompatible with security by todays standards. Fortunately gcc is readily available prepackaged option, which we firmly point at...

  Andy Polyakov

Changes between 1.0.2h and 1.1.0 [25 Aug 2016]

• Windows command-line tool supports UTF-8 opt-in option for arguments and console input. Setting OPENSSL_WIN32_UTF8 environment variable (to any value) allows Windows user to access PKCS#12 file generated with Windows CryptoAPI and protected with non-ASCII password, as well as files generated under UTF-8 locale on Linux also protected with non-ASCII password.

  Andy Polyakov

• To mitigate the SWEET32 attack (CVE-2016-2183), 3DES cipher suites have been disabled by default and removed from DEFAULT, just like RC4. See the RC4 item below to re-enable both.

  Rich Salz

• The method for finding the storage location for the Windows RAND seed file has changed. First we check %RANDFILE%. If that is not set then we check the directories %HOME%, %USERPROFILE% and %SYSTEMROOT% in that order. If all else fails we fall back to C:.

  Matt Caswell

• The EVP_EncryptUpdate() function has had its return type changed from void to int. A return of 0 indicates and error while a return of 1 indicates success.

  Matt Caswell

• The flags RSA_FLAG_NO_CONSTTIME, DSA_FLAG_NO_EXP_CONSTTIME and DH_FLAG_NO_EXP_CONSTTIME which previously provided the ability to switch off the constant time implementation for RSA, DSA and DH have been made no-ops and deprecated.

  Matt Caswell

• Windows RAND implementation was simplified to only get entropy by calling CryptGenRandom(). Various other RAND-related tickets were also closed.

  Joseph Wylie Yandle, Rich Salz

• The stack and lhash API's were renamed to start with OPENSSL_SK_ and OPENSSL_LH_, respectively. The old names are available with API compatibility. They new names are now completely documented.

  Rich Salz

• Unify TYPE_up_ref(obj) methods signature. SSL_CTX_up_ref(), SSL_up_ref(), X509_up_ref(), EVP_PKEY_up_ref(), X509_CRL_up_ref(), X509_OBJECT_up_ref_count() methods are now returning an int (instead of void) like all others TYPE_up_ref() methods. So now these methods also check the return value of CRYPTO_atomic_add(), and the validity of object reference counter.

  fdasilvayy@gmail.com

• With Windows Visual Studio builds, the .pdb files are installed alongside the installed libraries and executables. For a static library installation, ossl_static.pdb is the associate compiler generated .pdb file to be used when linking programs.

  Richard Levitte

• Remove openssl.spec. Packaging files belong with the packagers.

  Richard Levitte

• Automatic Darwin/OSX configuration has had a refresh, it will now recognise x86_64 architectures automatically. You can still decide to build for a different bitness with the environment variable KERNEL_BITS (can be 32 or 64), for example:

      KERNEL_BITS=32 ./config
  

  Richard Levitte

• Change default algorithms in pkcs8 utility to use PKCS#5 v2.0, 256 bit AES and HMAC with SHA256.

  Steve Henson

• Remove support for MIPS o32 ABI on IRIX (and IRIX only).

  Andy Polyakov

• Triple-DES ciphers have been moved from HIGH to MEDIUM.

  Rich Salz

• To enable users to have their own config files and build file templates, Configure looks in the directory indicated by the environment variable OPENSSL_LOCAL_CONFIG_DIR as well as the in-source Configurations/ directory. On VMS, OPENSSL_LOCAL_CONFIG_DIR is expected to be a logical name and is used as is.

  Richard Levitte

• The following datatypes were made opaque: X509_OBJECT, X509_STORE_CTX, X509_STORE, X509_LOOKUP, and X509_LOOKUP_METHOD. The unused type X509_CERT_FILE_CTX was removed.

  Rich Salz

• "shared" builds are now the default. To create only static libraries use the "no-shared" Configure option.

  Matt Caswell

• Remove the no-aes, no-hmac, no-rsa, no-sha and no-md5 Configure options. All of these option have not worked for some while and are fundamental algorithms.

  Matt Caswell

• Make various cleanup routines no-ops and mark them as deprecated. Most global cleanup functions are no longer required because they are handled via auto-deinit (see OPENSSL_init_crypto and OPENSSL_init_ssl man pages). Explicitly de-initing can cause problems (e.g. where a library that uses OpenSSL de-inits, but an application is still using it). The affected functions are CONF_modules_free(), ENGINE_cleanup(), OBJ_cleanup(), EVP_cleanup(), BIO_sock_cleanup(), CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data(), RAND_cleanup(), SSL_COMP_free_compression_methods(), ERR_free_strings() and COMP_zlib_cleanup().

  Matt Caswell

• --strict-warnings no longer enables runtime debugging options such as REF_DEBUG. Instead, debug options are automatically enabled with '--debug' builds.

  Andy Polyakov, Emilia Käsper

• Made DH and DH_METHOD opaque. The structures for managing DH objects have been moved out of the public header files. New functions for managing these have been added.

  Matt Caswell

• Made RSA and RSA_METHOD opaque. The structures for managing RSA objects have been moved out of the public header files. New functions for managing these have been added.

  Richard Levitte

• Made DSA and DSA_METHOD opaque. The structures for managing DSA objects have been moved out of the public header files. New functions for managing these have been added.

  Matt Caswell

• Made BIO and BIO_METHOD opaque. The structures for managing BIOs have been moved out of the public header files. New functions for managing these have been added.

  Matt Caswell

• Removed no-rijndael as a config option. Rijndael is an old name for AES.

  Matt Caswell

• Removed the mk1mf build scripts.

  Richard Levitte

• Headers are now wrapped, if necessary, with OPENSSL_NO_xxx, so it is always safe to #include a header now.

  Rich Salz

• Removed the aged BC-32 config and all its supporting scripts

  Richard Levitte

• Removed support for Ultrix, Netware, and OS/2.

  Rich Salz

• Add support for HKDF.

  Alessandro Ghedini

• Add support for blake2b and blake2s

  Bill Cox

• Added support for "pipelining". Ciphers that have the EVP_CIPH_FLAG_PIPELINE flag set have a capability to process multiple encryptions/decryptions simultaneously. There are currently no built-in ciphers with this property but the expectation is that engines will be able to offer it to significantly improve throughput. Support has been extended into libssl so that multiple records for a single connection can be processed in one go (for >=TLS 1.1).

  Matt Caswell

• Added the AFALG engine. This is an async capable engine which is able to offload work to the Linux kernel. In this initial version it only supports AES128-CBC. The kernel must be version 4.1.0 or greater.

  Catriona Lucey

• OpenSSL now uses a new threading API. It is no longer necessary to set locking callbacks to use OpenSSL in a multi-threaded environment. There are two supported threading models: pthreads and windows threads. It is also possible to configure OpenSSL at compile time for "no-threads". The old threading API should no longer be used. The functions have been replaced with "no-op" compatibility macros.

  Alessandro Ghedini, Matt Caswell

• Modify behavior of ALPN to invoke callback after SNI/servername callback, such that updates to the SSL_CTX affect ALPN.

  Todd Short

• Add SSL_CIPHER queries for authentication and key-exchange.

  Todd Short

• Changes to the DEFAULT cipherlist:

  • Prefer (EC)DHE handshakes over plain RSA.
  • Prefer AEAD ciphers over legacy ciphers.
  • Prefer ECDSA over RSA when both certificates are available.
  • Prefer TLSv1.2 ciphers/PRF.
  • Remove DSS, SEED, IDEA, CAMELLIA, and AES-CCM from the default cipherlist.

  Emilia Käsper

• Change the ECC default curve list to be this, in order: x25519, secp256r1, secp521r1, secp384r1.

  Rich Salz

• RC4 based libssl ciphersuites are now classed as "weak" ciphers and are disabled by default. They can be re-enabled using the enable-weak-ssl-ciphers option to Configure.

  Matt Caswell

• If the server has ALPN configured, but supports no protocols that the client advertises, send a fatal "no_application_protocol" alert. This behaviour is SHALL in RFC 7301, though it isn't universally implemented by other servers.

  Emilia Käsper

• Add X25519 support. Add ASN.1 and EVP_PKEY methods for X25519. This includes support for public and private key encoding using the format documented in draft-ietf-curdle-pkix-02. The corresponding EVP_PKEY method supports key generation and key derivation.

  TLS support complies with draft-ietf-tls-rfc4492bis-08 and uses X25519(29).

  Steve Henson

• Deprecate SRP_VBASE_get_by_user. SRP_VBASE_get_by_user had inconsistent memory management behaviour. In order to fix an unavoidable memory leak (CVE-2016-0798), SRP_VBASE_get_by_user was changed to ignore the "fake user" SRP seed, even if the seed is configured.

  Users should use SRP_VBASE_get1_by_user instead. Note that in SRP_VBASE_get1_by_user, caller must free the returned value. Note also that even though configuring the SRP seed attempts to hide invalid usernames by continuing the handshake with fake credentials, this behaviour is not constant time and no strong guarantees are made that the handshake is indistinguishable from that of a valid user.

  Emilia Käsper

• Configuration change; it's now possible to build dynamic engines without having to build shared libraries and vice versa. This only applies to the engines in engines/, those in crypto/engine/ will always be built into libcrypto (i.e. "static").

  Building dynamic engines is enabled by default; to disable, use the configuration option "disable-dynamic-engine".

  The only requirements for building dynamic engines are the presence of the DSO module and building with position independent code, so they will also automatically be disabled if configuring with "disable-dso" or "disable-pic".

  The macros OPENSSL_NO_STATIC_ENGINE and OPENSSL_NO_DYNAMIC_ENGINE are also taken away from openssl/opensslconf.h, as they are irrelevant.

  Richard Levitte

• Configuration change; if there is a known flag to compile position independent code, it will always be applied on the libcrypto and libssl object files, and never on the application object files. This means other libraries that use routines from libcrypto / libssl can be made into shared libraries regardless of how OpenSSL was configured.

  If this isn't desirable, the configuration options "disable-pic" or "no-pic" can be used to disable the use of PIC. This will also disable building shared libraries and dynamic engines.

  Richard Levitte

• Removed JPAKE code. It was experimental and has no wide use.

  Rich Salz

• The INSTALL_PREFIX Makefile variable has been renamed to DESTDIR. That makes for less confusion on what this variable is for. Also, the configuration option --install_prefix is removed.

  Richard Levitte

• Heartbeat for TLS has been removed and is disabled by default for DTLS; configure with enable-heartbeats. Code that uses the old #define's might need to be updated.

  Emilia Käsper, Rich Salz

• Rename REF_CHECK to REF_DEBUG.

  Rich Salz

• New "unified" build system

  The "unified" build system is aimed to be a common system for all platforms we support. With it comes new support for VMS.

  This system builds supports building in a different directory tree than the source tree. It produces one Makefile (for unix family or lookalikes), or one descrip.mms (for VMS).

  The source of information to make the Makefile / descrip.mms is small files called 'build.info', holding the necessary information for each directory with source to compile, and a template in Configurations, like unix-Makefile.tmpl or descrip.mms.tmpl.

  With this change, the library names were also renamed on Windows and on VMS. They now have names that are closer to the standard on Unix, and include the major version number, and in certain cases, the architecture they are built for. See "Notes on shared libraries" in INSTALL.

  We rely heavily on the perl module Text::Template.

  Richard Levitte

• Added support for auto-initialisation and de-initialisation of the library. OpenSSL no longer requires explicit init or deinit routines to be called, except in certain circumstances. See the OPENSSL_init_crypto() and OPENSSL_init_ssl() man pages for further information.

  Matt Caswell

• The arguments to the DTLSv1_listen function have changed. Specifically the "peer" argument is now expected to be a BIO_ADDR object.

• Rewrite of BIO networking library. The BIO library lacked consistent support of IPv6, and adding it required some more extensive modifications. This introduces the BIO_ADDR and BIO_ADDRINFO types, which hold all types of addresses and chains of address information. It also introduces a new API, with functions like BIO_socket, BIO_connect, BIO_listen, BIO_lookup and a rewrite of BIO_accept. The source/sink BIOs BIO_s_connect, BIO_s_accept and BIO_s_datagram have been adapted accordingly.

  Richard Levitte

• RSA_padding_check_PKCS1_type_1 now accepts inputs with and without the leading 0-byte.

  Emilia Käsper

• CRIME protection: disable compression by default, even if OpenSSL is compiled with zlib enabled. Applications can still enable compression by calling SSL_CTX_clear_options(ctx, SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION), or by using the SSL_CONF library to configure compression.

  Emilia Käsper

• The signature of the session callback configured with SSL_CTX_sess_set_get_cb was changed. The read-only input buffer was explicitly marked as const unsigned char* instead of unsigned char*.

  Emilia Käsper

• Always DPURIFY. Remove the use of uninitialized memory in the RNG, and other conditional uses of DPURIFY. This makes -DPURIFY a no-op.

  Emilia Käsper

• Removed many obsolete configuration items, including DES_PTR, DES_RISC1, DES_RISC2, DES_INT MD2_CHAR, MD2_INT, MD2_LONG BF_PTR, BF_PTR2 IDEA_SHORT, IDEA_LONG RC2_SHORT, RC2_LONG, RC4_LONG, RC4_CHUNK, RC4_INDEX

  Rich Salz, with advice from Andy Polyakov

• Many BN internals have been moved to an internal header file.

  Rich Salz with help from Andy Polyakov

• Configuration and writing out the results from it has changed. Files such as Makefile include/openssl/opensslconf.h and are now produced through general templates, such as Makefile.in and crypto/opensslconf.h.in and some help from the perl module Text::Template.

  Also, the center of configuration information is no longer Makefile. Instead, Configure produces a perl module in configdata.pm which holds most of the config data (in the hash table %config), the target data that comes from the target configuration in one of the Configurations/*.conf files (in %target).

  Richard Levitte

• To clarify their intended purposes, the Configure options --prefix and --openssldir change their semantics, and become more straightforward and less interdependent.

  --prefix shall be used exclusively to give the location INSTALLTOP where programs, scripts, libraries, include files and manuals are going to be installed. The default is now /usr/local.

  --openssldir shall be used exclusively to give the default location OPENSSLDIR where certificates, private keys, CRLs are managed. This is also where the default openssl.cnf gets installed. If the directory given with this option is a relative path, the values of both the --prefix value and the --openssldir value will be combined to become OPENSSLDIR. The default for --openssldir is INSTALLTOP/ssl.

  Anyone who uses --openssldir to specify where OpenSSL is to be installed MUST change to use --prefix instead.

  Richard Levitte

• The GOST engine was out of date and therefore it has been removed. An up to date GOST engine is now being maintained in an external repository. See: https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Binaries. Libssl still retains support for GOST ciphersuites (these are only activated if a GOST engine is present).

  Matt Caswell

• EGD is no longer supported by default; use enable-egd when configuring.

  Ben Kaduk and Rich Salz

• The distribution now has Makefile.in files, which are used to create Makefile's when Configure is run. Configure must be run before trying to build now.

  Rich Salz

• The return value for SSL_CIPHER_description() for error conditions has changed.

  Rich Salz

• Support for RFC6698/RFC7671 DANE TLSA peer authentication.

  Obtaining and performing DNSSEC validation of TLSA records is the application's responsibility. The application provides the TLSA records of its choice to OpenSSL, and these are then used to authenticate the peer.

  The TLSA records need not even come from DNS. They can, for example, be used to implement local end-entity certificate or trust-anchor "pinning", where the "pin" data takes the form of TLSA records, which can augment or replace verification based on the usual WebPKI public certification authorities.

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Revert default OPENSSL_NO_DEPRECATED setting. Instead OpenSSL continues to support deprecated interfaces in default builds. However, applications are strongly advised to compile their source files with -DOPENSSL_API_COMPAT=0x10100000L, which hides the declarations of all interfaces deprecated in 0.9.8, 1.0.0 or the 1.1.0 releases.

  In environments in which all applications have been ported to not use any deprecated interfaces OpenSSL's Configure script should be used with the --api=1.1.0 option to entirely remove support for the deprecated features from the library and unconditionally disable them in the installed headers. Essentially the same effect can be achieved with the "no-deprecated" argument to Configure, except that this will always restrict the build to just the latest API, rather than a fixed API version.

  As applications are ported to future revisions of the API, they should update their compile-time OPENSSL_API_COMPAT define accordingly, but in most cases should be able to continue to compile with later releases.

  The OPENSSL_API_COMPAT versions for 1.0.0, and 0.9.8 are 0x10000000L and 0x00908000L, respectively. However those versions did not support the OPENSSL_API_COMPAT feature, and so applications are not typically tested for explicit support of just the undeprecated features of either release.

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Add support for setting the minimum and maximum supported protocol. It can bet set via the SSL_set_min_proto_version() and SSL_set_max_proto_version(), or via the SSL_CONF's MinProtocol and MaxProtocol. It's recommended to use the new APIs to disable protocols instead of disabling individual protocols using SSL_set_options() or SSL_CONF's Protocol. This change also removes support for disabling TLS 1.2 in the OpenSSL TLS client at compile time by defining OPENSSL_NO_TLS1_2_CLIENT.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Support for ChaCha20 and Poly1305 added to libcrypto and libssl.

  Andy Polyakov

• New EC_KEY_METHOD, this replaces the older ECDSA_METHOD and ECDH_METHOD and integrates ECDSA and ECDH functionality into EC. Implementations can now redirect key generation and no longer need to convert to or from ECDSA_SIG format.

  Note: the ecdsa.h and ecdh.h headers are now no longer needed and just include the ec.h header file instead.

  Steve Henson

• Remove support for all 40 and 56 bit ciphers. This includes all the export ciphers who are no longer supported and drops support the ephemeral RSA key exchange. The LOW ciphers currently doesn't have any ciphers in it.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Made EVP_MD_CTX, EVP_MD, EVP_CIPHER_CTX, EVP_CIPHER and HMAC_CTX opaque. For HMAC_CTX, the following constructors and destructors were added:

  HMAC_CTX *HMAC_CTX_new(void);
  void HMAC_CTX_free(HMAC_CTX *ctx);
  

  For EVP_MD and EVP_CIPHER, complete APIs to create, fill and destroy such methods has been added. See EVP_MD_meth_new(3) and EVP_CIPHER_meth_new(3) for documentation.

  Additional changes:

  1. EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(), EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup() and HMAC_CTX_cleanup() were removed. HMAC_CTX_reset() and EVP_MD_CTX_reset() should be called instead to reinitialise an already created structure.
  2. For consistency with the majority of our object creators and destructors, EVP_MD_CTX_(create|destroy) were renamed to EVP_MD_CTX_(new|free). The old names are retained as macros for deprecated builds.

  Richard Levitte

• Added ASYNC support. Libcrypto now includes the async sub-library to enable cryptographic operations to be performed asynchronously as long as an asynchronous capable engine is used. See the ASYNC_start_job() man page for further details. Libssl has also had this capability integrated with the introduction of the new mode SSL_MODE_ASYNC and associated error SSL_ERROR_WANT_ASYNC. See the SSL_CTX_set_mode() and SSL_get_error() man pages. This work was developed in partnership with Intel Corp.

  Matt Caswell

• SSL_{CTX_}set_ecdh_auto() has been removed and ECDH is support is always enabled now. If you want to disable the support you should exclude it using the list of supported ciphers. This also means that the "-no_ecdhe" option has been removed from s_server.

  Kurt Roeckx

• SSL_{CTX}set_tmp_ecdh() which can set 1 EC curve now internally calls SSL{CTX_}set1_curves() which can set a list.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Remove support for SSL_{CTX_}set_tmp_ecdh_callback(). You should set the curve you want to support using SSL_{CTX_}set1_curves().

  Kurt Roeckx

• State machine rewrite. The state machine code has been significantly refactored in order to remove much duplication of code and solve issues with the old code (see ssl/statem/README.md for further details). This change does have some associated API changes. Notably the SSL_state() function has been removed and replaced by SSL_get_state which now returns an "OSSL_HANDSHAKE_STATE" instead of an int. SSL_set_state() has been removed altogether. The previous handshake states defined in ssl.h and ssl3.h have also been removed.

  Matt Caswell

• All instances of the string "ssleay" in the public API were replaced with OpenSSL (case-matching; e.g., OPENSSL_VERSION for #define's) Some error codes related to internal RSA_eay API's were renamed.

  Rich Salz

• The demo files in crypto/threads were moved to demo/threads.

  Rich Salz

• Removed obsolete engines: 4758cca, aep, atalla, cswift, nuron, gmp, sureware and ubsec.

  Matt Caswell, Rich Salz

• New ASN.1 embed macro.

  New ASN.1 macro ASN1_EMBED. This is the same as ASN1_SIMPLE except the structure is not allocated: it is part of the parent. That is instead of

      FOO *x;
  

  it must be:

      FOO x;
  

  This reduces memory fragmentation and make it impossible to accidentally set a mandatory field to NULL.

  This currently only works for some fields specifically a SEQUENCE, CHOICE, or ASN1_STRING type which is part of a parent SEQUENCE. Since it is equivalent to ASN1_SIMPLE it cannot be tagged, OPTIONAL, SET OF or SEQUENCE OF.

  Steve Henson

• Remove EVP_CHECK_DES_KEY, a compile-time option that never compiled.

  Emilia Käsper

• Removed DES and RC4 ciphersuites from DEFAULT. Also removed RC2 although in 1.0.2 EXPORT was already removed and the only RC2 ciphersuite is also an EXPORT one. COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT has been updated accordingly to add DES and RC4 ciphersuites.

  Matt Caswell

• Rewrite EVP_DecodeUpdate (base64 decoding) to fix several bugs. This changes the decoding behaviour for some invalid messages, though the change is mostly in the more lenient direction, and legacy behaviour is preserved as much as possible.

  Emilia Käsper

• Fix no-stdio build. David Woodhouse David.Woodhouse@intel.com and also Ivan Nestlerode ivan.nestlerode@sonos.com

• New testing framework The testing framework has been largely rewritten and is now using perl and the perl modules Test::Harness and an extended variant of Test::More called OpenSSL::Test to do its work. All test scripts in test/ have been rewritten into test recipes, and all direct calls to executables in test/Makefile have become individual recipes using the simplified testing OpenSSL::Test::Simple.

  For documentation on our testing modules, do:

      perldoc test/testlib/OpenSSL/Test/Simple.pm
      perldoc test/testlib/OpenSSL/Test.pm
  

  Richard Levitte

• Revamped memory debug; only -DCRYPTO_MDEBUG and -DCRYPTO_MDEBUG_ABORT are used; the latter aborts on memory leaks (usually checked on exit). Some undocumented "set malloc, etc., hooks" functions were removed and others were changed. All are now documented.

  Rich Salz

• In DSA_generate_parameters_ex, if the provided seed is too short, return an error

  Rich Salz and Ismo Puustinen ismo.puustinen@intel.com

• Rewrite PSK to support ECDHE_PSK, DHE_PSK and RSA_PSK. Add ciphersuites from RFC4279, RFC4785, RFC5487, RFC5489.

  Thanks to Christian J. Dietrich and Giuseppe D'Angelo for the original RSA_PSK patch.

  Steve Henson

• Dropped support for the SSL3_FLAGS_DELAY_CLIENT_FINISHED flag. This SSLeay era flag was never set throughout the codebase (only read). Also removed SSL3_FLAGS_POP_BUFFER which was only used if SSL3_FLAGS_DELAY_CLIENT_FINISHED was also set.

  Matt Caswell

• Changed the default name options in the "ca", "crl", "req" and "x509" to be "oneline" instead of "compat".

  Richard Levitte

• Remove SSL_OP_TLS_BLOCK_PADDING_BUG. This is SSLeay legacy, we're not aware of clients that still exhibit this bug, and the workaround hasn't been working properly for a while.

  Emilia Käsper

• The return type of BIO_number_read() and BIO_number_written() as well as the corresponding num_read and num_write members in the BIO structure has changed from unsigned long to uint64_t. On platforms where an unsigned long is 32 bits (e.g. Windows) these counters could overflow if >4Gb is transferred.

  Matt Caswell

• Given the pervasive nature of TLS extensions it is inadvisable to run OpenSSL without support for them. It also means that maintaining the OPENSSL_NO_TLSEXT option within the code is very invasive (and probably not well tested). Therefore, the OPENSSL_NO_TLSEXT option has been removed.

  Matt Caswell

• Removed support for the two export grade static DH ciphersuites EXP-DH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA and EXP-DH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA. These two ciphersuites were newly added (along with a number of other static DH ciphersuites) to 1.0.2. However the two export ones have never worked since they were introduced. It seems strange in any case to be adding new export ciphersuites, and given "logjam" it also does not seem correct to fix them.

  Matt Caswell

• Version negotiation has been rewritten. In particular SSLv23_method(), SSLv23_client_method() and SSLv23_server_method() have been deprecated, and turned into macros which simply call the new preferred function names TLS_method(), TLS_client_method() and TLS_server_method(). All new code should use the new names instead. Also as part of this change the ssl23.h header file has been removed.

  Matt Caswell

• Support for Kerberos ciphersuites in TLS (RFC2712) has been removed. This code and the associated standard is no longer considered fit-for-purpose.

  Matt Caswell

• RT2547 was closed. When generating a private key, try to make the output file readable only by the owner. This behavior change might be noticeable when interacting with other software.

• Documented all exdata functions. Added CRYPTO_free_ex_index. Added a test.

  Rich Salz

• Added HTTP GET support to the ocsp command.

  Rich Salz

• Changed default digest for the dgst and enc commands from MD5 to sha256

  Rich Salz

• RAND_pseudo_bytes has been deprecated. Users should use RAND_bytes instead.

  Matt Caswell

• Added support for TLS extended master secret from draft-ietf-tls-session-hash-03.txt. Thanks for Alfredo Pironti for an initial patch which was a great help during development.

  Steve Henson

• All libssl internal structures have been removed from the public header files, and the OPENSSL_NO_SSL_INTERN option has been removed (since it is now redundant). Users should not attempt to access internal structures directly. Instead they should use the provided API functions.

  Matt Caswell

• config has been changed so that by default OPENSSL_NO_DEPRECATED is used. Access to deprecated functions can be re-enabled by running config with "enable-deprecated". In addition applications wishing to use deprecated functions must define OPENSSL_USE_DEPRECATED. Note that this new behaviour will, by default, disable some transitive includes that previously existed in the header files (e.g. ec.h will no longer, by default, include bn.h)

  Matt Caswell

• Added support for OCB mode. OpenSSL has been granted a patent license compatible with the OpenSSL license for use of OCB. Details are available at https://www.openssl.org/source/OCB-patent-grant-OpenSSL.pdf. Support for OCB can be removed by calling config with no-ocb.

  Matt Caswell

• SSLv2 support has been removed. It still supports receiving an SSLv2 compatible client hello.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Increased the minimal RSA keysize from 256 to 512 bits [Rich Salz], done while fixing the error code for the key-too-small case.

  Annie Yousar a.yousar@informatik.hu-berlin.de

• CA.sh has been removed; use CA.pl instead.

  Rich Salz

• Removed old DES API.

  Rich Salz

• Remove various unsupported platforms: Sony NEWS4 BEOS and BEOS_R5 NeXT SUNOS MPE/iX Sinix/ReliantUNIX RM400 DGUX NCR Tandem Cray 16-bit platforms such as WIN16

  Rich Salz

• Clean up OPENSSL_NO_xxx #define's

  • Use setbuf() and remove OPENSSL_NO_SETVBUF_IONBF
  • Rename OPENSSL_SYSNAME_xxx to OPENSSL_SYS_xxx
  • OPENSSL_NO_EC{DH,DSA} merged into OPENSSL_NO_EC
  • OPENSSL_NO_RIPEMD160, OPENSSL_NO_RIPEMD merged into OPENSSL_NO_RMD160
  • OPENSSL_NO_FP_API merged into OPENSSL_NO_STDIO
  • Remove OPENSSL_NO_BIO OPENSSL_NO_BUFFER OPENSSL_NO_CHAIN_VERIFY OPENSSL_NO_EVP OPENSSL_NO_FIPS_ERR OPENSSL_NO_HASH_COMP OPENSSL_NO_LHASH OPENSSL_NO_OBJECT OPENSSL_NO_SPEED OPENSSL_NO_STACK OPENSSL_NO_X509 OPENSSL_NO_X509_VERIFY
  • Remove MS_STATIC; it's a relic from platforms <32 bits.

  Rich Salz

• Cleaned up dead code Remove all but one '#ifdef undef' which is to be looked at.

  Rich Salz

• Clean up calling of xxx_free routines. Just like free(), fix most of the xxx_free routines to accept NULL. Remove the non-null checks from callers. Save much code.

  Rich Salz

• Add secure heap for storage of private keys (when possible). Add BIO_s_secmem(), CBIGNUM, etc. Contributed by Akamai Technologies under our Corporate CLA.

  Rich Salz

• Experimental support for a new, fast, unbiased prime candidate generator, bn_probable_prime_dh_coprime(). Not currently used by any prime generator.

  Felix Laurie von Massenbach felix@erbridge.co.uk

• New output format NSS in the sess_id command line tool. This allows exporting the session id and the master key in NSS keylog format.

  Martin Kaiser martin@kaiser.cx

• Harmonize version and its documentation. -f flag is used to display compilation flags.

  mancha mancha1@zoho.com

• Fix eckey_priv_encode so it immediately returns an error upon a failure in i2d_ECPrivateKey. Thanks to Ted Unangst for feedback on this issue.

  mancha mancha1@zoho.com

• Fix some double frees. These are not thought to be exploitable.

  mancha mancha1@zoho.com

• A missing bounds check in the handling of the TLS heartbeat extension can be used to reveal up to 64k of memory to a connected client or server.

  Thanks for Neel Mehta of Google Security for discovering this bug and to Adam Langley agl@chromium.org and Bodo Moeller bmoeller@acm.org for preparing the fix (CVE-2014-0160)

  Adam Langley, Bodo Moeller

• Fix for the attack described in the paper "Recovering OpenSSL ECDSA Nonces Using the FLUSH+RELOAD Cache Side-channel Attack" by Yuval Yarom and Naomi Benger. Details can be obtained from: http://eprint.iacr.org/2014/140

  Thanks to Yuval Yarom and Naomi Benger for discovering this flaw and to Yuval Yarom for supplying a fix (CVE-2014-0076)

  Yuval Yarom and Naomi Benger

• Use algorithm specific chains in SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file(): this fixes a limitation in previous versions of OpenSSL.

  Steve Henson

• Experimental encrypt-then-mac support.

  Experimental support for encrypt then mac from draft-gutmann-tls-encrypt-then-mac-02.txt

  To enable it set the appropriate extension number (0x42 for the test server) using e.g. -DTLSEXT_TYPE_encrypt_then_mac=0x42

  For non-compliant peers (i.e. just about everything) this should have no effect.

  WARNING: EXPERIMENTAL, SUBJECT TO CHANGE.

  Steve Henson

• Add EVP support for key wrapping algorithms, to avoid problems with existing code the flag EVP_CIPHER_CTX_WRAP_ALLOW has to be set in the EVP_CIPHER_CTX or an error is returned. Add AES and DES3 wrap algorithms and include tests cases.

  Steve Henson

• Extend CMS code to support RSA-PSS signatures and RSA-OAEP for enveloped data.

  Steve Henson

• Extended RSA OAEP support via EVP_PKEY API. Options to specify digest, MGF1 digest and OAEP label.

  Steve Henson

• Make openssl verify return errors.

  Chris Palmer palmer@google.com and Ben Laurie

• New function ASN1_TIME_diff to calculate the difference between two ASN1_TIME structures or one structure and the current time.

  Steve Henson

• Update fips_test_suite to support multiple command line options. New test to induce all self test errors in sequence and check expected failures.

  Steve Henson

• Add FIPS_{rsa,dsa,ecdsa}_{sign,verify} functions which digest and sign or verify all in one operation.

  Steve Henson

• Add fips_algvs: a multicall fips utility incorporating all the algorithm test programs and fips_test_suite. Includes functionality to parse the minimal script output of fipsalgest.pl directly.

  Steve Henson

• Add authorisation parameter to FIPS_module_mode_set().

  Steve Henson

• Add FIPS selftest for ECDH algorithm using P-224 and B-233 curves.

  Steve Henson

• Use separate DRBG fields for internal and external flags. New function FIPS_drbg_health_check() to perform on demand health checking. Add generation tests to fips_test_suite with reduced health check interval to demonstrate periodic health checking. Add "nodh" option to fips_test_suite to skip very slow DH test.

  Steve Henson

• New function FIPS_get_cipherbynid() to lookup FIPS supported ciphers based on NID.

  Steve Henson

• More extensive health check for DRBG checking many more failure modes. New function FIPS_selftest_drbg_all() to handle every possible DRBG combination: call this in fips_test_suite.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for canonical generation of DSA parameter 'g'. See FIPS 186-3 A.2.3.

• Add support for HMAC DRBG from SP800-90. Update DRBG algorithm test and POST to handle HMAC cases.

  Steve Henson

• Add functions FIPS_module_version() and FIPS_module_version_text() to return numerical and string versions of the FIPS module number.

  Steve Henson

• Rename FIPS_mode_set and FIPS_mode to FIPS_module_mode_set and FIPS_module_mode. FIPS_mode and FIPS_mode_set will be implemented outside the validated module in the FIPS capable OpenSSL.

  Steve Henson

• Minor change to DRBG entropy callback semantics. In some cases there is no multiple of the block length between min_len and max_len. Allow the callback to return more than max_len bytes of entropy but discard any extra: it is the callback's responsibility to ensure that the extra data discarded does not impact the requested amount of entropy.

  Steve Henson

• Add PRNG security strength checks to RSA, DSA and ECDSA using information in FIPS186-3, SP800-57 and SP800-131A.

  Steve Henson

• CCM support via EVP. Interface is very similar to GCM case except we must supply all data in one chunk (i.e. no update, final) and the message length must be supplied if AAD is used. Add algorithm test support.

  Steve Henson

• Initial version of POST overhaul. Add POST callback to allow the status of POST to be monitored and/or failures induced. Modify fips_test_suite to use callback. Always run all selftests even if one fails.

  Steve Henson

• XTS support including algorithm test driver in the fips_gcmtest program. Note: this does increase the maximum key length from 32 to 64 bytes but there should be no binary compatibility issues as existing applications will never use XTS mode.

  Steve Henson

• Extensive reorganisation of FIPS PRNG behaviour. Remove all dependencies to OpenSSL RAND code and replace with a tiny FIPS RAND API which also performs algorithm blocking for unapproved PRNG types. Also do not set PRNG type in FIPS_mode_set(): leave this to the application. Add default OpenSSL DRBG handling: sets up FIPS PRNG and seeds with the standard OpenSSL PRNG: set additional data to a date time vector.

  Steve Henson

• Rename old X9.31 PRNG functions of the form FIPS_rand* to FIPS_x931*. This shouldn't present any incompatibility problems because applications shouldn't be using these directly and any that are will need to rethink anyway as the X9.31 PRNG is now deprecated by FIPS 140-2

  Steve Henson

• Extensive self tests and health checking required by SP800-90 DRBG. Remove strength parameter from FIPS_drbg_instantiate and always instantiate at maximum supported strength.

  Steve Henson

• Add ECDH code to fips module and fips_ecdhvs for primitives only testing.

  Steve Henson

• New algorithm test program fips_dhvs to handle DH primitives only testing.

  Steve Henson

• New function DH_compute_key_padded() to compute a DH key and pad with leading zeroes if needed: this complies with SP800-56A et al.

  Steve Henson

• Initial implementation of SP800-90 DRBGs for Hash and CTR. Not used by anything, incomplete, subject to change and largely untested at present.

  Steve Henson

• Modify fipscanisteronly build option to only build the necessary object files by filtering FIPS_EX_OBJ through a perl script in crypto/Makefile.

  Steve Henson

• Add experimental option FIPSSYMS to give all symbols in fipscanister.o and FIPS or fips prefix. This will avoid conflicts with future versions of OpenSSL. Add perl script util/fipsas.pl to preprocess assembly language source files and rename any affected symbols.

  Steve Henson

• Add selftest checks and algorithm block of non-fips algorithms in FIPS mode. Remove DES2 from selftests.

  Steve Henson

• Add ECDSA code to fips module. Add tiny fips_ecdsa_check to just return internal method without any ENGINE dependencies. Add new tiny fips sign and verify functions.

  Steve Henson

• New build option no-ec2m to disable characteristic 2 code.

  Steve Henson

• New build option "fipscanisteronly". This only builds fipscanister.o and (currently) associated fips utilities. Uses the file Makefile.fips instead of Makefile.org as the prototype.

  Steve Henson

• Add some FIPS mode restrictions to GCM. Add internal IV generator. Update fips_gcmtest to use IV generator.

  Steve Henson

• Initial, experimental EVP support for AES-GCM. AAD can be input by setting output buffer to NULL. The *Final function must be called although it will not retrieve any additional data. The tag can be set or retrieved with a ctrl. The IV length is by default 12 bytes (96 bits) but can be set to an alternative value. If the IV length exceeds the maximum IV length (currently 16 bytes) it cannot be set before the key.

  Steve Henson

• New flag in ciphers: EVP_CIPH_FLAG_CUSTOM_CIPHER. This means the underlying do_cipher function handles all cipher semantics itself including padding and finalisation. This is useful if (for example) an ENGINE cipher handles block padding itself. The behaviour of do_cipher is subtly changed if this flag is set: the return value is the number of characters written to the output buffer (zero is no longer an error code) or a negative error code. Also if the input buffer is NULL and length 0 finalisation should be performed.

  Steve Henson

• If a candidate issuer certificate is already part of the constructed path ignore it: new debug notification X509_V_ERR_PATH_LOOP for this case.

  Steve Henson

• Improve forward-security support: add functions

      void SSL_CTX_set_not_resumable_session_callback(
               SSL_CTX *ctx, int (*cb)(SSL *ssl, int is_forward_secure))
      void SSL_set_not_resumable_session_callback(
               SSL *ssl, int (*cb)(SSL *ssl, int is_forward_secure))
  

  for use by SSL/TLS servers; the callback function will be called whenever a new session is created, and gets to decide whether the session may be cached to make it resumable (return 0) or not (return 1). (As by the SSL/TLS protocol specifications, the session_id sent by the server will be empty to indicate that the session is not resumable; also, the server will not generate RFC 4507 (RFC 5077) session tickets.)

  A simple reasonable callback implementation is to return is_forward_secure. This parameter will be set to 1 or 0 depending on the ciphersuite selected by the SSL/TLS server library, indicating whether it can provide forward security.

  Emilia Käsper emilia.kasper@esat.kuleuven.be (Google)

• New -verify_name option in command line utilities to set verification parameters by name.

  Steve Henson

• Initial CMAC implementation. WARNING: EXPERIMENTAL, API MAY CHANGE. Add CMAC pkey methods.

  Steve Henson

• Experimental renegotiation in s_server -www mode. If the client browses /reneg connection is renegotiated. If /renegcert it is renegotiated requesting a certificate.

  Steve Henson

• Add an "external" session cache for debugging purposes to s_server. This should help trace issues which normally are only apparent in deployed multi-process servers.

  Steve Henson

• Extensive audit of libcrypto with DEBUG_UNUSED. Fix many cases where return value is ignored. NB. The functions RAND_add(), RAND_seed(), BIO_set_cipher() and some obscure PEM functions were changed so they can now return an error. The RAND changes required a change to the RAND_METHOD structure.

  Steve Henson

• New macro __owur for "OpenSSL Warn Unused Result". This makes use of a gcc attribute to warn if the result of a function is ignored. This is enable if DEBUG_UNUSED is set. Add to several functions in evp.h whose return value is often ignored.

  Steve Henson

• New -noct, -requestct, -requirect and -ctlogfile options for s_client. These allow SCTs (signed certificate timestamps) to be requested and validated when establishing a connection.

  Rob Percival robpercival@google.com

OpenSSL 1.0.2

Changes between 1.0.2s and 1.0.2t [10 Sep 2019]

• For built-in EC curves, ensure an EC_GROUP built from the curve name is used even when parsing explicit parameters, when loading a encoded key or calling EC_GROUP_new_from_ecpkparameters()/ EC_GROUP_new_from_ecparameters(). This prevents bypass of security hardening and performance gains, especially for curves with specialized EC_METHODs. By default, if a key encoded with explicit parameters is loaded and later encoded, the output is still encoded with explicit parameters, even if internally a "named" EC_GROUP is used for computation.

  Nicola Tuveri

• Compute ECC cofactors if not provided during EC_GROUP construction. Before this change, EC_GROUP_set_generator would accept order and/or cofactor as NULL. After this change, only the cofactor parameter can be NULL. It also does some minimal sanity checks on the passed order. (CVE-2019-1547)

  Billy Bob Brumley

• Fixed a padding oracle in PKCS7_dataDecode and CMS_decrypt_set1_pkey. An attack is simple, if the first CMS_recipientInfo is valid but the second CMS_recipientInfo is chosen ciphertext. If the second recipientInfo decodes to PKCS #1 v1.5 form plaintext, the correct encryption key will be replaced by garbage, and the message cannot be decoded, but if the RSA decryption fails, the correct encryption key is used and the recipient will not notice the attack. As a work around for this potential attack the length of the decrypted key must be equal to the cipher default key length, in case the certificate is not given and all recipientInfo are tried out. The old behaviour can be re-enabled in the CMS code by setting the CMS_DEBUG_DECRYPT flag. (CVE-2019-1563)

  Bernd Edlinger

• Document issue with installation paths in diverse Windows builds

  '/usr/local/ssl' is an unsafe prefix for location to install OpenSSL binaries and run-time config file. (CVE-2019-1552)

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 1.0.2r and 1.0.2s [28 May 2019]

• Change the default RSA, DSA and DH size to 2048 bit instead of 1024. This changes the size when using the genpkey command when no size is given. It fixes an omission in earlier changes that changed all RSA, DSA and DH generation commands to use 2048 bits by default.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Add FIPS support for Android Arm 64-bit

  Support for Android Arm 64-bit was added to the OpenSSL FIPS Object Module in Version 2.0.10. For some reason, the corresponding target 'android64-aarch64' was missing OpenSSL 1.0.2, whence it could not be built with FIPS support on Android Arm 64-bit. This omission has been fixed.

  Matthias St. Pierre

Changes between 1.0.2q and 1.0.2r [26 Feb 2019]

• 0-byte record padding oracle

  If an application encounters a fatal protocol error and then calls SSL_shutdown() twice (once to send a close_notify, and once to receive one) then OpenSSL can respond differently to the calling application if a 0 byte record is received with invalid padding compared to if a 0 byte record is received with an invalid MAC. If the application then behaves differently based on that in a way that is detectable to the remote peer, then this amounts to a padding oracle that could be used to decrypt data.

  In order for this to be exploitable "non-stitched" ciphersuites must be in use. Stitched ciphersuites are optimised implementations of certain commonly used ciphersuites. Also the application must call SSL_shutdown() twice even if a protocol error has occurred (applications should not do this but some do anyway).

  This issue was discovered by Juraj Somorovsky, Robert Merget and Nimrod Aviram, with additional investigation by Steven Collison and Andrew Hourselt. It was reported to OpenSSL on 10th December 2018. (CVE-2019-1559)

  Matt Caswell

• Move strictness check from EVP_PKEY_asn1_new() to EVP_PKEY_asn1_add0().

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 1.0.2p and 1.0.2q [20 Nov 2018]

• Microarchitecture timing vulnerability in ECC scalar multiplication

  OpenSSL ECC scalar multiplication, used in e.g. ECDSA and ECDH, has been shown to be vulnerable to a microarchitecture timing side channel attack. An attacker with sufficient access to mount local timing attacks during ECDSA signature generation could recover the private key.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 26th October 2018 by Alejandro Cabrera Aldaya, Billy Brumley, Sohaib ul Hassan, Cesar Pereida Garcia and Nicola Tuveri. (CVE-2018-5407)

  Billy Brumley

• Timing vulnerability in DSA signature generation

  The OpenSSL DSA signature algorithm has been shown to be vulnerable to a timing side channel attack. An attacker could use variations in the signing algorithm to recover the private key.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 16th October 2018 by Samuel Weiser. (CVE-2018-0734)

  Paul Dale

• Resolve a compatibility issue in EC_GROUP handling with the FIPS Object Module, accidentally introduced while backporting security fixes from the development branch and hindering the use of ECC in FIPS mode.

  Nicola Tuveri

Changes between 1.0.2o and 1.0.2p [14 Aug 2018]

• Client DoS due to large DH parameter

  During key agreement in a TLS handshake using a DH(E) based ciphersuite a malicious server can send a very large prime value to the client. This will cause the client to spend an unreasonably long period of time generating a key for this prime resulting in a hang until the client has finished. This could be exploited in a Denial Of Service attack.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 5th June 2018 by Guido Vranken (CVE-2018-0732)

  Guido Vranken

• Cache timing vulnerability in RSA Key Generation

  The OpenSSL RSA Key generation algorithm has been shown to be vulnerable to a cache timing side channel attack. An attacker with sufficient access to mount cache timing attacks during the RSA key generation process could recover the private key.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 4th April 2018 by Alejandro Cabrera Aldaya, Billy Brumley, Cesar Pereida Garcia and Luis Manuel Alvarez Tapia. (CVE-2018-0737)

  Billy Brumley

• Make EVP_PKEY_asn1_new() a bit stricter about its input. A NULL pem_str parameter is no longer accepted, as it leads to a corrupt table. NULL pem_str is reserved for alias entries only.

  Richard Levitte

• Revert blinding in ECDSA sign and instead make problematic addition length-invariant. Switch even to fixed-length Montgomery multiplication.

  Andy Polyakov

• Change generating and checking of primes so that the error rate of not being prime depends on the intended use based on the size of the input. For larger primes this will result in more rounds of Miller-Rabin. The maximal error rate for primes with more than 1080 bits is lowered to 2^-128.

  Kurt Roeckx, Annie Yousar

• Increase the number of Miller-Rabin rounds for DSA key generating to 64.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Add blinding to ECDSA and DSA signatures to protect against side channel attacks discovered by Keegan Ryan (NCC Group).

  Matt Caswell

• When unlocking a pass phrase protected PEM file or PKCS#8 container, we now allow empty (zero character) pass phrases.

  Richard Levitte

• Certificate time validation (X509_cmp_time) enforces stricter compliance with RFC 5280. Fractional seconds and timezone offsets are no longer allowed.

  Emilia Käsper

Changes between 1.0.2n and 1.0.2o [27 Mar 2018]

• Constructed ASN.1 types with a recursive definition could exceed the stack

  Constructed ASN.1 types with a recursive definition (such as can be found in PKCS7) could eventually exceed the stack given malicious input with excessive recursion. This could result in a Denial Of Service attack. There are no such structures used within SSL/TLS that come from untrusted sources so this is considered safe.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 4th January 2018 by the OSS-fuzz project. (CVE-2018-0739)

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 1.0.2m and 1.0.2n [7 Dec 2017]

• Read/write after SSL object in error state

  OpenSSL 1.0.2 (starting from version 1.0.2b) introduced an "error state" mechanism. The intent was that if a fatal error occurred during a handshake then OpenSSL would move into the error state and would immediately fail if you attempted to continue the handshake. This works as designed for the explicit handshake functions (SSL_do_handshake(), SSL_accept() and SSL_connect()), however due to a bug it does not work correctly if SSL_read() or SSL_write() is called directly. In that scenario, if the handshake fails then a fatal error will be returned in the initial function call. If SSL_read()/SSL_write() is subsequently called by the application for the same SSL object then it will succeed and the data is passed without being decrypted/encrypted directly from the SSL/TLS record layer.

  In order to exploit this issue an application bug would have to be present that resulted in a call to SSL_read()/SSL_write() being issued after having already received a fatal error.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by David Benjamin (Google). (CVE-2017-3737)

  Matt Caswell

• rsaz_1024_mul_avx2 overflow bug on x86_64

  There is an overflow bug in the AVX2 Montgomery multiplication procedure used in exponentiation with 1024-bit moduli. No EC algorithms are affected. Analysis suggests that attacks against RSA and DSA as a result of this defect would be very difficult to perform and are not believed likely. Attacks against DH1024 are considered just feasible, because most of the work necessary to deduce information about a private key may be performed offline. The amount of resources required for such an attack would be significant. However, for an attack on TLS to be meaningful, the server would have to share the DH1024 private key among multiple clients, which is no longer an option since CVE-2016-0701.

  This only affects processors that support the AVX2 but not ADX extensions like Intel Haswell (4th generation).

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by David Benjamin (Google). The issue was originally found via the OSS-Fuzz project. (CVE-2017-3738)

  Andy Polyakov

Changes between 1.0.2l and 1.0.2m [2 Nov 2017]

• bn_sqrx8x_internal carry bug on x86_64

  There is a carry propagating bug in the x86_64 Montgomery squaring procedure. No EC algorithms are affected. Analysis suggests that attacks against RSA and DSA as a result of this defect would be very difficult to perform and are not believed likely. Attacks against DH are considered just feasible (although very difficult) because most of the work necessary to deduce information about a private key may be performed offline. The amount of resources required for such an attack would be very significant and likely only accessible to a limited number of attackers. An attacker would additionally need online access to an unpatched system using the target private key in a scenario with persistent DH parameters and a private key that is shared between multiple clients.

  This only affects processors that support the BMI1, BMI2 and ADX extensions like Intel Broadwell (5th generation) and later or AMD Ryzen.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by the OSS-Fuzz project. (CVE-2017-3736)

  Andy Polyakov

• Malformed X.509 IPAddressFamily could cause OOB read

  If an X.509 certificate has a malformed IPAddressFamily extension, OpenSSL could do a one-byte buffer overread. The most likely result would be an erroneous display of the certificate in text format.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by the OSS-Fuzz project.

  Rich Salz

Changes between 1.0.2k and 1.0.2l [25 May 2017]

• Have 'config' recognise 64-bit mingw and choose 'mingw64' as the target platform rather than 'mingw'.

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 1.0.2j and 1.0.2k [26 Jan 2017]

• Truncated packet could crash via OOB read

  If one side of an SSL/TLS path is running on a 32-bit host and a specific cipher is being used, then a truncated packet can cause that host to perform an out-of-bounds read, usually resulting in a crash.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Robert Święcki of Google. (CVE-2017-3731)

  Andy Polyakov

• BN_mod_exp may produce incorrect results on x86_64

  There is a carry propagating bug in the x86_64 Montgomery squaring procedure. No EC algorithms are affected. Analysis suggests that attacks against RSA and DSA as a result of this defect would be very difficult to perform and are not believed likely. Attacks against DH are considered just feasible (although very difficult) because most of the work necessary to deduce information about a private key may be performed offline. The amount of resources required for such an attack would be very significant and likely only accessible to a limited number of attackers. An attacker would additionally need online access to an unpatched system using the target private key in a scenario with persistent DH parameters and a private key that is shared between multiple clients. For example this can occur by default in OpenSSL DHE based SSL/TLS ciphersuites. Note: This issue is very similar to CVE-2015-3193 but must be treated as a separate problem.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by the OSS-Fuzz project. (CVE-2017-3732)

  Andy Polyakov

• Montgomery multiplication may produce incorrect results

  There is a carry propagating bug in the Broadwell-specific Montgomery multiplication procedure that handles input lengths divisible by, but longer than 256 bits. Analysis suggests that attacks against RSA, DSA and DH private keys are impossible. This is because the subroutine in question is not used in operations with the private key itself and an input of the attacker's direct choice. Otherwise the bug can manifest itself as transient authentication and key negotiation failures or reproducible erroneous outcome of public-key operations with specially crafted input. Among EC algorithms only Brainpool P-512 curves are affected and one presumably can attack ECDH key negotiation. Impact was not analyzed in detail, because pre-requisites for attack are considered unlikely. Namely multiple clients have to choose the curve in question and the server has to share the private key among them, neither of which is default behaviour. Even then only clients that chose the curve will be affected.

  This issue was publicly reported as transient failures and was not initially recognized as a security issue. Thanks to Richard Morgan for providing reproducible case. (CVE-2016-7055)

  Andy Polyakov

• OpenSSL now fails if it receives an unrecognised record type in TLS1.0 or TLS1.1. Previously this only happened in SSLv3 and TLS1.2. This is to prevent issues where no progress is being made and the peer continually sends unrecognised record types, using up resources processing them.

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 1.0.2i and 1.0.2j [26 Sep 2016]

• Missing CRL sanity check

  A bug fix which included a CRL sanity check was added to OpenSSL 1.1.0 but was omitted from OpenSSL 1.0.2i. As a result any attempt to use CRLs in OpenSSL 1.0.2i will crash with a null pointer exception.

  This issue only affects the OpenSSL 1.0.2i (CVE-2016-7052)

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 1.0.2h and 1.0.2i [22 Sep 2016]

• OCSP Status Request extension unbounded memory growth

  A malicious client can send an excessively large OCSP Status Request extension. If that client continually requests renegotiation, sending a large OCSP Status Request extension each time, then there will be unbounded memory growth on the server. This will eventually lead to a Denial Of Service attack through memory exhaustion. Servers with a default configuration are vulnerable even if they do not support OCSP. Builds using the "no-ocsp" build time option are not affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-6304)

  Matt Caswell

• In order to mitigate the SWEET32 attack, the DES ciphers were moved from HIGH to MEDIUM.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL Karthikeyan Bhargavan and Gaetan Leurent (INRIA) (CVE-2016-2183)

  Rich Salz

• OOB write in MDC2_Update()

  An overflow can occur in MDC2_Update() either if called directly or through the EVP_DigestUpdate() function using MDC2. If an attacker is able to supply very large amounts of input data after a previous call to EVP_EncryptUpdate() with a partial block then a length check can overflow resulting in a heap corruption.

  The amount of data needed is comparable to SIZE_MAX which is impractical on most platforms.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-6303)

  Stephen Henson

• Malformed SHA512 ticket DoS

  If a server uses SHA512 for TLS session ticket HMAC it is vulnerable to a DoS attack where a malformed ticket will result in an OOB read which will ultimately crash.

  The use of SHA512 in TLS session tickets is comparatively rare as it requires a custom server callback and ticket lookup mechanism.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-6302)

  Stephen Henson

• OOB write in BN_bn2dec()

  The function BN_bn2dec() does not check the return value of BN_div_word(). This can cause an OOB write if an application uses this function with an overly large BIGNUM. This could be a problem if an overly large certificate or CRL is printed out from an untrusted source. TLS is not affected because record limits will reject an oversized certificate before it is parsed.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-2182)

  Stephen Henson

• OOB read in TS_OBJ_print_bio()

  The function TS_OBJ_print_bio() misuses OBJ_obj2txt(): the return value is the total length the OID text representation would use and not the amount of data written. This will result in OOB reads when large OIDs are presented.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-2180)

  Stephen Henson

• Pointer arithmetic undefined behaviour

  Avoid some undefined pointer arithmetic

  A common idiom in the codebase is to check limits in the following manner: "p + len > limit"

  Where "p" points to some malloc'd data of SIZE bytes and limit == p + SIZE

  "len" here could be from some externally supplied data (e.g. from a TLS message).

  The rules of C pointer arithmetic are such that "p + len" is only well defined where len <= SIZE. Therefore the above idiom is actually undefined behaviour.

  For example this could cause problems if some malloc implementation provides an address for "p" such that "p + len" actually overflows for values of len that are too big and therefore p + len < limit.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Guido Vranken (CVE-2016-2177)

  Matt Caswell

• Constant time flag not preserved in DSA signing

  Operations in the DSA signing algorithm should run in constant time in order to avoid side channel attacks. A flaw in the OpenSSL DSA implementation means that a non-constant time codepath is followed for certain operations. This has been demonstrated through a cache-timing attack to be sufficient for an attacker to recover the private DSA key.

  This issue was reported by César Pereida (Aalto University), Billy Brumley (Tampere University of Technology), and Yuval Yarom (The University of Adelaide and NICTA). (CVE-2016-2178)

  César Pereida

• DTLS buffered message DoS

  In a DTLS connection where handshake messages are delivered out-of-order those messages that OpenSSL is not yet ready to process will be buffered for later use. Under certain circumstances, a flaw in the logic means that those messages do not get removed from the buffer even though the handshake has been completed. An attacker could force up to approx. 15 messages to remain in the buffer when they are no longer required. These messages will be cleared when the DTLS connection is closed. The default maximum size for a message is 100k. Therefore, the attacker could force an additional 1500k to be consumed per connection. By opening many simultaneous connections an attacker could cause a DoS attack through memory exhaustion.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Quan Luo. (CVE-2016-2179)

  Matt Caswell

• DTLS replay protection DoS

  A flaw in the DTLS replay attack protection mechanism means that records that arrive for future epochs update the replay protection "window" before the MAC for the record has been validated. This could be exploited by an attacker by sending a record for the next epoch (which does not have to decrypt or have a valid MAC), with a very large sequence number. This means that all subsequent legitimate packets are dropped causing a denial of service for a specific DTLS connection.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by the OCAP audit team. (CVE-2016-2181)

  Matt Caswell

• Certificate message OOB reads

  In OpenSSL 1.0.2 and earlier some missing message length checks can result in OOB reads of up to 2 bytes beyond an allocated buffer. There is a theoretical DoS risk but this has not been observed in practice on common platforms.

  The messages affected are client certificate, client certificate request and server certificate. As a result the attack can only be performed against a client or a server which enables client authentication.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-6306)

  Stephen Henson

Changes between 1.0.2g and 1.0.2h [3 May 2016]

• Prevent padding oracle in AES-NI CBC MAC check

  A MITM attacker can use a padding oracle attack to decrypt traffic when the connection uses an AES CBC cipher and the server support AES-NI.

  This issue was introduced as part of the fix for Lucky 13 padding attack (CVE-2013-0169). The padding check was rewritten to be in constant time by making sure that always the same bytes are read and compared against either the MAC or padding bytes. But it no longer checked that there was enough data to have both the MAC and padding bytes.

  This issue was reported by Juraj Somorovsky using TLS-Attacker.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Fix EVP_EncodeUpdate overflow

  An overflow can occur in the EVP_EncodeUpdate() function which is used for Base64 encoding of binary data. If an attacker is able to supply very large amounts of input data then a length check can overflow resulting in a heap corruption.

  Internally to OpenSSL the EVP_EncodeUpdate() function is primarily used by the PEM_write_bio* family of functions. These are mainly used within the OpenSSL command line applications, so any application which processes data from an untrusted source and outputs it as a PEM file should be considered vulnerable to this issue. User applications that call these APIs directly with large amounts of untrusted data may also be vulnerable.

  This issue was reported by Guido Vranken. (CVE-2016-2105)

  Matt Caswell

• Fix EVP_EncryptUpdate overflow

  An overflow can occur in the EVP_EncryptUpdate() function. If an attacker is able to supply very large amounts of input data after a previous call to EVP_EncryptUpdate() with a partial block then a length check can overflow resulting in a heap corruption. Following an analysis of all OpenSSL internal usage of the EVP_EncryptUpdate() function all usage is one of two forms. The first form is where the EVP_EncryptUpdate() call is known to be the first called function after an EVP_EncryptInit(), and therefore that specific call must be safe. The second form is where the length passed to EVP_EncryptUpdate() can be seen from the code to be some small value and therefore there is no possibility of an overflow. Since all instances are one of these two forms, it is believed that there can be no overflows in internal code due to this problem. It should be noted that EVP_DecryptUpdate() can call EVP_EncryptUpdate() in certain code paths. Also EVP_CipherUpdate() is a synonym for EVP_EncryptUpdate(). All instances of these calls have also been analysed too and it is believed there are no instances in internal usage where an overflow could occur.

  This issue was reported by Guido Vranken. (CVE-2016-2106)

  Matt Caswell

• Prevent ASN.1 BIO excessive memory allocation

  When ASN.1 data is read from a BIO using functions such as d2i_CMS_bio() a short invalid encoding can cause allocation of large amounts of memory potentially consuming excessive resources or exhausting memory.

  Any application parsing untrusted data through d2i BIO functions is affected. The memory based functions such as d2i_X509() are not affected. Since the memory based functions are used by the TLS library, TLS applications are not affected.

  This issue was reported by Brian Carpenter. (CVE-2016-2109)

  Stephen Henson

• EBCDIC overread

  ASN1 Strings that are over 1024 bytes can cause an overread in applications using the X509_NAME_oneline() function on EBCDIC systems. This could result in arbitrary stack data being returned in the buffer.

  This issue was reported by Guido Vranken. (CVE-2016-2176)

  Matt Caswell

• Modify behavior of ALPN to invoke callback after SNI/servername callback, such that updates to the SSL_CTX affect ALPN.

  Todd Short

• Remove LOW from the DEFAULT cipher list. This removes singles DES from the default.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Only remove the SSLv2 methods with the no-ssl2-method option. When the methods are enabled and ssl2 is disabled the methods return NULL.

  Kurt Roeckx

Changes between 1.0.2f and 1.0.2g [1 Mar 2016]

• Disable weak ciphers in SSLv3 and up in default builds of OpenSSL. Builds that are not configured with "enable-weak-ssl-ciphers" will not provide any "EXPORT" or "LOW" strength ciphers.

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Disable SSLv2 default build, default negotiation and weak ciphers. SSLv2 is by default disabled at build-time. Builds that are not configured with "enable-ssl2" will not support SSLv2. Even if "enable-ssl2" is used, users who want to negotiate SSLv2 via the version-flexible SSLv23_method() will need to explicitly call either of:

  SSL_CTX_clear_options(ctx, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2);
  

  or SSL_clear_options(ssl, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2);

  as appropriate. Even if either of those is used, or the application explicitly uses the version-specific SSLv2_method() or its client and server variants, SSLv2 ciphers vulnerable to exhaustive search key recovery have been removed. Specifically, the SSLv2 40-bit EXPORT ciphers, and SSLv2 56-bit DES are no longer available. (CVE-2016-0800)

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Fix a double-free in DSA code

  A double free bug was discovered when OpenSSL parses malformed DSA private keys and could lead to a DoS attack or memory corruption for applications that receive DSA private keys from untrusted sources. This scenario is considered rare.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Adam Langley(Google/BoringSSL) using libFuzzer. (CVE-2016-0705)

  Stephen Henson

• Disable SRP fake user seed to address a server memory leak.

  Add a new method SRP_VBASE_get1_by_user that handles the seed properly.

  SRP_VBASE_get_by_user had inconsistent memory management behaviour. In order to fix an unavoidable memory leak, SRP_VBASE_get_by_user was changed to ignore the "fake user" SRP seed, even if the seed is configured.

  Users should use SRP_VBASE_get1_by_user instead. Note that in SRP_VBASE_get1_by_user, caller must free the returned value. Note also that even though configuring the SRP seed attempts to hide invalid usernames by continuing the handshake with fake credentials, this behaviour is not constant time and no strong guarantees are made that the handshake is indistinguishable from that of a valid user. (CVE-2016-0798)

  Emilia Käsper

• Fix BN_hex2bn/BN_dec2bn NULL pointer deref/heap corruption

  In the BN_hex2bn function the number of hex digits is calculated using an int value i. Later bn_expand is called with a value of i * 4. For large values of i this can result in bn_expand not allocating any memory because i * 4 is negative. This can leave the internal BIGNUM data field as NULL leading to a subsequent NULL ptr deref. For very large values of i, the calculation i * 4 could be a positive value smaller than i. In this case memory is allocated to the internal BIGNUM data field, but it is insufficiently sized leading to heap corruption. A similar issue exists in BN_dec2bn. This could have security consequences if BN_hex2bn/BN_dec2bn is ever called by user applications with very large untrusted hex/dec data. This is anticipated to be a rare occurrence.

  All OpenSSL internal usage of these functions use data that is not expected to be untrusted, e.g. config file data or application command line arguments. If user developed applications generate config file data based on untrusted data then it is possible that this could also lead to security consequences. This is also anticipated to be rare.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Guido Vranken. (CVE-2016-0797)

  Matt Caswell

• Fix memory issues in BIO_*printf functions

  The internal fmtstr function used in processing a "%s" format string in the BIO_*printf functions could overflow while calculating the length of a string and cause an OOB read when printing very long strings.

  Additionally the internal doapr_outch function can attempt to write to an OOB memory location (at an offset from the NULL pointer) in the event of a memory allocation failure. In 1.0.2 and below this could be caused where the size of a buffer to be allocated is greater than INT_MAX. E.g. this could be in processing a very long "%s" format string. Memory leaks can also occur.

  The first issue may mask the second issue dependent on compiler behaviour. These problems could enable attacks where large amounts of untrusted data is passed to the BIO_*printf functions. If applications use these functions in this way then they could be vulnerable. OpenSSL itself uses these functions when printing out human-readable dumps of ASN.1 data. Therefore applications that print this data could be vulnerable if the data is from untrusted sources. OpenSSL command line applications could also be vulnerable where they print out ASN.1 data, or if untrusted data is passed as command line arguments.

  Libssl is not considered directly vulnerable. Additionally certificates etc received via remote connections via libssl are also unlikely to be able to trigger these issues because of message size limits enforced within libssl.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL Guido Vranken. (CVE-2016-0799)

  Matt Caswell

• Side channel attack on modular exponentiation

  A side-channel attack was found which makes use of cache-bank conflicts on the Intel Sandy-Bridge microarchitecture which could lead to the recovery of RSA keys. The ability to exploit this issue is limited as it relies on an attacker who has control of code in a thread running on the same hyper-threaded core as the victim thread which is performing decryptions.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Yuval Yarom, The University of Adelaide and NICTA, Daniel Genkin, Technion and Tel Aviv University, and Nadia Heninger, University of Pennsylvania with more information at http://cachebleed.info. (CVE-2016-0702)

  Andy Polyakov

• Change the req command to generate a 2048-bit RSA/DSA key by default, if no keysize is specified with default_bits. This fixes an omission in an earlier change that changed all RSA/DSA key generation commands to use 2048 bits by default.

  Emilia Käsper

Changes between 1.0.2e and 1.0.2f [28 Jan 2016]

• DH small subgroups

  Historically OpenSSL only ever generated DH parameters based on "safe" primes. More recently (in version 1.0.2) support was provided for generating X9.42 style parameter files such as those required for RFC 5114 support. The primes used in such files may not be "safe". Where an application is using DH configured with parameters based on primes that are not "safe" then an attacker could use this fact to find a peer's private DH exponent. This attack requires that the attacker complete multiple handshakes in which the peer uses the same private DH exponent. For example this could be used to discover a TLS server's private DH exponent if it's reusing the private DH exponent or it's using a static DH ciphersuite.

  OpenSSL provides the option SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE for ephemeral DH (DHE) in TLS. It is not on by default. If the option is not set then the server reuses the same private DH exponent for the life of the server process and would be vulnerable to this attack. It is believed that many popular applications do set this option and would therefore not be at risk.

  The fix for this issue adds an additional check where a "q" parameter is available (as is the case in X9.42 based parameters). This detects the only known attack, and is the only possible defense for static DH ciphersuites. This could have some performance impact.

  Additionally the SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE option has been switched on by default and cannot be disabled. This could have some performance impact.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Antonio Sanso (Adobe). (CVE-2016-0701)

  Matt Caswell

• SSLv2 doesn't block disabled ciphers

  A malicious client can negotiate SSLv2 ciphers that have been disabled on the server and complete SSLv2 handshakes even if all SSLv2 ciphers have been disabled, provided that the SSLv2 protocol was not also disabled via SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 26th December 2015 by Nimrod Aviram and Sebastian Schinzel. (CVE-2015-3197)

  Viktor Dukhovni

Changes between 1.0.2d and 1.0.2e [3 Dec 2015]

• BN_mod_exp may produce incorrect results on x86_64

  There is a carry propagating bug in the x86_64 Montgomery squaring procedure. No EC algorithms are affected. Analysis suggests that attacks against RSA and DSA as a result of this defect would be very difficult to perform and are not believed likely. Attacks against DH are considered just feasible (although very difficult) because most of the work necessary to deduce information about a private key may be performed offline. The amount of resources required for such an attack would be very significant and likely only accessible to a limited number of attackers. An attacker would additionally need online access to an unpatched system using the target private key in a scenario with persistent DH parameters and a private key that is shared between multiple clients. For example this can occur by default in OpenSSL DHE based SSL/TLS ciphersuites.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Hanno Böck. (CVE-2015-3193)

  Andy Polyakov

• Certificate verify crash with missing PSS parameter

  The signature verification routines will crash with a NULL pointer dereference if presented with an ASN.1 signature using the RSA PSS algorithm and absent mask generation function parameter. Since these routines are used to verify certificate signature algorithms this can be used to crash any certificate verification operation and exploited in a DoS attack. Any application which performs certificate verification is vulnerable including OpenSSL clients and servers which enable client authentication.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Loïc Jonas Etienne (Qnective AG). (CVE-2015-3194)

  Stephen Henson

• X509_ATTRIBUTE memory leak

  When presented with a malformed X509_ATTRIBUTE structure OpenSSL will leak memory. This structure is used by the PKCS#7 and CMS routines so any application which reads PKCS#7 or CMS data from untrusted sources is affected. SSL/TLS is not affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Adam Langley (Google/BoringSSL) using libFuzzer. (CVE-2015-3195)

  Stephen Henson

• Rewrite EVP_DecodeUpdate (base64 decoding) to fix several bugs. This changes the decoding behaviour for some invalid messages, though the change is mostly in the more lenient direction, and legacy behaviour is preserved as much as possible.

  Emilia Käsper

• In DSA_generate_parameters_ex, if the provided seed is too short, return an error

  Rich Salz and Ismo Puustinen ismo.puustinen@intel.com

Changes between 1.0.2c and 1.0.2d [9 Jul 2015]

• Alternate chains certificate forgery

  During certificate verification, OpenSSL will attempt to find an alternative certificate chain if the first attempt to build such a chain fails. An error in the implementation of this logic can mean that an attacker could cause certain checks on untrusted certificates to be bypassed, such as the CA flag, enabling them to use a valid leaf certificate to act as a CA and "issue" an invalid certificate.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Adam Langley/David Benjamin (Google/BoringSSL).

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 1.0.2b and 1.0.2c [12 Jun 2015]

• Fix HMAC ABI incompatibility. The previous version introduced an ABI incompatibility in the handling of HMAC. The previous ABI has now been restored.

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 1.0.2a and 1.0.2b [11 Jun 2015]

• Malformed ECParameters causes infinite loop

  When processing an ECParameters structure OpenSSL enters an infinite loop if the curve specified is over a specially malformed binary polynomial field.

  This can be used to perform denial of service against any system which processes public keys, certificate requests or certificates. This includes TLS clients and TLS servers with client authentication enabled.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Joseph Barr-Pixton. (CVE-2015-1788)

  Andy Polyakov

• Exploitable out-of-bounds read in X509_cmp_time

  X509_cmp_time does not properly check the length of the ASN1_TIME string and can read a few bytes out of bounds. In addition, X509_cmp_time accepts an arbitrary number of fractional seconds in the time string.

  An attacker can use this to craft malformed certificates and CRLs of various sizes and potentially cause a segmentation fault, resulting in a DoS on applications that verify certificates or CRLs. TLS clients that verify CRLs are affected. TLS clients and servers with client authentication enabled may be affected if they use custom verification callbacks.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Robert Swiecki (Google), and independently by Hanno Böck. (CVE-2015-1789)

  Emilia Käsper

• PKCS7 crash with missing EnvelopedContent

  The PKCS#7 parsing code does not handle missing inner EncryptedContent correctly. An attacker can craft malformed ASN.1-encoded PKCS#7 blobs with missing content and trigger a NULL pointer dereference on parsing.

  Applications that decrypt PKCS#7 data or otherwise parse PKCS#7 structures from untrusted sources are affected. OpenSSL clients and servers are not affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Michal Zalewski (Google). (CVE-2015-1790)

  Emilia Käsper

• CMS verify infinite loop with unknown hash function

  When verifying a signedData message the CMS code can enter an infinite loop if presented with an unknown hash function OID. This can be used to perform denial of service against any system which verifies signedData messages using the CMS code. This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Johannes Bauer. (CVE-2015-1792)

  Stephen Henson

• Race condition handling NewSessionTicket

  If a NewSessionTicket is received by a multi-threaded client when attempting to reuse a previous ticket then a race condition can occur potentially leading to a double free of the ticket data. (CVE-2015-1791)

  Matt Caswell

• Only support 256-bit or stronger elliptic curves with the 'ecdh_auto' setting (server) or by default (client). Of supported curves, prefer P-256 (both).

  Emilia Kasper

Changes between 1.0.2 and 1.0.2a [19 Mar 2015]

• ClientHello sigalgs DoS fix

  If a client connects to an OpenSSL 1.0.2 server and renegotiates with an invalid signature algorithms extension a NULL pointer dereference will occur. This can be exploited in a DoS attack against the server.

  This issue was was reported to OpenSSL by David Ramos of Stanford University. (CVE-2015-0291)

  Stephen Henson and Matt Caswell

• Multiblock corrupted pointer fix

  OpenSSL 1.0.2 introduced the "multiblock" performance improvement. This feature only applies on 64 bit x86 architecture platforms that support AES NI instructions. A defect in the implementation of "multiblock" can cause OpenSSL's internal write buffer to become incorrectly set to NULL when using non-blocking IO. Typically, when the user application is using a socket BIO for writing, this will only result in a failed connection. However if some other BIO is used then it is likely that a segmentation fault will be triggered, thus enabling a potential DoS attack.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Daniel Danner and Rainer Mueller. (CVE-2015-0290)

  Matt Caswell

• Segmentation fault in DTLSv1_listen fix

  The DTLSv1_listen function is intended to be stateless and processes the initial ClientHello from many peers. It is common for user code to loop over the call to DTLSv1_listen until a valid ClientHello is received with an associated cookie. A defect in the implementation of DTLSv1_listen means that state is preserved in the SSL object from one invocation to the next that can lead to a segmentation fault. Errors processing the initial ClientHello can trigger this scenario. An example of such an error could be that a DTLS1.0 only client is attempting to connect to a DTLS1.2 only server.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Per Allansson. (CVE-2015-0207)

  Matt Caswell

• Segmentation fault in ASN1_TYPE_cmp fix

  The function ASN1_TYPE_cmp will crash with an invalid read if an attempt is made to compare ASN.1 boolean types. Since ASN1_TYPE_cmp is used to check certificate signature algorithm consistency this can be used to crash any certificate verification operation and exploited in a DoS attack. Any application which performs certificate verification is vulnerable including OpenSSL clients and servers which enable client authentication. (CVE-2015-0286)

  Stephen Henson

• Segmentation fault for invalid PSS parameters fix

  The signature verification routines will crash with a NULL pointer dereference if presented with an ASN.1 signature using the RSA PSS algorithm and invalid parameters. Since these routines are used to verify certificate signature algorithms this can be used to crash any certificate verification operation and exploited in a DoS attack. Any application which performs certificate verification is vulnerable including OpenSSL clients and servers which enable client authentication.

  This issue was was reported to OpenSSL by Brian Carpenter. (CVE-2015-0208)

  Stephen Henson

• ASN.1 structure reuse memory corruption fix

  Reusing a structure in ASN.1 parsing may allow an attacker to cause memory corruption via an invalid write. Such reuse is and has been strongly discouraged and is believed to be rare.

  Applications that parse structures containing CHOICE or ANY DEFINED BY components may be affected. Certificate parsing (d2i_X509 and related functions) are however not affected. OpenSSL clients and servers are not affected. (CVE-2015-0287)

  Stephen Henson

• PKCS7 NULL pointer dereferences fix

  The PKCS#7 parsing code does not handle missing outer ContentInfo correctly. An attacker can craft malformed ASN.1-encoded PKCS#7 blobs with missing content and trigger a NULL pointer dereference on parsing.

  Applications that verify PKCS#7 signatures, decrypt PKCS#7 data or otherwise parse PKCS#7 structures from untrusted sources are affected. OpenSSL clients and servers are not affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Michal Zalewski (Google). (CVE-2015-0289)

  Emilia Käsper

• DoS via reachable assert in SSLv2 servers fix

  A malicious client can trigger an OPENSSL_assert (i.e., an abort) in servers that both support SSLv2 and enable export cipher suites by sending a specially crafted SSLv2 CLIENT-MASTER-KEY message.

  This issue was discovered by Sean Burford (Google) and Emilia Käsper (OpenSSL development team). (CVE-2015-0293)

  Emilia Käsper

• Empty CKE with client auth and DHE fix

  If client auth is used then a server can seg fault in the event of a DHE ciphersuite being selected and a zero length ClientKeyExchange message being sent by the client. This could be exploited in a DoS attack. (CVE-2015-1787)

  Matt Caswell

• Handshake with unseeded PRNG fix

  Under certain conditions an OpenSSL 1.0.2 client can complete a handshake with an unseeded PRNG. The conditions are:

  • The client is on a platform where the PRNG has not been seeded automatically, and the user has not seeded manually
  • A protocol specific client method version has been used (i.e. not SSL_client_methodv23)
  • A ciphersuite is used that does not require additional random data from the PRNG beyond the initial ClientHello client random (e.g. PSK-RC4-SHA).

  If the handshake succeeds then the client random that has been used will have been generated from a PRNG with insufficient entropy and therefore the output may be predictable.

  For example using the following command with an unseeded openssl will succeed on an unpatched platform:

  openssl s_client -psk 1a2b3c4d -tls1_2 -cipher PSK-RC4-SHA (CVE-2015-0285)

  Matt Caswell

• Use After Free following d2i_ECPrivatekey error fix

  A malformed EC private key file consumed via the d2i_ECPrivateKey function could cause a use after free condition. This, in turn, could cause a double free in several private key parsing functions (such as d2i_PrivateKey or EVP_PKCS82PKEY) and could lead to a DoS attack or memory corruption for applications that receive EC private keys from untrusted sources. This scenario is considered rare.

  This issue was discovered by the BoringSSL project and fixed in their commit 517073cd4b. (CVE-2015-0209)

  Matt Caswell

• X509_to_X509_REQ NULL pointer deref fix

  The function X509_to_X509_REQ will crash with a NULL pointer dereference if the certificate key is invalid. This function is rarely used in practice.

  This issue was discovered by Brian Carpenter. (CVE-2015-0288)

  Stephen Henson

• Removed the export ciphers from the DEFAULT ciphers

  Kurt Roeckx

Changes between 1.0.1l and 1.0.2 [22 Jan 2015]

• Facilitate "universal" ARM builds targeting range of ARM ISAs, e.g. ARMv5 through ARMv8, as opposite to "locking" it to single one. So far those who have to target multiple platforms would compromise and argue that binary targeting say ARMv5 would still execute on ARMv8. "Universal" build resolves this compromise by providing near-optimal performance even on newer platforms.

  Andy Polyakov

• Accelerated NIST P-256 elliptic curve implementation for x86_64 (other platforms pending).

  Shay Gueron & Vlad Krasnov (Intel Corp), Andy Polyakov

• Add support for the SignedCertificateTimestampList certificate and OCSP response extensions from RFC6962.

  Rob Stradling

• Fix ec_GFp_simple_points_make_affine (thus, EC_POINTs_mul etc.) for corner cases. (Certain input points at infinity could lead to bogus results, with non-infinity inputs mapped to infinity too.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Initial support for PowerISA 2.0.7, first implemented in POWER8. This covers AES, SHA256/512 and GHASH. "Initial" means that most common cases are optimized and there still is room for further improvements. Vector Permutation AES for Altivec is also added.

  Andy Polyakov

• Add support for little-endian ppc64 Linux target.

  Marcelo Cerri (IBM)

• Initial support for AMRv8 ISA crypto extensions. This covers AES, SHA1, SHA256 and GHASH. "Initial" means that most common cases are optimized and there still is room for further improvements. Both 32- and 64-bit modes are supported.

  Andy Polyakov, Ard Biesheuvel (Linaro)

• Improved ARMv7 NEON support.

  Andy Polyakov

• Support for SPARC Architecture 2011 crypto extensions, first implemented in SPARC T4. This covers AES, DES, Camellia, SHA1, SHA256/512, MD5, GHASH and modular exponentiation.

  Andy Polyakov, David Miller

• Accelerated modular exponentiation for Intel processors, a.k.a. RSAZ.

  Shay Gueron & Vlad Krasnov (Intel Corp)

• Support for new and upcoming Intel processors, including AVX2, BMI and SHA ISA extensions. This includes additional "stitched" implementations, AESNI-SHA256 and GCM, and multi-buffer support for TLS encrypt.

  This work was sponsored by Intel Corp.

  Andy Polyakov

• Support for DTLS 1.2. This adds two sets of DTLS methods: DTLS_method() supports both DTLS 1.2 and 1.0 and should use whatever version the peer supports and DTLSv1_2_method() which supports DTLS 1.2 only.

  Steve Henson

• Use algorithm specific chains in SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file(): this fixes a limitation in previous versions of OpenSSL.

  Steve Henson

• Extended RSA OAEP support via EVP_PKEY API. Options to specify digest, MGF1 digest and OAEP label.

  Steve Henson

• Add EVP support for key wrapping algorithms, to avoid problems with existing code the flag EVP_CIPHER_CTX_WRAP_ALLOW has to be set in the EVP_CIPHER_CTX or an error is returned. Add AES and DES3 wrap algorithms and include tests cases.

  Steve Henson

• Add functions to allocate and set the fields of an ECDSA_METHOD structure.

  Douglas E. Engert, Steve Henson

• New functions OPENSSL_gmtime_diff and ASN1_TIME_diff to find the difference in days and seconds between two tm or ASN1_TIME structures.

  Steve Henson

• Add -rev test option to s_server to just reverse order of characters received by client and send back to server. Also prints an abbreviated summary of the connection parameters.

  Steve Henson

• New option -brief for s_client and s_server to print out a brief summary of connection parameters.

  Steve Henson

• Add callbacks for arbitrary TLS extensions.

  Trevor Perrin trevp@trevp.net and Ben Laurie

• New option -crl_download in several openssl utilities to download CRLs from CRLDP extension in certificates.

  Steve Henson

• New options -CRL and -CRLform for s_client and s_server for CRLs.

  Steve Henson

• New function X509_CRL_diff to generate a delta CRL from the difference of two full CRLs. Add support to "crl" utility.

  Steve Henson

• New functions to set lookup_crls function and to retrieve X509_STORE from X509_STORE_CTX.

  Steve Henson

• Print out deprecated issuer and subject unique ID fields in certificates.

  Steve Henson

• Extend OCSP I/O functions so they can be used for simple general purpose HTTP as well as OCSP. New wrapper function which can be used to download CRLs using the OCSP API.

  Steve Henson

• Delegate command line handling in s_client/s_server to SSL_CONF APIs.

  Steve Henson

• SSL_CONF* functions. These provide a common framework for application configuration using configuration files or command lines.

  Steve Henson

• SSL/TLS tracing code. This parses out SSL/TLS records using the message callback and prints the results. Needs compile time option "enable-ssl-trace". New options to s_client and s_server to enable tracing.

  Steve Henson

• New ctrl and macro to retrieve supported points extensions. Print out extension in s_server and s_client.

  Steve Henson

• New functions to retrieve certificate signature and signature OID NID.

  Steve Henson

• Add functions to retrieve and manipulate the raw cipherlist sent by a client to OpenSSL.

  Steve Henson

• New Suite B modes for TLS code. These use and enforce the requirements of RFC6460: restrict ciphersuites, only permit Suite B algorithms and only use Suite B curves. The Suite B modes can be set by using the strings "SUITEB128", "SUITEB192" or "SUITEB128ONLY" for the cipherstring.

  Steve Henson

• New chain verification flags for Suite B levels of security. Check algorithms are acceptable when flags are set in X509_verify_cert.

  Steve Henson

• Make tls1_check_chain return a set of flags indicating checks passed by a certificate chain. Add additional tests to handle client certificates: checks for matching certificate type and issuer name comparison.

  Steve Henson

• If an attempt is made to use a signature algorithm not in the peer preference list abort the handshake. If client has no suitable signature algorithms in response to a certificate request do not use the certificate.

  Steve Henson

• If server EC tmp key is not in client preference list abort handshake.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for certificate stores in CERT structure. This makes it possible to have different stores per SSL structure or one store in the parent SSL_CTX. Include distinct stores for certificate chain verification and chain building. New ctrl SSL_CTRL_BUILD_CERT_CHAIN to build and store a certificate chain in CERT structure: returning an error if the chain cannot be built: this will allow applications to test if a chain is correctly configured.

  Note: if the CERT based stores are not set then the parent SSL_CTX store is used to retain compatibility with existing behaviour.

  Steve Henson

• New function ssl_set_client_disabled to set a ciphersuite disabled mask based on the current session, check mask when sending client hello and checking the requested ciphersuite.

  Steve Henson

• New ctrls to retrieve and set certificate types in a certificate request message. Print out received values in s_client. If certificate types is not set with custom values set sensible values based on supported signature algorithms.

  Steve Henson

• Support for distinct client and server supported signature algorithms.

  Steve Henson

• Add certificate callback. If set this is called whenever a certificate is required by client or server. An application can decide which certificate chain to present based on arbitrary criteria: for example supported signature algorithms. Add very simple example to s_server. This fixes many of the problems and restrictions of the existing client certificate callback: for example you can now clear an existing certificate and specify the whole chain.

  Steve Henson

• Add new "valid_flags" field to CERT_PKEY structure which determines what the certificate can be used for (if anything). Set valid_flags field in new tls1_check_chain function. Simplify ssl_set_cert_masks which used to have similar checks in it.

  Add new "cert_flags" field to CERT structure and include a "strict mode". This enforces some TLS certificate requirements (such as only permitting certificate signature algorithms contained in the supported algorithms extension) which some implementations ignore: this option should be used with caution as it could cause interoperability issues.

  Steve Henson

• Update and tidy signature algorithm extension processing. Work out shared signature algorithms based on preferences and peer algorithms and print them out in s_client and s_server. Abort handshake if no shared signature algorithms.

  Steve Henson

• Add new functions to allow customised supported signature algorithms for SSL and SSL_CTX structures. Add options to s_client and s_server to support them.

  Steve Henson

• New function SSL_certs_clear() to delete all references to certificates from an SSL structure. Before this once a certificate had been added it couldn't be removed.

  Steve Henson

• Integrate hostname, email address and IP address checking with certificate verification. New verify options supporting checking in openssl utility.

  Steve Henson

• Fixes and wildcard matching support to hostname and email checking functions. Add manual page.

  Florian Weimer (Red Hat Product Security Team)

• New functions to check a hostname email or IP address against a certificate. Add options x509 utility to print results of checks against a certificate.

  Steve Henson

• Fix OCSP checking.

  Rob Stradling rob.stradling@comodo.com and Ben Laurie

• Initial experimental support for explicitly trusted non-root CAs. OpenSSL still tries to build a complete chain to a root but if an intermediate CA has a trust setting included that is used. The first setting is used: whether to trust (e.g., -addtrust option to the x509 utility) or reject.

  Steve Henson

• Add -trusted_first option which attempts to find certificates in the trusted store even if an untrusted chain is also supplied.

  Steve Henson

• MIPS assembly pack updates: support for MIPS32r2 and SmartMIPS ASE, platform support for Linux and Android.

  Andy Polyakov

• Support for linux-x32, ILP32 environment in x86_64 framework.

  Andy Polyakov

• Experimental multi-implementation support for FIPS capable OpenSSL. When in FIPS mode the approved implementations are used as normal, when not in FIPS mode the internal unapproved versions are used instead. This means that the FIPS capable OpenSSL isn't forced to use the (often lower performance) FIPS implementations outside FIPS mode.

  Steve Henson

• Transparently support X9.42 DH parameters when calling PEM_read_bio_DHparameters. This means existing applications can handle the new parameter format automatically.

  Steve Henson

• Initial experimental support for X9.42 DH parameter format: mainly to support use of 'q' parameter for RFC5114 parameters.

  Steve Henson

• Add DH parameters from RFC5114 including test data to dhtest.

  Steve Henson

• Support for automatic EC temporary key parameter selection. If enabled the most preferred EC parameters are automatically used instead of hardcoded fixed parameters. Now a server just has to call: SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto(ctx, 1) and the server will automatically support ECDH and use the most appropriate parameters.

  Steve Henson

• Enhance and tidy EC curve and point format TLS extension code. Use static structures instead of allocation if default values are used. New ctrls to set curves we wish to support and to retrieve shared curves. Print out shared curves in s_server. New options to s_server and s_client to set list of supported curves.

  Steve Henson

• New ctrls to retrieve supported signature algorithms and supported curve values as an array of NIDs. Extend openssl utility to print out received values.

  Steve Henson

• Add new APIs EC_curve_nist2nid and EC_curve_nid2nist which convert between NIDs and the more common NIST names such as "P-256". Enhance ecparam utility and ECC method to recognise the NIST names for curves.

  Steve Henson

• Enhance SSL/TLS certificate chain handling to support different chains for each certificate instead of one chain in the parent SSL_CTX.

  Steve Henson

• Support for fixed DH ciphersuite client authentication: where both server and client use DH certificates with common parameters.

  Steve Henson

• Support for fixed DH ciphersuites: those requiring DH server certificates.

  Steve Henson

• New function i2d_re_X509_tbs for re-encoding the TBS portion of the certificate. Note: Related 1.0.2-beta specific macros X509_get_cert_info, X509_CINF_set_modified, X509_CINF_get_issuer, X509_CINF_get_extensions and X509_CINF_get_signature were reverted post internal team review.

OpenSSL 1.0.1

Changes between 1.0.1t and 1.0.1u [22 Sep 2016]

• OCSP Status Request extension unbounded memory growth

  A malicious client can send an excessively large OCSP Status Request extension. If that client continually requests renegotiation, sending a large OCSP Status Request extension each time, then there will be unbounded memory growth on the server. This will eventually lead to a Denial Of Service attack through memory exhaustion. Servers with a default configuration are vulnerable even if they do not support OCSP. Builds using the "no-ocsp" build time option are not affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-6304)

  Matt Caswell

• In order to mitigate the SWEET32 attack, the DES ciphers were moved from HIGH to MEDIUM.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL Karthikeyan Bhargavan and Gaetan Leurent (INRIA) (CVE-2016-2183)

  Rich Salz

• OOB write in MDC2_Update()

  An overflow can occur in MDC2_Update() either if called directly or through the EVP_DigestUpdate() function using MDC2. If an attacker is able to supply very large amounts of input data after a previous call to EVP_EncryptUpdate() with a partial block then a length check can overflow resulting in a heap corruption.

  The amount of data needed is comparable to SIZE_MAX which is impractical on most platforms.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-6303)

  Stephen Henson

• Malformed SHA512 ticket DoS

  If a server uses SHA512 for TLS session ticket HMAC it is vulnerable to a DoS attack where a malformed ticket will result in an OOB read which will ultimately crash.

  The use of SHA512 in TLS session tickets is comparatively rare as it requires a custom server callback and ticket lookup mechanism.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-6302)

  Stephen Henson

• OOB write in BN_bn2dec()

  The function BN_bn2dec() does not check the return value of BN_div_word(). This can cause an OOB write if an application uses this function with an overly large BIGNUM. This could be a problem if an overly large certificate or CRL is printed out from an untrusted source. TLS is not affected because record limits will reject an oversized certificate before it is parsed.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-2182)

  Stephen Henson

• OOB read in TS_OBJ_print_bio()

  The function TS_OBJ_print_bio() misuses OBJ_obj2txt(): the return value is the total length the OID text representation would use and not the amount of data written. This will result in OOB reads when large OIDs are presented.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-2180)

  Stephen Henson

• Pointer arithmetic undefined behaviour

  Avoid some undefined pointer arithmetic

  A common idiom in the codebase is to check limits in the following manner: "p + len > limit"

  Where "p" points to some malloc'd data of SIZE bytes and limit == p + SIZE

  "len" here could be from some externally supplied data (e.g. from a TLS message).

  The rules of C pointer arithmetic are such that "p + len" is only well defined where len <= SIZE. Therefore, the above idiom is actually undefined behaviour.

  For example this could cause problems if some malloc implementation provides an address for "p" such that "p + len" actually overflows for values of len that are too big and therefore p + len < limit.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Guido Vranken (CVE-2016-2177)

  Matt Caswell

• Constant time flag not preserved in DSA signing

  Operations in the DSA signing algorithm should run in constant time in order to avoid side channel attacks. A flaw in the OpenSSL DSA implementation means that a non-constant time codepath is followed for certain operations. This has been demonstrated through a cache-timing attack to be sufficient for an attacker to recover the private DSA key.

  This issue was reported by César Pereida (Aalto University), Billy Brumley (Tampere University of Technology), and Yuval Yarom (The University of Adelaide and NICTA). (CVE-2016-2178)

  César Pereida

• DTLS buffered message DoS

  In a DTLS connection where handshake messages are delivered out-of-order those messages that OpenSSL is not yet ready to process will be buffered for later use. Under certain circumstances, a flaw in the logic means that those messages do not get removed from the buffer even though the handshake has been completed. An attacker could force up to approx. 15 messages to remain in the buffer when they are no longer required. These messages will be cleared when the DTLS connection is closed. The default maximum size for a message is 100k. Therefore, the attacker could force an additional 1500k to be consumed per connection. By opening many simultaneous connections an attacker could cause a DoS attack through memory exhaustion.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Quan Luo. (CVE-2016-2179)

  Matt Caswell

• DTLS replay protection DoS

  A flaw in the DTLS replay attack protection mechanism means that records that arrive for future epochs update the replay protection "window" before the MAC for the record has been validated. This could be exploited by an attacker by sending a record for the next epoch (which does not have to decrypt or have a valid MAC), with a very large sequence number. This means that all subsequent legitimate packets are dropped causing a denial of service for a specific DTLS connection.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by the OCAP audit team. (CVE-2016-2181)

  Matt Caswell

• Certificate message OOB reads

  In OpenSSL 1.0.2 and earlier some missing message length checks can result in OOB reads of up to 2 bytes beyond an allocated buffer. There is a theoretical DoS risk but this has not been observed in practice on common platforms.

  The messages affected are client certificate, client certificate request and server certificate. As a result the attack can only be performed against a client or a server which enables client authentication.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Shi Lei (Gear Team, Qihoo 360 Inc.) (CVE-2016-6306)

  Stephen Henson

Changes between 1.0.1s and 1.0.1t [3 May 2016]

• Prevent padding oracle in AES-NI CBC MAC check

  A MITM attacker can use a padding oracle attack to decrypt traffic when the connection uses an AES CBC cipher and the server support AES-NI.

  This issue was introduced as part of the fix for Lucky 13 padding attack (CVE-2013-0169). The padding check was rewritten to be in constant time by making sure that always the same bytes are read and compared against either the MAC or padding bytes. But it no longer checked that there was enough data to have both the MAC and padding bytes.

  This issue was reported by Juraj Somorovsky using TLS-Attacker. (CVE-2016-2107)

  Kurt Roeckx

• Fix EVP_EncodeUpdate overflow

  An overflow can occur in the EVP_EncodeUpdate() function which is used for Base64 encoding of binary data. If an attacker is able to supply very large amounts of input data then a length check can overflow resulting in a heap corruption.

  Internally to OpenSSL the EVP_EncodeUpdate() function is primarily used by the PEM_write_bio* family of functions. These are mainly used within the OpenSSL command line applications, so any application which processes data from an untrusted source and outputs it as a PEM file should be considered vulnerable to this issue. User applications that call these APIs directly with large amounts of untrusted data may also be vulnerable.

  This issue was reported by Guido Vranken. (CVE-2016-2105)

  Matt Caswell

• Fix EVP_EncryptUpdate overflow

  An overflow can occur in the EVP_EncryptUpdate() function. If an attacker is able to supply very large amounts of input data after a previous call to EVP_EncryptUpdate() with a partial block then a length check can overflow resulting in a heap corruption. Following an analysis of all OpenSSL internal usage of the EVP_EncryptUpdate() function all usage is one of two forms. The first form is where the EVP_EncryptUpdate() call is known to be the first called function after an EVP_EncryptInit(), and therefore that specific call must be safe. The second form is where the length passed to EVP_EncryptUpdate() can be seen from the code to be some small value and therefore there is no possibility of an overflow. Since all instances are one of these two forms, it is believed that there can be no overflows in internal code due to this problem. It should be noted that EVP_DecryptUpdate() can call EVP_EncryptUpdate() in certain code paths. Also EVP_CipherUpdate() is a synonym for EVP_EncryptUpdate(). All instances of these calls have also been analysed too and it is believed there are no instances in internal usage where an overflow could occur.

  This issue was reported by Guido Vranken. (CVE-2016-2106)

  Matt Caswell

• Prevent ASN.1 BIO excessive memory allocation

  When ASN.1 data is read from a BIO using functions such as d2i_CMS_bio() a short invalid encoding can casuse allocation of large amounts of memory potentially consuming excessive resources or exhausting memory.

  Any application parsing untrusted data through d2i BIO functions is affected. The memory based functions such as d2i_X509() are not affected. Since the memory based functions are used by the TLS library, TLS applications are not affected.

  This issue was reported by Brian Carpenter. (CVE-2016-2109)

  Stephen Henson

• EBCDIC overread

  ASN1 Strings that are over 1024 bytes can cause an overread in applications using the X509_NAME_oneline() function on EBCDIC systems. This could result in arbitrary stack data being returned in the buffer.

  This issue was reported by Guido Vranken. (CVE-2016-2176)

  Matt Caswell

• Modify behavior of ALPN to invoke callback after SNI/servername callback, such that updates to the SSL_CTX affect ALPN.

  Todd Short

• Remove LOW from the DEFAULT cipher list. This removes singles DES from the default.

  Kurt Roeckx

• Only remove the SSLv2 methods with the no-ssl2-method option. When the methods are enabled and ssl2 is disabled the methods return NULL.

  Kurt Roeckx

Changes between 1.0.1r and 1.0.1s [1 Mar 2016]

• Disable weak ciphers in SSLv3 and up in default builds of OpenSSL. Builds that are not configured with "enable-weak-ssl-ciphers" will not provide any "EXPORT" or "LOW" strength ciphers.

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Disable SSLv2 default build, default negotiation and weak ciphers. SSLv2 is by default disabled at build-time. Builds that are not configured with "enable-ssl2" will not support SSLv2. Even if "enable-ssl2" is used, users who want to negotiate SSLv2 via the version-flexible SSLv23_method() will need to explicitly call either of:

  SSL_CTX_clear_options(ctx, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2);
  

  or SSL_clear_options(ssl, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2);

  as appropriate. Even if either of those is used, or the application explicitly uses the version-specific SSLv2_method() or its client and server variants, SSLv2 ciphers vulnerable to exhaustive search key recovery have been removed. Specifically, the SSLv2 40-bit EXPORT ciphers, and SSLv2 56-bit DES are no longer available. (CVE-2016-0800)

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Fix a double-free in DSA code

  A double free bug was discovered when OpenSSL parses malformed DSA private keys and could lead to a DoS attack or memory corruption for applications that receive DSA private keys from untrusted sources. This scenario is considered rare.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Adam Langley(Google/BoringSSL) using libFuzzer. (CVE-2016-0705)

  Stephen Henson

• Disable SRP fake user seed to address a server memory leak.

  Add a new method SRP_VBASE_get1_by_user that handles the seed properly.

  SRP_VBASE_get_by_user had inconsistent memory management behaviour. In order to fix an unavoidable memory leak, SRP_VBASE_get_by_user was changed to ignore the "fake user" SRP seed, even if the seed is configured.

  Users should use SRP_VBASE_get1_by_user instead. Note that in SRP_VBASE_get1_by_user, caller must free the returned value. Note also that even though configuring the SRP seed attempts to hide invalid usernames by continuing the handshake with fake credentials, this behaviour is not constant time and no strong guarantees are made that the handshake is indistinguishable from that of a valid user. (CVE-2016-0798)

  Emilia Käsper

• Fix BN_hex2bn/BN_dec2bn NULL pointer deref/heap corruption

  In the BN_hex2bn function the number of hex digits is calculated using an int value i. Later bn_expand is called with a value of i * 4. For large values of i this can result in bn_expand not allocating any memory because i * 4 is negative. This can leave the internal BIGNUM data field as NULL leading to a subsequent NULL ptr deref. For very large values of i, the calculation i * 4 could be a positive value smaller than i. In this case memory is allocated to the internal BIGNUM data field, but it is insufficiently sized leading to heap corruption. A similar issue exists in BN_dec2bn. This could have security consequences if BN_hex2bn/BN_dec2bn is ever called by user applications with very large untrusted hex/dec data. This is anticipated to be a rare occurrence.

  All OpenSSL internal usage of these functions use data that is not expected to be untrusted, e.g. config file data or application command line arguments. If user developed applications generate config file data based on untrusted data then it is possible that this could also lead to security consequences. This is also anticipated to be rare.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Guido Vranken. (CVE-2016-0797)

  Matt Caswell

• Fix memory issues in BIO_*printf functions

  The internal fmtstr function used in processing a "%s" format string in the BIO_*printf functions could overflow while calculating the length of a string and cause an OOB read when printing very long strings.

  Additionally the internal doapr_outch function can attempt to write to an OOB memory location (at an offset from the NULL pointer) in the event of a memory allocation failure. In 1.0.2 and below this could be caused where the size of a buffer to be allocated is greater than INT_MAX. E.g. this could be in processing a very long "%s" format string. Memory leaks can also occur.

  The first issue may mask the second issue dependent on compiler behaviour. These problems could enable attacks where large amounts of untrusted data is passed to the BIO_*printf functions. If applications use these functions in this way then they could be vulnerable. OpenSSL itself uses these functions when printing out human-readable dumps of ASN.1 data. Therefore applications that print this data could be vulnerable if the data is from untrusted sources. OpenSSL command line applications could also be vulnerable where they print out ASN.1 data, or if untrusted data is passed as command line arguments.

  Libssl is not considered directly vulnerable. Additionally certificates etc received via remote connections via libssl are also unlikely to be able to trigger these issues because of message size limits enforced within libssl.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL Guido Vranken. (CVE-2016-0799)

  Matt Caswell

• Side channel attack on modular exponentiation

  A side-channel attack was found which makes use of cache-bank conflicts on the Intel Sandy-Bridge microarchitecture which could lead to the recovery of RSA keys. The ability to exploit this issue is limited as it relies on an attacker who has control of code in a thread running on the same hyper-threaded core as the victim thread which is performing decryptions.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Yuval Yarom, The University of Adelaide and NICTA, Daniel Genkin, Technion and Tel Aviv University, and Nadia Heninger, University of Pennsylvania with more information at http://cachebleed.info. (CVE-2016-0702)

  Andy Polyakov

• Change the req command to generate a 2048-bit RSA/DSA key by default, if no keysize is specified with default_bits. This fixes an omission in an earlier change that changed all RSA/DSA key generation commands to use 2048 bits by default.

  Emilia Käsper

Changes between 1.0.1q and 1.0.1r [28 Jan 2016]

• Protection for DH small subgroup attacks

  As a precautionary measure the SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE option has been switched on by default and cannot be disabled. This could have some performance impact.

  Matt Caswell

• SSLv2 doesn't block disabled ciphers

  A malicious client can negotiate SSLv2 ciphers that have been disabled on the server and complete SSLv2 handshakes even if all SSLv2 ciphers have been disabled, provided that the SSLv2 protocol was not also disabled via SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL on 26th December 2015 by Nimrod Aviram and Sebastian Schinzel. (CVE-2015-3197)

  Viktor Dukhovni

• Reject DH handshakes with parameters shorter than 1024 bits.

  Kurt Roeckx

Changes between 1.0.1p and 1.0.1q [3 Dec 2015]

• Certificate verify crash with missing PSS parameter

  The signature verification routines will crash with a NULL pointer dereference if presented with an ASN.1 signature using the RSA PSS algorithm and absent mask generation function parameter. Since these routines are used to verify certificate signature algorithms this can be used to crash any certificate verification operation and exploited in a DoS attack. Any application which performs certificate verification is vulnerable including OpenSSL clients and servers which enable client authentication.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Loïc Jonas Etienne (Qnective AG). (CVE-2015-3194)

  Stephen Henson

• X509_ATTRIBUTE memory leak

  When presented with a malformed X509_ATTRIBUTE structure OpenSSL will leak memory. This structure is used by the PKCS#7 and CMS routines so any application which reads PKCS#7 or CMS data from untrusted sources is affected. SSL/TLS is not affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Adam Langley (Google/BoringSSL) using libFuzzer. (CVE-2015-3195)

  Stephen Henson

• Rewrite EVP_DecodeUpdate (base64 decoding) to fix several bugs. This changes the decoding behaviour for some invalid messages, though the change is mostly in the more lenient direction, and legacy behaviour is preserved as much as possible.

  Emilia Käsper

• In DSA_generate_parameters_ex, if the provided seed is too short, use a random seed, as already documented.

  Rich Salz and Ismo Puustinen ismo.puustinen@intel.com

Changes between 1.0.1o and 1.0.1p [9 Jul 2015]

• Alternate chains certificate forgery

  During certificate verification, OpenSSL will attempt to find an alternative certificate chain if the first attempt to build such a chain fails. An error in the implementation of this logic can mean that an attacker could cause certain checks on untrusted certificates to be bypassed, such as the CA flag, enabling them to use a valid leaf certificate to act as a CA and "issue" an invalid certificate.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Adam Langley/David Benjamin (Google/BoringSSL). (CVE-2015-1793)

  Matt Caswell

• Race condition handling PSK identify hint

  If PSK identity hints are received by a multi-threaded client then the values are wrongly updated in the parent SSL_CTX structure. This can result in a race condition potentially leading to a double free of the identify hint data. (CVE-2015-3196)

  Stephen Henson

Changes between 1.0.1n and 1.0.1o [12 Jun 2015]

• Fix HMAC ABI incompatibility. The previous version introduced an ABI incompatibility in the handling of HMAC. The previous ABI has now been restored.

Changes between 1.0.1m and 1.0.1n [11 Jun 2015]

• Malformed ECParameters causes infinite loop

  When processing an ECParameters structure OpenSSL enters an infinite loop if the curve specified is over a specially malformed binary polynomial field.

  This can be used to perform denial of service against any system which processes public keys, certificate requests or certificates. This includes TLS clients and TLS servers with client authentication enabled.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Joseph Barr-Pixton. (CVE-2015-1788)

  Andy Polyakov

• Exploitable out-of-bounds read in X509_cmp_time

  X509_cmp_time does not properly check the length of the ASN1_TIME string and can read a few bytes out of bounds. In addition, X509_cmp_time accepts an arbitrary number of fractional seconds in the time string.

  An attacker can use this to craft malformed certificates and CRLs of various sizes and potentially cause a segmentation fault, resulting in a DoS on applications that verify certificates or CRLs. TLS clients that verify CRLs are affected. TLS clients and servers with client authentication enabled may be affected if they use custom verification callbacks.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Robert Swiecki (Google), and independently by Hanno Böck. (CVE-2015-1789)

  Emilia Käsper

• PKCS7 crash with missing EnvelopedContent

  The PKCS#7 parsing code does not handle missing inner EncryptedContent correctly. An attacker can craft malformed ASN.1-encoded PKCS#7 blobs with missing content and trigger a NULL pointer dereference on parsing.

  Applications that decrypt PKCS#7 data or otherwise parse PKCS#7 structures from untrusted sources are affected. OpenSSL clients and servers are not affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Michal Zalewski (Google). (CVE-2015-1790)

  Emilia Käsper

• CMS verify infinite loop with unknown hash function

  When verifying a signedData message the CMS code can enter an infinite loop if presented with an unknown hash function OID. This can be used to perform denial of service against any system which verifies signedData messages using the CMS code. This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Johannes Bauer. (CVE-2015-1792)

  Stephen Henson

• Race condition handling NewSessionTicket

  If a NewSessionTicket is received by a multi-threaded client when attempting to reuse a previous ticket then a race condition can occur potentially leading to a double free of the ticket data. (CVE-2015-1791)

  Matt Caswell

• Reject DH handshakes with parameters shorter than 768 bits.

  Kurt Roeckx and Emilia Kasper

• dhparam: generate 2048-bit parameters by default.

  Kurt Roeckx and Emilia Kasper

Changes between 1.0.1l and 1.0.1m [19 Mar 2015]

• Segmentation fault in ASN1_TYPE_cmp fix

  The function ASN1_TYPE_cmp will crash with an invalid read if an attempt is made to compare ASN.1 boolean types. Since ASN1_TYPE_cmp is used to check certificate signature algorithm consistency this can be used to crash any certificate verification operation and exploited in a DoS attack. Any application which performs certificate verification is vulnerable including OpenSSL clients and servers which enable client authentication. (CVE-2015-0286)

  Stephen Henson

• ASN.1 structure reuse memory corruption fix

  Reusing a structure in ASN.1 parsing may allow an attacker to cause memory corruption via an invalid write. Such reuse is and has been strongly discouraged and is believed to be rare.

  Applications that parse structures containing CHOICE or ANY DEFINED BY components may be affected. Certificate parsing (d2i_X509 and related functions) are however not affected. OpenSSL clients and servers are not affected. (CVE-2015-0287)

  Stephen Henson

• PKCS7 NULL pointer dereferences fix

  The PKCS#7 parsing code does not handle missing outer ContentInfo correctly. An attacker can craft malformed ASN.1-encoded PKCS#7 blobs with missing content and trigger a NULL pointer dereference on parsing.

  Applications that verify PKCS#7 signatures, decrypt PKCS#7 data or otherwise parse PKCS#7 structures from untrusted sources are affected. OpenSSL clients and servers are not affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Michal Zalewski (Google). (CVE-2015-0289)

  Emilia Käsper

• DoS via reachable assert in SSLv2 servers fix

  A malicious client can trigger an OPENSSL_assert (i.e., an abort) in servers that both support SSLv2 and enable export cipher suites by sending a specially crafted SSLv2 CLIENT-MASTER-KEY message.

  This issue was discovered by Sean Burford (Google) and Emilia Käsper (OpenSSL development team). (CVE-2015-0293)

  Emilia Käsper

• Use After Free following d2i_ECPrivatekey error fix

  A malformed EC private key file consumed via the d2i_ECPrivateKey function could cause a use after free condition. This, in turn, could cause a double free in several private key parsing functions (such as d2i_PrivateKey or EVP_PKCS82PKEY) and could lead to a DoS attack or memory corruption for applications that receive EC private keys from untrusted sources. This scenario is considered rare.

  This issue was discovered by the BoringSSL project and fixed in their commit 517073cd4b. (CVE-2015-0209)

  Matt Caswell

• X509_to_X509_REQ NULL pointer deref fix

  The function X509_to_X509_REQ will crash with a NULL pointer dereference if the certificate key is invalid. This function is rarely used in practice.

  This issue was discovered by Brian Carpenter. (CVE-2015-0288)

  Stephen Henson

• Removed the export ciphers from the DEFAULT ciphers

  Kurt Roeckx

Changes between 1.0.1k and 1.0.1l [15 Jan 2015]

• Build fixes for the Windows and OpenVMS platforms

  Matt Caswell and Richard Levitte

Changes between 1.0.1j and 1.0.1k [8 Jan 2015]

• Fix DTLS segmentation fault in dtls1_get_record. A carefully crafted DTLS message can cause a segmentation fault in OpenSSL due to a NULL pointer dereference. This could lead to a Denial Of Service attack. Thanks to Markus Stenberg of Cisco Systems, Inc. for reporting this issue. (CVE-2014-3571)

  Steve Henson

• Fix DTLS memory leak in dtls1_buffer_record. A memory leak can occur in the dtls1_buffer_record function under certain conditions. In particular this could occur if an attacker sent repeated DTLS records with the same sequence number but for the next epoch. The memory leak could be exploited by an attacker in a Denial of Service attack through memory exhaustion. Thanks to Chris Mueller for reporting this issue. (CVE-2015-0206)

  Matt Caswell

• Fix issue where no-ssl3 configuration sets method to NULL. When openssl is built with the no-ssl3 option and a SSL v3 ClientHello is received the ssl method would be set to NULL which could later result in a NULL pointer dereference. Thanks to Frank Schmirler for reporting this issue. (CVE-2014-3569)

  Kurt Roeckx

• Abort handshake if server key exchange message is omitted for ephemeral ECDH ciphersuites.

  Thanks to Karthikeyan Bhargavan of the PROSECCO team at INRIA for reporting this issue. (CVE-2014-3572)

  Steve Henson

• Remove non-export ephemeral RSA code on client and server. This code violated the TLS standard by allowing the use of temporary RSA keys in non-export ciphersuites and could be used by a server to effectively downgrade the RSA key length used to a value smaller than the server certificate. Thanks for Karthikeyan Bhargavan of the PROSECCO team at INRIA or reporting this issue. (CVE-2015-0204)

  Steve Henson

• Fixed issue where DH client certificates are accepted without verification. An OpenSSL server will accept a DH certificate for client authentication without the certificate verify message. This effectively allows a client to authenticate without the use of a private key. This only affects servers which trust a client certificate authority which issues certificates containing DH keys: these are extremely rare and hardly ever encountered. Thanks for Karthikeyan Bhargavan of the PROSECCO team at INRIA or reporting this issue. (CVE-2015-0205)

  Steve Henson

• Ensure that the session ID context of an SSL is updated when its SSL_CTX is updated via SSL_set_SSL_CTX.

  The session ID context is typically set from the parent SSL_CTX, and can vary with the CTX.

  Adam Langley

• Fix various certificate fingerprint issues.

  By using non-DER or invalid encodings outside the signed portion of a certificate the fingerprint can be changed without breaking the signature. Although no details of the signed portion of the certificate can be changed this can cause problems with some applications: e.g. those using the certificate fingerprint for blacklists.

  1. Reject signatures with non zero unused bits.

  If the BIT STRING containing the signature has non zero unused bits reject the signature. All current signature algorithms require zero unused bits.

  2. Check certificate algorithm consistency.

  Check the AlgorithmIdentifier inside TBS matches the one in the certificate signature. NB: this will result in signature failure errors for some broken certificates.

  Thanks to Konrad Kraszewski from Google for reporting this issue.

  3. Check DSA/ECDSA signatures use DER.

  Re-encode DSA/ECDSA signatures and compare with the original received signature. Return an error if there is a mismatch.

  This will reject various cases including garbage after signature (thanks to Antti Karjalainen and Tuomo Untinen from the Codenomicon CROSS program for discovering this case) and use of BER or invalid ASN.1 INTEGERs (negative or with leading zeroes).

  Further analysis was conducted and fixes were developed by Stephen Henson of the OpenSSL core team.

  (CVE-2014-8275)

  Steve Henson

• Correct Bignum squaring. Bignum squaring (BN_sqr) may produce incorrect results on some platforms, including x86_64. This bug occurs at random with a very low probability, and is not known to be exploitable in any way, though its exact impact is difficult to determine. Thanks to Pieter Wuille (Blockstream) who reported this issue and also suggested an initial fix. Further analysis was conducted by the OpenSSL development team and Adam Langley of Google. The final fix was developed by Andy Polyakov of the OpenSSL core team. (CVE-2014-3570)

  Andy Polyakov

• Do not resume sessions on the server if the negotiated protocol version does not match the session's version. Resuming with a different version, while not strictly forbidden by the RFC, is of questionable sanity and breaks all known clients.

  David Benjamin, Emilia Käsper

• Tighten handling of the ChangeCipherSpec (CCS) message: reject early CCS messages during renegotiation. (Note that because renegotiation is encrypted, this early CCS was not exploitable.)

  Emilia Käsper

• Tighten client-side session ticket handling during renegotiation: ensure that the client only accepts a session ticket if the server sends the extension anew in the ServerHello. Previously, a TLS client would reuse the old extension state and thus accept a session ticket if one was announced in the initial ServerHello.

  Similarly, ensure that the client requires a session ticket if one was advertised in the ServerHello. Previously, a TLS client would ignore a missing NewSessionTicket message.

  Emilia Käsper

Changes between 1.0.1i and 1.0.1j [15 Oct 2014]

• SRTP Memory Leak.

  A flaw in the DTLS SRTP extension parsing code allows an attacker, who sends a carefully crafted handshake message, to cause OpenSSL to fail to free up to 64k of memory causing a memory leak. This could be exploited in a Denial Of Service attack. This issue affects OpenSSL 1.0.1 server implementations for both SSL/TLS and DTLS regardless of whether SRTP is used or configured. Implementations of OpenSSL that have been compiled with OPENSSL_NO_SRTP defined are not affected.

  The fix was developed by the OpenSSL team. (CVE-2014-3513)

  OpenSSL team

• Session Ticket Memory Leak.

  When an OpenSSL SSL/TLS/DTLS server receives a session ticket the integrity of that ticket is first verified. In the event of a session ticket integrity check failing, OpenSSL will fail to free memory causing a memory leak. By sending a large number of invalid session tickets an attacker could exploit this issue in a Denial Of Service attack. (CVE-2014-3567)

  Steve Henson

• Build option no-ssl3 is incomplete.

  When OpenSSL is configured with "no-ssl3" as a build option, servers could accept and complete an SSL 3.0 handshake, and clients could be configured to send them. (CVE-2014-3568)

  Akamai and the OpenSSL team

• Add support for TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV. Client applications doing fallback retries should call SSL_set_mode(s, SSL_MODE_SEND_FALLBACK_SCSV). (CVE-2014-3566)

  Adam Langley, Bodo Moeller

• Add additional DigestInfo checks.

  Re-encode DigestInto in DER and check against the original when verifying RSA signature: this will reject any improperly encoded DigestInfo structures.

  Note: this is a precautionary measure and no attacks are currently known.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 1.0.1h and 1.0.1i [6 Aug 2014]

• Fix SRP buffer overrun vulnerability. Invalid parameters passed to the SRP code can be overrun an internal buffer. Add sanity check that g, A, B < N to SRP code.

  Thanks to Sean Devlin and Watson Ladd of Cryptography Services, NCC Group for discovering this issue. (CVE-2014-3512)

  Steve Henson

• A flaw in the OpenSSL SSL/TLS server code causes the server to negotiate TLS 1.0 instead of higher protocol versions when the ClientHello message is badly fragmented. This allows a man-in-the-middle attacker to force a downgrade to TLS 1.0 even if both the server and the client support a higher protocol version, by modifying the client's TLS records.

  Thanks to David Benjamin and Adam Langley (Google) for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-3511)

  David Benjamin

• OpenSSL DTLS clients enabling anonymous (EC)DH ciphersuites are subject to a denial of service attack. A malicious server can crash the client with a null pointer dereference (read) by specifying an anonymous (EC)DH ciphersuite and sending carefully crafted handshake messages.

  Thanks to Felix Gröbert (Google) for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-3510)

  Emilia Käsper

• By sending carefully crafted DTLS packets an attacker could cause openssl to leak memory. This can be exploited through a Denial of Service attack. Thanks to Adam Langley for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-3507)

  Adam Langley

• An attacker can force openssl to consume large amounts of memory whilst processing DTLS handshake messages. This can be exploited through a Denial of Service attack. Thanks to Adam Langley for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-3506)

  Adam Langley

• An attacker can force an error condition which causes openssl to crash whilst processing DTLS packets due to memory being freed twice. This can be exploited through a Denial of Service attack. Thanks to Adam Langley and Wan-Teh Chang for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-3505)

  Adam Langley

• If a multithreaded client connects to a malicious server using a resumed session and the server sends an ec point format extension it could write up to 255 bytes to freed memory.

  Thanks to Gabor Tyukasz (LogMeIn Inc) for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-3509)

  Gabor Tyukasz

• A malicious server can crash an OpenSSL client with a null pointer dereference (read) by specifying an SRP ciphersuite even though it was not properly negotiated with the client. This can be exploited through a Denial of Service attack.

  Thanks to Joonas Kuorilehto and Riku Hietamäki (Codenomicon) for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-5139)

  Steve Henson

• A flaw in OBJ_obj2txt may cause pretty printing functions such as X509_name_oneline, X509_name_print_ex et al. to leak some information from the stack. Applications may be affected if they echo pretty printing output to the attacker.

  Thanks to Ivan Fratric (Google) for discovering this issue. (CVE-2014-3508)

  Emilia Käsper, and Steve Henson

• Fix ec_GFp_simple_points_make_affine (thus, EC_POINTs_mul etc.) for corner cases. (Certain input points at infinity could lead to bogus results, with non-infinity inputs mapped to infinity too.)

  Bodo Moeller

Changes between 1.0.1g and 1.0.1h [5 Jun 2014]

• Fix for SSL/TLS MITM flaw. An attacker using a carefully crafted handshake can force the use of weak keying material in OpenSSL SSL/TLS clients and servers.

  Thanks to KIKUCHI Masashi (Lepidum Co. Ltd.) for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-0224)

  KIKUCHI Masashi, Steve Henson

• Fix DTLS recursion flaw. By sending an invalid DTLS handshake to an OpenSSL DTLS client the code can be made to recurse eventually crashing in a DoS attack.

  Thanks to Imre Rad (Search-Lab Ltd.) for discovering this issue. (CVE-2014-0221)

  Imre Rad, Steve Henson

• Fix DTLS invalid fragment vulnerability. A buffer overrun attack can be triggered by sending invalid DTLS fragments to an OpenSSL DTLS client or server. This is potentially exploitable to run arbitrary code on a vulnerable client or server.

  Thanks to Jüri Aedla for reporting this issue. (CVE-2014-0195)

  Jüri Aedla, Steve Henson

• Fix bug in TLS code where clients enable anonymous ECDH ciphersuites are subject to a denial of service attack.

  Thanks to Felix Gröbert and Ivan Fratric at Google for discovering this issue. (CVE-2014-3470)

  Felix Gröbert, Ivan Fratric, Steve Henson

• Harmonize version and its documentation. -f flag is used to display compilation flags.

  mancha mancha1@zoho.com

• Fix eckey_priv_encode so it immediately returns an error upon a failure in i2d_ECPrivateKey.

  mancha mancha1@zoho.com

• Fix some double frees. These are not thought to be exploitable.

  mancha mancha1@zoho.com

Changes between 1.0.1f and 1.0.1g [7 Apr 2014]

• A missing bounds check in the handling of the TLS heartbeat extension can be used to reveal up to 64k of memory to a connected client or server.

  Thanks for Neel Mehta of Google Security for discovering this bug and to Adam Langley agl@chromium.org and Bodo Moeller bmoeller@acm.org for preparing the fix (CVE-2014-0160)

  Adam Langley, Bodo Moeller

• Fix for the attack described in the paper "Recovering OpenSSL ECDSA Nonces Using the FLUSH+RELOAD Cache Side-channel Attack" by Yuval Yarom and Naomi Benger. Details can be obtained from: http://eprint.iacr.org/2014/140

  Thanks to Yuval Yarom and Naomi Benger for discovering this flaw and to Yuval Yarom for supplying a fix (CVE-2014-0076)

  Yuval Yarom and Naomi Benger

• TLS pad extension: draft-agl-tls-padding-03

  Workaround for the "TLS hang bug" (see FAQ and PR#2771): if the TLS client Hello record length value would otherwise be > 255 and less that 512 pad with a dummy extension containing zeroes so it is at least 512 bytes long.

  Adam Langley, Steve Henson

Changes between 1.0.1e and 1.0.1f [6 Jan 2014]

• Fix for TLS record tampering bug. A carefully crafted invalid handshake could crash OpenSSL with a NULL pointer exception. Thanks to Anton Johansson for reporting this issues. (CVE-2013-4353)

• Keep original DTLS digest and encryption contexts in retransmission structures so we can use the previous session parameters if they need to be resent. (CVE-2013-6450)

  Steve Henson

• Add option SSL_OP_SAFARI_ECDHE_ECDSA_BUG (part of SSL_OP_ALL) which avoids preferring ECDHE-ECDSA ciphers when the client appears to be Safari on OS X. Safari on OS X 10.8..10.8.3 advertises support for several ECDHE-ECDSA ciphers, but fails to negotiate them. The bug is fixed in OS X 10.8.4, but Apple have ruled out both hot fixing 10.8..10.8.3 and forcing users to upgrade to 10.8.4 or newer.

  Rob Stradling, Adam Langley

Changes between 1.0.1d and 1.0.1e [11 Feb 2013]

• Correct fix for CVE-2013-0169. The original didn't work on AES-NI supporting platforms or when small records were transferred.

  Andy Polyakov, Steve Henson

Changes between 1.0.1c and 1.0.1d [5 Feb 2013]

• Make the decoding of SSLv3, TLS and DTLS CBC records constant time.

  This addresses the flaw in CBC record processing discovered by Nadhem Alfardan and Kenny Paterson. Details of this attack can be found at: http://www.isg.rhul.ac.uk/tls/

  Thanks go to Nadhem Alfardan and Kenny Paterson of the Information Security Group at Royal Holloway, University of London (www.isg.rhul.ac.uk) for discovering this flaw and Adam Langley and Emilia Käsper for the initial patch. (CVE-2013-0169)

  Emilia Käsper, Adam Langley, Ben Laurie, Andy Polyakov, Steve Henson

• Fix flaw in AESNI handling of TLS 1.2 and 1.1 records for CBC mode ciphersuites which can be exploited in a denial of service attack. Thanks go to and to Adam Langley agl@chromium.org for discovering and detecting this bug and to Wolfgang Ettlinger wolfgang.ettlinger@gmail.com for independently discovering this issue. (CVE-2012-2686)

  Adam Langley

• Return an error when checking OCSP signatures when key is NULL. This fixes a DoS attack. (CVE-2013-0166)

  Steve Henson

• Make openssl verify return errors.

  Chris Palmer palmer@google.com and Ben Laurie

• Call OCSP Stapling callback after ciphersuite has been chosen, so the right response is stapled. Also change SSL_get_certificate() so it returns the certificate actually sent. See http://rt.openssl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=2836.

  Rob Stradling rob.stradling@comodo.com

• Fix possible deadlock when decoding public keys.

  Steve Henson

• Don't use TLS 1.0 record version number in initial client hello if renegotiating.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 1.0.1b and 1.0.1c [10 May 2012]

• Sanity check record length before skipping explicit IV in TLS 1.2, 1.1 and DTLS to fix DoS attack.

  Thanks to Codenomicon for discovering this issue using Fuzz-o-Matic fuzzing as a service testing platform. (CVE-2012-2333)

  Steve Henson

• Initialise tkeylen properly when encrypting CMS messages. Thanks to Solar Designer of Openwall for reporting this issue.

  Steve Henson

• In FIPS mode don't try to use composite ciphers as they are not approved.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 1.0.1a and 1.0.1b [26 Apr 2012]

• OpenSSL 1.0.0 sets SSL_OP_ALL to 0x80000FFFL and OpenSSL 1.0.1 and 1.0.1a set SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1 to 0x00000400L which would unfortunately mean any application compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.0 headers setting SSL_OP_ALL would also set SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1, unintentionally disabling TLS 1.1 also. Fix this by changing the value of SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1 to 0x10000000L Any application which was previously compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.1 or 1.0.1a headers and which cares about SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1 will need to be recompiled as a result. Letting be results in inability to disable specifically TLS 1.1 and in client context, in unlike event, limit maximum offered version to TLS 1.0 [see below].

  Steve Henson

• In order to ensure interoperability SSL_OP_NO_protocolX does not disable just protocol X, but all protocols above X if there are protocols below X still enabled. In more practical terms it means that if application wants to disable TLS1.0 in favor of TLS1.1 and above, it's not sufficient to pass SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1, one has to pass SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1|SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3|SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2. This applies to client side.

  Andy Polyakov

Changes between 1.0.1 and 1.0.1a [19 Apr 2012]

• Check for potentially exploitable overflows in asn1_d2i_read_bio BUF_mem_grow and BUF_mem_grow_clean. Refuse attempts to shrink buffer in CRYPTO_realloc_clean.

  Thanks to Tavis Ormandy, Google Security Team, for discovering this issue and to Adam Langley agl@chromium.org for fixing it. (CVE-2012-2110)

  Adam Langley (Google), Tavis Ormandy, Google Security Team

• Don't allow TLS 1.2 SHA-256 ciphersuites in TLS 1.0, 1.1 connections.

  Adam Langley

• Workarounds for some broken servers that "hang" if a client hello record length exceeds 255 bytes.

  1. Do not use record version number > TLS 1.0 in initial client hello: some (but not all) hanging servers will now work.
  2. If we set OPENSSL_MAX_TLS1_2_CIPHER_LENGTH this will truncate the number of ciphers sent in the client hello. This should be set to an even number, such as 50, for example by passing: -DOPENSSL_MAX_TLS1_2_CIPHER_LENGTH=50 to config or Configure. Most broken servers should now work.
  3. If all else fails setting OPENSSL_NO_TLS1_2_CLIENT will disable TLS 1.2 client support entirely.

  Steve Henson

• Fix SEGV in Vector Permutation AES module observed in OpenSSH.

  Andy Polyakov

Changes between 1.0.0h and 1.0.1 [14 Mar 2012]

• Add compatibility with old MDC2 signatures which use an ASN1 OCTET STRING form instead of a DigestInfo.

  Steve Henson

• The format used for MDC2 RSA signatures is inconsistent between EVP and the RSA_sign/RSA_verify functions. This was made more apparent when OpenSSL used RSA_sign/RSA_verify for some RSA signatures in particular those which went through EVP_PKEY_METHOD in 1.0.0 and later. Detect the correct format in RSA_verify so both forms transparently work.

  Steve Henson

• Some servers which support TLS 1.0 can choke if we initially indicate support for TLS 1.2 and later renegotiate using TLS 1.0 in the RSA encrypted premaster secret. As a workaround use the maximum permitted client version in client hello, this should keep such servers happy and still work with previous versions of OpenSSL.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for TLS/DTLS heartbeats.

  Robin Seggelmann seggelmann@fh-muenster.de

• Add support for SCTP.

  Robin Seggelmann seggelmann@fh-muenster.de

• Improved PRNG seeding for VOS.

  Paul Green Paul.Green@stratus.com

• Extensive assembler packs updates, most notably:

  • x86[_64]: AES-NI, PCLMULQDQ, RDRAND support;
  • x86[_64]: SSSE3 support (SHA1, vector-permutation AES);
  • x86_64: bit-sliced AES implementation;
  • ARM: NEON support, contemporary platforms optimizations;
  • s390x: z196 support;
  • *: GHASH and GF(2^m) multiplication implementations;

  Andy Polyakov

• Make TLS-SRP code conformant with RFC 5054 API cleanup (removal of unnecessary code)

  Peter Sylvester peter.sylvester@edelweb.fr

• Add TLS key material exporter from RFC 5705.

  Eric Rescorla

• Add DTLS-SRTP negotiation from RFC 5764.

  Eric Rescorla

• Add Next Protocol Negotiation, http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-nextprotoneg-00. Can be disabled with a no-npn flag to config or Configure. Code donated by Google.

  Adam Langley agl@google.com and Ben Laurie

• Add optional 64-bit optimized implementations of elliptic curves NIST-P224, NIST-P256, NIST-P521, with constant-time single point multiplication on typical inputs. Compiler support for the nonstandard type __uint128_t is required to use this (present in gcc 4.4 and later, for 64-bit builds). Code made available under Apache License version 2.0.

  Specify "enable-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128" on the Configure (or config) command line to include this in your build of OpenSSL, and run "make depend" (or "make update"). This enables the following EC_METHODs:

      EC_GFp_nistp224_method()
      EC_GFp_nistp256_method()
      EC_GFp_nistp521_method()
  

  EC_GROUP_new_by_curve_name() will automatically use these (while EC_GROUP_new_curve_GFp() currently prefers the more flexible implementations).

  Emilia Käsper, Adam Langley, Bodo Moeller (Google)

• Use type ossl_ssize_t instead of ssize_t which isn't available on all platforms. Move ssize_t definition from e_os.h to the public header file e_os2.h as it now appears in public header file cms.h

  Steve Henson

• New -sigopt option to the ca, req and x509 utilities. Additional signature parameters can be passed using this option and in particular PSS.

  Steve Henson

• Add RSA PSS signing function. This will generate and set the appropriate AlgorithmIdentifiers for PSS based on those in the corresponding EVP_MD_CTX structure. No application support yet.

  Steve Henson

• Support for companion algorithm specific ASN1 signing routines. New function ASN1_item_sign_ctx() signs a pre-initialised EVP_MD_CTX structure and sets AlgorithmIdentifiers based on the appropriate parameters.

  Steve Henson

• Add new algorithm specific ASN1 verification initialisation function to EVP_PKEY_ASN1_METHOD: this is not in EVP_PKEY_METHOD since the ASN1 handling will be the same no matter what EVP_PKEY_METHOD is used. Add a PSS handler to support verification of PSS signatures: checked against a number of sample certificates.

  Steve Henson

• Add signature printing for PSS. Add PSS OIDs.

  Steve Henson, Martin Kaiser lists@kaiser.cx

• Add algorithm specific signature printing. An individual ASN1 method can now print out signatures instead of the standard hex dump.

  More complex signatures (e.g. PSS) can print out more meaningful information. Include DSA version that prints out the signature parameters r, s.

  Steve Henson

• Password based recipient info support for CMS library: implementing RFC3211.

  Steve Henson

• Split password based encryption into PBES2 and PBKDF2 functions. This neatly separates the code into cipher and PBE sections and is required for some algorithms that split PBES2 into separate pieces (such as password based CMS).

  Steve Henson

• Session-handling fixes:

  • Fix handling of connections that are resuming with a session ID, but also support Session Tickets.
  • Fix a bug that suppressed issuing of a new ticket if the client presented a ticket with an expired session.
  • Try to set the ticket lifetime hint to something reasonable.
  • Make tickets shorter by excluding irrelevant information.
  • On the client side, don't ignore renewed tickets.

  Adam Langley, Bodo Moeller (Google)

• Fix PSK session representation.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add RC4-MD5 and AESNI-SHA1 "stitched" implementations.

  This work was sponsored by Intel.

  Andy Polyakov

• Add GCM support to TLS library. Some custom code is needed to split the IV between the fixed (from PRF) and explicit (from TLS record) portions. This adds all GCM ciphersuites supported by RFC5288 and RFC5289. Generalise some AES* cipherstrings to include GCM and add a special AESGCM string for GCM only.

  Steve Henson

• Expand range of ctrls for AES GCM. Permit setting invocation field on decrypt and retrieval of invocation field only on encrypt.

  Steve Henson

• Add HMAC ECC ciphersuites from RFC5289. Include SHA384 PRF support. As required by RFC5289 these ciphersuites cannot be used if for versions of TLS earlier than 1.2.

  Steve Henson

• For FIPS capable OpenSSL interpret a NULL default public key method as unset and return the appropriate default but do not set the default. This means we can return the appropriate method in applications that switch between FIPS and non-FIPS modes.

  Steve Henson

• Redirect HMAC and CMAC operations to FIPS module in FIPS mode. If an ENGINE is used then we cannot handle that in the FIPS module so we keep original code iff non-FIPS operations are allowed.

  Steve Henson

• Add -attime option to openssl utilities.

  Peter Eckersley pde@eff.org, Ben Laurie and Steve Henson

• Redirect DSA and DH operations to FIPS module in FIPS mode.

  Steve Henson

• Redirect ECDSA and ECDH operations to FIPS module in FIPS mode. Also use FIPS EC methods unconditionally for now.

  Steve Henson

• New build option no-ec2m to disable characteristic 2 code.

  Steve Henson

• Backport libcrypto audit of return value checking from 1.1.0-dev; not all cases can be covered as some introduce binary incompatibilities.

  Steve Henson

• Redirect RSA operations to FIPS module including keygen, encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify. Block use of non FIPS RSA methods.

  Steve Henson

• Add similar low-level API blocking to ciphers.

  Steve Henson

• low-level digest APIs are not approved in FIPS mode: any attempt to use these will cause a fatal error. Applications that really want to use them can use the private_* version instead.

  Steve Henson

• Redirect cipher operations to FIPS module for FIPS builds.

  Steve Henson

• Redirect digest operations to FIPS module for FIPS builds.

  Steve Henson

• Update build system to add "fips" flag which will link in fipscanister.o for static and shared library builds embedding a signature if needed.

  Steve Henson

• Output TLS supported curves in preference order instead of numerical order. This is currently hardcoded for the highest order curves first. This should be configurable so applications can judge speed vs strength.

  Steve Henson

• Add TLS v1.2 server support for client authentication.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for FIPS mode in ssl library: disable SSLv3, non-FIPS ciphers and enable MD5.

  Steve Henson

• Functions FIPS_mode_set() and FIPS_mode() which call the underlying FIPS modules versions.

  Steve Henson

• Add TLS v1.2 client side support for client authentication. Keep cache of handshake records longer as we don't know the hash algorithm to use until after the certificate request message is received.

  Steve Henson

• Initial TLS v1.2 client support. Add a default signature algorithms extension including all the algorithms we support. Parse new signature format in client key exchange. Relax some ECC signing restrictions for TLS v1.2 as indicated in RFC5246.

  Steve Henson

• Add server support for TLS v1.2 signature algorithms extension. Switch to new signature format when needed using client digest preference. All server ciphersuites should now work correctly in TLS v1.2. No client support yet and no support for client certificates.

  Steve Henson

• Initial TLS v1.2 support. Add new SHA256 digest to ssl code, switch to SHA256 for PRF when using TLS v1.2 and later. Add new SHA256 based ciphersuites. At present only RSA key exchange ciphersuites work with TLS v1.2. Add new option for TLS v1.2 replacing the old and obsolete SSL_OP_PKCS1_CHECK flags with SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2. New TLSv1.2 methods and version checking.

  Steve Henson

• New option OPENSSL_NO_SSL_INTERN. If an application can be compiled with this defined it will not be affected by any changes to ssl internal structures. Add several utility functions to allow openssl application to work with OPENSSL_NO_SSL_INTERN defined.

  Steve Henson

• A long standing patch to add support for SRP from EdelWeb (Peter Sylvester and Christophe Renou) was integrated. Christophe Renou christophe.renou@edelweb.fr, Peter Sylvester peter.sylvester@edelweb.fr, Tom Wu tjw@cs.stanford.edu, and Ben Laurie

• Add functions to copy EVP_PKEY_METHOD and retrieve flags and id.

  Steve Henson

• Permit abbreviated handshakes when renegotiating using the function SSL_renegotiate_abbreviated().

  Robin Seggelmann seggelmann@fh-muenster.de

• Add call to ENGINE_register_all_complete() to ENGINE_load_builtin_engines(), so some implementations get used automatically instead of needing explicit application support.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for TLS key exporter as described in RFC5705.

  Robin Seggelmann seggelmann@fh-muenster.de, Steve Henson

• Initial TLSv1.1 support. Since TLSv1.1 is very similar to TLS v1.0 only a few changes are required:

  Add SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1 flag. Add TLSv1_1 methods. Update version checking logic to handle version 1.1. Add explicit IV handling (ported from DTLS code). Add command line options to s_client/s_server.

  Steve Henson

OpenSSL 1.0.0

Changes between 1.0.0s and 1.0.0t [3 Dec 2015]

• X509_ATTRIBUTE memory leak

  When presented with a malformed X509_ATTRIBUTE structure OpenSSL will leak memory. This structure is used by the PKCS#7 and CMS routines so any application which reads PKCS#7 or CMS data from untrusted sources is affected. SSL/TLS is not affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Adam Langley (Google/BoringSSL) using libFuzzer. (CVE-2015-3195)

  Stephen Henson

• Race condition handling PSK identify hint

  If PSK identity hints are received by a multi-threaded client then the values are wrongly updated in the parent SSL_CTX structure. This can result in a race condition potentially leading to a double free of the identify hint data. (CVE-2015-3196)

  Stephen Henson

Changes between 1.0.0r and 1.0.0s [11 Jun 2015]

• Malformed ECParameters causes infinite loop

  When processing an ECParameters structure OpenSSL enters an infinite loop if the curve specified is over a specially malformed binary polynomial field.

  This can be used to perform denial of service against any system which processes public keys, certificate requests or certificates. This includes TLS clients and TLS servers with client authentication enabled.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Joseph Barr-Pixton. (CVE-2015-1788)

  Andy Polyakov

• Exploitable out-of-bounds read in X509_cmp_time

  X509_cmp_time does not properly check the length of the ASN1_TIME string and can read a few bytes out of bounds. In addition, X509_cmp_time accepts an arbitrary number of fractional seconds in the time string.

  An attacker can use this to craft malformed certificates and CRLs of various sizes and potentially cause a segmentation fault, resulting in a DoS on applications that verify certificates or CRLs. TLS clients that verify CRLs are affected. TLS clients and servers with client authentication enabled may be affected if they use custom verification callbacks.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Robert Swiecki (Google), and independently by Hanno Böck. (CVE-2015-1789)

  Emilia Käsper

• PKCS7 crash with missing EnvelopedContent

  The PKCS#7 parsing code does not handle missing inner EncryptedContent correctly. An attacker can craft malformed ASN.1-encoded PKCS#7 blobs with missing content and trigger a NULL pointer dereference on parsing.

  Applications that decrypt PKCS#7 data or otherwise parse PKCS#7 structures from untrusted sources are affected. OpenSSL clients and servers are not affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Michal Zalewski (Google). (CVE-2015-1790)

  Emilia Käsper

• CMS verify infinite loop with unknown hash function

  When verifying a signedData message the CMS code can enter an infinite loop if presented with an unknown hash function OID. This can be used to perform denial of service against any system which verifies signedData messages using the CMS code. This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Johannes Bauer. (CVE-2015-1792)

  Stephen Henson

• Race condition handling NewSessionTicket

  If a NewSessionTicket is received by a multi-threaded client when attempting to reuse a previous ticket then a race condition can occur potentially leading to a double free of the ticket data. (CVE-2015-1791)

  Matt Caswell

Changes between 1.0.0q and 1.0.0r [19 Mar 2015]

• Segmentation fault in ASN1_TYPE_cmp fix

  The function ASN1_TYPE_cmp will crash with an invalid read if an attempt is made to compare ASN.1 boolean types. Since ASN1_TYPE_cmp is used to check certificate signature algorithm consistency this can be used to crash any certificate verification operation and exploited in a DoS attack. Any application which performs certificate verification is vulnerable including OpenSSL clients and servers which enable client authentication. (CVE-2015-0286)

  Stephen Henson

• ASN.1 structure reuse memory corruption fix

  Reusing a structure in ASN.1 parsing may allow an attacker to cause memory corruption via an invalid write. Such reuse is and has been strongly discouraged and is believed to be rare.

  Applications that parse structures containing CHOICE or ANY DEFINED BY components may be affected. Certificate parsing (d2i_X509 and related functions) are however not affected. OpenSSL clients and servers are not affected. (CVE-2015-0287)

  Stephen Henson

• PKCS7 NULL pointer dereferences fix

  The PKCS#7 parsing code does not handle missing outer ContentInfo correctly. An attacker can craft malformed ASN.1-encoded PKCS#7 blobs with missing content and trigger a NULL pointer dereference on parsing.

  Applications that verify PKCS#7 signatures, decrypt PKCS#7 data or otherwise parse PKCS#7 structures from untrusted sources are affected. OpenSSL clients and servers are not affected.

  This issue was reported to OpenSSL by Michal Zalewski (Google). (CVE-2015-0289)

  Emilia Käsper

• DoS via reachable assert in SSLv2 servers fix

  A malicious client can trigger an OPENSSL_assert (i.e., an abort) in servers that both support SSLv2 and enable export cipher suites by sending a specially crafted SSLv2 CLIENT-MASTER-KEY message.

  This issue was discovered by Sean Burford (Google) and Emilia Käsper (OpenSSL development team). (CVE-2015-0293)

  Emilia Käsper

• Use After Free following d2i_ECPrivatekey error fix

  A malformed EC private key file consumed via the d2i_ECPrivateKey function could cause a use after free condition. This, in turn, could cause a double free in several private key parsing functions (such as d2i_PrivateKey or EVP_PKCS82PKEY) and could lead to a DoS attack or memory corruption for applications that receive EC private keys from untrusted sources. This scenario is considered rare.

  This issue was discovered by the BoringSSL project and fixed in their commit 517073cd4b. (CVE-2015-0209)

  Matt Caswell

• X509_to_X509_REQ NULL pointer deref fix

  The function X509_to_X509_REQ will crash with a NULL pointer dereference if the certificate key is invalid. This function is rarely used in practice.

  This issue was discovered by Brian Carpenter. (CVE-2015-0288)

  Stephen Henson

• Removed the export ciphers from the DEFAULT ciphers

  Kurt Roeckx

Changes between 1.0.0p and 1.0.0q [15 Jan 2015]

• Build fixes for the Windows and OpenVMS platforms

  Matt Caswell and Richard Levitte

Changes between 1.0.0o and 1.0.0p [8 Jan 2015]

• Fix DTLS segmentation fault in dtls1_get_record. A carefully crafted DTLS message can cause a segmentation fault in OpenSSL due to a NULL pointer dereference. This could lead to a Denial Of Service attack. Thanks to Markus Stenberg of Cisco Systems, Inc. for reporting this issue. (CVE-2014-3571)

  Steve Henson

• Fix DTLS memory leak in dtls1_buffer_record. A memory leak can occur in the dtls1_buffer_record function under certain conditions. In particular this could occur if an attacker sent repeated DTLS records with the same sequence number but for the next epoch. The memory leak could be exploited by an attacker in a Denial of Service attack through memory exhaustion. Thanks to Chris Mueller for reporting this issue. (CVE-2015-0206)

  Matt Caswell

• Fix issue where no-ssl3 configuration sets method to NULL. When openssl is built with the no-ssl3 option and a SSL v3 ClientHello is received the ssl method would be set to NULL which could later result in a NULL pointer dereference. Thanks to Frank Schmirler for reporting this issue. (CVE-2014-3569)

  Kurt Roeckx

• Abort handshake if server key exchange message is omitted for ephemeral ECDH ciphersuites.

  Thanks to Karthikeyan Bhargavan of the PROSECCO team at INRIA for reporting this issue. (CVE-2014-3572)

  Steve Henson

• Remove non-export ephemeral RSA code on client and server. This code violated the TLS standard by allowing the use of temporary RSA keys in non-export ciphersuites and could be used by a server to effectively downgrade the RSA key length used to a value smaller than the server certificate. Thanks for Karthikeyan Bhargavan of the PROSECCO team at INRIA or reporting this issue. (CVE-2015-0204)

  Steve Henson

• Fixed issue where DH client certificates are accepted without verification. An OpenSSL server will accept a DH certificate for client authentication without the certificate verify message. This effectively allows a client to authenticate without the use of a private key. This only affects servers which trust a client certificate authority which issues certificates containing DH keys: these are extremely rare and hardly ever encountered. Thanks for Karthikeyan Bhargavan of the PROSECCO team at INRIA or reporting this issue. (CVE-2015-0205)

  Steve Henson

• Correct Bignum squaring. Bignum squaring (BN_sqr) may produce incorrect results on some platforms, including x86_64. This bug occurs at random with a very low probability, and is not known to be exploitable in any way, though its exact impact is difficult to determine. Thanks to Pieter Wuille (Blockstream) who reported this issue and also suggested an initial fix. Further analysis was conducted by the OpenSSL development team and Adam Langley of Google. The final fix was developed by Andy Polyakov of the OpenSSL core team. (CVE-2014-3570)

  Andy Polyakov

• Fix various certificate fingerprint issues.

  By using non-DER or invalid encodings outside the signed portion of a certificate the fingerprint can be changed without breaking the signature. Although no details of the signed portion of the certificate can be changed this can cause problems with some applications: e.g. those using the certificate fingerprint for blacklists.

  1. Reject signatures with non zero unused bits.

  If the BIT STRING containing the signature has non zero unused bits reject the signature. All current signature algorithms require zero unused bits.

  2. Check certificate algorithm consistency.

  Check the AlgorithmIdentifier inside TBS matches the one in the certificate signature. NB: this will result in signature failure errors for some broken certificates.

  Thanks to Konrad Kraszewski from Google for reporting this issue.

  3. Check DSA/ECDSA signatures use DER.

  Re-encode DSA/ECDSA signatures and compare with the original received signature. Return an error if there is a mismatch.

  This will reject various cases including garbage after signature (thanks to Antti Karjalainen and Tuomo Untinen from the Codenomicon CROSS program for discovering this case) and use of BER or invalid ASN.1 INTEGERs (negative or with leading zeroes).

  Further analysis was conducted and fixes were developed by Stephen Henson of the OpenSSL core team.

  (CVE-2014-8275)

  Steve Henson

Changes between 1.0.0n and 1.0.0o [15 Oct 2014]

• Session Ticket Memory Leak.

  When an OpenSSL SSL/TLS/DTLS server receives a session ticket the integrity of that ticket is first verified. In the event of a session ticket integrity check failing, OpenSSL will fail to free memory causing a memory leak. By sending a large number of invalid session tickets an attacker could exploit this issue in a Denial Of Service attack. (CVE-2014-3567)

  Steve Henson

• Build option no-ssl3 is incomplete.

  When OpenSSL is configured with "no-ssl3" as a build option, servers could accept and complete an SSL 3.0 handshake, and clients could be configured to send them. (CVE-2014-3568)

  Akamai and the OpenSSL team

• Add support for TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV. Client applications doing fallback retries should call SSL_set_mode(s, SSL_MODE_SEND_FALLBACK_SCSV). (CVE-2014-3566)

  Adam Langley, Bodo Moeller

• Add additional DigestInfo checks.

  Re-encode DigestInto in DER and check against the original when verifying RSA signature: this will reject any improperly encoded DigestInfo structures.

  Note: this is a precautionary measure and no attacks are currently known.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 1.0.0m and 1.0.0n [6 Aug 2014]

• OpenSSL DTLS clients enabling anonymous (EC)DH ciphersuites are subject to a denial of service attack. A malicious server can crash the client with a null pointer dereference (read) by specifying an anonymous (EC)DH ciphersuite and sending carefully crafted handshake messages.

  Thanks to Felix Gröbert (Google) for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-3510)

  Emilia Käsper

• By sending carefully crafted DTLS packets an attacker could cause openssl to leak memory. This can be exploited through a Denial of Service attack. Thanks to Adam Langley for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-3507)

  Adam Langley

• An attacker can force openssl to consume large amounts of memory whilst processing DTLS handshake messages. This can be exploited through a Denial of Service attack. Thanks to Adam Langley for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-3506)

  Adam Langley

• An attacker can force an error condition which causes openssl to crash whilst processing DTLS packets due to memory being freed twice. This can be exploited through a Denial of Service attack. Thanks to Adam Langley and Wan-Teh Chang for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-3505)

  Adam Langley

• If a multithreaded client connects to a malicious server using a resumed session and the server sends an ec point format extension it could write up to 255 bytes to freed memory.

  Thanks to Gabor Tyukasz (LogMeIn Inc) for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-3509)

  Gabor Tyukasz

• A flaw in OBJ_obj2txt may cause pretty printing functions such as X509_name_oneline, X509_name_print_ex et al. to leak some information from the stack. Applications may be affected if they echo pretty printing output to the attacker.

  Thanks to Ivan Fratric (Google) for discovering this issue. (CVE-2014-3508)

  Emilia Käsper, and Steve Henson

• Fix ec_GFp_simple_points_make_affine (thus, EC_POINTs_mul etc.) for corner cases. (Certain input points at infinity could lead to bogus results, with non-infinity inputs mapped to infinity too.)

  Bodo Moeller

Changes between 1.0.0l and 1.0.0m [5 Jun 2014]

• Fix for SSL/TLS MITM flaw. An attacker using a carefully crafted handshake can force the use of weak keying material in OpenSSL SSL/TLS clients and servers.

  Thanks to KIKUCHI Masashi (Lepidum Co. Ltd.) for discovering and researching this issue. (CVE-2014-0224)

  KIKUCHI Masashi, Steve Henson

• Fix DTLS recursion flaw. By sending an invalid DTLS handshake to an OpenSSL DTLS client the code can be made to recurse eventually crashing in a DoS attack.

  Thanks to Imre Rad (Search-Lab Ltd.) for discovering this issue. (CVE-2014-0221)

  Imre Rad, Steve Henson

• Fix DTLS invalid fragment vulnerability. A buffer overrun attack can be triggered by sending invalid DTLS fragments to an OpenSSL DTLS client or server. This is potentially exploitable to run arbitrary code on a vulnerable client or server.

  Thanks to Jüri Aedla for reporting this issue. (CVE-2014-0195)

  Jüri Aedla, Steve Henson

• Fix bug in TLS code where clients enable anonymous ECDH ciphersuites are subject to a denial of service attack.

  Thanks to Felix Gröbert and Ivan Fratric at Google for discovering this issue. (CVE-2014-3470)

  Felix Gröbert, Ivan Fratric, Steve Henson

• Harmonize version and its documentation. -f flag is used to display compilation flags.

  mancha mancha1@zoho.com

• Fix eckey_priv_encode so it immediately returns an error upon a failure in i2d_ECPrivateKey.

  mancha mancha1@zoho.com

• Fix some double frees. These are not thought to be exploitable.

  mancha mancha1@zoho.com

• Fix for the attack described in the paper "Recovering OpenSSL ECDSA Nonces Using the FLUSH+RELOAD Cache Side-channel Attack" by Yuval Yarom and Naomi Benger. Details can be obtained from: http://eprint.iacr.org/2014/140

  Thanks to Yuval Yarom and Naomi Benger for discovering this flaw and to Yuval Yarom for supplying a fix (CVE-2014-0076)

  Yuval Yarom and Naomi Benger

Changes between 1.0.0k and 1.0.0l [6 Jan 2014]

• Keep original DTLS digest and encryption contexts in retransmission structures so we can use the previous session parameters if they need to be resent. (CVE-2013-6450)

  Steve Henson

• Add option SSL_OP_SAFARI_ECDHE_ECDSA_BUG (part of SSL_OP_ALL) which avoids preferring ECDHE-ECDSA ciphers when the client appears to be Safari on OS X. Safari on OS X 10.8..10.8.3 advertises support for several ECDHE-ECDSA ciphers, but fails to negotiate them. The bug is fixed in OS X 10.8.4, but Apple have ruled out both hot fixing 10.8..10.8.3 and forcing users to upgrade to 10.8.4 or newer.

  Rob Stradling, Adam Langley

Changes between 1.0.0j and 1.0.0k [5 Feb 2013]

• Make the decoding of SSLv3, TLS and DTLS CBC records constant time.

  This addresses the flaw in CBC record processing discovered by Nadhem Alfardan and Kenny Paterson. Details of this attack can be found at: http://www.isg.rhul.ac.uk/tls/

  Thanks go to Nadhem Alfardan and Kenny Paterson of the Information Security Group at Royal Holloway, University of London (www.isg.rhul.ac.uk) for discovering this flaw and Adam Langley and Emilia Käsper for the initial patch. (CVE-2013-0169)

  Emilia Käsper, Adam Langley, Ben Laurie, Andy Polyakov, Steve Henson

• Return an error when checking OCSP signatures when key is NULL. This fixes a DoS attack. (CVE-2013-0166)

  Steve Henson

• Call OCSP Stapling callback after ciphersuite has been chosen, so the right response is stapled. Also change SSL_get_certificate() so it returns the certificate actually sent. See http://rt.openssl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=2836. (This is a backport)

  Rob Stradling rob.stradling@comodo.com

• Fix possible deadlock when decoding public keys.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 1.0.0i and 1.0.0j [10 May 2012]

[NB: OpenSSL 1.0.0i and later 1.0.0 patch levels were released after OpenSSL 1.0.1.]

• Sanity check record length before skipping explicit IV in DTLS to fix DoS attack.

  Thanks to Codenomicon for discovering this issue using Fuzz-o-Matic fuzzing as a service testing platform. (CVE-2012-2333)

  Steve Henson

• Initialise tkeylen properly when encrypting CMS messages. Thanks to Solar Designer of Openwall for reporting this issue.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 1.0.0h and 1.0.0i [19 Apr 2012]

• Check for potentially exploitable overflows in asn1_d2i_read_bio BUF_mem_grow and BUF_mem_grow_clean. Refuse attempts to shrink buffer in CRYPTO_realloc_clean.

  Thanks to Tavis Ormandy, Google Security Team, for discovering this issue and to Adam Langley agl@chromium.org for fixing it. (CVE-2012-2110)

  Adam Langley (Google), Tavis Ormandy, Google Security Team

Changes between 1.0.0g and 1.0.0h [12 Mar 2012]

• Fix MMA (Bleichenbacher's attack on PKCS #1 v1.5 RSA padding) weakness in CMS and PKCS7 code. When RSA decryption fails use a random key for content decryption and always return the same error. Note: this attack needs on average 2^20 messages so it only affects automated senders. The old behaviour can be re-enabled in the CMS code by setting the CMS_DEBUG_DECRYPT flag: this is useful for debugging and testing where an MMA defence is not necessary. Thanks to Ivan Nestlerode inestlerode@us.ibm.com for discovering this issue. (CVE-2012-0884)

  Steve Henson

• Fix CVE-2011-4619: make sure we really are receiving a client hello before rejecting multiple SGC restarts. Thanks to Ivan Nestlerode inestlerode@us.ibm.com for discovering this bug.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 1.0.0f and 1.0.0g [18 Jan 2012]

• Fix for DTLS DoS issue introduced by fix for CVE-2011-4109. Thanks to Antonio Martin, Enterprise Secure Access Research and Development, Cisco Systems, Inc. for discovering this bug and preparing a fix. (CVE-2012-0050)

  Antonio Martin

Changes between 1.0.0e and 1.0.0f [4 Jan 2012]

• Nadhem Alfardan and Kenny Paterson have discovered an extension of the Vaudenay padding oracle attack on CBC mode encryption which enables an efficient plaintext recovery attack against the OpenSSL implementation of DTLS. Their attack exploits timing differences arising during decryption processing. A research paper describing this attack can be found at: http://www.isg.rhul.ac.uk/~kp/dtls.pdf Thanks go to Nadhem Alfardan and Kenny Paterson of the Information Security Group at Royal Holloway, University of London (www.isg.rhul.ac.uk) for discovering this flaw and to Robin Seggelmann seggelmann@fh-muenster.de and Michael Tuexen tuexen@fh-muenster.de for preparing the fix. (CVE-2011-4108)

  Robin Seggelmann, Michael Tuexen

• Clear bytes used for block padding of SSL 3.0 records. (CVE-2011-4576)

  Adam Langley (Google)

• Only allow one SGC handshake restart for SSL/TLS. Thanks to George Kadianakis desnacked@gmail.com for discovering this issue and Adam Langley for preparing the fix. (CVE-2011-4619)

  Adam Langley (Google)

• Check parameters are not NULL in GOST ENGINE. (CVE-2012-0027)

  Andrey Kulikov amdeich@gmail.com

• Prevent malformed RFC3779 data triggering an assertion failure. Thanks to Andrew Chi, BBN Technologies, for discovering the flaw and Rob Austein sra@hactrn.net for fixing it. (CVE-2011-4577)

  Rob Austein sra@hactrn.net

• Improved PRNG seeding for VOS.

  Paul Green Paul.Green@stratus.com

• Fix ssl_ciph.c set-up race.

  Adam Langley (Google)

• Fix spurious failures in ecdsatest.c.

  Emilia Käsper (Google)

• Fix the BIO_f_buffer() implementation (which was mixing different interpretations of the ..._len fields).

  Adam Langley (Google)

• Fix handling of BN_BLINDING: now BN_BLINDING_invert_ex (rather than BN_BLINDING_invert_ex) calls BN_BLINDING_update, ensuring that concurrent threads won't reuse the same blinding coefficients.

  This also avoids the need to obtain the CRYPTO_LOCK_RSA_BLINDING lock to call BN_BLINDING_invert_ex, and avoids one use of BN_BLINDING_update for each BN_BLINDING structure (previously, the last update always remained unused).

  Emilia Käsper (Google)

• In ssl3_clear, preserve s3->init_extra along with s3->rbuf.

  Bob Buckholz (Google)

Changes between 1.0.0d and 1.0.0e [6 Sep 2011]

• Fix bug where CRLs with nextUpdate in the past are sometimes accepted by initialising X509_STORE_CTX properly. (CVE-2011-3207)

  Kaspar Brand ossl@velox.ch

• Fix SSL memory handling for (EC)DH ciphersuites, in particular for multi-threaded use of ECDH. (CVE-2011-3210)

  Adam Langley (Google)

• Fix x509_name_ex_d2i memory leak on bad inputs.

  Bodo Moeller

• Remove hard coded ecdsaWithSHA1 signature tests in ssl code and check signature public key algorithm by using OID xref utilities instead. Before this you could only use some ECC ciphersuites with SHA1 only.

  Steve Henson

• Add protection against ECDSA timing attacks as mentioned in the paper by Billy Bob Brumley and Nicola Tuveri, see: http://eprint.iacr.org/2011/232.pdf

  Billy Bob Brumley and Nicola Tuveri

Changes between 1.0.0c and 1.0.0d [8 Feb 2011]

• Fix parsing of OCSP stapling ClientHello extension. CVE-2011-0014

  Neel Mehta, Adam Langley, Bodo Moeller (Google)

• Fix bug in string printing code: if any escaping is enabled we must escape the escape character (backslash) or the resulting string is ambiguous.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 1.0.0b and 1.0.0c [2 Dec 2010]

• Disable code workaround for ancient and obsolete Netscape browsers and servers: an attacker can use it in a ciphersuite downgrade attack. Thanks to Martin Rex for discovering this bug. CVE-2010-4180

  Steve Henson

• Fixed J-PAKE implementation error, originally discovered by Sebastien Martini, further info and confirmation from Stefan Arentz and Feng Hao. Note that this fix is a security fix. CVE-2010-4252

  Ben Laurie

Changes between 1.0.0a and 1.0.0b [16 Nov 2010]

• Fix extension code to avoid race conditions which can result in a buffer overrun vulnerability: resumed sessions must not be modified as they can be shared by multiple threads. CVE-2010-3864

  Steve Henson

• Fix WIN32 build system to correctly link an ENGINE directory into a DLL.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 1.0.0 and 1.0.0a [01 Jun 2010]

• Check return value of int_rsa_verify in pkey_rsa_verifyrecover (CVE-2010-1633)

  Steve Henson, Peter-Michael Hager hager@dortmund.net

Changes between 0.9.8n and 1.0.0 [29 Mar 2010]

• Add "missing" function EVP_CIPHER_CTX_copy(). This copies a cipher context. The operation can be customised via the ctrl mechanism in case ENGINEs want to include additional functionality.

  Steve Henson

• Tolerate yet another broken PKCS#8 key format: private key value negative.

  Steve Henson

• Add new -subject_hash_old and -issuer_hash_old options to x509 utility to output hashes compatible with older versions of OpenSSL.

  Willy Weisz weisz@vcpc.univie.ac.at

• Fix compression algorithm handling: if resuming a session use the compression algorithm of the resumed session instead of determining it from client hello again. Don't allow server to change algorithm.

  Steve Henson

• Add load_crls() function to commands tidying load_certs() too. Add option to verify utility to allow additional CRLs to be included.

  Steve Henson

• Update OCSP request code to permit adding custom headers to the request: some responders need this.

  Steve Henson

• The function EVP_PKEY_sign() returns <=0 on error: check return code correctly.

  Julia Lawall julia@diku.dk

• Update verify callback code in apps/s_cb.c and apps/verify.c, it needlessly dereferenced structures, used obsolete functions and didn't handle all updated verify codes correctly.

  Steve Henson

• Disable MD2 in the default configuration.

  Steve Henson

• In BIO_pop() and BIO_push() use the ctrl argument (which was NULL) to indicate the initial BIO being pushed or popped. This makes it possible to determine whether the BIO is the one explicitly called or as a result of the ctrl being passed down the chain. Fix BIO_pop() and SSL BIOs so it handles reference counts correctly and doesn't zero out the I/O bio when it is not being explicitly popped. WARNING: applications which included workarounds for the old buggy behaviour will need to be modified or they could free up already freed BIOs.

  Steve Henson

• Extend the uni2asc/asc2uni => OPENSSL_uni2asc/OPENSSL_asc2uni renaming to all platforms (within the 0.9.8 branch, this was done conditionally on Netware platforms to avoid a name clash).

  Guenter lists@gknw.net

• Add ECDHE and PSK support to DTLS.

  Michael Tuexen tuexen@fh-muenster.de

• Add CHECKED_STACK_OF macro to safestack.h, otherwise safestack can't be used on C++.

  Steve Henson

• Add "missing" function EVP_MD_flags() (without this the only way to retrieve a digest flags is by accessing the structure directly. Update EVP_MD_do_all*() and EVP_CIPHER_do_all*() to include the name a digest or cipher is registered as in the "from" argument. Print out all registered digests in the dgst usage message instead of manually attempting to work them out.

  Steve Henson

• If no SSLv2 ciphers are used don't use an SSLv2 compatible client hello: this allows the use of compression and extensions. Change default cipher string to remove SSLv2 ciphersuites. This effectively avoids ancient SSLv2 by default unless an application cipher string requests it.

  Steve Henson

• Alter match criteria in PKCS12_parse(). It used to try to use local key ids to find matching certificates and keys but some PKCS#12 files don't follow the (somewhat unwritten) rules and this strategy fails. Now just gather all certificates together and the first private key then look for the first certificate that matches the key.

  Steve Henson

• Support use of registered digest and cipher names for dgst and cipher commands instead of having to add each one as a special case. So now you can do:

      openssl sha256 foo
  

  as well as:

      openssl dgst -sha256 foo
  

  and this works for ENGINE based algorithms too.

  Steve Henson

• Update Gost ENGINE to support parameter files.

  Victor B. Wagner vitus@cryptocom.ru

• Support GeneralizedTime in ca utility.

  Oliver Martin oliver@volatilevoid.net, Steve Henson

• Enhance the hash format used for certificate directory links. The new form uses the canonical encoding (meaning equivalent names will work even if they aren't identical) and uses SHA1 instead of MD5. This form is incompatible with the older format and as a result c_rehash should be used to rebuild symbolic links.

  Steve Henson

• Make PKCS#8 the default write format for private keys, replacing the traditional format. This form is standardised, more secure and doesn't include an implicit MD5 dependency.

  Steve Henson

• Add a $gcc_devteam_warn option to Configure. The idea is that any code committed to OpenSSL should pass this lot as a minimum.

  Steve Henson

• Add session ticket override functionality for use by EAP-FAST.

  Jouni Malinen j@w1.fi

• Modify HMAC functions to return a value. Since these can be implemented in an ENGINE errors can occur.

  Steve Henson

• Type-checked OBJ_bsearch_ex.

  Ben Laurie

• Type-checked OBJ_bsearch. Also some constification necessitated by type-checking. Still to come: TXT_DB, bsearch(?), OBJ_bsearch_ex, qsort, CRYPTO_EX_DATA, ASN1_VALUE, ASN1_STRING, CONF_VALUE.

  Ben Laurie

• New function OPENSSL_gmtime_adj() to add a specific number of days and seconds to a tm structure directly, instead of going through OS specific date routines. This avoids any issues with OS routines such as the year 2038 bug. New *_adj() functions for ASN1 time structures and X509_time_adj_ex() to cover the extended range. The existing X509_time_adj() is still usable and will no longer have any date issues.

  Steve Henson

• Delta CRL support. New use deltas option which will attempt to locate and search any appropriate delta CRLs available.

  This work was sponsored by Google.

  Steve Henson

• Support for CRLs partitioned by reason code. Reorganise CRL processing code and add additional score elements. Validate alternate CRL paths as part of the CRL checking and indicate a new error "CRL path validation error" in this case. Applications wanting additional details can use the verify callback and check the new "parent" field. If this is not NULL CRL path validation is taking place. Existing applications won't see this because it requires extended CRL support which is off by default.

  This work was sponsored by Google.

  Steve Henson

• Support for freshest CRL extension.

  This work was sponsored by Google.

  Steve Henson

• Initial indirect CRL support. Currently only supported in the CRLs passed directly and not via lookup. Process certificate issuer CRL entry extension and lookup CRL entries by bother issuer name and serial number. Check and process CRL issuer entry in IDP extension.

  This work was sponsored by Google.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for distinct certificate and CRL paths. The CRL issuer certificate is validated separately in this case. Only enabled if an extended CRL support flag is set: this flag will enable additional CRL functionality in future.

  This work was sponsored by Google.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for policy mappings extension.

  This work was sponsored by Google.

  Steve Henson

• Fixes to pathlength constraint, self issued certificate handling, policy processing to align with RFC3280 and PKITS tests.

  This work was sponsored by Google.

  Steve Henson

• Support for name constraints certificate extension. DN, email, DNS and URI types are currently supported.

  This work was sponsored by Google.

  Steve Henson

• To cater for systems that provide a pointer-based thread ID rather than numeric, deprecate the current numeric thread ID mechanism and replace it with a structure and associated callback type. This mechanism allows a numeric "hash" to be extracted from a thread ID in either case, and on platforms where pointers are larger than 'long', mixing is done to help ensure the numeric 'hash' is usable even if it can't be guaranteed unique. The default mechanism is to use "&errno" as a pointer-based thread ID to distinguish between threads.

  Applications that want to provide their own thread IDs should now use CRYPTO_THREADID_set_callback() to register a callback that will call either CRYPTO_THREADID_set_numeric() or CRYPTO_THREADID_set_pointer().

  Note that ERR_remove_state() is now deprecated, because it is tied to the assumption that thread IDs are numeric. ERR_remove_state(0) to free the current thread's error state should be replaced by ERR_remove_thread_state(NULL).

  (This new approach replaces the functions CRYPTO_set_idptr_callback(), CRYPTO_get_idptr_callback(), and CRYPTO_thread_idptr() that existed in OpenSSL 0.9.9-dev between June 2006 and August 2008. Also, if an application was previously providing a numeric thread callback that was inappropriate for distinguishing threads, then uniqueness might have been obtained with &errno that happened immediately in the intermediate development versions of OpenSSL; this is no longer the case, the numeric thread callback will now override the automatic use of &errno.)

  Geoff Thorpe, with help from Bodo Moeller

• Initial support for different CRL issuing certificates. This covers a simple case where the self issued certificates in the chain exist and the real CRL issuer is higher in the existing chain.

  This work was sponsored by Google.

  Steve Henson

• Removed effectively defunct crypto/store from the build.

  Ben Laurie

• Revamp of STACK to provide stronger type-checking. Still to come: TXT_DB, bsearch(?), OBJ_bsearch, qsort, CRYPTO_EX_DATA, ASN1_VALUE, ASN1_STRING, CONF_VALUE.

  Ben Laurie

• Add a new SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS mode flag to release unused buffer RAM on SSL connections. This option can save about 34k per idle SSL.

  Nick Mathewson

• Revamp of LHASH to provide stronger type-checking. Still to come: STACK, TXT_DB, bsearch, qsort.

  Ben Laurie

• Initial support for Cryptographic Message Syntax (aka CMS) based on RFC3850, RFC3851 and RFC3852. New cms directory and cms utility, support for data, signedData, compressedData, digestedData and encryptedData, envelopedData types included. Scripts to check against RFC4134 examples draft and interop and consistency checks of many content types and variants.

  Steve Henson

• Add options to enc utility to support use of zlib compression BIO.

  Steve Henson

• Extend mk1mf to support importing of options and assembly language files from Configure script, currently only included in VC-WIN32. The assembly language rules can now optionally generate the source files from the associated perl scripts.

  Steve Henson

• Implement remaining functionality needed to support GOST ciphersuites. Interop testing has been performed using CryptoPro implementations.

  Victor B. Wagner vitus@cryptocom.ru

• s390x assembler pack.

  Andy Polyakov

• ARMv4 assembler pack. ARMv4 refers to v4 and later ISA, not CPU "family."

  Andy Polyakov

• Implement Opaque PRF Input TLS extension as specified in draft-rescorla-tls-opaque-prf-input-00.txt. Since this is not an official specification yet and no extension type assignment by IANA exists, this extension (for now) will have to be explicitly enabled when building OpenSSL by providing the extension number to use. For example, specify an option

      -DTLSEXT_TYPE_opaque_prf_input=0x9527
  

  to the "config" or "Configure" script to enable the extension, assuming extension number 0x9527 (which is a completely arbitrary and unofficial assignment based on the MD5 hash of the Internet Draft). Note that by doing so, you potentially lose interoperability with other TLS implementations since these might be using the same extension number for other purposes.

  SSL_set_tlsext_opaque_prf_input(ssl, src, len) is used to set the opaque PRF input value to use in the handshake. This will create an internal copy of the length-'len' string at 'src', and will return non-zero for success.

  To get more control and flexibility, provide a callback function by using

      SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_opaque_prf_input_callback(ctx, cb)
      SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_opaque_prf_input_callback_arg(ctx, arg)
  

  where

      int (*cb)(SSL *, void *peerinput, size_t len, void *arg);
      void *arg;
  

  Callback function 'cb' will be called in handshakes, and is expected to use SSL_set_tlsext_opaque_prf_input() as appropriate. Argument 'arg' is for application purposes (the value as given to SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_opaque_prf_input_callback_arg() will directly be provided to the callback function). The callback function has to return non-zero to report success: usually 1 to use opaque PRF input just if possible, or 2 to enforce use of the opaque PRF input. In the latter case, the library will abort the handshake if opaque PRF input is not successfully negotiated.

  Arguments 'peerinput' and 'len' given to the callback function will always be NULL and 0 in the case of a client. A server will see the client's opaque PRF input through these variables if available (NULL and 0 otherwise). Note that if the server provides an opaque PRF input, the length must be the same as the length of the client's opaque PRF input.

  Note that the callback function will only be called when creating a new session (session resumption can resume whatever was previously negotiated), and will not be called in SSL 2.0 handshakes; thus, SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2) or SSL_set_options(ssl, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2) is especially recommended for applications that need to enforce opaque PRF input.

  Bodo Moeller

• Update ssl code to support digests other than SHA1+MD5 for handshake MAC.

  Victor B. Wagner vitus@cryptocom.ru

• Add RFC4507 support to OpenSSL. This includes the corrections in RFC4507bis. The encrypted ticket format is an encrypted encoded SSL_SESSION structure, that way new session features are automatically supported.

  If a client application caches session in an SSL_SESSION structure support is transparent because tickets are now stored in the encoded SSL_SESSION.

  The SSL_CTX structure automatically generates keys for ticket protection in servers so again support should be possible with no application modification.

  If a client or server wishes to disable RFC4507 support then the option SSL_OP_NO_TICKET can be set.

  Add a TLS extension debugging callback to allow the contents of any client or server extensions to be examined.

  This work was sponsored by Google.

  Steve Henson

• Final changes to avoid use of pointer pointer casts in OpenSSL. OpenSSL should now compile cleanly on gcc 4.2

  Peter Hartley pdh@utter.chaos.org.uk, Steve Henson

• Update SSL library to use new EVP_PKEY MAC API. Include generic MAC support including streaming MAC support: this is required for GOST ciphersuite support.

  Victor B. Wagner vitus@cryptocom.ru, Steve Henson

• Add option -stream to use PKCS#7 streaming in smime utility. New function i2d_PKCS7_bio_stream() and PEM_write_PKCS7_bio_stream() to output in BER and PEM format.

  Steve Henson

• Experimental support for use of HMAC via EVP_PKEY interface. This allows HMAC to be handled via the EVP_DigestSign*() interface. The EVP_PKEY "key" in this case is the HMAC key, potentially allowing ENGINE support for HMAC keys which are unextractable. New -mac and -macopt options to dgst utility.

  Steve Henson

• New option -sigopt to dgst utility. Update dgst to use EVP_Digest{Sign,Verify}*. These two changes make it possible to use alternative signing parameters such as X9.31 or PSS in the dgst utility.

  Steve Henson

• Change ssl_cipher_apply_rule(), the internal function that does the work each time a ciphersuite string requests enabling ("foo+bar"), moving ("+foo+bar"), disabling ("-foo+bar", or removing ("!foo+bar") a class of ciphersuites: Now it maintains the order of disabled ciphersuites such that those ciphersuites that most recently went from enabled to disabled not only stay in order with respect to each other, but also have higher priority than other disabled ciphersuites the next time ciphersuites are enabled again.

  This means that you can now say, e.g., "PSK:-PSK:HIGH" to enable the same ciphersuites as with "HIGH" alone, but in a specific order where the PSK ciphersuites come first (since they are the most recently disabled ciphersuites when "HIGH" is parsed).

  Also, change ssl_create_cipher_list() (using this new functionality) such that between otherwise identical ciphersuites, ephemeral ECDH is preferred over ephemeral DH in the default order.

  Bodo Moeller

• Change ssl_create_cipher_list() so that it automatically arranges the ciphersuites in reasonable order before starting to process the rule string. Thus, the definition for "DEFAULT" (SSL_DEFAULT_CIPHER_LIST) now is just "ALL:!aNULL:!eNULL", but remains equivalent to "AES:ALL:!aNULL:!eNULL:+aECDH:+kRSA:+RC4:@STRENGTH". This makes it much easier to arrive at a reasonable default order in applications for which anonymous ciphers are OK (meaning that you can't actually use DEFAULT).

  Bodo Moeller; suggested by Victor Duchovni

• Split the SSL/TLS algorithm mask (as used for ciphersuite string processing) into multiple integers instead of setting "SSL_MKEY_MASK" bits, "SSL_AUTH_MASK" bits, "SSL_ENC_MASK", "SSL_MAC_MASK", and "SSL_SSL_MASK" bits all in a single integer. (These masks as well as the individual bit definitions are hidden away into the non-exported interface ssl/ssl_locl.h, so this change to the definition of the SSL_CIPHER structure shouldn't affect applications.) This give us more bits for each of these categories, so there is no longer a need to coagulate AES128 and AES256 into a single algorithm bit, and to coagulate Camellia128 and Camellia256 into a single algorithm bit, which has led to all kinds of kludges.

  Thus, among other things, the kludge introduced in 0.9.7m and 0.9.8e for masking out AES256 independently of AES128 or masking out Camellia256 independently of AES256 is not needed here in 0.9.9.

  With the change, we also introduce new ciphersuite aliases that so far were missing: "AES128", "AES256", "CAMELLIA128", and "CAMELLIA256".

  Bodo Moeller

• Add support for dsa-with-SHA224 and dsa-with-SHA256. Use the leftmost N bytes of the signature input if the input is larger than the prime q (with N being the size in bytes of q).

  Nils Larsch

• Very very experimental PKCS#7 streaming encoder support. Nothing uses it yet and it is largely untested.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for the ecdsa-with-SHA224/256/384/512 signature types.

  Nils Larsch

• Initial incomplete changes to avoid need for function casts in OpenSSL some compilers (gcc 4.2 and later) reject their use. Safestack is reimplemented. Update ASN1 to avoid use of legacy functions.

  Steve Henson

• Win32/64 targets are linked with Winsock2.

  Andy Polyakov

• Add an X509_CRL_METHOD structure to allow CRL processing to be redirected to external functions. This can be used to increase CRL handling efficiency especially when CRLs are very large by (for example) storing the CRL revoked certificates in a database.

  Steve Henson

• Overhaul of by_dir code. Add support for dynamic loading of CRLs so new CRLs added to a directory can be used. New command line option -verify_return_error to s_client and s_server. This causes real errors to be returned by the verify callback instead of carrying on no matter what. This reflects the way a "real world" verify callback would behave.

  Steve Henson

• GOST engine, supporting several GOST algorithms and public key formats. Kindly donated by Cryptocom.

  Cryptocom

• Partial support for Issuing Distribution Point CRL extension. CRLs partitioned by DP are handled but no indirect CRL or reason partitioning (yet). Complete overhaul of CRL handling: now the most suitable CRL is selected via a scoring technique which handles IDP and AKID in CRLs.

  Steve Henson

• New X509_STORE_CTX callbacks lookup_crls() and lookup_certs() which will ultimately be used for all verify operations: this will remove the X509_STORE dependency on certificate verification and allow alternative lookup methods. X509_STORE based implementations of these two callbacks.

  Steve Henson

• Allow multiple CRLs to exist in an X509_STORE with matching issuer names. Modify get_crl() to find a valid (unexpired) CRL if possible.

  Steve Henson

• New function X509_CRL_match() to check if two CRLs are identical. Normally this would be called X509_CRL_cmp() but that name is already used by a function that just compares CRL issuer names. Cache several CRL extensions in X509_CRL structure and cache CRLDP in X509.

  Steve Henson

• Store a "canonical" representation of X509_NAME structure (ASN1 Name) this maps equivalent X509_NAME structures into a consistent structure. Name comparison can then be performed rapidly using memcmp().

  Steve Henson

• Non-blocking OCSP request processing. Add -timeout option to ocsp utility.

  Steve Henson

• Allow digests to supply their own micalg string for S/MIME type using the ctrl EVP_MD_CTRL_MICALG.

  Steve Henson

• During PKCS7 signing pass the PKCS7 SignerInfo structure to the EVP_PKEY_METHOD before and after signing via the EVP_PKEY_CTRL_PKCS7_SIGN ctrl. It can then customise the structure before and/or after signing if necessary.

  Steve Henson

• New function OBJ_add_sigid() to allow application defined signature OIDs to be added to OpenSSLs internal tables. New function OBJ_sigid_free() to free up any added signature OIDs.

  Steve Henson

• New functions EVP_CIPHER_do_all(), EVP_CIPHER_do_all_sorted(), EVP_MD_do_all() and EVP_MD_do_all_sorted() to enumerate internal digest and cipher tables. New options added to openssl utility: list-message-digest-algorithms and list-cipher-algorithms.

  Steve Henson

• Change the array representation of binary polynomials: the list of degrees of non-zero coefficients is now terminated with -1. Previously it was terminated with 0, which was also part of the value; thus, the array representation was not applicable to polynomials where t^0 has coefficient zero. This change makes the array representation useful in a more general context.

  Douglas Stebila

• Various modifications and fixes to SSL/TLS cipher string handling. For ECC, the code now distinguishes between fixed ECDH with RSA certificates on the one hand and with ECDSA certificates on the other hand, since these are separate ciphersuites. The unused code for Fortezza ciphersuites has been removed.

  For consistency with EDH, ephemeral ECDH is now called "EECDH" (not "ECDHE"). For consistency with the code for DH certificates, use of ECDH certificates is now considered ECDH authentication, not RSA or ECDSA authentication (the latter is merely the CA's signing algorithm and not actively used in the protocol).

  The temporary ciphersuite alias "ECCdraft" is no longer available, and ECC ciphersuites are no longer excluded from "ALL" and "DEFAULT". The following aliases now exist for RFC 4492 ciphersuites, most of these by analogy with the DH case:

      kECDHr   - ECDH cert, signed with RSA
      kECDHe   - ECDH cert, signed with ECDSA
      kECDH    - ECDH cert (signed with either RSA or ECDSA)
      kEECDH   - ephemeral ECDH
      ECDH     - ECDH cert or ephemeral ECDH
  
      aECDH    - ECDH cert
      aECDSA   - ECDSA cert
      ECDSA    - ECDSA cert
  
      AECDH    - anonymous ECDH
      EECDH    - non-anonymous ephemeral ECDH (equivalent to "kEECDH:-AECDH")
  

  Bodo Moeller

• Add additional S/MIME capabilities for AES and GOST ciphers if supported. Use correct micalg parameters depending on digest(s) in signed message.

  Steve Henson

• Add engine support for EVP_PKEY_ASN1_METHOD. Add functions to process an ENGINE asn1 method. Support ENGINE lookups in the ASN1 code.

  Steve Henson

• Initial engine support for EVP_PKEY_METHOD. New functions to permit an engine to register a method. Add ENGINE lookups for methods and functional reference processing.

  Steve Henson

• New functions EVP_Digest{Sign,Verify)*. These are enhanced versions of EVP_{Sign,Verify}* which allow an application to customise the signature process.

  Steve Henson

• New -resign option to smime utility. This adds one or more signers to an existing PKCS#7 signedData structure. Also -md option to use an alternative message digest algorithm for signing.

  Steve Henson

• Tidy up PKCS#7 routines and add new functions to make it easier to create PKCS7 structures containing multiple signers. Update smime application to support multiple signers.

  Steve Henson

• New -macalg option to pkcs12 utility to allow setting of an alternative digest MAC.

  Steve Henson

• Initial support for PKCS#5 v2.0 PRFs other than default SHA1 HMAC. Reorganize PBE internals to lookup from a static table using NIDs, add support for HMAC PBE OID translation. Add a EVP_CIPHER ctrl: EVP_CTRL_PBE_PRF_NID this allows a cipher to specify an alternative PRF which will be automatically used with PBES2.

  Steve Henson

• Replace the algorithm specific calls to generate keys in "req" with the new API.

  Steve Henson

• Update PKCS#7 enveloped data routines to use new API. This is now supported by any public key method supporting the encrypt operation. A ctrl is added to allow the public key algorithm to examine or modify the PKCS#7 RecipientInfo structure if it needs to: for RSA this is a no op.

  Steve Henson

• Add a ctrl to asn1 method to allow a public key algorithm to express a default digest type to use. In most cases this will be SHA1 but some algorithms (such as GOST) need to specify an alternative digest. The return value indicates how strong the preference is 1 means optional and 2 is mandatory (that is it is the only supported type). Modify ASN1_item_sign() to accept a NULL digest argument to indicate it should use the default md. Update openssl utilities to use the default digest type for signing if it is not explicitly indicated.

  Steve Henson

• Use OID cross reference table in ASN1_sign() and ASN1_verify(). New EVP_MD flag EVP_MD_FLAG_PKEY_METHOD_SIGNATURE. This uses the relevant signing method from the key type. This effectively removes the link between digests and public key types.

  Steve Henson

• Add an OID cross reference table and utility functions. Its purpose is to translate between signature OIDs such as SHA1WithrsaEncryption and SHA1, rsaEncryption. This will allow some of the algorithm specific hackery needed to use the correct OID to be removed.

  Steve Henson

• Remove algorithm specific dependencies when setting PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO structures for PKCS7_sign(). They are now set up by the relevant public key ASN1 method.

  Steve Henson

• Add provisional EC pkey method with support for ECDSA and ECDH.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for key derivation (agreement) in the API, DH method and pkeyutl.

  Steve Henson

• Add DSA pkey method and DH pkey methods, extend DH ASN1 method to support public and private key formats. As a side effect these add additional command line functionality not previously available: DSA signatures can be generated and verified using pkeyutl and DH key support and generation in pkey, genpkey.

  Steve Henson

• BeOS support.

  Oliver Tappe zooey@hirschkaefer.de

• New make target "install_html_docs" installs HTML renditions of the manual pages.

  Oliver Tappe zooey@hirschkaefer.de

• New utility "genpkey" this is analogous to "genrsa" etc except it can generate keys for any algorithm. Extend and update EVP_PKEY_METHOD to support key and parameter generation and add initial key generation functionality for RSA.

  Steve Henson

• Add functions for main EVP_PKEY_method operations. The undocumented functions EVP_PKEY_{encrypt,decrypt} have been renamed to EVP_PKEY_{encrypt,decrypt}_old.

  Steve Henson

• Initial definitions for EVP_PKEY_METHOD. This will be a high level public key API, doesn't do much yet.

  Steve Henson

• New function EVP_PKEY_asn1_get0_info() to retrieve information about public key algorithms. New option to openssl utility: "list-public-key-algorithms" to print out info.

  Steve Henson

• Implement the Supported Elliptic Curves Extension for ECC ciphersuites from draft-ietf-tls-ecc-12.txt.

  Douglas Stebila

• Don't free up OIDs in OBJ_cleanup() if they are in use by EVP_MD or EVP_CIPHER structures to avoid later problems in EVP_cleanup().

  Steve Henson

• New utilities pkey and pkeyparam. These are similar to algorithm specific utilities such as rsa, dsa, dsaparam etc except they process any key type.

  Steve Henson

• Transfer public key printing routines to EVP_PKEY_ASN1_METHOD. New functions EVP_PKEY_print_public(), EVP_PKEY_print_private(), EVP_PKEY_print_param() to print public key data from an EVP_PKEY structure.

  Steve Henson

• Initial support for pluggable public key ASN1. De-spaghettify the public key ASN1 handling. Move public and private key ASN1 handling to a new EVP_PKEY_ASN1_METHOD structure. Relocate algorithm specific handling to a single module within the relevant algorithm directory. Add functions to allow (near) opaque processing of public and private key structures.

  Steve Henson

• Implement the Supported Point Formats Extension for ECC ciphersuites from draft-ietf-tls-ecc-12.txt.

  Douglas Stebila

• Add initial support for RFC 4279 PSK TLS ciphersuites. Add members for the psk identity [hint] and the psk callback functions to the SSL_SESSION, SSL and SSL_CTX structure.

  New ciphersuites: PSK-RC4-SHA, PSK-3DES-EDE-CBC-SHA, PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA, PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA

  New functions: SSL_CTX_use_psk_identity_hint SSL_get_psk_identity_hint SSL_get_psk_identity SSL_use_psk_identity_hint

  Mika Kousa and Pasi Eronen of Nokia Corporation

• Add RFC 3161 compliant time stamp request creation, response generation and response verification functionality.

  Zoltán Glózik zglozik@opentsa.org, The OpenTSA Project

• Add initial support for TLS extensions, specifically for the server_name extension so far. The SSL_SESSION, SSL_CTX, and SSL data structures now have new members for a hostname. The SSL data structure has an additional member SSL_CTX *initial_ctx so that new sessions can be stored in that context to allow for session resumption, even after the SSL has been switched to a new SSL_CTX in reaction to a client's server_name extension.

  New functions (subject to change):

      SSL_get_servername()
      SSL_get_servername_type()
      SSL_set_SSL_CTX()
  

  New CTRL codes and macros (subject to change):

      SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_SERVERNAME_CB
                          - SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback()
      SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_SERVERNAME_ARG
                               - SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_arg()
      SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_HOSTNAME           - SSL_set_tlsext_host_name()
  

  openssl s_client has a new '-servername ...' option.

  openssl s_server has new options '-servername_host ...', '-cert2 ...', '-key2 ...', '-servername_fatal' (subject to change). This allows testing the HostName extension for a specific single hostname ('-cert' and '-key' remain fallbacks for handshakes without HostName negotiation). If the unrecognized_name alert has to be sent, this by default is a warning; it becomes fatal with the '-servername_fatal' option.

  Peter Sylvester, Remy Allais, Christophe Renou

• Whirlpool hash implementation is added.

  Andy Polyakov

• BIGNUM code on 64-bit SPARCv9 targets is switched from bn(64,64) to bn(64,32). Because of instruction set limitations it doesn't have any negative impact on performance. This was done mostly in order to make it possible to share assembler modules, such as bn_mul_mont implementations, between 32- and 64-bit builds without hassle.

  Andy Polyakov

• Move code previously exiled into file crypto/ec/ec2_smpt.c to ec2_smpl.c, and no longer require the OPENSSL_EC_BIN_PT_COMP macro.

  Bodo Moeller

• New candidate for BIGNUM assembler implementation, bn_mul_mont, dedicated Montgomery multiplication procedure, is introduced. BN_MONT_CTX is modified to allow bn_mul_mont to reach for higher "64-bit" performance on certain 32-bit targets.

  Andy Polyakov

• New option SSL_OP_NO_COMP to disable use of compression selectively in SSL structures. New SSL ctrl to set maximum send fragment size. Save memory by setting the I/O buffer sizes dynamically instead of using the maximum available value.

  Steve Henson

• New option -V for 'openssl ciphers'. This prints the ciphersuite code in addition to the text details.

  Bodo Moeller

• Very, very preliminary EXPERIMENTAL support for printing of general ASN1 structures. This currently produces rather ugly output and doesn't handle several customised structures at all.

  Steve Henson

• Integrated support for PVK file format and some related formats such as MS PUBLICKEYBLOB and PRIVATEKEYBLOB. Command line switches to support these in the 'rsa' and 'dsa' utilities.

  Steve Henson

• Support for PKCS#1 RSAPublicKey format on rsa utility command line.

  Steve Henson

• Remove the ancient ASN1_METHOD code. This was only ever used in one place for the (very old) "NETSCAPE" format certificates which are now handled using new ASN1 code equivalents.

  Steve Henson

• Let the TLSv1_method() etc. functions return a 'const' SSL_METHOD pointer and make the SSL_METHOD parameter in SSL_CTX_new, SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version and SSL_set_ssl_method 'const'.

  Nils Larsch

• Modify CRL distribution points extension code to print out previously unsupported fields. Enhance extension setting code to allow setting of all fields.

  Steve Henson

• Add print and set support for Issuing Distribution Point CRL extension.

  Steve Henson

• Change 'Configure' script to enable Camellia by default.

  NTT

OpenSSL 0.9.x

Changes between 0.9.8m and 0.9.8n [24 Mar 2010]

• When rejecting SSL/TLS records due to an incorrect version number, never update s->server with a new major version number. As of

  • OpenSSL 0.9.8m if 'short' is a 16-bit type,
  • OpenSSL 0.9.8f if 'short' is longer than 16 bits, the previous behavior could result in a read attempt at NULL when receiving specific incorrect SSL/TLS records once record payload protection is active. (CVE-2010-0740)

  Bodo Moeller, Adam Langley agl@chromium.org

• Fix for CVE-2010-0433 where some kerberos enabled versions of OpenSSL could be crashed if the relevant tables were not present (e.g. chrooted).

  Tomas Hoger thoger@redhat.com

Changes between 0.9.8l and 0.9.8m [25 Feb 2010]

• Always check bn_wexpand() return values for failure. (CVE-2009-3245)

  Martin Olsson, Neel Mehta

• Fix X509_STORE locking: Every 'objs' access requires a lock (to accommodate for stack sorting, always a write lock!).

  Bodo Moeller

• On some versions of WIN32 Heap32Next is very slow. This can cause excessive delays in the RAND_poll(): over a minute. As a workaround include a time check in the inner Heap32Next loop too.

  Steve Henson

• The code that handled flushing of data in SSL/TLS originally used the BIO_CTRL_INFO ctrl to see if any data was pending first. This caused the problem outlined in PR#1949. The fix suggested there however can trigger problems with buggy BIO_CTRL_WPENDING (e.g. some versions of Apache). So instead simplify the code to flush unconditionally. This should be fine since flushing with no data to flush is a no op.

  Steve Henson

• Handle TLS versions 2.0 and later properly and correctly use the highest version of TLS/SSL supported. Although TLS >= 2.0 is some way off ancient servers have a habit of sticking around for a while...

  Steve Henson

• Modify compression code so it frees up structures without using the ex_data callbacks. This works around a problem where some applications call CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data() before application exit (e.g. when restarting) then use compression (e.g. SSL with compression) later. This results in significant per-connection memory leaks and has caused some security issues including CVE-2008-1678 and CVE-2009-4355.

  Steve Henson

• Constify crypto/cast (i.e., <openssl/cast.h>): a CAST_KEY doesn't change when encrypting or decrypting.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add option SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT which will allow clients to connect and renegotiate with servers which do not support RI. Until RI is more widely deployed this option is enabled by default.

  Steve Henson

• Add "missing" ssl ctrls to clear options and mode.

  Steve Henson

• If client attempts to renegotiate and doesn't support RI respond with a no_renegotiation alert as required by RFC5746. Some renegotiating TLS clients will continue a connection gracefully when they receive the alert. Unfortunately OpenSSL mishandled this alert and would hang waiting for a server hello which it will never receive. Now we treat a received no_renegotiation alert as a fatal error. This is because applications requesting a renegotiation might well expect it to succeed and would have no code in place to handle the server denying it so the only safe thing to do is to terminate the connection.

  Steve Henson

• Add ctrl macro SSL_get_secure_renegotiation_support() which returns 1 if peer supports secure renegotiation and 0 otherwise. Print out peer renegotiation support in s_client/s_server.

  Steve Henson

• Replace the highly broken and deprecated SPKAC certification method with the updated NID creation version. This should correctly handle UTF8.

  Steve Henson

• Implement RFC5746. Re-enable renegotiation but require the extension as needed. Unfortunately, SSL3_FLAGS_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION turns out to be a bad idea. It has been replaced by SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION which can be set with SSL_CTX_set_options(). This is really not recommended unless you know what you are doing.

  Eric Rescorla ekr@networkresonance.com, Ben Laurie, Steve Henson

• Fixes to stateless session resumption handling. Use initial_ctx when issuing and attempting to decrypt tickets in case it has changed during servername handling. Use a non-zero length session ID when attempting stateless session resumption: this makes it possible to determine if a resumption has occurred immediately after receiving server hello (several places in OpenSSL subtly assume this) instead of later in the handshake.

  Steve Henson

• The functions ENGINE_ctrl(), OPENSSL_isservice(), CMS_get1_RecipientRequest() and RAND_bytes() can return <=0 on error fixes for a few places where the return code is not checked correctly.

  Julia Lawall julia@diku.dk

• Add --strict-warnings option to Configure script to include devteam warnings in other configurations.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for --libdir option and LIBDIR variable in makefiles. This makes it possible to install openssl libraries in locations which have names other than "lib", for example "/usr/lib64" which some systems need.

  Steve Henson, based on patch from Jeremy Utley

• Don't allow the use of leading 0x80 in OIDs. This is a violation of X690 8.9.12 and can produce some misleading textual output of OIDs.

  Steve Henson, reported by Dan Kaminsky

• Delete MD2 from algorithm tables. This follows the recommendation in several standards that it is not used in new applications due to several cryptographic weaknesses. For binary compatibility reasons the MD2 API is still compiled in by default.

  Steve Henson

• Add compression id to {d2i,i2d}_SSL_SESSION so it is correctly saved and restored.

  Steve Henson

• Rename uni2asc and asc2uni functions to OPENSSL_uni2asc and OPENSSL_asc2uni conditionally on Netware platforms to avoid a name clash.

  Guenter lists@gknw.net

• Fix the server certificate chain building code to use X509_verify_cert(), it used to have an ad-hoc builder which was unable to cope with anything other than a simple chain.

  David Woodhouse dwmw2@infradead.org, Steve Henson

• Don't check self signed certificate signatures in X509_verify_cert() by default (a flag can override this): it just wastes time without adding any security. As a useful side effect self signed root CAs with non-FIPS digests are now usable in FIPS mode.

  Steve Henson

• In dtls1_process_out_of_seq_message() the check if the current message is already buffered was missing. For every new message was memory allocated, allowing an attacker to perform an denial of service attack with sending out of seq handshake messages until there is no memory left. Additionally every future message was buffered, even if the sequence number made no sense and would be part of another handshake. So only messages with sequence numbers less than 10 in advance will be buffered. (CVE-2009-1378)

  Robin Seggelmann, discovered by Daniel Mentz

• Records are buffered if they arrive with a future epoch to be processed after finishing the corresponding handshake. There is currently no limitation to this buffer allowing an attacker to perform a DOS attack with sending records with future epochs until there is no memory left. This patch adds the pqueue_size() function to determine the size of a buffer and limits the record buffer to 100 entries. (CVE-2009-1377)

  Robin Seggelmann, discovered by Daniel Mentz

• Keep a copy of frag->msg_header.frag_len so it can be used after the parent structure is freed. (CVE-2009-1379)

  Daniel Mentz

• Handle non-blocking I/O properly in SSL_shutdown() call.

  Darryl Miles darryl-mailinglists@netbauds.net

• Add 2.5.4.* OIDs

  Ilya O. vrghost@gmail.com

Changes between 0.9.8k and 0.9.8l [5 Nov 2009]

• Disable renegotiation completely - this fixes a severe security problem (CVE-2009-3555) at the cost of breaking all renegotiation. Renegotiation can be re-enabled by setting SSL3_FLAGS_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION in s3->flags at run-time. This is really not recommended unless you know what you're doing.

  Ben Laurie

Changes between 0.9.8j and 0.9.8k [25 Mar 2009]

• Don't set val to NULL when freeing up structures, it is freed up by underlying code. If sizeof(void *) > sizeof(long) this can result in zeroing past the valid field. (CVE-2009-0789)

  Paolo Ganci Paolo.Ganci@AdNovum.CH

• Fix bug where return value of CMS_SignerInfo_verify_content() was not checked correctly. This would allow some invalid signed attributes to appear to verify correctly. (CVE-2009-0591)

  Ivan Nestlerode inestlerode@us.ibm.com

• Reject UniversalString and BMPString types with invalid lengths. This prevents a crash in ASN1_STRING_print_ex() which assumes the strings have a legal length. (CVE-2009-0590)

  Steve Henson

• Set S/MIME signing as the default purpose rather than setting it unconditionally. This allows applications to override it at the store level.

  Steve Henson

• Permit restricted recursion of ASN1 strings. This is needed in practice to handle some structures.

  Steve Henson

• Improve efficiency of mem_gets: don't search whole buffer each time for a '\n'

  Jeremy Shapiro jnshapir@us.ibm.com

• New -hex option for openssl rand.

  Matthieu Herrb

• Print out UTF8String and NumericString when parsing ASN1.

  Steve Henson

• Support NumericString type for name components.

  Steve Henson

• Allow CC in the environment to override the automatically chosen compiler. Note that nothing is done to ensure flags work with the chosen compiler.

  Ben Laurie

Changes between 0.9.8i and 0.9.8j [07 Jan 2009]

• Properly check EVP_VerifyFinal() and similar return values (CVE-2008-5077).

  Ben Laurie, Bodo Moeller, Google Security Team

• Enable TLS extensions by default.

  Ben Laurie

• Allow the CHIL engine to be loaded, whether the application is multithreaded or not. (This does not release the developer from the obligation to set up the dynamic locking callbacks.)

  Sander Temme sander@temme.net

• Use correct exit code if there is an error in dgst command.

  Steve Henson; problem pointed out by Roland Dirlewanger

• Tweak Configure so that you need to say "experimental-jpake" to enable JPAKE, and need to use -DOPENSSL_EXPERIMENTAL_JPAKE in applications.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add experimental JPAKE support, including demo authentication in s_client and s_server.

  Ben Laurie

• Set the comparison function in v3_addr_canonize().

  Rob Austein sra@hactrn.net

• Add support for XMPP STARTTLS in s_client.

  Philip Paeps philip@freebsd.org

• Change the server-side SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_REUSE_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG behavior to ensure that even with this option, only ciphersuites in the server's preference list will be accepted. (Note that the option applies only when resuming a session, so the earlier behavior was just about the algorithm choice for symmetric cryptography.)

  Bodo Moeller

Changes between 0.9.8h and 0.9.8i [15 Sep 2008]

• Fix NULL pointer dereference if a DTLS server received ChangeCipherSpec as first record (CVE-2009-1386).

  PR #1679

• Fix a state transition in s3_srvr.c and d1_srvr.c (was using SSL3_ST_CW_CLNT_HELLO_B, should be ..._ST_SW_SRVR_...).

  Nagendra Modadugu

• The fix in 0.9.8c that supposedly got rid of unsafe double-checked locking was incomplete for RSA blinding, addressing just one layer of what turns out to have been doubly unsafe triple-checked locking.

  So now fix this for real by retiring the MONT_HELPER macro in crypto/rsa/rsa_eay.c.

  Bodo Moeller; problem pointed out by Marius Schilder

• Various precautionary measures:

  • Avoid size_t integer overflow in HASH_UPDATE (md32_common.h).

  • Avoid a buffer overflow in d2i_SSL_SESSION() (ssl_asn1.c). (NB: This would require knowledge of the secret session ticket key to exploit, in which case you'd be SOL either way.)

  • Change bn_nist.c so that it will properly handle input BIGNUMs outside the expected range.

  • Enforce the 'num' check in BN_div() (bn_div.c) for non-BN_DEBUG builds.

  Neel Mehta, Bodo Moeller

• Allow engines to be "soft loaded" - i.e. optionally don't die if the load fails. Useful for distros.

  Ben Laurie and the FreeBSD team

• Add support for Local Machine Keyset attribute in PKCS#12 files.

  Steve Henson

• Fix BN_GF2m_mod_arr() top-bit cleanup code.

  Huang Ying

• Expand ENGINE to support engine supplied SSL client certificate functions.

  This work was sponsored by Logica.

  Steve Henson

• Add CryptoAPI ENGINE to support use of RSA and DSA keys held in Windows keystores. Support for SSL/TLS client authentication too. Not compiled unless enable-capieng specified to Configure.

  This work was sponsored by Logica.

  Steve Henson

• Fix bug in X509_ATTRIBUTE creation: don't set attribute using ASN1_TYPE_set1 if MBSTRING flag set. This bug would crash certain attribute creation routines such as certificate requests and PKCS#12 files.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.8g and 0.9.8h [28 May 2008]

• Fix flaw if 'Server Key exchange message' is omitted from a TLS handshake which could lead to a client crash as found using the Codenomicon TLS test suite (CVE-2008-1672)

  Steve Henson, Mark Cox

• Fix double free in TLS server name extensions which could lead to a remote crash found by Codenomicon TLS test suite (CVE-2008-0891)

  Joe Orton

• Clear error queue in SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file()

  Clear the error queue to ensure that error entries left from older function calls do not interfere with the correct operation.

  Lutz Jaenicke, Erik de Castro Lopo

• Remove root CA certificates of commercial CAs:

  The OpenSSL project does not recommend any specific CA and does not have any policy with respect to including or excluding any CA. Therefore, it does not make any sense to ship an arbitrary selection of root CA certificates with the OpenSSL software.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• RSA OAEP patches to fix two separate invalid memory reads. The first one involves inputs when 'lzero' is greater than 'SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH' (it would read about SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH bytes before the beginning of from). The second one involves inputs where the 'db' section contains nothing but zeroes (there is a one-byte invalid read after the end of 'db').

  Ivan Nestlerode inestlerode@us.ibm.com

• Partial backport from 0.9.9-dev:

  Introduce bn_mul_mont (dedicated Montgomery multiplication procedure) as a candidate for BIGNUM assembler implementation. While 0.9.9-dev uses assembler for various architectures, only x86_64 is available by default here in the 0.9.8 branch, and 32-bit x86 is available through a compile-time setting.

  To try the 32-bit x86 assembler implementation, use Configure option "enable-montasm" (which exists only for this backport).

  As "enable-montasm" for 32-bit x86 disclaims code stability anyway, in this constellation we activate additional code backported from 0.9.9-dev for further performance improvements, namely BN_from_montgomery_word. (To enable this otherwise, e.g. x86_64, try -DMONT_FROM_WORD___NON_DEFAULT_0_9_8_BUILD.)

  Andy Polyakov (backport partially by Bodo Moeller)

• Add TLS session ticket callback. This allows an application to set TLS ticket cipher and HMAC keys rather than relying on hardcoded fixed values. This is useful for key rollover for example where several key sets may exist with different names.

  Steve Henson

• Reverse ENGINE-internal logic for caching default ENGINE handles. This was broken until now in 0.9.8 releases, such that the only way a registered ENGINE could be used (assuming it initialises successfully on the host) was to explicitly set it as the default for the relevant algorithms. This is in contradiction with 0.9.7 behaviour and the documentation. With this fix, when an ENGINE is registered into a given algorithm's table of implementations, the 'uptodate' flag is reset so that auto-discovery will be used next time a new context for that algorithm attempts to select an implementation.

  Ian Lister (tweaked by Geoff Thorpe)

• Backport of CMS code to OpenSSL 0.9.8. This differs from the 0.9.9 implementation in the following ways:

  Lack of EVP_PKEY_ASN1_METHOD means algorithm parameters have to be hard coded.

  Lack of BER streaming support means one pass streaming processing is only supported if data is detached: setting the streaming flag is ignored for embedded content.

  CMS support is disabled by default and must be explicitly enabled with the enable-cms configuration option.

  Steve Henson

• Update the GMP engine glue to do direct copies between BIGNUM and mpz_t when openssl and GMP use the same limb size. Otherwise the existing "conversion via a text string export" trick is still used.

  Paul Sheer paulsheer@gmail.com

• Zlib compression BIO. This is a filter BIO which compressed and uncompresses any data passed through it.

  Steve Henson

• Add AES_wrap_key() and AES_unwrap_key() functions to implement RFC3394 compatible AES key wrapping.

  Steve Henson

• Add utility functions to handle ASN1 structures. ASN1_STRING_set0(): sets string data without copying. X509_ALGOR_set0() and X509_ALGOR_get0(): set and retrieve X509_ALGOR (AlgorithmIdentifier) data. Attribute function X509at_get0_data_by_OBJ(): retrieves data from an X509_ATTRIBUTE structure optionally checking it occurs only once. ASN1_TYPE_set1(): set and ASN1_TYPE structure copying supplied data.

  Steve Henson

• Fix BN flag handling in RSA_eay_mod_exp() and BN_MONT_CTX_set() to get the expected BN_FLG_CONSTTIME behavior.

  Bodo Moeller (Google)

• Netware support:

  • fixed wrong usage of ioctlsocket() when build for LIBC BSD sockets
  • fixed do_tests.pl to run the test suite with CLIB builds too (CLIB_OPT)
  • added some more tests to do_tests.pl
  • fixed RunningProcess usage so that it works with newer LIBC NDKs too
  • removed usage of BN_LLONG for CLIB builds to avoid runtime dependency
  • added new Configure targets netware-clib-bsdsock, netware-clib-gcc, netware-clib-bsdsock-gcc, netware-libc-bsdsock-gcc
  • various changes to netware.pl to enable gcc-cross builds on Win32 platform
  • changed crypto/bio/b_sock.c to work with macro functions (CLIB BSD)
  • various changes to fix missing prototype warnings
  • fixed x86nasm.pl to create correct asm files for NASM COFF output
  • added AES, WHIRLPOOL and CPUID assembler code to build files
  • added missing AES assembler make rules to mk1mf.pl
  • fixed order of includes in apps/ocsp.c so that e_os.h settings apply

  Guenter Knauf eflash@gmx.net

• Implement certificate status request TLS extension defined in RFC3546. A client can set the appropriate parameters and receive the encoded OCSP response via a callback. A server can query the supplied parameters and set the encoded OCSP response in the callback. Add simplified examples to s_client and s_server.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.8f and 0.9.8g [19 Oct 2007]

• Fix various bugs:

  • Binary incompatibility of ssl_ctx_st structure
  • DTLS interoperation with non-compliant servers
  • Don't call get_session_cb() without proposed session
  • Fix ia64 assembler code

  Andy Polyakov, Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.8e and 0.9.8f [11 Oct 2007]

• DTLS Handshake overhaul. There were longstanding issues with OpenSSL DTLS implementation, which were making it impossible for RFC 4347 compliant client to communicate with OpenSSL server. Unfortunately just fixing these incompatibilities would "cut off" pre-0.9.8f clients. To allow for hassle free upgrade post-0.9.8e server keeps tolerating non RFC compliant syntax. The opposite is not true, 0.9.8f client can not communicate with earlier server. This update even addresses CVE-2007-4995.

  Andy Polyakov

• Changes to avoid need for function casts in OpenSSL: some compilers (gcc 4.2 and later) reject their use. Kurt Roeckx kurt@roeckx.be, Peter Hartley pdh@utter.chaos.org.uk, Steve Henson

• Add RFC4507 support to OpenSSL. This includes the corrections in RFC4507bis. The encrypted ticket format is an encrypted encoded SSL_SESSION structure, that way new session features are automatically supported.

  If a client application caches session in an SSL_SESSION structure support is transparent because tickets are now stored in the encoded SSL_SESSION.

  The SSL_CTX structure automatically generates keys for ticket protection in servers so again support should be possible with no application modification.

  If a client or server wishes to disable RFC4507 support then the option SSL_OP_NO_TICKET can be set.

  Add a TLS extension debugging callback to allow the contents of any client or server extensions to be examined.

  This work was sponsored by Google.

  Steve Henson

• Add initial support for TLS extensions, specifically for the server_name extension so far. The SSL_SESSION, SSL_CTX, and SSL data structures now have new members for a hostname. The SSL data structure has an additional member SSL_CTX *initial_ctx so that new sessions can be stored in that context to allow for session resumption, even after the SSL has been switched to a new SSL_CTX in reaction to a client's server_name extension.

  New functions (subject to change):

      SSL_get_servername()
      SSL_get_servername_type()
      SSL_set_SSL_CTX()
  

  New CTRL codes and macros (subject to change):

      SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_SERVERNAME_CB
                          - SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback()
      SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_SERVERNAME_ARG
                               - SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_arg()
      SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_HOSTNAME           - SSL_set_tlsext_host_name()
  

  openssl s_client has a new '-servername ...' option.

  openssl s_server has new options '-servername_host ...', '-cert2 ...', '-key2 ...', '-servername_fatal' (subject to change). This allows testing the HostName extension for a specific single hostname ('-cert' and '-key' remain fallbacks for handshakes without HostName negotiation). If the unrecognized_name alert has to be sent, this by default is a warning; it becomes fatal with the '-servername_fatal' option.

  Peter Sylvester, Remy Allais, Christophe Renou, Steve Henson

• Add AES and SSE2 assembly language support to VC++ build.

  Steve Henson

• Mitigate attack on final subtraction in Montgomery reduction.

  Andy Polyakov

• Fix crypto/ec/ec_mult.c to work properly with scalars of value 0 (which previously caused an internal error).

  Bodo Moeller

• Squeeze another 10% out of IGE mode when in != out.

  Ben Laurie

• AES IGE mode speedup.

  Dean Gaudet (Google)

• Add the Korean symmetric 128-bit cipher SEED (see http://www.kisa.or.kr/kisa/seed/jsp/seed_eng.jsp) and add SEED ciphersuites from RFC 4162:

      TLS_RSA_WITH_SEED_CBC_SHA      =  "SEED-SHA"
      TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_SEED_CBC_SHA  =  "DHE-DSS-SEED-SHA"
      TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_SEED_CBC_SHA  =  "DHE-RSA-SEED-SHA"
      TLS_DH_anon_WITH_SEED_CBC_SHA  =  "ADH-SEED-SHA"
  

  To minimize changes between patchlevels in the OpenSSL 0.9.8 series, SEED remains excluded from compilation unless OpenSSL is configured with 'enable-seed'.

  KISA, Bodo Moeller

• Mitigate branch prediction attacks, which can be practical if a single processor is shared, allowing a spy process to extract information. For detailed background information, see http://eprint.iacr.org/2007/039 (O. Aciicmez, S. Gueron, J.-P. Seifert, "New Branch Prediction Vulnerabilities in OpenSSL and Necessary Software Countermeasures"). The core of the change are new versions BN_div_no_branch() and BN_mod_inverse_no_branch() of BN_div() and BN_mod_inverse(), respectively, which are slower, but avoid the security-relevant conditional branches. These are automatically called by BN_div() and BN_mod_inverse() if the flag BN_FLG_CONSTTIME is set for one of the input BIGNUMs. Also, BN_is_bit_set() has been changed to remove a conditional branch.

  BN_FLG_CONSTTIME is the new name for the previous BN_FLG_EXP_CONSTTIME flag, since it now affects more than just modular exponentiation. (Since OpenSSL 0.9.7h, setting this flag in the exponent causes BN_mod_exp_mont() to use the alternative implementation in BN_mod_exp_mont_consttime().) The old name remains as a deprecated alias.

  Similarly, RSA_FLAG_NO_EXP_CONSTTIME is replaced by a more general RSA_FLAG_NO_CONSTTIME flag since the RSA implementation now uses constant-time implementations for more than just exponentiation. Here too the old name is kept as a deprecated alias.

  BN_BLINDING_new() will now use BN_dup() for the modulus so that the BN_BLINDING structure gets an independent copy of the modulus. This means that the previous BIGNUM *m argument to BN_BLINDING_new() and to BN_BLINDING_create_param() now essentially becomes const BIGNUM *m, although we can't actually change this in the header file before 0.9.9. It allows RSA_setup_blinding() to use BN_with_flags() on the modulus to enable BN_FLG_CONSTTIME.

  Matthew D Wood (Intel Corp)

• In the SSL/TLS server implementation, be strict about session ID context matching (which matters if an application uses a single external cache for different purposes). Previously, out-of-context reuse was forbidden only if SSL_VERIFY_PEER was set. This did ensure strict client verification, but meant that, with applications using a single external cache for quite different requirements, clients could circumvent ciphersuite restrictions for a given session ID context by starting a session in a different context.

  Bodo Moeller

• Include "!eNULL" in SSL_DEFAULT_CIPHER_LIST to make sure that a ciphersuite string such as "DEFAULT:RSA" cannot enable authentication-only ciphersuites.

  Bodo Moeller

• Update the SSL_get_shared_ciphers() fix CVE-2006-3738 which was not complete and could lead to a possible single byte overflow (CVE-2007-5135) [Ben Laurie]

Changes between 0.9.8d and 0.9.8e [23 Feb 2007]

• Since AES128 and AES256 (and similarly Camellia128 and Camellia256) share a single mask bit in the logic of ssl/ssl_ciph.c, the code for masking out disabled ciphers needs a kludge to work properly if AES128 is available and AES256 isn't (or if Camellia128 is available and Camellia256 isn't).

  Victor Duchovni

• Fix the BIT STRING encoding generated by crypto/ec/ec_asn1.c (within i2d_ECPrivateKey, i2d_ECPKParameters, i2d_ECParameters): When a point or a seed is encoded in a BIT STRING, we need to prevent the removal of trailing zero bits to get the proper DER encoding. (By default, crypto/asn1/a_bitstr.c assumes the case of a NamedBitList, for which trailing 0 bits need to be removed.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Have SSL/TLS server implementation tolerate "mismatched" record protocol version while receiving ClientHello even if the ClientHello is fragmented. (The server can't insist on the particular protocol version it has chosen before the ServerHello message has informed the client about his choice.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Add RFC 3779 support.

  Rob Austein for ARIN, Ben Laurie

• Load error codes if they are not already present instead of using a static variable. This allows them to be cleanly unloaded and reloaded. Improve header file function name parsing.

  Steve Henson

• extend SMTP and IMAP protocol emulation in s_client to use EHLO or CAPABILITY handshake as required by RFCs.

  Goetz Babin-Ebell

Changes between 0.9.8c and 0.9.8d [28 Sep 2006]

• Introduce limits to prevent malicious keys being able to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2006-2940)

  Steve Henson, Bodo Moeller

• Fix ASN.1 parsing of certain invalid structures that can result in a denial of service. (CVE-2006-2937) [Steve Henson]

• Fix buffer overflow in SSL_get_shared_ciphers() function. (CVE-2006-3738) [Tavis Ormandy and Will Drewry, Google Security Team]

• Fix SSL client code which could crash if connecting to a malicious SSLv2 server. (CVE-2006-4343)

  Tavis Ormandy and Will Drewry, Google Security Team

• Since 0.9.8b, ciphersuite strings naming explicit ciphersuites match only those. Before that, "AES256-SHA" would be interpreted as a pattern and match "AES128-SHA" too (since AES128-SHA got the same strength classification in 0.9.7h) as we currently only have a single AES bit in the ciphersuite description bitmap. That change, however, also applied to ciphersuite strings such as "RC4-MD5" that intentionally matched multiple ciphersuites -- namely, SSL 2.0 ciphersuites in addition to the more common ones from SSL 3.0/TLS 1.0.

  So we change the selection algorithm again: Naming an explicit ciphersuite selects this one ciphersuite, and any other similar ciphersuite (same bitmap) from other protocol versions. Thus, "RC4-MD5" again will properly select both the SSL 2.0 ciphersuite and the SSL 3.0/TLS 1.0 ciphersuite.

  Since SSL 2.0 does not have any ciphersuites for which the 128/256 bit distinction would be relevant, this works for now. The proper fix will be to use different bits for AES128 and AES256, which would have avoided the problems from the beginning; however, bits are scarce, so we can only do this in a new release (not just a patchlevel) when we can change the SSL_CIPHER definition to split the single 'unsigned long mask' bitmap into multiple values to extend the available space.

  Bodo Moeller

Changes between 0.9.8b and 0.9.8c [05 Sep 2006]

• Avoid PKCS #1 v1.5 signature attack discovered by Daniel Bleichenbacher (CVE-2006-4339) [Ben Laurie and Google Security Team]

• Add AES IGE and biIGE modes.

  Ben Laurie

• Change the Unix randomness entropy gathering to use poll() when possible instead of select(), since the latter has some undesirable limitations.

  Darryl Miles via Richard Levitte and Bodo Moeller

• Disable "ECCdraft" ciphersuites more thoroughly. Now special treatment in ssl/ssl_ciph.s makes sure that these ciphersuites cannot be implicitly activated as part of, e.g., the "AES" alias. However, please upgrade to OpenSSL 0.9.9[-dev] for non-experimental use of the ECC ciphersuites to get TLS extension support, which is required for curve and point format negotiation to avoid potential handshake problems.

  Bodo Moeller

• Disable rogue ciphersuites:

  • SSLv2 0x08 0x00 0x80 ("RC4-64-MD5")
  • SSLv3/TLSv1 0x00 0x61 ("EXP1024-RC2-CBC-MD5")
  • SSLv3/TLSv1 0x00 0x60 ("EXP1024-RC4-MD5")

  The latter two were purportedly from draft-ietf-tls-56-bit-ciphersuites-0[01].txt, but do not really appear there.

  Also deactivate the remaining ciphersuites from draft-ietf-tls-56-bit-ciphersuites-01.txt. These are just as unofficial, and the ID has long expired.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix RSA blinding Heisenbug (problems sometimes occurred on dual-core machines) and other potential thread-safety issues.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add the symmetric cipher Camellia (128-bit, 192-bit, 256-bit key versions), which is now available for royalty-free use (see http://info.isl.ntt.co.jp/crypt/eng/info/chiteki.html). Also, add Camellia TLS ciphersuites from RFC 4132.

  To minimize changes between patchlevels in the OpenSSL 0.9.8 series, Camellia remains excluded from compilation unless OpenSSL is configured with 'enable-camellia'.

  NTT

• Disable the padding bug check when compression is in use. The padding bug check assumes the first packet is of even length, this is not necessarily true if compression is enabled and can result in false positives causing handshake failure. The actual bug test is ancient code so it is hoped that implementations will either have fixed it by now or any which still have the bug do not support compression.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.8a and 0.9.8b [04 May 2006]

• When applying a cipher rule check to see if string match is an explicit cipher suite and only match that one cipher suite if it is.

  Steve Henson

• Link in manifests for VC++ if needed.

  Austin Ziegler halostatue@gmail.com

• Update support for ECC-based TLS ciphersuites according to draft-ietf-tls-ecc-12.txt with proposed changes (but without TLS extensions, which are supported starting with the 0.9.9 branch, not in the OpenSSL 0.9.8 branch).

  Douglas Stebila

• New functions EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new() and EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free() to support opaque EVP_CIPHER_CTX handling.

  Steve Henson

• Fixes and enhancements to zlib compression code. We now only use "zlib1.dll" and use the default __cdecl calling convention on Win32 to conform with the standards mentioned here: http://www.zlib.net/DLL_FAQ.txt Static zlib linking now works on Windows and the new --with-zlib-include --with-zlib-lib options to Configure can be used to supply the location of the headers and library. Gracefully handle case where zlib library can't be loaded.

  Steve Henson

• Several fixes and enhancements to the OID generation code. The old code sometimes allowed invalid OIDs (1.X for X >= 40 for example), couldn't handle numbers larger than ULONG_MAX, truncated printing and had a non standard OBJ_obj2txt() behaviour.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for building of engines under engine/ as shared libraries under VC++ build system.

  Steve Henson

• Corrected the numerous bugs in the Win32 path splitter in DSO. Hopefully, we will not see any false combination of paths any more.

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 0.9.8 and 0.9.8a [11 Oct 2005]

• Remove the functionality of SSL_OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING (part of SSL_OP_ALL). This option used to disable the countermeasure against man-in-the-middle protocol-version rollback in the SSL 2.0 server implementation, which is a bad idea. (CVE-2005-2969)

  Bodo Moeller; problem pointed out by Yutaka Oiwa (Research Center for Information Security, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology [AIST], Japan)

• Add two function to clear and return the verify parameter flags.

  Steve Henson

• Keep cipherlists sorted in the source instead of sorting them at runtime, thus removing the need for a lock.

  Nils Larsch

• Avoid some small subgroup attacks in Diffie-Hellman.

  Nick Mathewson and Ben Laurie

• Add functions for well-known primes.

  Nick Mathewson

• Extended Windows CE support.

  Satoshi Nakamura and Andy Polyakov

• Initialize SSL_METHOD structures at compile time instead of during runtime, thus removing the need for a lock.

  Steve Henson

• Make PKCS7_decrypt() work even if no certificate is supplied by attempting to decrypt each encrypted key in turn. Add support to smime utility.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.7h and 0.9.8 [05 Jul 2005]

[NB: OpenSSL 0.9.7i and later 0.9.7 patch levels were released after OpenSSL 0.9.8.]

• Add libcrypto.pc and libssl.pc for those who feel they need them.

  Richard Levitte

• Change CA.sh and CA.pl so they don't bundle the CSR and the private key into the same file any more.

  Richard Levitte

• Add initial support for Win64, both IA64 and AMD64/x64 flavors.

  Andy Polyakov

• Add -utf8 command line and config file option to 'ca'.

  Stefan <stf@udoma.org

• Removed the macro des_crypt(), as it seems to conflict with some libraries. Use DES_crypt().

  Richard Levitte

• Correct naming of the 'chil' and '4758cca' ENGINEs. This involves renaming the source and generated shared-libs for both. The engines will accept the corrected or legacy ids ('ncipher' and '4758_cca' respectively) when binding. NB, this only applies when building 'shared'.

  Corinna Vinschen vinschen@redhat.com and Geoff Thorpe

• Add attribute functions to EVP_PKEY structure. Modify PKCS12_create() to recognize a CSP name attribute and use it. Make -CSP option work again in pkcs12 utility.

  Steve Henson

• Add new functionality to the bn blinding code:

  • automatic re-creation of the BN_BLINDING parameters after a fixed number of uses (currently 32)
  • add new function for parameter creation
  • introduce flags to control the update behaviour of the BN_BLINDING parameters
  • hide BN_BLINDING structure Add a second BN_BLINDING slot to the RSA structure to improve performance when a single RSA object is shared among several threads.

  Nils Larsch

• Add support for DTLS.

  Nagendra Modadugu nagendra@cs.stanford.edu and Ben Laurie

• Add support for DER encoded private keys (SSL_FILETYPE_ASN1) to SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file() and SSL_use_PrivateKey_file()

  Walter Goulet

• Remove buggy and incomplete DH cert support from ssl/ssl_rsa.c and ssl/s3_both.c

  Nils Larsch

• Use SHA-1 instead of MD5 as the default digest algorithm for the apps/openssl commands.

  Nils Larsch

• Compile clean with "-Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Werror". Currently DEBUG_SAFESTACK must also be set.

  Ben Laurie

• Change ./Configure so that certain algorithms can be disabled by default. The new counterpiece to "no-xxx" is "enable-xxx".

  The patented RC5 and MDC2 algorithms will now be disabled unless "enable-rc5" and "enable-mdc2", respectively, are specified.

  (IDEA remains enabled despite being patented. This is because IDEA is frequently required for interoperability, and there is no license fee for non-commercial use. As before, "no-idea" can be used to avoid this algorithm.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Add processing of proxy certificates (see RFC 3820). This work was sponsored by KTH (The Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm) and EGEE (Enabling Grids for E-science in Europe).

  Richard Levitte

• RC4 performance overhaul on modern architectures/implementations, such as Intel P4, IA-64 and AMD64.

  Andy Polyakov

• New utility extract-section.pl. This can be used specify an alternative section number in a pod file instead of having to treat each file as a separate case in Makefile. This can be done by adding two lines to the pod file:

  =for comment openssl_section:XXX

  The blank line is mandatory.

  Steve Henson

• New arguments -certform, -keyform and -pass for s_client and s_server to allow alternative format key and certificate files and passphrase sources.

  Steve Henson

• New structure X509_VERIFY_PARAM which combines current verify parameters, update associated structures and add various utility functions.

  Add new policy related verify parameters, include policy checking in standard verify code. Enhance 'smime' application with extra parameters to support policy checking and print out.

  Steve Henson

• Add a new engine to support VIA PadLock ACE extensions in the VIA C3 Nehemiah processors. These extensions support AES encryption in hardware as well as RNG (though RNG support is currently disabled).

  Michal Ludvig michal@logix.cz, with help from Andy Polyakov

• Deprecate BN_[get|set]_params() functions (they were ignored internally).

  Geoff Thorpe

• New FIPS 180-2 algorithms, SHA-224/-256/-384/-512 are implemented.

  Andy Polyakov and a number of other people

• Improved PowerPC platform support. Most notably BIGNUM assembler implementation contributed by IBM.

  Suresh Chari, Peter Waltenberg, Andy Polyakov

• The new 'RSA_generate_key_ex' function now takes a BIGNUM for the public exponent rather than 'unsigned long'. There is a corresponding change to the new 'rsa_keygen' element of the RSA_METHOD structure.

  Jelte Jansen, Geoff Thorpe

• Functionality for creating the initial serial number file is now moved from CA.pl to the 'ca' utility with a new option -create_serial.

  (Before OpenSSL 0.9.7e, CA.pl used to initialize the serial number file to 1, which is bound to cause problems. To avoid the problems while respecting compatibility between different 0.9.7 patchlevels, 0.9.7e employed 'openssl x509 -next_serial' in CA.pl for serial number initialization. With the new release 0.9.8, we can fix the problem directly in the 'ca' utility.)

  Steve Henson

• Reduced header interdependencies by declaring more opaque objects in ossl_typ.h. As a consequence, including some headers (eg. engine.h) will give fewer recursive includes, which could break lazy source code - so this change is covered by the OPENSSL_NO_DEPRECATED symbol. As always, developers should define this symbol when building and using openssl to ensure they track the recommended behaviour, interfaces, [etc], but backwards-compatible behaviour prevails when this isn't defined.

  Geoff Thorpe

• New function X509_POLICY_NODE_print() which prints out policy nodes.

  Steve Henson

• Add new EVP function EVP_CIPHER_CTX_rand_key and associated functionality. This will generate a random key of the appropriate length based on the cipher context. The EVP_CIPHER can provide its own random key generation routine to support keys of a specific form. This is used in the des and 3des routines to generate a key of the correct parity. Update S/MIME code to use new functions and hence generate correct parity DES keys. Add EVP_CHECK_DES_KEY #define to return an error if the key is not valid (weak or incorrect parity).

  Steve Henson

• Add a local set of CRLs that can be used by X509_verify_cert() as well as looking them up. This is useful when the verified structure may contain CRLs, for example PKCS#7 signedData. Modify PKCS7_verify() to use any CRLs present unless the new PKCS7_NO_CRL flag is asserted.

  Steve Henson

• Extend ASN1 oid configuration module. It now additionally accepts the syntax:

  shortName = some long name, 1.2.3.4

  Steve Henson

• Reimplemented the BN_CTX implementation. There is now no more static limitation on the number of variables it can handle nor the depth of the "stack" handling for BN_CTX_start()/BN_CTX_end() pairs. The stack information can now expand as required, and rather than having a single static array of bignums, BN_CTX now uses a linked-list of such arrays allowing it to expand on demand whilst maintaining the usefulness of BN_CTX's "bundling".

  Geoff Thorpe

• Add a missing BN_CTX parameter to the 'rsa_mod_exp' callback in RSA_METHOD to allow all RSA operations to function using a single BN_CTX.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Preliminary support for certificate policy evaluation and checking. This is initially intended to pass the tests outlined in "Conformance Testing of Relying Party Client Certificate Path Processing Logic" v1.07.

  Steve Henson

• bn_dup_expand() has been deprecated, it was introduced in 0.9.7 and remained unused and not that useful. A variety of other little bignum tweaks and fixes have also been made continuing on from the audit (see below).

  Geoff Thorpe

• Constify all or almost all d2i, c2i, s2i and r2i functions, along with associated ASN1, EVP and SSL functions and old ASN1 macros.

  Richard Levitte

• BN_zero() only needs to set 'top' and 'neg' to zero for correct results, and this should never fail. So the return value from the use of BN_set_word() (which can fail due to needless expansion) is now deprecated; if OPENSSL_NO_DEPRECATED is defined, BN_zero() is a void macro.

  Geoff Thorpe

• BN_CTX_get() should return zero-valued bignums, providing the same initialised value as BN_new().

  Geoff Thorpe, suggested by Ulf Möller

• Support for inhibitAnyPolicy certificate extension.

  Steve Henson

• An audit of the BIGNUM code is underway, for which debugging code is enabled when BN_DEBUG is defined. This makes stricter enforcements on what is considered valid when processing BIGNUMs, and causes execution to assert() when a problem is discovered. If BN_DEBUG_RAND is defined, further steps are taken to deliberately pollute unused data in BIGNUM structures to try and expose faulty code further on. For now, openssl will (in its default mode of operation) continue to tolerate the inconsistent forms that it has tolerated in the past, but authors and packagers should consider trying openssl and their own applications when compiled with these debugging symbols defined. It will help highlight potential bugs in their own code, and will improve the test coverage for OpenSSL itself. At some point, these tighter rules will become openssl's default to improve maintainability, though the assert()s and other overheads will remain only in debugging configurations. See bn.h for more details.

  Geoff Thorpe, Nils Larsch, Ulf Möller

• BN_CTX_init() has been deprecated, as BN_CTX is an opaque structure that can only be obtained through BN_CTX_new() (which implicitly initialises it). The presence of this function only made it possible to overwrite an existing structure (and cause memory leaks).

  Geoff Thorpe

• Because of the callback-based approach for implementing LHASH as a template type, lh_insert() adds opaque objects to hash-tables and lh_doall() or lh_doall_arg() are typically used with a destructor callback to clean up those corresponding objects before destroying the hash table (and losing the object pointers). So some over-zealous constifications in LHASH have been relaxed so that lh_insert() does not take (nor store) the objects as "const" and the lh_doall[_arg] callback wrappers are not prototyped to have "const" restrictions on the object pointers they are given (and so aren't required to cast them away any more).

  Geoff Thorpe

• The tmdiff.h API was so ugly and minimal that our own timing utility (speed) prefers to use its own implementation. The two implementations haven't been consolidated as yet (volunteers?) but the tmdiff API has had its object type properly exposed (MS_TM) instead of casting to/from char *. This may still change yet if someone realises MS_TM and ms_time_*** aren't necessarily the greatest nomenclatures - but this is what was used internally to the implementation so I've used that for now.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Ensure that deprecated functions do not get compiled when OPENSSL_NO_DEPRECATED is defined. Some "openssl" subcommands and a few of the self-tests were still using deprecated key-generation functions so these have been updated also.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Reorganise PKCS#7 code to separate the digest location functionality into PKCS7_find_digest(), digest addition into PKCS7_bio_add_digest(). New function PKCS7_set_digest() to set the digest type for PKCS#7 digestedData type. Add additional code to correctly generate the digestedData type and add support for this type in PKCS7 initialization functions.

  Steve Henson

• New function PKCS7_set0_type_other() this initializes a PKCS7 structure of type "other".

  Steve Henson

• Fix prime generation loop in crypto/bn/bn_prime.pl by making sure the loop does correctly stop and breaking ("division by zero") modulus operations are not performed. The (pre-generated) prime table crypto/bn/bn_prime.h was already correct, but it could not be re-generated on some platforms because of the "division by zero" situation in the script.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Update support for ECC-based TLS ciphersuites according to draft-ietf-tls-ecc-03.txt: the KDF1 key derivation function with SHA-1 now is only used for "small" curves (where the representation of a field element takes up to 24 bytes); for larger curves, the field element resulting from ECDH is directly used as premaster secret.

  Douglas Stebila (Sun Microsystems Laboratories)

• Add code for kP+lQ timings to crypto/ec/ectest.c, and add SEC2 curve secp160r1 to the tests.

  Douglas Stebila (Sun Microsystems Laboratories)

• Add the possibility to load symbols globally with DSO.

  Götz Babin-Ebell babin-ebell@trustcenter.de via Richard Levitte

• Add the functions ERR_set_mark() and ERR_pop_to_mark() for better control of the error stack.

  Richard Levitte

• Add support for STORE in ENGINE.

  Richard Levitte

• Add the STORE type. The intention is to provide a common interface to certificate and key stores, be they simple file-based stores, or HSM-type store, or LDAP stores, or... NOTE: The code is currently UNTESTED and isn't really used anywhere.

  Richard Levitte

• Add a generic structure called OPENSSL_ITEM. This can be used to pass a list of arguments to any function as well as provide a way for a function to pass data back to the caller.

  Richard Levitte

• Add the functions BUF_strndup() and BUF_memdup(). BUF_strndup() works like BUF_strdup() but can be used to duplicate a portion of a string. The copy gets NUL-terminated. BUF_memdup() duplicates a memory area.

  Richard Levitte

• Add the function sk_find_ex() which works like sk_find(), but will return an index to an element even if an exact match couldn't be found. The index is guaranteed to point at the element where the searched-for key would be inserted to preserve sorting order.

  Richard Levitte

• Add the function OBJ_bsearch_ex() which works like OBJ_bsearch() but takes an extra flags argument for optional functionality. Currently, the following flags are defined:

  OBJ_BSEARCH_VALUE_ON_NOMATCH This one gets OBJ_bsearch_ex() to return a pointer to the first element where the comparing function returns a negative or zero number.

  OBJ_BSEARCH_FIRST_VALUE_ON_MATCH This one gets OBJ_bsearch_ex() to return a pointer to the first element where the comparing function returns zero. This is useful if there are more than one element where the comparing function returns zero.

  Richard Levitte

• Make it possible to create self-signed certificates with 'openssl ca' in such a way that the self-signed certificate becomes part of the CA database and uses the same mechanisms for serial number generation as all other certificate signing. The new flag '-selfsign' enables this functionality. Adapt CA.sh and CA.pl.in.

  Richard Levitte

• Add functionality to check the public key of a certificate request against a given private. This is useful to check that a certificate request can be signed by that key (self-signing).

  Richard Levitte

• Make it possible to have multiple active certificates with the same subject in the CA index file. This is done only if the keyword 'unique_subject' is set to 'no' in the main CA section (default if 'CA_default') of the configuration file. The value is saved with the database itself in a separate index attribute file, named like the index file with '.attr' appended to the name.

  Richard Levitte

• Generate multi-valued AVAs using '+' notation in config files for req and dirName.

  Steve Henson

• Support for nameConstraints certificate extension.

  Steve Henson

• Support for policyConstraints certificate extension.

  Steve Henson

• Support for policyMappings certificate extension.

  Steve Henson

• Make sure the default DSA_METHOD implementation only uses its dsa_mod_exp() and/or bn_mod_exp() handlers if they are non-NULL, and change its own handlers to be NULL so as to remove unnecessary indirection. This lets alternative implementations fallback to the default implementation more easily.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Support for directoryName in GeneralName related extensions in config files.

  Steve Henson

• Make it possible to link applications using Makefile.shared. Make that possible even when linking against static libraries!

  Richard Levitte

• Support for single pass processing for S/MIME signing. This now means that S/MIME signing can be done from a pipe, in addition cleartext signing (multipart/signed type) is effectively streaming and the signed data does not need to be all held in memory.

  This is done with a new flag PKCS7_STREAM. When this flag is set PKCS7_sign() only initializes the PKCS7 structure and the actual signing is done after the data is output (and digests calculated) in SMIME_write_PKCS7().

  Steve Henson

• Add full support for -rpath/-R, both in shared libraries and applications, at least on the platforms where it's known how to do it.

  Richard Levitte

• In crypto/ec/ec_mult.c, implement fast point multiplication with precomputation, based on wNAF splitting: EC_GROUP_precompute_mult() will now compute a table of multiples of the generator that makes subsequent invocations of EC_POINTs_mul() or EC_POINT_mul() faster (notably in the case of a single point multiplication, scalar * generator).

  Nils Larsch, Bodo Moeller

• IPv6 support for certificate extensions. The various extensions which use the IP:a.b.c.d can now take IPv6 addresses using the formats of RFC1884 2.2 . IPv6 addresses are now also displayed correctly.

  Steve Henson

• Added an ENGINE that implements RSA by performing private key exponentiations with the GMP library. The conversions to and from GMP's mpz_t format aren't optimised nor are any montgomery forms cached, and on x86 it appears OpenSSL's own performance has caught up. However there are likely to be other architectures where GMP could provide a boost. This ENGINE is not built in by default, but it can be specified at Configure time and should be accompanied by the necessary linker additions, eg; ./config -DOPENSSL_USE_GMP -lgmp

  Geoff Thorpe

• "openssl engine" will not display ENGINE/DSO load failure errors when testing availability of engines with "-t" - the old behaviour is produced by increasing the feature's verbosity with "-tt".

  Geoff Thorpe

• ECDSA routines: under certain error conditions uninitialized BN objects could be freed. Solution: make sure initialization is performed early enough. (Reported and fix supplied by Nils Larsch nla@trustcenter.de via PR#459)

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Key-generation can now be implemented in RSA_METHOD, DSA_METHOD and DH_METHOD (eg. by ENGINE implementations) to override the normal software implementations. For DSA and DH, parameter generation can also be overridden by providing the appropriate method callbacks.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Change the "progress" mechanism used in key-generation and primality testing to functions that take a new BN_GENCB pointer in place of callback/argument pairs. The new API functions have _ex postfixes and the older functions are reimplemented as wrappers for the new ones. The OPENSSL_NO_DEPRECATED symbol can be used to hide declarations of the old functions to help (graceful) attempts to migrate to the new functions. Also, the new key-generation API functions operate on a caller-supplied key-structure and return success/failure rather than returning a key or NULL - this is to help make "keygen" another member function of RSA_METHOD etc.

  Example for using the new callback interface:

      int (*my_callback)(int a, int b, BN_GENCB *cb) = ...;
      void *my_arg = ...;
      BN_GENCB my_cb;
  
      BN_GENCB_set(&my_cb, my_callback, my_arg);
  
      return BN_is_prime_ex(some_bignum, BN_prime_checks, NULL, &cb);
      /* For the meaning of a, b in calls to my_callback(), see the
       * documentation of the function that calls the callback.
       * cb will point to my_cb; my_arg can be retrieved as cb->arg.
       * my_callback should return 1 if it wants BN_is_prime_ex()
       * to continue, or 0 to stop.
       */
  

  Geoff Thorpe

• Change the ZLIB compression method to be stateful, and make it available to TLS with the number defined in draft-ietf-tls-compression-04.txt.

  Richard Levitte

• Add the ASN.1 structures and functions for CertificatePair, which is defined as follows (according to X.509_4thEditionDraftV6.pdf):

      CertificatePair ::= SEQUENCE {
         forward         [0]     Certificate OPTIONAL,
         reverse         [1]     Certificate OPTIONAL,
         -- at least one of the pair shall be present -- }
  

  Also implement the PEM functions to read and write certificate pairs, and defined the PEM tag as "CERTIFICATE PAIR".

  This needed to be defined, mostly for the sake of the LDAP attribute crossCertificatePair, but may prove useful elsewhere as well.

  Richard Levitte

• Make it possible to inhibit symlinking of shared libraries in Makefile.shared, for Cygwin's sake.

  Richard Levitte

• Extend the BIGNUM API by creating a function void BN_set_negative(BIGNUM *a, int neg); and a macro that behave like int BN_is_negative(const BIGNUM *a);

  to avoid the need to access 'a->neg' directly in applications.

  Nils Larsch

• Implement fast modular reduction for pseudo-Mersenne primes used in NIST curves (crypto/bn/bn_nist.c, crypto/ec/ecp_nist.c). EC_GROUP_new_curve_GFp() will now automatically use this if applicable.

  Nils Larsch nla@trustcenter.de

• Add new lock type (CRYPTO_LOCK_BN).

  Bodo Moeller

• Change the ENGINE framework to automatically load engines dynamically from specific directories unless they could be found to already be built in or loaded. Move all the current engines except for the cryptodev one to a new directory engines/. The engines in engines/ are built as shared libraries if the "shared" options was given to ./Configure or ./config. Otherwise, they are inserted in libcrypto.a. /usr/local/ssl/engines is the default directory for dynamic engines, but that can be overridden at configure time through the usual use of --prefix and/or --openssldir, and at run time with the environment variable OPENSSL_ENGINES.

  Geoff Thorpe and Richard Levitte

• Add Makefile.shared, a helper makefile to build shared libraries. Adapt Makefile.org.

  Richard Levitte

• Add version info to Win32 DLLs.

  Peter 'Luna' Runestig" peter@runestig.com

• Add new 'medium level' PKCS#12 API. Certificates and keys can be added using this API to created arbitrary PKCS#12 files while avoiding the low-level API.

  New options to PKCS12_create(), key or cert can be NULL and will then be omitted from the output file. The encryption algorithm NIDs can be set to -1 for no encryption, the mac iteration count can be set to 0 to omit the mac.

  Enhance pkcs12 utility by making the -nokeys and -nocerts options work when creating a PKCS#12 file. New option -nomac to omit the mac, NONE can be set for an encryption algorithm. New code is modified to use the enhanced PKCS12_create() instead of the low-level API.

  Steve Henson

• Extend ASN1 encoder to support indefinite length constructed encoding. This can output sequences tags and octet strings in this form. Modify pk7_asn1.c to support indefinite length encoding. This is experimental and needs additional code to be useful, such as an ASN1 bio and some enhanced streaming PKCS#7 code.

  Extend template encode functionality so that tagging is passed down to the template encoder.

  Steve Henson

• Let 'openssl req' fail if an argument to '-newkey' is not recognized instead of using RSA as a default.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add support for ECC-based ciphersuites from draft-ietf-tls-ecc-01.txt. As these are not official, they are not included in "ALL"; the "ECCdraft" ciphersuite group alias can be used to select them.

  Vipul Gupta and Sumit Gupta (Sun Microsystems Laboratories)

• Add ECDH engine support.

  Nils Gura and Douglas Stebila (Sun Microsystems Laboratories)

• Add ECDH in new directory crypto/ecdh/.

  Douglas Stebila (Sun Microsystems Laboratories)

• Let BN_rand_range() abort with an error after 100 iterations without success (which indicates a broken PRNG).

  Bodo Moeller

• Change BN_mod_sqrt() so that it verifies that the input value is really the square of the return value. (Previously, BN_mod_sqrt would show GIGO behaviour.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Add named elliptic curves over binary fields from X9.62, SECG, and WAP/WTLS; add OIDs that were still missing.

  Sheueling Chang Shantz and Douglas Stebila (Sun Microsystems Laboratories)

• Extend the EC library for elliptic curves over binary fields (new files ec2_smpl.c, ec2_smpt.c, ec2_mult.c in crypto/ec/). New EC_METHOD:

      EC_GF2m_simple_method
  

  New API functions:

      EC_GROUP_new_curve_GF2m
      EC_GROUP_set_curve_GF2m
      EC_GROUP_get_curve_GF2m
      EC_POINT_set_affine_coordinates_GF2m
      EC_POINT_get_affine_coordinates_GF2m
      EC_POINT_set_compressed_coordinates_GF2m
  

  Point compression for binary fields is disabled by default for patent reasons (compile with OPENSSL_EC_BIN_PT_COMP defined to enable it).

  As binary polynomials are represented as BIGNUMs, various members of the EC_GROUP and EC_POINT data structures can be shared between the implementations for prime fields and binary fields; the above ..._GF2m functions (except for EX_GROUP_new_curve_GF2m) are essentially identical to their ..._GFp counterparts. (For simplicity, the ..._GFp prefix has been dropped from various internal method names.)

  An internal 'field_div' method (similar to 'field_mul' and 'field_sqr') has been added; this is used only for binary fields.

  Sheueling Chang Shantz and Douglas Stebila (Sun Microsystems Laboratories)

• Optionally dispatch EC_POINT_mul(), EC_POINT_precompute_mult() through methods ('mul', 'precompute_mult').

  The generic implementations (now internally called 'ec_wNAF_mul' and 'ec_wNAF_precomputed_mult') remain the default if these methods are undefined.

  Sheueling Chang Shantz and Douglas Stebila (Sun Microsystems Laboratories)

• New function EC_GROUP_get_degree, which is defined through EC_METHOD. For curves over prime fields, this returns the bit length of the modulus.

  Sheueling Chang Shantz and Douglas Stebila (Sun Microsystems Laboratories)

• New functions EC_GROUP_dup, EC_POINT_dup. (These simply call ..._new and ..._copy).

  Sheueling Chang Shantz and Douglas Stebila (Sun Microsystems Laboratories)

• Add binary polynomial arithmetic software in crypto/bn/bn_gf2m.c. Polynomials are represented as BIGNUMs (where the sign bit is not used) in the following functions [macros]:

      BN_GF2m_add
      BN_GF2m_sub             [= BN_GF2m_add]
      BN_GF2m_mod             [wrapper for BN_GF2m_mod_arr]
      BN_GF2m_mod_mul         [wrapper for BN_GF2m_mod_mul_arr]
      BN_GF2m_mod_sqr         [wrapper for BN_GF2m_mod_sqr_arr]
      BN_GF2m_mod_inv
      BN_GF2m_mod_exp         [wrapper for BN_GF2m_mod_exp_arr]
      BN_GF2m_mod_sqrt        [wrapper for BN_GF2m_mod_sqrt_arr]
      BN_GF2m_mod_solve_quad  [wrapper for BN_GF2m_mod_solve_quad_arr]
      BN_GF2m_cmp             [= BN_ucmp]
  

  (Note that only the 'mod' functions are actually for fields GF(2^m). BN_GF2m_add() is misnomer, but this is for the sake of consistency.)

  For some functions, an the irreducible polynomial defining a field can be given as an 'unsigned int[]' with strictly decreasing elements giving the indices of those bits that are set; i.e., p[] represents the polynomial f(t) = t^p[0] + t^p[1] + ... + t^p[k] where p[0] > p[1] > ... > p[k] = 0. This applies to the following functions:

      BN_GF2m_mod_arr
      BN_GF2m_mod_mul_arr
      BN_GF2m_mod_sqr_arr
      BN_GF2m_mod_inv_arr        [wrapper for BN_GF2m_mod_inv]
      BN_GF2m_mod_div_arr        [wrapper for BN_GF2m_mod_div]
      BN_GF2m_mod_exp_arr
      BN_GF2m_mod_sqrt_arr
      BN_GF2m_mod_solve_quad_arr
      BN_GF2m_poly2arr
      BN_GF2m_arr2poly
  

  Conversion can be performed by the following functions:

      BN_GF2m_poly2arr
      BN_GF2m_arr2poly
  

  bntest.c has additional tests for binary polynomial arithmetic.

  Two implementations for BN_GF2m_mod_div() are available. The default algorithm simply uses BN_GF2m_mod_inv() and BN_GF2m_mod_mul(). The alternative algorithm is compiled in only if OPENSSL_SUN_GF2M_DIV is defined (patent pending; read the copyright notice in crypto/bn/bn_gf2m.c before enabling it).

  Sheueling Chang Shantz and Douglas Stebila (Sun Microsystems Laboratories)

• Add new error code 'ERR_R_DISABLED' that can be used when some functionality is disabled at compile-time.

  Douglas Stebila douglas.stebila@sun.com

• Change default behaviour of 'openssl asn1parse' so that more information is visible when viewing, e.g., a certificate:

  Modify asn1_parse2 (crypto/asn1/asn1_par.c) so that in non-'dump' mode the content of non-printable OCTET STRINGs is output in a style similar to INTEGERs, but with '[HEX DUMP]' prepended to avoid the appearance of a printable string.

  Nils Larsch nla@trustcenter.de

• Add 'asn1_flag' and 'asn1_form' member to EC_GROUP with access functions EC_GROUP_set_asn1_flag() EC_GROUP_get_asn1_flag() EC_GROUP_set_point_conversion_form() EC_GROUP_get_point_conversion_form() These control ASN1 encoding details:

  • Curves (i.e., groups) are encoded explicitly unless asn1_flag has been set to OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE.
  • Points are encoded in uncompressed form by default; options for asn1_for are as for point2oct, namely POINT_CONVERSION_COMPRESSED POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED POINT_CONVERSION_HYBRID

  Also add 'seed' and 'seed_len' members to EC_GROUP with access functions EC_GROUP_set_seed() EC_GROUP_get0_seed() EC_GROUP_get_seed_len() This is used only for ASN1 purposes (so far).

  Nils Larsch nla@trustcenter.de

• Add 'field_type' member to EC_METHOD, which holds the NID of the appropriate field type OID. The new function EC_METHOD_get_field_type() returns this value.

  Nils Larsch nla@trustcenter.de

• Add functions EC_POINT_point2bn() EC_POINT_bn2point() EC_POINT_point2hex() EC_POINT_hex2point() providing useful interfaces to EC_POINT_point2oct() and EC_POINT_oct2point().

  Nils Larsch nla@trustcenter.de

• Change internals of the EC library so that the functions EC_GROUP_set_generator() EC_GROUP_get_generator() EC_GROUP_get_order() EC_GROUP_get_cofactor() are implemented directly in crypto/ec/ec_lib.c and not dispatched to methods, which would lead to unnecessary code duplication when adding different types of curves.

  Nils Larsch nla@trustcenter.de with input by Bodo Moeller

• Implement compute_wNAF (crypto/ec/ec_mult.c) without BIGNUM arithmetic, and such that modified wNAFs are generated (which avoid length expansion in many cases).

  Bodo Moeller

• Add a function EC_GROUP_check_discriminant() (defined via EC_METHOD) that verifies that the curve discriminant is non-zero.

  Add a function EC_GROUP_check() that makes some sanity tests on a EC_GROUP, its generator and order. This includes EC_GROUP_check_discriminant().

  Nils Larsch nla@trustcenter.de

• Add ECDSA in new directory crypto/ecdsa/.

  Add applications 'openssl ecparam' and 'openssl ecdsa' (these are based on 'openssl dsaparam' and 'openssl dsa').

  ECDSA support is also included in various other files across the library. Most notably,

  • 'openssl req' now has a '-newkey ecdsa:file' option;
  • EVP_PKCS82PKEY (crypto/evp/evp_pkey.c) now can handle ECDSA;
  • X509_PUBKEY_get (crypto/asn1/x_pubkey.c) and d2i_PublicKey (crypto/asn1/d2i_pu.c) have been modified to make them suitable for ECDSA where domain parameters must be extracted before the specific public key;
  • ECDSA engine support has been added.

  Nils Larsch nla@trustcenter.de

• Include some named elliptic curves, and add OIDs from X9.62, SECG, and WAP/WTLS. Each curve can be obtained from the new function EC_GROUP_new_by_curve_name(), and the list of available named curves can be obtained with EC_get_builtin_curves(). Also add a 'curve_name' member to EC_GROUP objects, which can be accessed via EC_GROUP_set_curve_name() EC_GROUP_get_curve_name()

  Nils Larsch <larsch@trustcenter.de, Bodo Moeller

• Remove a few calls to bn_wexpand() in BN_sqr() (the one in there was actually never needed) and in BN_mul(). The removal in BN_mul() required a small change in bn_mul_part_recursive() and the addition of the functions bn_cmp_part_words(), bn_sub_part_words() and bn_add_part_words(), which do the same thing as bn_cmp_words(), bn_sub_words() and bn_add_words() except they take arrays with differing sizes.

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 0.9.7l and 0.9.7m [23 Feb 2007]

• Cleanse PEM buffers before freeing them since they may contain sensitive data.

  Benjamin Bennett ben@psc.edu

• Include "!eNULL" in SSL_DEFAULT_CIPHER_LIST to make sure that a ciphersuite string such as "DEFAULT:RSA" cannot enable authentication-only ciphersuites.

  Bodo Moeller

• Since AES128 and AES256 share a single mask bit in the logic of ssl/ssl_ciph.c, the code for masking out disabled ciphers needs a kludge to work properly if AES128 is available and AES256 isn't.

  Victor Duchovni

• Expand security boundary to match 1.1.1 module.

  Steve Henson

• Remove redundant features: hash file source, editing of test vectors modify fipsld to use external fips_premain.c signature.

  Steve Henson

• New perl script mkfipsscr.pl to create shell scripts or batch files to run algorithm test programs.

  Steve Henson

• Make algorithm test programs more tolerant of whitespace.

  Steve Henson

• Have SSL/TLS server implementation tolerate "mismatched" record protocol version while receiving ClientHello even if the ClientHello is fragmented. (The server can't insist on the particular protocol version it has chosen before the ServerHello message has informed the client about his choice.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Load error codes if they are not already present instead of using a static variable. This allows them to be cleanly unloaded and reloaded.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.7k and 0.9.7l [28 Sep 2006]

• Introduce limits to prevent malicious keys being able to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2006-2940)

  Steve Henson, Bodo Moeller

• Fix ASN.1 parsing of certain invalid structures that can result in a denial of service. (CVE-2006-2937) [Steve Henson]

• Fix buffer overflow in SSL_get_shared_ciphers() function. (CVE-2006-3738) [Tavis Ormandy and Will Drewry, Google Security Team]

• Fix SSL client code which could crash if connecting to a malicious SSLv2 server. (CVE-2006-4343)

  Tavis Ormandy and Will Drewry, Google Security Team

• Change ciphersuite string processing so that an explicit ciphersuite selects this one ciphersuite (so that "AES256-SHA" will no longer include "AES128-SHA"), and any other similar ciphersuite (same bitmap) from other protocol versions (so that "RC4-MD5" will still include both the SSL 2.0 ciphersuite and the SSL 3.0/TLS 1.0 ciphersuite). This is a backport combining changes from 0.9.8b and 0.9.8d.

  Bodo Moeller

Changes between 0.9.7j and 0.9.7k [05 Sep 2006]

• Avoid PKCS #1 v1.5 signature attack discovered by Daniel Bleichenbacher (CVE-2006-4339) [Ben Laurie and Google Security Team]

• Change the Unix randomness entropy gathering to use poll() when possible instead of select(), since the latter has some undesirable limitations.

  Darryl Miles via Richard Levitte and Bodo Moeller

• Disable rogue ciphersuites:

  • SSLv2 0x08 0x00 0x80 ("RC4-64-MD5")
  • SSLv3/TLSv1 0x00 0x61 ("EXP1024-RC2-CBC-MD5")
  • SSLv3/TLSv1 0x00 0x60 ("EXP1024-RC4-MD5")

  The latter two were purportedly from draft-ietf-tls-56-bit-ciphersuites-0[01].txt, but do not really appear there.

  Also deactivate the remaining ciphersuites from draft-ietf-tls-56-bit-ciphersuites-01.txt. These are just as unofficial, and the ID has long expired.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix RSA blinding Heisenbug (problems sometimes occurred on dual-core machines) and other potential thread-safety issues.

  Bodo Moeller

Changes between 0.9.7i and 0.9.7j [04 May 2006]

• Adapt fipsld and the build system to link against the validated FIPS module in FIPS mode.

  Steve Henson

• Fixes for VC++ 2005 build under Windows.

  Steve Henson

• Add new Windows build target VC-32-GMAKE for VC++. This uses GNU make from a Windows bash shell such as MSYS. It is autodetected from the "config" script when run from a VC++ environment. Modify standard VC++ build to use fipscanister.o from the GNU make build.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.7h and 0.9.7i [14 Oct 2005]

• Wrapped the definition of EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE in a #ifdef OPENSSL_FIPS. The value now differs depending on if you build for FIPS or not. BEWARE! A program linked with a shared FIPSed libcrypto can't be safely run with a non-FIPSed libcrypto, as it may crash because of the difference induced by this change.

  Andy Polyakov

Changes between 0.9.7g and 0.9.7h [11 Oct 2005]

• Remove the functionality of SSL_OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING (part of SSL_OP_ALL). This option used to disable the countermeasure against man-in-the-middle protocol-version rollback in the SSL 2.0 server implementation, which is a bad idea. (CVE-2005-2969)

  Bodo Moeller; problem pointed out by Yutaka Oiwa (Research Center for Information Security, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology [AIST, Japan)]

• Minimal support for X9.31 signatures and PSS padding modes. This is mainly for FIPS compliance and not fully integrated at this stage.

  Steve Henson

• For DSA signing, unless DSA_FLAG_NO_EXP_CONSTTIME is set, perform the exponentiation using a fixed-length exponent. (Otherwise, the information leaked through timing could expose the secret key after many signatures; cf. Bleichenbacher's attack on DSA with biased k.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Make a new fixed-window mod_exp implementation the default for RSA, DSA, and DH private-key operations so that the sequence of squares and multiplies and the memory access pattern are independent of the particular secret key. This will mitigate cache-timing and potential related attacks.

  BN_mod_exp_mont_consttime() is the new exponentiation implementation, and this is automatically used by BN_mod_exp_mont() if the new flag BN_FLG_EXP_CONSTTIME is set for the exponent. RSA, DSA, and DH will use this BN flag for private exponents unless the flag RSA_FLAG_NO_EXP_CONSTTIME, DSA_FLAG_NO_EXP_CONSTTIME, or DH_FLAG_NO_EXP_CONSTTIME, respectively, is set.

  Matthew D Wood (Intel Corp), with some changes by Bodo Moeller

• Change the client implementation for SSLv23_method() and SSLv23_client_method() so that is uses the SSL 3.0/TLS 1.0 Client Hello message format if the SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 option is set. (Previously, the SSL 2.0 backwards compatible Client Hello message format would be used even with SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Add support for smime-type MIME parameter in S/MIME messages which some clients need.

  Steve Henson

• New function BN_MONT_CTX_set_locked() to set montgomery parameters in a threadsafe manner. Modify rsa code to use new function and add calls to dsa and dh code (which had race conditions before).

  Steve Henson

• Include the fixed error library code in the C error file definitions instead of fixing them up at runtime. This keeps the error code structures constant.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.7f and 0.9.7g [11 Apr 2005]

[NB: OpenSSL 0.9.7h and later 0.9.7 patch levels were released after OpenSSL 0.9.8.]

• Fixes for newer kerberos headers. NB: the casts are needed because the 'length' field is signed on one version and unsigned on another with no (?) obvious way to tell the difference, without these VC++ complains. Also the "definition" of FAR (blank) is no longer included nor is the error ENOMEM. KRB5_PRIVATE has to be set to 1 to pick up some needed definitions.

  Steve Henson

• Undo Cygwin change.

  Ulf Möller

• Added support for proxy certificates according to RFC 3820. Because they may be a security thread to unaware applications, they must be explicitly allowed in run-time. See docs/HOWTO/proxy_certificates.txt for further information.

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 0.9.7e and 0.9.7f [22 Mar 2005]

• Use (SSL_RANDOM_VALUE - 4) bytes of pseudo random data when generating server and client random values. Previously (SSL_RANDOM_VALUE - sizeof(time_t)) would be used which would result in less random data when sizeof(time_t) > 4 (some 64 bit platforms).

  This change has negligible security impact because:

  1. Server and client random values still have 24 bytes of pseudo random data.

  2. Server and client random values are sent in the clear in the initial handshake.

  3. The master secret is derived using the premaster secret (48 bytes in size for static RSA ciphersuites) as well as client server and random values.

  The OpenSSL team would like to thank the UK NISCC for bringing this issue to our attention.

  Stephen Henson, reported by UK NISCC

• Use Windows randomness collection on Cygwin.

  Ulf Möller

• Fix hang in EGD/PRNGD query when communication socket is closed prematurely by EGD/PRNGD.

  Darren Tucker dtucker@zip.com.au via Lutz Jänicke, resolves #1014

• Prompt for pass phrases when appropriate for PKCS12 input format.

  Steve Henson

• Back-port of selected performance improvements from development branch, as well as improved support for PowerPC platforms.

  Andy Polyakov

• Add lots of checks for memory allocation failure, error codes to indicate failure and freeing up memory if a failure occurs.

  Nauticus Networks SSL Team openssl@nauticusnet.com, Steve Henson

• Add new -passin argument to dgst.

  Steve Henson

• Perform some character comparisons of different types in X509_NAME_cmp: this is needed for some certificates that re-encode DNs into UTF8Strings (in violation of RFC3280) and can't or won't issue name rollover certificates.

  Steve Henson

• Make an explicit check during certificate validation to see that the CA setting in each certificate on the chain is correct. As a side effect always do the following basic checks on extensions, not just when there's an associated purpose to the check:

  • if there is an unhandled critical extension (unless the user has chosen to ignore this fault)
  • if the path length has been exceeded (if one is set at all)
  • that certain extensions fit the associated purpose (if one has been given)

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 0.9.7d and 0.9.7e [25 Oct 2004]

• Avoid a race condition when CRLs are checked in a multi threaded environment. This would happen due to the reordering of the revoked entries during signature checking and serial number lookup. Now the encoding is cached and the serial number sort performed under a lock. Add new STACK function sk_is_sorted().

  Steve Henson

• Add Delta CRL to the extension code.

  Steve Henson

• Various fixes to s3_pkt.c so alerts are sent properly.

  David Holmes d.holmes@f5.com

• Reduce the chances of duplicate issuer name and serial numbers (in violation of RFC3280) using the OpenSSL certificate creation utilities. This is done by creating a random 64 bit value for the initial serial number when a serial number file is created or when a self signed certificate is created using 'openssl req -x509'. The initial serial number file is created using 'openssl x509 -next_serial' in CA.pl rather than being initialized to 1.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.7c and 0.9.7d [17 Mar 2004]

• Fix null-pointer assignment in do_change_cipher_spec() revealed by using the Codenomicon TLS Test Tool (CVE-2004-0079)

  Joe Orton, Steve Henson

• Fix flaw in SSL/TLS handshaking when using Kerberos ciphersuites (CVE-2004-0112)

  Joe Orton, Steve Henson

• Make it possible to have multiple active certificates with the same subject in the CA index file. This is done only if the keyword 'unique_subject' is set to 'no' in the main CA section (default if 'CA_default') of the configuration file. The value is saved with the database itself in a separate index attribute file, named like the index file with '.attr' appended to the name.

  Richard Levitte

• X509 verify fixes. Disable broken certificate workarounds when X509_V_FLAGS_X509_STRICT is set. Check CRL issuer has cRLSign set if keyUsage extension present. Don't accept CRLs with unhandled critical extensions: since verify currently doesn't process CRL extensions this rejects a CRL with any critical extensions. Add new verify error codes for these cases.

  Steve Henson

• When creating an OCSP nonce use an OCTET STRING inside the extnValue. A clarification of RFC2560 will require the use of OCTET STRINGs and some implementations cannot handle the current raw format. Since OpenSSL copies and compares OCSP nonces as opaque blobs without any attempt at parsing them this should not create any compatibility issues.

  Steve Henson

• New md flag EVP_MD_CTX_FLAG_REUSE this allows md_data to be reused when calling EVP_MD_CTX_copy_ex() to avoid calling OPENSSL_malloc(). Without this HMAC (and other) operations are several times slower than OpenSSL < 0.9.7.

  Steve Henson

• Print out GeneralizedTime and UTCTime in ASN1_STRING_print_ex().

  Peter Sylvester Peter.Sylvester@EdelWeb.fr

• Use the correct content when signing type "other".

  Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.7b and 0.9.7c [30 Sep 2003]

• Fix various bugs revealed by running the NISCC test suite:

  Stop out of bounds reads in the ASN1 code when presented with invalid tags (CVE-2003-0543 and CVE-2003-0544).

  Free up ASN1_TYPE correctly if ANY type is invalid (CVE-2003-0545).

  If verify callback ignores invalid public key errors don't try to check certificate signature with the NULL public key.

  Steve Henson

• New -ignore_err option in ocsp application to stop the server exiting on the first error in a request.

  Steve Henson

• In ssl3_accept() (ssl/s3_srvr.c) only accept a client certificate if the server requested one: as stated in TLS 1.0 and SSL 3.0 specifications.

  Steve Henson

• In ssl3_get_client_hello() (ssl/s3_srvr.c), tolerate additional extra data after the compression methods not only for TLS 1.0 but also for SSL 3.0 (as required by the specification).

  Bodo Moeller; problem pointed out by Matthias Loepfe

• Change X509_certificate_type() to mark the key as exported/exportable when it's 512 bits long, not 512 bytes.

  Richard Levitte

• Change AES_cbc_encrypt() so it outputs exact multiple of blocks during encryption.

  Richard Levitte

• Various fixes to base64 BIO and non blocking I/O. On write flushes were not handled properly if the BIO retried. On read data was not being buffered properly and had various logic bugs. This also affects blocking I/O when the data being decoded is a certain size.

  Steve Henson

• Various S/MIME bugfixes and compatibility changes: output correct application/pkcs7 MIME type if PKCS7_NOOLDMIMETYPE is set. Tolerate some broken signatures. Output CR+LF for EOL if PKCS7_CRLFEOL is set (this makes opening of files as .eml work). Correctly handle very long lines in MIME parser.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.7a and 0.9.7b [10 Apr 2003]

• Countermeasure against the Klima-Pokorny-Rosa extension of Bleichbacher's attack on PKCS #1 v1.5 padding: treat a protocol version number mismatch like a decryption error in ssl3_get_client_key_exchange (ssl/s3_srvr.c).

  Bodo Moeller

• Turn on RSA blinding by default in the default implementation to avoid a timing attack. Applications that don't want it can call RSA_blinding_off() or use the new flag RSA_FLAG_NO_BLINDING. They would be ill-advised to do so in most cases.

  Ben Laurie, Steve Henson, Geoff Thorpe, Bodo Moeller

• Change RSA blinding code so that it works when the PRNG is not seeded (in this case, the secret RSA exponent is abused as an unpredictable seed -- if it is not unpredictable, there is no point in blinding anyway). Make RSA blinding thread-safe by remembering the creator's thread ID in rsa->blinding and having all other threads use local one-time blinding factors (this requires more computation than sharing rsa->blinding, but avoids excessive locking; and if an RSA object is not shared between threads, blinding will still be very fast).

  Bodo Moeller

• Fixed a typo bug that would cause ENGINE_set_default() to set an ENGINE as defaults for all supported algorithms irrespective of the 'flags' parameter. 'flags' is now honoured, so applications should make sure they are passing it correctly.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Target "mingw" now allows native Windows code to be generated in the Cygwin environment as well as with the MinGW compiler.

  Ulf Moeller

Changes between 0.9.7 and 0.9.7a [19 Feb 2003]

• In ssl3_get_record (ssl/s3_pkt.c), minimize information leaked via timing by performing a MAC computation even if incorrect block cipher padding has been found. This is a countermeasure against active attacks where the attacker has to distinguish between bad padding and a MAC verification error. (CVE-2003-0078)

  Bodo Moeller; problem pointed out by Brice Canvel (EPFL), Alain Hiltgen (UBS), Serge Vaudenay (EPFL), and Martin Vuagnoux (EPFL, Ilion)

• Make the no-err option work as intended. The intention with no-err is not to have the whole error stack handling routines removed from libcrypto, it's only intended to remove all the function name and reason texts, thereby removing some of the footprint that may not be interesting if those errors aren't displayed anyway.

  NOTE: it's still possible for any application or module to have its own set of error texts inserted. The routines are there, just not used by default when no-err is given.

  Richard Levitte

• Add support for FreeBSD on IA64.

  dirk.meyer@dinoex.sub.org via Richard Levitte, resolves #454

• Adjust DES_cbc_cksum() so it returns the same value as the MIT Kerberos function mit_des_cbc_cksum(). Before this change, the value returned by DES_cbc_cksum() was like the one from mit_des_cbc_cksum(), except the bytes were swapped.

  Kevin Greaney Kevin.Greaney@hp.com and Richard Levitte

• Allow an application to disable the automatic SSL chain building. Before this a rather primitive chain build was always performed in ssl3_output_cert_chain(): an application had no way to send the correct chain if the automatic operation produced an incorrect result.

  Now the chain builder is disabled if either:

  1. Extra certificates are added via SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert().

  2. The mode flag SSL_MODE_NO_AUTO_CHAIN is set.

  The reasoning behind this is that an application would not want the auto chain building to take place if extra chain certificates are present and it might also want a means of sending no additional certificates (for example the chain has two certificates and the root is omitted).

  Steve Henson

• Add the possibility to build without the ENGINE framework.

  Steven Reddie smr@essemer.com.au via Richard Levitte

• Under Win32 gmtime() can return NULL: check return value in OPENSSL_gmtime(). Add error code for case where gmtime() fails.

  Steve Henson

• DSA routines: under certain error conditions uninitialized BN objects could be freed. Solution: make sure initialization is performed early enough. (Reported and fix supplied by Ivan D Nestlerode nestler@MIT.EDU, Nils Larsch nla@trustcenter.de via PR#459)

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Another fix for SSLv2 session ID handling: the session ID was incorrectly checked on reconnect on the client side, therefore session resumption could still fail with a "ssl session id is different" error. This behaviour is masked when SSL_OP_ALL is used due to SSL_OP_MICROSOFT_SESS_ID_BUG being set. Behaviour observed by Crispin Flowerday crispin@flowerday.cx as followup to PR #377.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• IA-32 assembler support enhancements: unified ELF targets, support for SCO/Caldera platforms, fix for Cygwin shared build.

  Andy Polyakov

• Add support for FreeBSD on sparc64. As a consequence, support for FreeBSD on non-x86 processors is separate from x86 processors on the config script, much like the NetBSD support.

  Richard Levitte & Kris Kennaway kris@obsecurity.org

Changes between 0.9.6h and 0.9.7 [31 Dec 2002]

[NB: OpenSSL 0.9.6i and later 0.9.6 patch levels were released after OpenSSL 0.9.7.]

• Fix session ID handling in SSLv2 client code: the SERVER FINISHED code (06) was taken as the first octet of the session ID and the last octet was ignored consequently. As a result SSLv2 client side session caching could not have worked due to the session ID mismatch between client and server. Behaviour observed by Crispin Flowerday crispin@flowerday.cx as PR #377.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Change the declaration of needed Kerberos libraries to use EX_LIBS instead of the special (and badly supported) LIBKRB5. LIBKRB5 is removed entirely.

  Richard Levitte

• The hw_ncipher.c engine requires dynamic locks. Unfortunately, it seems that in spite of existing for more than a year, many application author have done nothing to provide the necessary callbacks, which means that this particular engine will not work properly anywhere. This is a very unfortunate situation which forces us, in the name of usability, to give the hw_ncipher.c a static lock, which is part of libcrypto. NOTE: This is for the 0.9.7 series ONLY. This hack will never appear in 0.9.8 or later. We EXPECT application authors to have dealt properly with this when 0.9.8 is released (unless we actually make such changes in the libcrypto locking code that changes will have to be made anyway).

  Richard Levitte

• In asn1_d2i_read_bio() repeatedly call BIO_read() until all content octets have been read, EOF or an error occurs. Without this change some truncated ASN1 structures will not produce an error.

  Steve Henson

• Disable Heimdal support, since it hasn't been fully implemented. Still give the possibility to force the use of Heimdal, but with warnings and a request that patches get sent to openssl-dev.

  Richard Levitte

• Add the VC-CE target, introduce the WINCE sysname, and add INSTALL.WCE and appropriate conditionals to make it build.

  Steven Reddie smr@essemer.com.au via Richard Levitte

• Change the DLL names for Cygwin to cygcrypto-x.y.z.dll and cygssl-x.y.z.dll, where x, y and z are the major, minor and edit numbers of the version.

  Corinna Vinschen vinschen@redhat.com and Richard Levitte

• Introduce safe string copy and catenation functions (BUF_strlcpy() and BUF_strlcat()).

  Ben Laurie (CHATS) and Richard Levitte

• Avoid using fixed-size buffers for one-line DNs.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Add BUF_MEM_grow_clean() to avoid information leakage when resizing buffers containing secrets, and use where appropriate.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Avoid using fixed size buffers for configuration file location.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Avoid filename truncation for various CA files.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Use sizeof in preference to magic numbers.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Avoid filename truncation in cert requests.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Add assertions to check for (supposedly impossible) buffer overflows.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Don't cache truncated DNS entries in the local cache (this could potentially lead to a spoofing attack).

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Fix various buffers to be large enough for hex/decimal representations in a platform independent manner.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Add CRYPTO_realloc_clean() to avoid information leakage when resizing buffers containing secrets, and use where appropriate.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Add BIO_indent() to avoid much slightly worrying code to do indents.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Convert sprintf()/BIO_puts() to BIO_printf().

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• buffer_gets() could terminate with the buffer only half full. Fixed.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Add assertions to prevent user-supplied crypto functions from overflowing internal buffers by having large block sizes, etc.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• New OPENSSL_assert() macro (similar to assert(), but enabled unconditionally).

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Eliminate unused copy of key in RC4.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Eliminate unused and incorrectly sized buffers for IV in pem.h.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Fix off-by-one error in EGD path.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• If RANDFILE path is too long, ignore instead of truncating.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Eliminate unused and incorrectly sized X.509 structure CBCParameter.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Eliminate unused and dangerous function knumber().

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Eliminate unused and dangerous structure, KSSL_ERR.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Protect against overlong session ID context length in an encoded session object. Since these are local, this does not appear to be exploitable.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Change from security patch (see 0.9.6e below) that did not affect the 0.9.6 release series:

  Remote buffer overflow in SSL3 protocol - an attacker could supply an oversized master key in Kerberos-enabled versions. (CVE-2002-0657)

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Change the SSL kerb5 codes to match RFC 2712.

  Richard Levitte

• Make -nameopt work fully for req and add -reqopt switch.

  Michael Bell michael.bell@rz.hu-berlin.de, Steve Henson

• The "block size" for block ciphers in CFB and OFB mode should be 1.

  Steve Henson, reported by Yngve Nysaeter Pettersen yngve@opera.com

• Make sure tests can be performed even if the corresponding algorithms have been removed entirely. This was also the last step to make OpenSSL compilable with DJGPP under all reasonable conditions.

  Richard Levitte, Doug Kaufman dkaufman@rahul.net

• Add cipher selection rules COMPLEMENTOFALL and COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT to allow version independent disabling of normally unselected ciphers, which may be activated as a side-effect of selecting a single cipher.

  (E.g., cipher list string "RSA" enables ciphersuites that are left out of "ALL" because they do not provide symmetric encryption. "RSA:!COMPLEMEMENTOFALL" avoids these unsafe ciphersuites.)

  Lutz Jaenicke, Bodo Moeller

• Add appropriate support for separate platform-dependent build directories. The recommended way to make a platform-dependent build directory is the following (tested on Linux), maybe with some local tweaks:

      # Place yourself outside of the OpenSSL source tree.  In
      # this example, the environment variable OPENSSL_SOURCE
      # is assumed to contain the absolute OpenSSL source directory.
      mkdir -p objtree/"`uname -s`-`uname -r`-`uname -m`"
      cd objtree/"`uname -s`-`uname -r`-`uname -m`"
      (cd $OPENSSL_SOURCE; find . -type f) | while read F; do
              mkdir -p `dirname $F`
              ln -s $OPENSSL_SOURCE/$F $F
      done
  

  To be absolutely sure not to disturb the source tree, a "make clean" is a good thing. If it isn't successful, don't worry about it, it probably means the source directory is very clean.

  Richard Levitte

• Make sure any ENGINE control commands make local copies of string pointers passed to them whenever necessary. Otherwise it is possible the caller may have overwritten (or deallocated) the original string data when a later ENGINE operation tries to use the stored values.

  Götz Babin-Ebell babinebell@trustcenter.de

• Improve diagnostics in file reading and command-line digests.

  Ben Laurie aided and abetted by Solar Designer solar@openwall.com

• Add AES modes CFB and OFB to the object database. Correct an error in AES-CFB decryption.

  Richard Levitte

• Remove most calls to EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup() in evp_enc.c, this allows existing EVP_CIPHER_CTX structures to be reused after calling EVP_*Final(). This behaviour is used by encryption BIOs and some applications. This has the side effect that applications must explicitly clean up cipher contexts with EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup() or they will leak memory.

  Steve Henson

• Check the values of dna and dnb in bn_mul_recursive before calling bn_mul_comba (a non zero value means the a or b arrays do not contain n2 elements) and fallback to bn_mul_normal if either is not zero.

  Steve Henson

• Fix escaping of non-ASCII characters when using the -subj option of the "openssl req" command line tool. (Robert Joop joop@fokus.gmd.de)

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Make object definitions compliant to LDAP (RFC2256): SN is the short form for "surname", serialNumber has no short form. Use "mail" as the short name for "rfc822Mailbox" according to RFC2798; therefore remove "mail" short name for "internet 7". The OID for unique identifiers in X509 certificates is x500UniqueIdentifier, not uniqueIdentifier. Some more OID additions. (Michael Bell michael.bell@rz.hu-berlin.de)

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Add an "init" command to the ENGINE config module and auto initialize ENGINEs. Without any "init" command the ENGINE will be initialized after all ctrl commands have been executed on it. If init=1 the ENGINE is initialized at that point (ctrls before that point are run on the uninitialized ENGINE and after on the initialized one). If init=0 then the ENGINE will not be initialized at all.

  Steve Henson

• Fix the 'app_verify_callback' interface so that the user-defined argument is actually passed to the callback: In the SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback() prototype, the callback declaration has been changed from int (*cb)() into int (*cb)(X509_STORE_CTX *,void *); in ssl_verify_cert_chain (ssl/ssl_cert.c), the call i=s->ctx->app_verify_callback(&ctx) has been changed into i=s->ctx->app_verify_callback(&ctx, s->ctx->app_verify_arg).

  To update applications using SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback(), a dummy argument can be added to their callback functions.

  D. K. Smetters smetters@parc.xerox.com

• Added the '4758cca' ENGINE to support IBM 4758 cards.

  Maurice Gittens maurice@gittens.nl, touchups by Geoff Thorpe

• Add and OPENSSL_LOAD_CONF define which will cause OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms() to load the openssl.cnf config file. This allows older applications to transparently support certain OpenSSL features: such as crypto acceleration and dynamic ENGINE loading. Two new functions OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_noconf() which will never load the config file and OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_conf() which will always load it have also been added.

  Steve Henson

• Add the OFB, CFB and CTR (all with 128 bit feedback) to AES. Adjust NIDs and EVP layer.

  Stephen Sprunk stephen@sprunk.org and Richard Levitte

• Config modules support in openssl utility.

  Most commands now load modules from the config file, though in a few (such as version) this isn't done because it couldn't be used for anything.

  In the case of ca and req the config file used is the same as the utility itself: that is the -config command line option can be used to specify an alternative file.

  Steve Henson

• Move default behaviour from OPENSSL_config(). If appname is NULL use "openssl_conf" if filename is NULL use default openssl config file.

  Steve Henson

• Add an argument to OPENSSL_config() to allow the use of an alternative config section name. Add a new flag to tolerate a missing config file and move code to CONF_modules_load_file().

  Steve Henson

• Support for crypto accelerator cards from Accelerated Encryption Processing, www.aep.ie. (Use engine 'aep') The support was copied from 0.9.6c [engine] and adapted/corrected to work with the new engine framework.

  AEP Inc. and Richard Levitte

• Support for SureWare crypto accelerator cards from Baltimore Technologies. (Use engine 'sureware') The support was copied from 0.9.6c [engine] and adapted to work with the new engine framework.

  Richard Levitte

• Have the CHIL engine fork-safe (as defined by nCipher) and actually make the newer ENGINE framework commands for the CHIL engine work.

  Toomas Kiisk vix@cyber.ee and Richard Levitte

• Make it possible to produce shared libraries on ReliantUNIX.

  Robert Dahlem Robert.Dahlem@ffm2.siemens.de via Richard Levitte

• Add the configuration target debug-linux-ppro. Make 'openssl rsa' use the general key loading routines implemented in apps.c, and make those routines able to handle the key format FORMAT_NETSCAPE and the variant FORMAT_IISSGC.

  Toomas Kiisk vix@cyber.ee via Richard Levitte

• Fix a crashbug and a logic bug in hwcrhk_load_pubkey().

  Toomas Kiisk vix@cyber.ee via Richard Levitte

• Add -keyform to rsautl, and document -engine.

  Richard Levitte, inspired by Toomas Kiisk vix@cyber.ee

• Change BIO_new_file (crypto/bio/bss_file.c) to use new BIO_R_NO_SUCH_FILE error code rather than the generic ERR_R_SYS_LIB error code if fopen() fails with ENOENT.

  Ben Laurie

• Add new functions ERR_peek_last_error ERR_peek_last_error_line ERR_peek_last_error_line_data. These are similar to ERR_peek_error ERR_peek_error_line ERR_peek_error_line_data, but report on the latest error recorded rather than the first one still in the error queue.

  Ben Laurie, Bodo Moeller

• default_algorithms option in ENGINE config module. This allows things like: default_algorithms = ALL default_algorithms = RSA, DSA, RAND, CIPHERS, DIGESTS

  Steve Henson

• Preliminary ENGINE config module.

  Steve Henson

• New experimental application configuration code.

  Steve Henson

• Change the AES code to follow the same name structure as all other symmetric ciphers, and behave the same way. Move everything to the directory crypto/aes, thereby obsoleting crypto/rijndael.

  Stephen Sprunk stephen@sprunk.org and Richard Levitte

• SECURITY: remove unsafe setjmp/signal interaction from ui_openssl.c.

  Ben Laurie and Theo de Raadt

• Add option to output public keys in req command.

  Massimiliano Pala madwolf@openca.org

• Use wNAFs in EC_POINTs_mul() for improved efficiency (up to about 10% better than before for P-192 and P-224).

  Bodo Moeller

• New functions/macros

      SSL_CTX_set_msg_callback(ctx, cb)
      SSL_CTX_set_msg_callback_arg(ctx, arg)
      SSL_set_msg_callback(ssl, cb)
      SSL_set_msg_callback_arg(ssl, arg)
  

  to request calling a callback function

      void cb(int write_p, int version, int content_type,
              const void *buf, size_t len, SSL *ssl, void *arg)
  

  whenever a protocol message has been completely received (write_p == 0) or sent (write_p == 1). Here 'version' is the protocol version according to which the SSL library interprets the current protocol message (SSL2_VERSION, SSL3_VERSION, or TLS1_VERSION). 'content_type' is 0 in the case of SSL 2.0, or the content type as defined in the SSL 3.0/TLS 1.0 protocol specification (change_cipher_spec(20), alert(21), handshake(22)). 'buf' and 'len' point to the actual message, 'ssl' to the SSL object, and 'arg' is the application-defined value set by SSL[_CTX]_set_msg_callback_arg().

  'openssl s_client' and 'openssl s_server' have new '-msg' options to enable a callback that displays all protocol messages.

  Bodo Moeller

• Change the shared library support so shared libraries are built as soon as the corresponding static library is finished, and thereby get openssl and the test programs linked against the shared library. This still only happens when the keyword "shard" has been given to the configuration scripts.

  NOTE: shared library support is still an experimental thing, and backward binary compatibility is still not guaranteed.

  "Maciej W. Rozycki" macro@ds2.pg.gda.pl and Richard Levitte

• Add support for Subject Information Access extension.

  Peter Sylvester Peter.Sylvester@EdelWeb.fr

• Make BUF_MEM_grow() behaviour more consistent: Initialise to zero additional bytes when new memory had to be allocated, not just when reusing an existing buffer.

  Bodo Moeller

• New command line and configuration option 'utf8' for the req command. This allows field values to be specified as UTF8 strings.

  Steve Henson

• Add -multi and -mr options to "openssl speed" - giving multiple parallel runs for the former and machine-readable output for the latter.

  Ben Laurie

• Add '-noemailDN' option to 'openssl ca'. This prevents inclusion of the e-mail address in the DN (i.e., it will go into a certificate extension only). The new configuration file option 'email_in_dn = no' has the same effect.

  Massimiliano Pala madwolf@openca.org

• Change all functions with names starting with des_ to be starting with DES_ instead. Add wrappers that are compatible with libdes, but are named _ossl_old_des_*. Finally, add macros that map the des_* symbols to the corresponding _ossl_old_des_* if libdes compatibility is desired. If OpenSSL 0.9.6c compatibility is desired, the des_* symbols will be mapped to DES_*, with one exception.

  Since we provide two compatibility mappings, the user needs to define the macro OPENSSL_DES_LIBDES_COMPATIBILITY if libdes compatibility is desired. The default (i.e., when that macro isn't defined) is OpenSSL 0.9.6c compatibility.

  There are also macros that enable and disable the support of old des functions altogether. Those are OPENSSL_ENABLE_OLD_DES_SUPPORT and OPENSSL_DISABLE_OLD_DES_SUPPORT. If none or both of those are defined, the default will apply: to support the old des routines.

  In either case, one must include openssl/des.h to get the correct definitions. Do not try to just include openssl/des_old.h, that won't work.

  NOTE: This is a major break of an old API into a new one. Software authors are encouraged to switch to the DES_ style functions. Some time in the future, des_old.h and the libdes compatibility functions will be disable (i.e. OPENSSL_DISABLE_OLD_DES_SUPPORT will be the default), and then completely removed.

  Richard Levitte

• Test for certificates which contain unsupported critical extensions. If such a certificate is found during a verify operation it is rejected by default: this behaviour can be overridden by either handling the new error X509_V_ERR_UNHANDLED_CRITICAL_EXTENSION or by setting the verify flag X509_V_FLAG_IGNORE_CRITICAL. A new function X509_supported_extension() has also been added which returns 1 if a particular extension is supported.

  Steve Henson

• Modify the behaviour of EVP cipher functions in similar way to digests to retain compatibility with existing code.

  Steve Henson

• Modify the behaviour of EVP_DigestInit() and EVP_DigestFinal() to retain compatibility with existing code. In particular the 'ctx' parameter does not have to be to be initialized before the call to EVP_DigestInit() and it is tidied up after a call to EVP_DigestFinal(). New function EVP_DigestFinal_ex() which does not tidy up the ctx. Similarly function EVP_MD_CTX_copy() changed to not require the destination to be initialized valid and new function EVP_MD_CTX_copy_ex() added which requires the destination to be valid.

  Modify all the OpenSSL digest calls to use EVP_DigestInit_ex(), EVP_DigestFinal_ex() and EVP_MD_CTX_copy_ex().

  Steve Henson

• Change ssl3_get_message (ssl/s3_both.c) and the functions using it so that complete 'Handshake' protocol structures are kept in memory instead of overwriting 'msg_type' and 'length' with 'body' data.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add an implementation of SSL_add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack for Win32.

  Massimo Santin via Richard Levitte

• Major restructuring to the underlying ENGINE code. This includes reduction of linker bloat, separation of pure "ENGINE" manipulation (initialisation, etc) from functionality dealing with implementations of specific crypto interfaces. This change also introduces integrated support for symmetric ciphers and digest implementations - so ENGINEs can now accelerate these by providing EVP_CIPHER and EVP_MD implementations of their own. This is detailed in crypto/engine/README.md as it couldn't be adequately described here. However, there are a few API changes worth noting - some RSA, DSA, DH, and RAND functions that were changed in the original introduction of ENGINE code have now reverted back - the hooking from this code to ENGINE is now a good deal more passive and at run-time, operations deal directly with RSA_METHODs, DSA_METHODs (etc) as they did before, rather than dereferencing through an ENGINE pointer any more. Also, the ENGINE functions dealing with BN_MOD_EXP[_CRT] handlers have been removed - they were not being used by the framework as there is no concept of a BIGNUM_METHOD and they could not be generalised to the new 'ENGINE_TABLE' mechanism that underlies the new code. Similarly, ENGINE_cpy() has been removed as it cannot be consistently defined in the new code.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Change ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_check() to allow fractional seconds.

  Steve Henson

• Change mkdef.pl to sort symbols that get the same entry number, and make sure the automatically generated functions ERR_load_* become part of libeay.num as well.

  Richard Levitte

• New function SSL_renegotiate_pending(). This returns true once renegotiation has been requested (either SSL_renegotiate() call or HelloRequest/ClientHello received from the peer) and becomes false once a handshake has been completed. (For servers, SSL_renegotiate() followed by SSL_do_handshake() sends a HelloRequest, but does not ensure that a handshake takes place. SSL_renegotiate_pending() is useful for checking if the client has followed the request.)

  Bodo Moeller

• New SSL option SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION. By default, clients may request session resumption even during renegotiation (if session ID contexts permit); with this option, session resumption is possible only in the first handshake.

  SSL_OP_ALL is now 0x00000FFFL instead of 0x000FFFFFL. This makes more bits available for options that should not be part of SSL_OP_ALL (such as SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION).

  Bodo Moeller

• Add some demos for certificate and certificate request creation.

  Steve Henson

• Make maximum certificate chain size accepted from the peer application settable (SSL*_get/set_max_cert_list()), as proposed by "Douglas E. Engert" deengert@anl.gov.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Add support for shared libraries for Unixware-7 (Boyd Lynn Gerber gerberb@zenez.com).

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Add a "destroy" handler to ENGINEs that allows structural cleanup to be done prior to destruction. Use this to unload error strings from ENGINEs that load their own error strings. NB: This adds two new API functions to "get" and "set" this destroy handler in an ENGINE.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Alter all existing ENGINE implementations (except "openssl" and "openbsd") to dynamically instantiate their own error strings. This makes them more flexible to be built both as statically-linked ENGINEs and self-contained shared-libraries loadable via the "dynamic" ENGINE. Also, add stub code to each that makes building them as self-contained shared-libraries easier (see README-Engine.md).

  Geoff Thorpe

• Add a "dynamic" ENGINE that provides a mechanism for binding ENGINE implementations into applications that are completely implemented in self-contained shared-libraries. The "dynamic" ENGINE exposes control commands that can be used to configure what shared-library to load and to control aspects of the way it is handled. Also, made an update to the README-Engine.md file that brings its information up-to-date and provides some information and instructions on the "dynamic" ENGINE (ie. how to use it, how to build "dynamic"-loadable ENGINEs, etc).

  Geoff Thorpe

• Make it possible to unload ranges of ERR strings with a new "ERR_unload_strings" function.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Add a copy() function to EVP_MD.

  Ben Laurie

• Make EVP_MD routines take a context pointer instead of just the md_data void pointer.

  Ben Laurie

• Add flags to EVP_MD and EVP_MD_CTX. EVP_MD_FLAG_ONESHOT indicates that the digest can only process a single chunk of data (typically because it is provided by a piece of hardware). EVP_MD_CTX_FLAG_ONESHOT indicates that the application is only going to provide a single chunk of data, and hence the framework needn't accumulate the data for oneshot drivers.

  Ben Laurie

• As with "ERR", make it possible to replace the underlying "ex_data" functions. This change also alters the storage and management of global ex_data state - it's now all inside ex_data.c and all "class" code (eg. RSA, BIO, SSL_CTX, etc) no longer stores its own STACKS and per-class index counters. The API functions that use this state have been changed to take a "class_index" rather than pointers to the class's local STACK and counter, and there is now an API function to dynamically create new classes. This centralisation allows us to (a) plug a lot of the thread-safety problems that existed, and (b) makes it possible to clean up all allocated state using "CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data()". W.r.t. (b) such data would previously have always leaked in application code and workarounds were in place to make the memory debugging turn a blind eye to it. Application code that doesn't use this new function will still leak as before, but their memory debugging output will announce it now rather than letting it slide.

  Besides the addition of CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data(), another API change induced by the "ex_data" overhaul is that X509_STORE_CTX_init() now has a return value to indicate success or failure.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Make it possible to replace the underlying "ERR" functions such that the global state (2 LHASH tables and 2 locks) is only used by the "default" implementation. This change also adds two functions to "get" and "set" the implementation prior to it being automatically set the first time any other ERR function takes place. Ie. an application can call "get", pass the return value to a module it has just loaded, and that module can call its own "set" function using that value. This means the module's "ERR" operations will use (and modify) the error state in the application and not in its own statically linked copy of OpenSSL code.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Give DH, DSA, and RSA types their own *_up_ref() function to increment reference counts. This performs normal REF_PRINT/REF_CHECK macros on the operation, and provides a more encapsulated way for external code (crypto/evp/ and ssl/) to do this. Also changed the evp and ssl code to use these functions rather than manually incrementing the counts.

  Also rename "DSO_up()" function to more descriptive "DSO_up_ref()".

  Geoff Thorpe

• Add EVP test program.

  Ben Laurie

• Add symmetric cipher support to ENGINE. Expect the API to change!

  Ben Laurie

• New CRL functions: X509_CRL_set_version(), X509_CRL_set_issuer_name() X509_CRL_set_lastUpdate(), X509_CRL_set_nextUpdate(), X509_CRL_sort(), X509_REVOKED_set_serialNumber(), and X509_REVOKED_set_revocationDate(). These allow a CRL to be built without having to access X509_CRL fields directly. Modify 'ca' application to use new functions.

  Steve Henson

• Move SSL_OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG out of the SSL_OP_ALL list of recommended bug workarounds. Rollback attack detection is a security feature. The problem will only arise on OpenSSL servers when TLSv1 is not available (sslv3_server_method() or SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1). Software authors not wanting to support TLSv1 will have special reasons for their choice and can explicitly enable this option.

  Bodo Moeller, Lutz Jaenicke

• Rationalise EVP so it can be extended: don't include a union of cipher/digest structures, add init/cleanup functions for EVP_MD_CTX (similar to those existing for EVP_CIPHER_CTX). Usage example:

      EVP_MD_CTX md;
  
      EVP_MD_CTX_init(&md);             /* new function call */
      EVP_DigestInit(&md, EVP_sha1());
      EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, in, len);
      EVP_DigestFinal(&md, out, NULL);
      EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(&md);          /* new function call */
  

  Ben Laurie

• Make DES key schedule conform to the usual scheme, as well as correcting its structure. This means that calls to DES functions now have to pass a pointer to a des_key_schedule instead of a plain des_key_schedule (which was actually always a pointer anyway): E.g.,

      des_key_schedule ks;
  
      des_set_key_checked(..., &ks);
      des_ncbc_encrypt(..., &ks, ...);
  

  (Note that a later change renames 'des_...' into 'DES_...'.)

  Ben Laurie

• Initial reduction of linker bloat: the use of some functions, such as PEM causes large amounts of unused functions to be linked in due to poor organisation. For example pem_all.c contains every PEM function which has a knock on effect of linking in large amounts of (unused) ASN1 code. Grouping together similar functions and splitting unrelated functions prevents this.

  Steve Henson

• Cleanup of EVP macros.

  Ben Laurie

• Change historical references to {NID,SN,LN}_des_ede and ede3 to add the correct _ecb suffix.

  Ben Laurie

• Add initial OCSP responder support to ocsp application. The revocation information is handled using the text based index use by the ca application. The responder can either handle requests generated internally, supplied in files (for example via a CGI script) or using an internal minimal server.

  Steve Henson

• Add configuration choices to get zlib compression for TLS.

  Richard Levitte

• Changes to Kerberos SSL for RFC 2712 compliance:

  1. Implemented real KerberosWrapper, instead of just using KRB5 AP_REQ message. [Thanks to Simon Wilkinson sxw@sxw.org.uk]
  2. Implemented optional authenticator field of KerberosWrapper.

  Added openssl-style ASN.1 macros for Kerberos ticket, ap_req, and authenticator structs; see crypto/krb5/.

  Generalized Kerberos calls to support multiple Kerberos libraries. Vern Staats staatsvr@asc.hpc.mil, Jeffrey Altman jaltman@columbia.edu via Richard Levitte

• Cause 'openssl speed' to use fully hard-coded DSA keys as it already does with RSA. testdsa.h now has 'priv_key/pub_key' values for each of the key sizes rather than having just parameters (and 'speed' generating keys each time).

  Geoff Thorpe

• Speed up EVP routines. Before: crypt pe 8 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes s-cbc 4408.85k 5560.51k 5778.46k 5862.20k 5825.16k s-cbc 4389.55k 5571.17k 5792.23k 5846.91k 5832.11k s-cbc 4394.32k 5575.92k 5807.44k 5848.37k 5841.30k crypt s-cbc 3482.66k 5069.49k 5496.39k 5614.16k 5639.28k s-cbc 3480.74k 5068.76k 5510.34k 5609.87k 5635.52k s-cbc 3483.72k 5067.62k 5504.60k 5708.01k 5724.80k After: crypt s-cbc 4660.16k 5650.19k 5807.19k 5827.13k 5783.32k crypt s-cbc 3624.96k 5258.21k 5530.91k 5624.30k 5628.26k

  Ben Laurie

• Added the OS2-EMX target.

  "Brian Havard" brianh@kheldar.apana.org.au and Richard Levitte

• Rewrite commands to use NCONF routines instead of the old CONF. New functions to support NCONF routines in extension code. New function CONF_set_nconf() to allow functions which take an NCONF to also handle the old LHASH structure: this means that the old CONF compatible routines can be retained (in particular w.rt. extensions) without having to duplicate the code. New function X509V3_add_ext_nconf_sk() to add extensions to a stack.

  Steve Henson

• Enhance the general user interface with mechanisms for inner control and with possibilities to have yes/no kind of prompts.

  Richard Levitte

• Change all calls to low-level digest routines in the library and applications to use EVP. Add missing calls to HMAC_cleanup() and don't assume HMAC_CTX can be copied using memcpy().

  Verdon Walker VWalker@novell.com, Steve Henson

• Add the possibility to control engines through control names but with arbitrary arguments instead of just a string. Change the key loaders to take a UI_METHOD instead of a callback function pointer. NOTE: this breaks binary compatibility with earlier versions of OpenSSL [engine]. Adapt the nCipher code for these new conditions and add a card insertion callback.

  Richard Levitte

• Enhance the general user interface with mechanisms to better support dialog box interfaces, application-defined prompts, the possibility to use defaults (for example default passwords from somewhere else) and interrupts/cancellations.

  Richard Levitte

• Tidy up PKCS#12 attribute handling. Add support for the CSP name attribute in PKCS#12 files, add new -CSP option to pkcs12 utility.

  Steve Henson

• Fix a memory leak in 'sk_dup()' in the case reallocation fails. (Also tidy up some unnecessarily weird code in 'sk_new()').

  Geoff, reported by Diego Tartara dtartara@novamens.com

• Change the key loading routines for ENGINEs to use the same kind callback (pem_password_cb) as all other routines that need this kind of callback.

  Richard Levitte

• Increase ENTROPY_NEEDED to 32 bytes, as Rijndael can operate with 256 bit (=32 byte) keys. Of course seeding with more entropy bytes than this minimum value is recommended.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• New random seeder for OpenVMS, using the system process statistics that are easily reachable.

  Richard Levitte

• Windows apparently can't transparently handle global variables defined in DLLs. Initialisations such as:

      const ASN1_ITEM *it = &ASN1_INTEGER_it;
  

  won't compile. This is used by the any applications that need to declare their own ASN1 modules. This was fixed by adding the option EXPORT_VAR_AS_FN to all Win32 platforms, although this isn't strictly needed for static libraries under Win32.

  Steve Henson

• New functions X509_PURPOSE_set() and X509_TRUST_set() to handle setting of purpose and trust fields. New X509_STORE trust and purpose functions and tidy up setting in other SSL functions.

  Steve Henson

• Add copies of X509_STORE_CTX fields and callbacks to X509_STORE structure. These are inherited by X509_STORE_CTX when it is initialised. This allows various defaults to be set in the X509_STORE structure (such as flags for CRL checking and custom purpose or trust settings) for functions which only use X509_STORE_CTX internally such as S/MIME.

  Modify X509_STORE_CTX_purpose_inherit() so it only sets purposes and trust settings if they are not set in X509_STORE. This allows X509_STORE purposes and trust (in S/MIME for example) to override any set by default.

  Add command line options for CRL checking to smime, s_client and s_server applications.

  Steve Henson

• Initial CRL based revocation checking. If the CRL checking flag(s) are set then the CRL is looked up in the X509_STORE structure and its validity and signature checked, then if the certificate is found in the CRL the verify fails with a revoked error.

  Various new CRL related callbacks added to X509_STORE_CTX structure.

  Command line options added to 'verify' application to support this.

  This needs some additional work, such as being able to handle multiple CRLs with different times, extension based lookup (rather than just by subject name) and ultimately more complete V2 CRL extension handling.

  Steve Henson

• Add a general user interface API (crypto/ui/). This is designed to replace things like des_read_password and friends (backward compatibility functions using this new API are provided). The purpose is to remove prompting functions from the DES code section as well as provide for prompting through dialog boxes in a window system and the like.

  Richard Levitte

• Add "ex_data" support to ENGINE so implementations can add state at a per-structure level rather than having to store it globally.

  Geoff

• Make it possible for ENGINE structures to be copied when retrieved by ENGINE_by_id() if the ENGINE specifies a new flag: ENGINE_FLAGS_BY_ID_COPY. This causes the "original" ENGINE structure to act like a template, analogous to the RSA vs. RSA_METHOD type of separation. Because of this operational state can be localised to each ENGINE structure, despite the fact they all share the same "methods". New ENGINE structures returned in this case have no functional references and the return value is the single structural reference. This matches the single structural reference returned by ENGINE_by_id() normally, when it is incremented on the pre-existing ENGINE structure.

  Geoff

• Fix ASN1 decoder when decoding type ANY and V_ASN1_OTHER: since this needs to match any other type at all we need to manually clear the tag cache.

  Steve Henson

• Changes to the "openssl engine" utility to include;

  • verbosity levels ('-v', '-vv', and '-vvv') that provide information about an ENGINE's available control commands.
  • executing control commands from command line arguments using the '-pre' and '-post' switches. '-post' is only used if '-t' is specified and the ENGINE is successfully initialised. The syntax for the individual commands are colon-separated, for example; openssl engine chil -pre FORK_CHECK:0 -pre SO_PATH:/lib/test.so

  Geoff

• New dynamic control command support for ENGINEs. ENGINEs can now declare their own commands (numbers), names (strings), descriptions, and input types for run-time discovery by calling applications. A subset of these commands are implicitly classed as "executable" depending on their input type, and only these can be invoked through the new string-based API function ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(). (Eg. this can be based on user input, config files, etc). The distinction is that "executable" commands cannot return anything other than a boolean result and can only support numeric or string input, whereas some discoverable commands may only be for direct use through ENGINE_ctrl(), eg. supporting the exchange of binary data, function pointers, or other custom uses. The "executable" commands are to support parameterisations of ENGINE behaviour that can be unambiguously defined by ENGINEs and used consistently across any OpenSSL-based application. Commands have been added to all the existing hardware-supporting ENGINEs, noticeably "SO_PATH" to allow control over shared-library paths without source code alterations.

  Geoff

• Changed all ENGINE implementations to dynamically allocate their ENGINEs rather than declaring them statically. Apart from this being necessary with the removal of the ENGINE_FLAGS_MALLOCED distinction, this also allows the implementations to compile without using the internal engine_int.h header.

  Geoff

• Minor adjustment to "rand" code. RAND_get_rand_method() now returns a 'const' value. Any code that should be able to modify a RAND_METHOD should already have non-const pointers to it (ie. they should only modify their own ones).

  Geoff

• Made a variety of little tweaks to the ENGINE code.

  • "atalla" and "ubsec" string definitions were moved from header files to C code. "nuron" string definitions were placed in variables rather than hard-coded - allowing parameterisation of these values later on via ctrl() commands.
  • Removed unused "#if 0"'d code.
  • Fixed engine list iteration code so it uses ENGINE_free() to release structural references.
  • Constified the RAND_METHOD element of ENGINE structures.
  • Constified various get/set functions as appropriate and added missing functions (including a catch-all ENGINE_cpy that duplicates all ENGINE values onto a new ENGINE except reference counts/state).
  • Removed NULL parameter checks in get/set functions. Setting a method or function to NULL is a way of cancelling out a previously set value. Passing a NULL ENGINE parameter is just plain stupid anyway and doesn't justify the extra error symbols and code.
  • Deprecate the ENGINE_FLAGS_MALLOCED define and move the area for flags from engine_int.h to engine.h.
  • Changed prototypes for ENGINE handler functions (init(), finish(), ctrl(), key-load functions, etc) to take an (ENGINE*) parameter.

  Geoff

• Implement binary inversion algorithm for BN_mod_inverse in addition to the algorithm using long division. The binary algorithm can be used only if the modulus is odd. On 32-bit systems, it is faster only for relatively small moduli (roughly 20-30% for 128-bit moduli, roughly 5-15% for 256-bit moduli), so we use it only for moduli up to 450 bits. In 64-bit environments, the binary algorithm appears to be advantageous for much longer moduli; here we use it for moduli up to 2048 bits.

  Bodo Moeller

• Rewrite CHOICE field setting in ASN1_item_ex_d2i(). The old code could not support the combine flag in choice fields.

  Steve Henson

• Add a 'copy_extensions' option to the 'ca' utility. This copies extensions from a certificate request to the certificate.

  Steve Henson

• Allow multiple 'certopt' and 'nameopt' options to be separated by commas. Add 'namopt' and 'certopt' options to the 'ca' config file: this allows the display of the certificate about to be signed to be customised, to allow certain fields to be included or excluded and extension details. The old system didn't display multicharacter strings properly, omitted fields not in the policy and couldn't display additional details such as extensions.

  Steve Henson

• Function EC_POINTs_mul for multiple scalar multiplication of an arbitrary number of elliptic curve points \sum scalars[i]points[i], optionally including the generator defined for the EC_GROUP: scalargenerator + \sum scalars[i]*points[i].

  EC_POINT_mul is a simple wrapper function for the typical case that the point list has just one item (besides the optional generator).

  Bodo Moeller

• First EC_METHODs for curves over GF(p):

  EC_GFp_simple_method() uses the basic BN_mod_mul and BN_mod_sqr operations and provides various method functions that can also operate with faster implementations of modular arithmetic.

  EC_GFp_mont_method() reuses most functions that are part of EC_GFp_simple_method, but uses Montgomery arithmetic.

  Bodo Moeller; point addition and point doubling implementation directly derived from source code provided by Lenka Fibikova fibikova@exp-math.uni-essen.de

• Framework for elliptic curves (crypto/ec/ec.h, crypto/ec/ec_lcl.h, crypto/ec/ec_lib.c):

  Curves are EC_GROUP objects (with an optional group generator) based on EC_METHODs that are built into the library.

  Points are EC_POINT objects based on EC_GROUP objects.

  Most of the framework would be able to handle curves over arbitrary finite fields, but as there are no obvious types for fields other than GF(p), some functions are limited to that for now.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add the -HTTP option to s_server. It is similar to -WWW, but requires that the file contains a complete HTTP response.

  Richard Levitte

• Add the ec directory to mkdef.pl and mkfiles.pl. In mkdef.pl change the def and num file printf format specifier from "%-40sXXX" to "%-39s XXX". The latter will always guarantee a space after the field while the former will cause them to run together if the field is 40 of more characters long.

  Steve Henson

• Constify the cipher and digest 'method' functions and structures and modify related functions to take constant EVP_MD and EVP_CIPHER pointers.

  Steve Henson

• Hide BN_CTX structure details in bn_lcl.h instead of publishing them in <openssl/bn.h>. Also further increase BN_CTX_NUM to 32.

  Bodo Moeller

• Modify EVP_Digest*() routines so they now return values. Although the internal software routines can never fail additional hardware versions might.

  Steve Henson

• Clean up crypto/err/err.h and change some error codes to avoid conflicts:

  Previously ERR_R_FATAL was too small and coincided with ERR_LIB_PKCS7 (= ERR_R_PKCS7_LIB); it is now 64 instead of 32.

  ASN1 error codes ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR ... ERR_R_MISSING_ASN1_EOS were 4 .. 9, conflicting with ERR_LIB_RSA (= ERR_R_RSA_LIB) ... ERR_LIB_PEM (= ERR_R_PEM_LIB). They are now 58 .. 63 (i.e., just below ERR_R_FATAL).

  Add new error code 'ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR'.

  Bodo Moeller

• Don't overuse locks in crypto/err/err.c: For data retrieval, CRYPTO_r_lock suffices.

  Bodo Moeller

• New option '-subj arg' for 'openssl req' and 'openssl ca'. This sets the subject name for a new request or supersedes the subject name in a given request. Formats that can be parsed are 'CN=Some Name, OU=myOU, C=IT' and 'CN=Some Name/OU=myOU/C=IT'.

  Add options '-batch' and '-verbose' to 'openssl req'.

  Massimiliano Pala madwolf@hackmasters.net

• Introduce the possibility to access global variables through functions on platform were that's the best way to handle exporting global variables in shared libraries. To enable this functionality, one must configure with "EXPORT_VAR_AS_FN" or defined the C macro "OPENSSL_EXPORT_VAR_AS_FUNCTION" in crypto/opensslconf.h (the latter is normally done by Configure or something similar).

  To implement a global variable, use the macro OPENSSL_IMPLEMENT_GLOBAL in the source file (foo.c) like this:

      OPENSSL_IMPLEMENT_GLOBAL(int,foo)=1;
      OPENSSL_IMPLEMENT_GLOBAL(double,bar);
  

  To declare a global variable, use the macros OPENSSL_DECLARE_GLOBAL and OPENSSL_GLOBAL_REF in the header file (foo.h) like this:

      OPENSSL_DECLARE_GLOBAL(int,foo);
      #define foo OPENSSL_GLOBAL_REF(foo)
      OPENSSL_DECLARE_GLOBAL(double,bar);
      #define bar OPENSSL_GLOBAL_REF(bar)
  

  The #defines are very important, and therefore so is including the header file everywhere where the defined globals are used.

  The macro OPENSSL_EXPORT_VAR_AS_FUNCTION also affects the definition of ASN.1 items, but that structure is a bit different.

  The largest change is in util/mkdef.pl which has been enhanced with better and easier to understand logic to choose which symbols should go into the Windows .def files as well as a number of fixes and code cleanup (among others, algorithm keywords are now sorted lexicographically to avoid constant rewrites).

  Richard Levitte

• In BN_div() keep a copy of the sign of 'num' before writing the result to 'rm' because if rm==num the value will be overwritten and produce the wrong result if 'num' is negative: this caused problems with BN_mod() and BN_nnmod().

  Steve Henson

• Function OCSP_request_verify(). This checks the signature on an OCSP request and verifies the signer certificate. The signer certificate is just checked for a generic purpose and OCSP request trust settings.

  Steve Henson

• Add OCSP_check_validity() function to check the validity of OCSP responses. OCSP responses are prepared in real time and may only be a few seconds old. Simply checking that the current time lies between thisUpdate and nextUpdate max reject otherwise valid responses caused by either OCSP responder or client clock inaccuracy. Instead we allow thisUpdate and nextUpdate to fall within a certain period of the current time. The age of the response can also optionally be checked. Two new options -validity_period and -status_age added to ocsp utility.

  Steve Henson

• If signature or public key algorithm is unrecognized print out its OID rather that just UNKNOWN.

  Steve Henson

• Change OCSP_cert_to_id() to tolerate a NULL subject certificate and OCSP_cert_id_new() a NULL serialNumber. This allows a partial certificate ID to be generated from the issuer certificate alone which can then be passed to OCSP_id_issuer_cmp().

  Steve Henson

• New compilation option ASN1_ITEM_FUNCTIONS. This causes the new ASN1 modules to export functions returning ASN1_ITEM pointers instead of the ASN1_ITEM structures themselves. This adds several new macros which allow the underlying ASN1 function/structure to be accessed transparently. As a result code should not use ASN1_ITEM references directly (such as &X509_it) but instead use the relevant macros (such as ASN1_ITEM_rptr(X509)). This option is to allow use of the new ASN1 code on platforms where exporting structures is problematical (for example in shared libraries) but exporting functions returning pointers to structures is not.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for overriding the generation of SSL/TLS session IDs. These callbacks can be registered either in an SSL_CTX or per SSL. The purpose of this is to allow applications to control, if they wish, the arbitrary values chosen for use as session IDs, particularly as it can be useful for session caching in multiple-server environments. A command-line switch for testing this (and any client code that wishes to use such a feature) has been added to "s_server".

  Geoff Thorpe, Lutz Jaenicke

• Modify mkdef.pl to recognise and parse preprocessor conditionals of the form #if defined(...) || defined(...) || ... and #if !defined(...) && !defined(...) && .... This also avoids the growing number of special cases it was previously handling.

  Richard Levitte

• Make all configuration macros available for application by making sure they are available in opensslconf.h, by giving them names starting with OPENSSL_ to avoid conflicts with other packages and by making sure e_os2.h will cover all platform-specific cases together with opensslconf.h. Additionally, it is now possible to define configuration/platform- specific names (called "system identities"). In the C code, these are prefixed with OPENSSL_SYSNAME_. e_os2.h will create another macro with the name beginning with OPENSSL_SYS_, which is determined from OPENSSL_SYSNAME_* or compiler-specific macros depending on what is available.

  Richard Levitte

• New option -set_serial to 'req' and 'x509' this allows the serial number to use to be specified on the command line. Previously self signed certificates were hard coded with serial number 0 and the CA options of 'x509' had to use a serial number in a file which was auto incremented.

  Steve Henson

• New options to 'ca' utility to support V2 CRL entry extensions. Currently CRL reason, invalidity date and hold instruction are supported. Add new CRL extensions to V3 code and some new objects.

  Steve Henson

• New function EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_padding() this is used to disable standard block padding (aka PKCS#5 padding) in the EVP API, which was previously mandatory. This means that the data is not padded in any way and so the total length much be a multiple of the block size, otherwise an error occurs.

  Steve Henson

• Initial (incomplete) OCSP SSL support.

  Steve Henson

• New function OCSP_parse_url(). This splits up a URL into its host, port and path components: primarily to parse OCSP URLs. New -url option to ocsp utility.

  Steve Henson

• New nonce behavior. The return value of OCSP_check_nonce() now reflects the various checks performed. Applications can decide whether to tolerate certain situations such as an absent nonce in a response when one was present in a request: the ocsp application just prints out a warning. New function OCSP_add1_basic_nonce() this is to allow responders to include a nonce in a response even if the request is nonce-less.

  Steve Henson

• Disable stdin buffering in load_cert() (apps/apps.c) so that no certs are skipped when using openssl x509 multiple times on a single input file, e.g. (openssl x509 -out cert1; openssl x509 -out cert2) <certs.

  Bodo Moeller

• Make ASN1_UTCTIME_set_string() and ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set_string() set string type: to handle setting ASN1_TIME structures. Fix ca utility to correctly initialize revocation date of CRLs.

  Steve Henson

• New option SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE allows the server to override the clients preferred ciphersuites and rather use its own preferences. Should help to work around M$ SGC (Server Gated Cryptography) bug in Internet Explorer by ensuring unchanged hash method during stepup. (Also replaces the broken/deactivated SSL_OP_NON_EXPORT_FIRST option.)

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Make mkdef.pl recognise all DECLARE_ASN1 macros, change rijndael to aes and add a new 'exist' option to print out symbols that don't appear to exist.

  Steve Henson

• Additional options to ocsp utility to allow flags to be set and additional certificates supplied.

  Steve Henson

• Add the option -VAfile to 'openssl ocsp', so the user can give the OCSP client a number of certificate to only verify the response signature against.

  Richard Levitte

• Update Rijndael code to version 3.0 and change EVP AES ciphers to handle the new API. Currently only ECB, CBC modes supported. Add new AES OIDs.

  Add TLS AES ciphersuites as described in RFC3268, "Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Ciphersuites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)". (In beta versions of OpenSSL 0.9.7, these were not enabled by default and were not part of the "ALL" ciphersuite alias because they were not yet official; they could be explicitly requested by specifying the "AESdraft" ciphersuite group alias. In the final release of OpenSSL 0.9.7, the group alias is called "AES" and is part of "ALL".)

  Ben Laurie, Steve Henson, Bodo Moeller

• New function OCSP_copy_nonce() to copy nonce value (if present) from request to response.

  Steve Henson

• Functions for OCSP responders. OCSP_request_onereq_count(), OCSP_request_onereq_get0(), OCSP_onereq_get0_id() and OCSP_id_get0_info() extract information from a certificate request. OCSP_response_create() creates a response and optionally adds a basic response structure. OCSP_basic_add1_status() adds a complete single response to a basic response and returns the OCSP_SINGLERESP structure just added (to allow extensions to be included for example). OCSP_basic_add1_cert() adds a certificate to a basic response and OCSP_basic_sign() signs a basic response with various flags. New helper functions ASN1_TIME_check() (checks validity of ASN1_TIME structure) and ASN1_TIME_to_generalizedtime() (converts ASN1_TIME to GeneralizedTime).

  Steve Henson

• Various new functions. EVP_Digest() combines EVP_Digest{Init,Update,Final}() in a single operation. X509_get0_pubkey_bitstr() extracts the public_key structure from a certificate. X509_pubkey_digest() digests the public_key contents: this is used in various key identifiers.

  Steve Henson

• Make sk_sort() tolerate a NULL argument.

  Steve Henson reported by Massimiliano Pala madwolf@comune.modena.it

• New OCSP verify flag OCSP_TRUSTOTHER. When set the "other" certificates passed by the function are trusted implicitly. If any of them signed the response then it is assumed to be valid and is not verified.

  Steve Henson

• In PKCS7_set_type() initialise content_type in PKCS7_ENC_CONTENT to data. This was previously part of the PKCS7 ASN1 code. This was causing problems with OpenSSL created PKCS#12 and PKCS#7 structures. Steve Henson, reported by Kenneth R. Robinette support@securenetterm.com

• Add CRYPTO_push_info() and CRYPTO_pop_info() calls to new ASN1 routines: without these tracing memory leaks is very painful. Fix leaks in PKCS12 and PKCS7 routines.

  Steve Henson

• Make X509_time_adj() cope with the new behaviour of ASN1_TIME_new(). Previously it initialised the 'type' argument to V_ASN1_UTCTIME which effectively meant GeneralizedTime would never be used. Now it is initialised to -1 but X509_time_adj() now has to check the value and use ASN1_TIME_set() if the value is not V_ASN1_UTCTIME or V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME, without this it always uses GeneralizedTime. Steve Henson, reported by Kenneth R. Robinette support@securenetterm.com

• Fixes to BN_to_ASN1_INTEGER when bn is zero. This would previously result in a zero length in the ASN1_INTEGER structure which was not consistent with the structure when d2i_ASN1_INTEGER() was used and would cause ASN1_INTEGER_cmp() to fail. Enhance s2i_ASN1_INTEGER() to cope with hex and negative integers. Fix bug in i2a_ASN1_INTEGER() where it did not print out a minus for negative ASN1_INTEGER.

  Steve Henson

• Add summary printout to ocsp utility. The various functions which convert status values to strings have been renamed to: OCSP_response_status_str(), OCSP_cert_status_str() and OCSP_crl_reason_str() and are no longer static. New options to verify nonce values and to disable verification. OCSP response printout format cleaned up.

  Steve Henson

• Add additional OCSP certificate checks. These are those specified in RFC2560. This consists of two separate checks: the CA of the certificate being checked must either be the OCSP signer certificate or the issuer of the OCSP signer certificate. In the latter case the OCSP signer certificate must contain the OCSP signing extended key usage. This check is performed by attempting to match the OCSP signer or the OCSP signer CA to the issuerNameHash and issuerKeyHash in the OCSP_CERTID structures of the response.

  Steve Henson

• Initial OCSP certificate verification added to OCSP_basic_verify() and related routines. This uses the standard OpenSSL certificate verify routines to perform initial checks (just CA validity) and to obtain the certificate chain. Then additional checks will be performed on the chain. Currently the root CA is checked to see if it is explicitly trusted for OCSP signing. This is used to set a root CA as a global signing root: that is any certificate that chains to that CA is an acceptable OCSP signing certificate.

  Steve Henson

• New '-extfile ...' option to 'openssl ca' for reading X.509v3 extensions from a separate configuration file. As when reading extensions from the main configuration file, the '-extensions ...' option may be used for specifying the section to use.

  Massimiliano Pala madwolf@comune.modena.it

• New OCSP utility. Allows OCSP requests to be generated or read. The request can be sent to a responder and the output parsed, outputted or printed in text form. Not complete yet: still needs to check the OCSP response validity.

  Steve Henson

• New subcommands for 'openssl ca': openssl ca -status <serial> prints the status of the cert with the given serial number (according to the index file). openssl ca -updatedb updates the expiry status of certificates in the index file.

  Massimiliano Pala madwolf@comune.modena.it

• New '-newreq-nodes' command option to CA.pl. This is like '-newreq', but calls 'openssl req' with the '-nodes' option so that the resulting key is not encrypted.

  Damien Miller djm@mindrot.org

• New configuration for the GNU Hurd.

  Jonathan Bartlett johnnyb@wolfram.com via Richard Levitte

• Initial code to implement OCSP basic response verify. This is currently incomplete. Currently just finds the signer's certificate and verifies the signature on the response.

  Steve Henson

• New SSLeay_version code SSLEAY_DIR to determine the compiled-in value of OPENSSLDIR. This is available via the new '-d' option to 'openssl version', and is also included in 'openssl version -a'.

  Bodo Moeller

• Allowing defining memory allocation callbacks that will be given file name and line number information in additional arguments (a const char* and an int). The basic functionality remains, as well as the original possibility to just replace malloc(), realloc() and free() by functions that do not know about these additional arguments. To register and find out the current settings for extended allocation functions, the following functions are provided:

      CRYPTO_set_mem_ex_functions
      CRYPTO_set_locked_mem_ex_functions
      CRYPTO_get_mem_ex_functions
      CRYPTO_get_locked_mem_ex_functions
  

  These work the same way as CRYPTO_set_mem_functions and friends. CRYPTO_get_[locked_]mem_functions now writes 0 where such an extended allocation function is enabled. Similarly, CRYPTO_get_[locked_]mem_ex_functions writes 0 where a conventional allocation function is enabled.

  Richard Levitte, Bodo Moeller

• Finish off removing the remaining LHASH function pointer casts. There should no longer be any prototype-casting required when using the LHASH abstraction, and any casts that remain are "bugs". See the callback types and macros at the head of lhash.h for details (and "OBJ_cleanup" in crypto/objects/obj_dat.c as an example).

  Geoff Thorpe

• Add automatic query of EGD sockets in RAND_poll() for the unix variant. If /dev/[u]random devices are not available or do not return enough entropy, EGD style sockets (served by EGD or PRNGD) will automatically be queried. The locations /var/run/egd-pool, /dev/egd-pool, /etc/egd-pool, and /etc/entropy will be queried once each in this sequence, querying stops when enough entropy was collected without querying more sockets.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Change the Unix RAND_poll() variant to be able to poll several random devices, as specified by DEVRANDOM, until a sufficient amount of data has been collected. We spend at most 10 ms on each file (select timeout) and read in non-blocking mode. DEVRANDOM now defaults to the list "/dev/urandom", "/dev/random", "/dev/srandom" (previously it was just the string "/dev/urandom"), so on typical platforms the 10 ms delay will never occur. Also separate out the Unix variant to its own file, rand_unix.c. For VMS, there's a currently-empty rand_vms.c.

  Richard Levitte

• Move OCSP client related routines to ocsp_cl.c. These provide utility functions which an application needing to issue a request to an OCSP responder and analyse the response will typically need: as opposed to those which an OCSP responder itself would need which will be added later.

  OCSP_request_sign() signs an OCSP request with an API similar to PKCS7_sign(). OCSP_response_status() returns status of OCSP response. OCSP_response_get1_basic() extracts basic response from response. OCSP_resp_find_status(): finds and extracts status information from an OCSP_CERTID structure (which will be created when the request structure is built). These are built from lower level functions which work on OCSP_SINGLERESP structures but won't normally be used unless the application wishes to examine extensions in the OCSP response for example.

  Replace nonce routines with a pair of functions. OCSP_request_add1_nonce() adds a nonce value and optionally generates a random value. OCSP_check_nonce() checks the validity of the nonce in an OCSP response.

  Steve Henson

• Change function OCSP_request_add() to OCSP_request_add0_id(). This doesn't copy the supplied OCSP_CERTID and avoids the need to free up the newly created id. Change return type to OCSP_ONEREQ to return the internal OCSP_ONEREQ structure. This can then be used to add extensions to the request. Deleted OCSP_request_new(), since most of its functionality is now in OCSP_REQUEST_new() (and the case insensitive name clash) apart from the ability to set the request name which will be added elsewhere.

  Steve Henson

• Update OCSP API. Remove obsolete extensions argument from various functions. Extensions are now handled using the new OCSP extension code. New simple OCSP HTTP function which can be used to send requests and parse the response.

  Steve Henson

• Fix the PKCS#7 (S/MIME) code to work with new ASN1. Two new ASN1_ITEM structures help with sign and verify. PKCS7_ATTR_SIGN uses the special reorder version of SET OF to sort the attributes and reorder them to match the encoded order. This resolves a long standing problem: a verify on a PKCS7 structure just after signing it used to fail because the attribute order did not match the encoded order. PKCS7_ATTR_VERIFY does not reorder the attributes: it uses the received order. This is necessary to tolerate some broken software that does not order SET OF. This is handled by encoding as a SEQUENCE OF but using implicit tagging (with UNIVERSAL class) to produce the required SET OF.

  Steve Henson

• Have mk1mf.pl generate the macros OPENSSL_BUILD_SHLIBCRYPTO and OPENSSL_BUILD_SHLIBSSL and use them appropriately in the header files to get correct declarations of the ASN.1 item variables.

  Richard Levitte

• Rewrite of PKCS#12 code to use new ASN1 functionality. Replace many PKCS#12 macros with real functions. Fix two unrelated ASN1 bugs: asn1_check_tlen() would sometimes attempt to use 'ctx' when it was NULL and ASN1_TYPE was not dereferenced properly in asn1_ex_c2i(). New ASN1 macro: DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM() which just declares the relevant ASN1_ITEM and no wrapper functions.

  Steve Henson

• New functions or ASN1_item_d2i_fp() and ASN1_item_d2i_bio(). These replace the old function pointer based I/O routines. Change most of the *_d2i_bio() and *_d2i_fp() functions to use these.

  Steve Henson

• Enhance mkdef.pl to be more accepting about spacing in C preprocessor lines, recognize more "algorithms" that can be deselected, and make it complain about algorithm deselection that isn't recognised.

  Richard Levitte

• New ASN1 functions to handle dup, sign, verify, digest, pack and unpack operations in terms of ASN1_ITEM. Modify existing wrappers to use new functions. Add NO_ASN1_OLD which can be set to remove some old style ASN1 functions: this can be used to determine if old code will still work when these eventually go away.

  Steve Henson

• New extension functions for OCSP structures, these follow the same conventions as certificates and CRLs.

  Steve Henson

• New function X509V3_add1_i2d(). This automatically encodes and adds an extension. Its behaviour can be customised with various flags to append, replace or delete. Various wrappers added for certificates and CRLs.

  Steve Henson

• Fix to avoid calling the underlying ASN1 print routine when an extension cannot be parsed. Correct a typo in the OCSP_SERVICELOC extension. Tidy up print OCSP format.

  Steve Henson

• Make mkdef.pl parse some of the ASN1 macros and add appropriate entries for variables.

  Steve Henson

• Add functionality to apps/openssl.c for detecting locking problems: As the program is single-threaded, all we have to do is register a locking callback using an array for storing which locks are currently held by the program.

  Bodo Moeller

• Use a lock around the call to CRYPTO_get_ex_new_index() in SSL_get_ex_data_X509_STORE_idx(), which is used in ssl_verify_cert_chain() and thus can be called at any time during TLS/SSL handshakes so that thread-safety is essential. Unfortunately, the ex_data design is not at all suited for multi-threaded use, so it probably should be abolished.

  Bodo Moeller

• Added Broadcom "ubsec" ENGINE to OpenSSL.

  Broadcom, tweaked and integrated by Geoff Thorpe

• Move common extension printing code to new function X509V3_print_extensions(). Reorganise OCSP print routines and implement some needed OCSP ASN1 functions. Add OCSP extensions.

  Steve Henson

• New function X509_signature_print() to remove duplication in some print routines.

  Steve Henson

• Add a special meaning when SET OF and SEQUENCE OF flags are both set (this was treated exactly the same as SET OF previously). This is used to reorder the STACK representing the structure to match the encoding. This will be used to get round a problem where a PKCS7 structure which was signed could not be verified because the STACK order did not reflect the encoded order.

  Steve Henson

• Reimplement the OCSP ASN1 module using the new code.

  Steve Henson

• Update the X509V3 code to permit the use of an ASN1_ITEM structure for its ASN1 operations. The old style function pointers still exist for now but they will eventually go away.

  Steve Henson

• Merge in replacement ASN1 code from the ASN1 branch. This almost completely replaces the old ASN1 functionality with a table driven encoder and decoder which interprets an ASN1_ITEM structure describing the ASN1 module. Compatibility with the existing ASN1 API (i2d,d2i) is largely maintained. Almost all of the old asn1_mac.h macro based ASN1 has also been converted to the new form.

  Steve Henson

• Change BN_mod_exp_recp so that negative moduli are tolerated (the sign is ignored). Similarly, ignore the sign in BN_MONT_CTX_set so that BN_mod_exp_mont and BN_mod_exp_mont_word work for negative moduli.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix BN_uadd and BN_usub: Always return non-negative results instead of not touching the result's sign bit.

  Bodo Moeller

• BN_div bugfix: If the result is 0, the sign (res->neg) must not be set.

  Bodo Moeller

• Changed the LHASH code to use prototypes for callbacks, and created macros to declare and implement thin (optionally static) functions that provide type-safety and avoid function pointer casting for the type-specific callbacks.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Added Kerberos Cipher Suites to be used with TLS, as written in RFC 2712. Veers Staats staatsvr@asc.hpc.mil, Jeffrey Altman jaltman@columbia.edu, via Richard Levitte

• Reformat the FAQ so the different questions and answers can be divided in sections depending on the subject.

  Richard Levitte

• Have the zlib compression code load ZLIB.DLL dynamically under Windows.

  Richard Levitte

• New function BN_mod_sqrt for computing square roots modulo a prime (using the probabilistic Tonelli-Shanks algorithm unless p == 3 (mod 4) or p == 5 (mod 8), which are cases that can be handled deterministically).

  Lenka Fibikova fibikova@exp-math.uni-essen.de, Bodo Moeller

• Make BN_mod_inverse faster by explicitly handling small quotients in the Euclid loop. (Speed gain about 20% for small moduli [256 or 512 bits], about 30% for larger ones [1024 or 2048 bits].)

  Bodo Moeller

• New function BN_kronecker.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix BN_gcd so that it works on negative inputs; the result is positive unless both parameters are zero. Previously something reasonably close to an infinite loop was possible because numbers could be growing instead of shrinking in the implementation of Euclid's algorithm.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix BN_is_word() and BN_is_one() macros to take into account the sign of the number in question.

  Fix BN_is_word(a,w) to work correctly for w == 0.

  The old BN_is_word(a,w) macro is now called BN_abs_is_word(a,w) because its test if the absolute value of 'a' equals 'w'. Note that BN_abs_is_word does not handle w == 0 reliably; it exists mostly for use in the implementations of BN_is_zero(), BN_is_one(), and BN_is_word().

  Bodo Moeller

• New function BN_swap.

  Bodo Moeller

• Use BN_nnmod instead of BN_mod in crypto/bn/bn_exp.c so that the exponentiation functions are more likely to produce reasonable results on negative inputs.

  Bodo Moeller

• Change BN_mod_mul so that the result is always non-negative. Previously, it could be negative if one of the factors was negative; I don't think anyone really wanted that behaviour.

  Bodo Moeller

• Move BN_mod_... functions into new file crypto/bn/bn_mod.c (except for exponentiation, which stays in crypto/bn/bn_exp.c, and BN_mod_mul_reciprocal, which stays in crypto/bn/bn_recp.c) and add new functions:

      BN_nnmod
      BN_mod_sqr
      BN_mod_add
      BN_mod_add_quick
      BN_mod_sub
      BN_mod_sub_quick
      BN_mod_lshift1
      BN_mod_lshift1_quick
      BN_mod_lshift
      BN_mod_lshift_quick
  

  These functions always generate non-negative results.

  BN_nnmod otherwise is like BN_mod (if BN_mod computes a remainder r such that |m| < r < 0, BN_nnmod will output rem + |m| instead).

  BN_mod_XXX_quick(r, a, [b,] m) generates the same result as BN_mod_XXX(r, a, [b,] m, ctx), but requires that a [and b] be reduced modulo m.

  Lenka Fibikova fibikova@exp-math.uni-essen.de, Bodo Moeller

• In 'openssl passwd', verify passwords read from the terminal unless the '-salt' option is used (which usually means that verification would just waste user's time since the resulting hash is going to be compared with some given password hash) or the new '-noverify' option is used.

  This is an incompatible change, but it does not affect non-interactive use of 'openssl passwd' (passwords on the command line, '-stdin' option, '-in ...' option) and thus should not cause any problems.

  Bodo Moeller

• Remove all references to RSAref, since there's no more need for it.

  Richard Levitte

• Make DSO load along a path given through an environment variable (SHLIB_PATH) with shl_load().

  Richard Levitte

• Constify the ENGINE code as a result of BIGNUM constification. Also constify the RSA code and most things related to it. In a few places, most notable in the depth of the ASN.1 code, ugly casts back to non-const were required (to be solved at a later time)

  Richard Levitte

• Make it so the openssl application has all engines loaded by default.

  Richard Levitte

• Constify the BIGNUM routines a little more.

  Richard Levitte

• Add the following functions:

      ENGINE_load_cswift()
      ENGINE_load_chil()
      ENGINE_load_atalla()
      ENGINE_load_nuron()
      ENGINE_load_builtin_engines()
  

  That way, an application can itself choose if external engines that are built-in in OpenSSL shall ever be used or not. The benefit is that applications won't have to be linked with libdl or other dso libraries unless it's really needed.

  Changed 'openssl engine' to load all engines on demand. Changed the engine header files to avoid the duplication of some declarations (they differed!).

  Richard Levitte

• 'openssl engine' can now list capabilities.

  Richard Levitte

• Better error reporting in 'openssl engine'.

  Richard Levitte

• Never call load_dh_param(NULL) in s_server.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add engine application. It can currently list engines by name and identity, and test if they are actually available.

  Richard Levitte

• Improve RPM specification file by forcing symbolic linking and making sure the installed documentation is also owned by root.root.

  Damien Miller djm@mindrot.org

• Give the OpenSSL applications more possibilities to make use of keys (public as well as private) handled by engines.

  Richard Levitte

• Add OCSP code that comes from CertCo.

  Richard Levitte

• Add VMS support for the Rijndael code.

  Richard Levitte

• Added untested support for Nuron crypto accelerator.

  Ben Laurie

• Add support for external cryptographic devices. This code was previously distributed separately as the "engine" branch.

  Geoff Thorpe, Richard Levitte

• Rework the filename-translation in the DSO code. It is now possible to have far greater control over how a "name" is turned into a filename depending on the operating environment and any oddities about the different shared library filenames on each system.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Support threads on FreeBSD-elf in Configure.

  Richard Levitte

• Fix for SHA1 assembly problem with MASM: it produces warnings about corrupt line number information when assembling with debugging information. This is caused by the overlapping of two sections.

  Bernd Matthes mainbug@celocom.de, Steve Henson

• NCONF changes. NCONF_get_number() has no error checking at all. As a replacement, NCONF_get_number_e() is defined (_e for "error checking") and is promoted strongly. The old NCONF_get_number is kept around for binary backward compatibility. Make it possible for methods to load from something other than a BIO, by providing a function pointer that is given a name instead of a BIO. For example, this could be used to load configuration data from an LDAP server.

  Richard Levitte

• Fix for non blocking accept BIOs. Added new I/O special reason BIO_RR_ACCEPT to cover this case. Previously use of accept BIOs with non blocking I/O was not possible because no retry code was implemented. Also added new SSL code SSL_WANT_ACCEPT to cover this case.

  Steve Henson

• Added the beginnings of Rijndael support.

  Ben Laurie

• Fix for bug in DirectoryString mask setting. Add support for X509_NAME_print_ex() in 'req' and X509_print_ex() function to allow certificate printing to more controllable, additional 'certopt' option to 'x509' to allow new printing options to be set.

  Steve Henson

• Clean old EAY MD5 hack from e_os.h.

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 0.9.6l and 0.9.6m [17 Mar 2004]

• Fix null-pointer assignment in do_change_cipher_spec() revealed by using the Codenomicon TLS Test Tool (CVE-2004-0079)

  Joe Orton, Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.6k and 0.9.6l [04 Nov 2003]

• Fix additional bug revealed by the NISCC test suite:

  Stop bug triggering large recursion when presented with certain ASN.1 tags (CVE-2003-0851)

  Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.6j and 0.9.6k [30 Sep 2003]

• Fix various bugs revealed by running the NISCC test suite:

  Stop out of bounds reads in the ASN1 code when presented with invalid tags (CVE-2003-0543 and CVE-2003-0544).

  If verify callback ignores invalid public key errors don't try to check certificate signature with the NULL public key.

  Steve Henson

• In ssl3_accept() (ssl/s3_srvr.c) only accept a client certificate if the server requested one: as stated in TLS 1.0 and SSL 3.0 specifications.

  Steve Henson

• In ssl3_get_client_hello() (ssl/s3_srvr.c), tolerate additional extra data after the compression methods not only for TLS 1.0 but also for SSL 3.0 (as required by the specification).

  Bodo Moeller; problem pointed out by Matthias Loepfe

• Change X509_certificate_type() to mark the key as exported/exportable when it's 512 bits long, not 512 bytes.

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 0.9.6i and 0.9.6j [10 Apr 2003]

• Countermeasure against the Klima-Pokorny-Rosa extension of Bleichbacher's attack on PKCS #1 v1.5 padding: treat a protocol version number mismatch like a decryption error in ssl3_get_client_key_exchange (ssl/s3_srvr.c).

  Bodo Moeller

• Turn on RSA blinding by default in the default implementation to avoid a timing attack. Applications that don't want it can call RSA_blinding_off() or use the new flag RSA_FLAG_NO_BLINDING. They would be ill-advised to do so in most cases.

  Ben Laurie, Steve Henson, Geoff Thorpe, Bodo Moeller

• Change RSA blinding code so that it works when the PRNG is not seeded (in this case, the secret RSA exponent is abused as an unpredictable seed -- if it is not unpredictable, there is no point in blinding anyway). Make RSA blinding thread-safe by remembering the creator's thread ID in rsa->blinding and having all other threads use local one-time blinding factors (this requires more computation than sharing rsa->blinding, but avoids excessive locking; and if an RSA object is not shared between threads, blinding will still be very fast).

  Bodo Moeller

Changes between 0.9.6h and 0.9.6i [19 Feb 2003]

• In ssl3_get_record (ssl/s3_pkt.c), minimize information leaked via timing by performing a MAC computation even if incorrect block cipher padding has been found. This is a countermeasure against active attacks where the attacker has to distinguish between bad padding and a MAC verification error. (CVE-2003-0078)

  Bodo Moeller; problem pointed out by Brice Canvel (EPFL), Alain Hiltgen (UBS), Serge Vaudenay (EPFL), and Martin Vuagnoux (EPFL, Ilion)

Changes between 0.9.6g and 0.9.6h [5 Dec 2002]

• New function OPENSSL_cleanse(), which is used to cleanse a section of memory from its contents. This is done with a counter that will place alternating values in each byte. This can be used to solve two issues: 1) the removal of calls to memset() by highly optimizing compilers, and 2) cleansing with other values than 0, since those can be read through on certain media, for example a swap space on disk.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Bugfix: client side session caching did not work with external caching, because the session->cipher setting was not restored when reloading from the external cache. This problem was masked, when SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_REUSE_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG (part of SSL_OP_ALL) was set. (Found by Steve Haslam steve@araqnid.ddts.net.)

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Fix client_certificate (ssl/s2_clnt.c): The permissible total length of the REQUEST-CERTIFICATE message is 18 .. 34, not 17 .. 33.

  Zeev Lieber zeev-l@yahoo.com

• Undo an undocumented change introduced in 0.9.6e which caused repeated calls to OpenSSL_add_all_ciphers() and OpenSSL_add_all_digests() to be ignored, even after calling EVP_cleanup().

  Richard Levitte

• Change the default configuration reader to deal with last line not being properly terminated.

  Richard Levitte

• Change X509_NAME_cmp() so it applies the special rules on handling DN values that are of type PrintableString, as well as RDNs of type emailAddress where the value has the type ia5String.

  stefank@valicert.com via Richard Levitte

• Add a SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE flag to take over half the job SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP was inconsistently doing, define a new flag (SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL) to be the bitwise-OR of the two for use by the majority of applications wanting this behaviour, and update the docs. The documented behaviour and actual behaviour were inconsistent and had been changing anyway, so this is more a bug-fix than a behavioural change.

  Geoff Thorpe, diagnosed by Nadav Har'El

• Don't impose a 16-byte length minimum on session IDs in ssl/s3_clnt.c (the SSL 3.0 and TLS 1.0 specifications allow any length up to 32 bytes).

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix initialization code race conditions in SSLv23_method(), SSLv23_client_method(), SSLv23_server_method(), SSLv2_method(), SSLv2_client_method(), SSLv2_server_method(), SSLv3_method(), SSLv3_client_method(), SSLv3_server_method(), TLSv1_method(), TLSv1_client_method(), TLSv1_server_method(), ssl2_get_cipher_by_char(), ssl3_get_cipher_by_char().

  Patrick McCormick patrick@tellme.com, Bodo Moeller

• Reorder cleanup sequence in SSL_CTX_free(): only remove the ex_data after the cached sessions are flushed, as the remove_cb() might use ex_data contents. Bug found by Sam Varshavchik mrsam@courier-mta.com (see [openssl.org #212]).

  Geoff Thorpe, Lutz Jaenicke

• Fix typo in OBJ_txt2obj which incorrectly passed the content length, instead of the encoding length to d2i_ASN1_OBJECT.

  Steve Henson

Changes between 0.9.6f and 0.9.6g [9 Aug 2002]

• [In 0.9.6g-engine release:] Fix crypto/engine/vendor_defns/cswift.h for WIN32 (use _stdcall).

  Lynn Gazis lgazis@rainbow.com

Changes between 0.9.6e and 0.9.6f [8 Aug 2002]

• Fix ASN1 checks. Check for overflow by comparing with LONG_MAX and get fix the header length calculation. Florian Weimer Weimer@CERT.Uni-Stuttgart.DE, Alon Kantor alonk@checkpoint.com (and others), Steve Henson

• Use proper error handling instead of 'assertions' in buffer overflow checks added in 0.9.6e. This prevents DoS (the assertions could call abort()).

  Arne Ansper arne@ats.cyber.ee, Bodo Moeller

Changes between 0.9.6d and 0.9.6e [30 Jul 2002]

• Add various sanity checks to asn1_get_length() to reject the ASN1 length bytes if they exceed sizeof(long), will appear negative or the content length exceeds the length of the supplied buffer.

  Steve Henson, Adi Stav stav@mercury.co.il, James Yonan jim@ntlp.com

• Fix cipher selection routines: ciphers without encryption had no flags for the cipher strength set and where therefore not handled correctly by the selection routines (PR #130).

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Fix EVP_dsa_sha macro.

  Nils Larsch

• New option SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS for disabling the SSL 3.0/TLS 1.0 CBC vulnerability countermeasure that was added in OpenSSL 0.9.6d.

  As the countermeasure turned out to be incompatible with some broken SSL implementations, the new option is part of SSL_OP_ALL. SSL_OP_ALL is usually employed when compatibility with weird SSL implementations is desired (e.g. '-bugs' option to 's_client' and 's_server'), so the new option is automatically set in many applications.

  Bodo Moeller

• Changes in security patch:

  Changes marked "(CHATS)" were sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F30602-01-2-0537.

• Add various sanity checks to asn1_get_length() to reject the ASN1 length bytes if they exceed sizeof(long), will appear negative or the content length exceeds the length of the supplied buffer. (CVE-2002-0659)

  Steve Henson, Adi Stav stav@mercury.co.il, James Yonan jim@ntlp.com

• Assertions for various potential buffer overflows, not known to happen in practice.

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Various temporary buffers to hold ASCII versions of integers were too small for 64 bit platforms. (CVE-2002-0655) Matthew Byng-Maddick mbm@aldigital.co.uk and Ben Laurie (CHATS)>

• Remote buffer overflow in SSL3 protocol - an attacker could supply an oversized session ID to a client. (CVE-2002-0656)

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

• Remote buffer overflow in SSL2 protocol - an attacker could supply an oversized client master key. (CVE-2002-0656)

  Ben Laurie (CHATS)

Changes between 0.9.6c and 0.9.6d [9 May 2002]

• Fix crypto/asn1/a_sign.c so that 'parameters' is omitted (not encoded as NULL) with id-dsa-with-sha1.

  Nils Larsch nla@trustcenter.de; problem pointed out by Bodo Moeller

• Check various X509_...() return values in apps/req.c.

  Nils Larsch nla@trustcenter.de

• Fix BASE64 decode (EVP_DecodeUpdate) for data with CR/LF ended lines: an end-of-file condition would erroneously be flagged, when the CRLF was just at the end of a processed block. The bug was discovered when processing data through a buffering memory BIO handing the data to a BASE64-decoding BIO. Bug fund and patch submitted by Pavel Tsekov ptsekov@syntrex.com and Nedelcho Stanev.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Implement a countermeasure against a vulnerability recently found in CBC ciphersuites in SSL 3.0/TLS 1.0: Send an empty fragment before application data chunks to avoid the use of known IVs with data potentially chosen by the attacker.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix length checks in ssl3_get_client_hello().

  Bodo Moeller

• TLS/SSL library bugfix: use s->s3->in_read_app_data differently to prevent ssl3_read_internal() from incorrectly assuming that ssl3_read_bytes() found application data while handshake processing was enabled when in fact s->s3->in_read_app_data was merely automatically cleared during the initial handshake.

  Bodo Moeller; problem pointed out by Arne Ansper arne@ats.cyber.ee

• Fix object definitions for Private and Enterprise: they were not recognized in their shortname (=lowercase) representation. Extend obj_dat.pl to issue an error when using undefined keywords instead of silently ignoring the problem (Svenning Sorensen sss@sss.dnsalias.net).

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Fix DH_generate_parameters() so that it works for 'non-standard' generators, i.e. generators other than 2 and 5. (Previously, the code did not properly initialise the 'add' and 'rem' values to BN_generate_prime().)

  In the new general case, we do not insist that 'generator' is actually a primitive root: This requirement is rather pointless; a generator of the order-q subgroup is just as good, if not better.

  Bodo Moeller

• Map new X509 verification errors to alerts. Discovered and submitted by Tom Wu tom@arcot.com.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Fix ssl3_pending() (ssl/s3_lib.c) to prevent SSL_pending() from returning non-zero before the data has been completely received when using non-blocking I/O.

  Bodo Moeller; problem pointed out by John Hughes

• Some of the ciphers missed the strength entry (SSL_LOW etc).

  Ben Laurie, Lutz Jaenicke

• Fix bug in SSL_clear(): bad sessions were not removed (found by Yoram Zahavi YoramZ@gilian.com).

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Add information about CygWin 1.3 and on, and preserve proper configuration for the versions before that.

  Corinna Vinschen vinschen@redhat.com and Richard Levitte

• Make removal from session cache (SSL_CTX_remove_session()) more robust: check whether we deal with a copy of a session and do not delete from the cache in this case. Problem reported by "Izhar Shoshani Levi" izhar@checkpoint.com.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Do not store session data into the internal session cache, if it is never intended to be looked up (SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP flag is set). Proposed by Aslam aslam@funk.com.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Have ASN1_BIT_STRING_set_bit() really clear a bit when the requested value is 0.

  Richard Levitte

• [In 0.9.6d-engine release:] Fix a crashbug and a logic bug in hwcrhk_load_pubkey().

  Toomas Kiisk vix@cyber.ee via Richard Levitte

• Add the configuration target linux-s390x.

  Neale Ferguson Neale.Ferguson@SoftwareAG-USA.com via Richard Levitte

• The earlier bugfix for the SSL3_ST_SW_HELLO_REQ_C case of ssl3_accept (ssl/s3_srvr.c) incorrectly used a local flag variable as an indication that a ClientHello message has been received. As the flag value will be lost between multiple invocations of ssl3_accept when using non-blocking I/O, the function may not be aware that a handshake has actually taken place, thus preventing a new session from being added to the session cache.

  To avoid this problem, we now set s->new_session to 2 instead of using a local variable.

  Lutz Jaenicke, Bodo Moeller

• Bugfix: Return -1 from ssl3_get_server_done (ssl3/s3_clnt.c) if the SSL_R_LENGTH_MISMATCH error is detected.

  Geoff Thorpe, Bodo Moeller

• New 'shared_ldflag' column in Configure platform table.

  Richard Levitte

• Fix EVP_CIPHER_mode macro.

  "Dan S. Camper" dan@bti.net

• Fix ssl3_read_bytes (ssl/s3_pkt.c): To ignore messages of unknown type, we must throw them away by setting rr->length to 0.

  D P Chang dpc@qualys.com

Changes between 0.9.6b and 0.9.6c [21 dec 2001]

• Fix BN_rand_range bug pointed out by Dominikus Scherkl Dominikus.Scherkl@biodata.com. (The previous implementation worked incorrectly for those cases where range = 10..._2 and 3*range is two bits longer than range.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Only add signing time to PKCS7 structures if it is not already present.

  Steve Henson

• Fix crypto/objects/objects.h: "ld-ce" should be "id-ce", OBJ_ld_ce should be OBJ_id_ce. Also some ip-pda OIDs in crypto/objects/objects.txt were incorrect (cf. RFC 3039).

  Matt Cooper, Frederic Giudicelli, Bodo Moeller

• Release CRYPTO_LOCK_DYNLOCK when CRYPTO_destroy_dynlockid() returns early because it has nothing to do.

  Andy Schneider andy.schneider@bjss.co.uk

• [In 0.9.6c-engine release:] Fix mutex callback return values in crypto/engine/hw_ncipher.c.

  Andy Schneider andy.schneider@bjss.co.uk

• [In 0.9.6c-engine release:] Add support for Cryptographic Appliance's keyserver technology. (Use engine 'keyclient')

  Cryptographic Appliances and Geoff Thorpe

• Add a configuration entry for OS/390 Unix. The C compiler 'c89' is called via tools/c89.sh because arguments have to be rearranged (all '-L' options must appear before the first object modules).

  Richard Shapiro rshapiro@abinitio.com

• [In 0.9.6c-engine release:] Add support for Broadcom crypto accelerator cards, backported from 0.9.7.

  Broadcom, Nalin Dahyabhai nalin@redhat.com, Mark Cox

• [In 0.9.6c-engine release:] Add support for SureWare crypto accelerator cards from Baltimore Technologies. (Use engine 'sureware')

  Baltimore Technologies and Mark Cox

• [In 0.9.6c-engine release:] Add support for crypto accelerator cards from Accelerated Encryption Processing, www.aep.ie. (Use engine 'aep')

  AEP Inc. and Mark Cox

• Add a configuration entry for gcc on UnixWare.

  Gary Benson gbenson@redhat.com

• Change ssl/s2_clnt.c and ssl/s2_srvr.c so that received handshake messages are stored in a single piece (fixed-length part and variable-length part combined) and fix various bugs found on the way.

  Bodo Moeller

• Disable caching in BIO_gethostbyname(), directly use gethostbyname() instead. BIO_gethostbyname() does not know what timeouts are appropriate, so entries would stay in cache even when they have become invalid. Bodo Moeller; problem pointed out by Rich Salz rsalz@zolera.com

• Change ssl23_get_client_hello (ssl/s23_srvr.c) behaviour when faced with a pathologically small ClientHello fragment that does not contain client_version: Instead of aborting with an error, simply choose the highest available protocol version (i.e., TLS 1.0 unless it is disabled). In practice, ClientHello messages are never sent like this, but this change gives us strictly correct behaviour at least for TLS.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix SSL handshake functions and SSL_clear() such that SSL_clear() never resets s->method to s->ctx->method when called from within one of the SSL handshake functions.

  Bodo Moeller; problem pointed out by Niko Baric

• In ssl3_get_client_hello (ssl/s3_srvr.c), generate a fatal alert (sent using the client's version number) if client_version is smaller than the protocol version in use. Also change ssl23_get_client_hello (ssl/s23_srvr.c) to select TLS 1.0 if the client demanded SSL 3.0 but only TLS 1.0 is enabled; then the client will at least see that alert.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix ssl3_get_message (ssl/s3_both.c) to handle message fragmentation correctly.

  Bodo Moeller

• Avoid infinite loop in ssl3_get_message (ssl/s3_both.c) if a client receives HelloRequest while in a handshake.

  Bodo Moeller; bug noticed by Andy Schneider andy.schneider@bjss.co.uk

• Bugfix in ssl3_accept (ssl/s3_srvr.c): Case SSL3_ST_SW_HELLO_REQ_C should end in 'break', not 'goto end' which circumvents various cleanups done in state SSL_ST_OK. But session related stuff must be disabled for SSL_ST_OK in the case that we just sent a HelloRequest.

  Also avoid some overhead by not calling ssl_init_wbio_buffer() before just sending a HelloRequest.

  Bodo Moeller, Eric Rescorla ekr@rtfm.com

• Fix ssl/s3_enc.c, ssl/t1_enc.c and ssl/s3_pkt.c so that we don't reveal whether illegal block cipher padding was found or a MAC verification error occurred. (Neither SSLerr() codes nor alerts are directly visible to potential attackers, but the information may leak via logfiles.)

  Similar changes are not required for the SSL 2.0 implementation because the number of padding bytes is sent in clear for SSL 2.0, and the extra bytes are just ignored. However ssl/s2_pkt.c failed to verify that the purported number of padding bytes is in the legal range.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add OpenUNIX-8 support including shared libraries (Boyd Lynn Gerber gerberb@zenez.com).

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Improve RSA_padding_check_PKCS1_OAEP() check again to avoid 'wristwatch attack' using huge encoding parameters (cf. James H. Manger's CRYPTO 2001 paper). Note that the RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING case of RSA_private_decrypt() does not use encoding parameters and hence was not vulnerable.

  Bodo Moeller

• BN_sqr() bug fix.

  Ulf Möller, reported by Jim Ellis jim.ellis@cavium.com

• Rabin-Miller test analyses assume uniformly distributed witnesses, so use BN_pseudo_rand_range() instead of using BN_pseudo_rand() followed by modular reduction.

  Bodo Moeller; pointed out by Adam Young AYoung1@NCSUS.JNJ.COM

• Add BN_pseudo_rand_range() with obvious functionality: BN_rand_range() equivalent based on BN_pseudo_rand() instead of BN_rand().

  Bodo Moeller

• s3_srvr.c: allow sending of large client certificate lists (> 16 kB). This function was broken, as the check for a new client hello message to handle SGC did not allow these large messages. (Tracked down by "Douglas E. Engert" deengert@anl.gov.)

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Add alert descriptions for TLSv1 to SSL_alert_desc_string[_long]().

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Fix buggy behaviour of BIO_get_num_renegotiates() and BIO_ctrl() for BIO_C_GET_WRITE_BUF_SIZE ("Stephen Hinton" shinton@netopia.com).

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Rework the configuration and shared library support for Tru64 Unix. The configuration part makes use of modern compiler features and still retains old compiler behavior for those that run older versions of the OS. The shared library support part includes a variant that uses the RPATH feature, and is available through the special configuration target "alpha-cc-rpath", which will never be selected automatically.

  Tim Mooney mooney@dogbert.cc.ndsu.NoDak.edu via Richard Levitte

• In ssl3_get_key_exchange (ssl/s3_clnt.c), call ssl3_get_message() with the same message size as in ssl3_get_certificate_request(). Otherwise, if no ServerKeyExchange message occurs, CertificateRequest messages might inadvertently be reject as too long.

  Petr Lampa lampa@fee.vutbr.cz

• Enhanced support for IA-64 Unix platforms (well, Linux and HP-UX).

  Andy Polyakov

• Modified SSL library such that the verify_callback that has been set specifically for an SSL object with SSL_set_verify() is actually being used. Before the change, a verify_callback set with this function was ignored and the verify_callback() set in the SSL_CTX at the time of the call was used. New function X509_STORE_CTX_set_verify_cb() introduced to allow the necessary settings.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Initialize static variable in crypto/dsa/dsa_lib.c and crypto/dh/dh_lib.c explicitly to NULL, as at least on Solaris 8 this seems not always to be done automatically (in contradiction to the requirements of the C standard). This made problems when used from OpenSSH.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• In OpenSSL 0.9.6a and 0.9.6b, crypto/dh/dh_key.c ignored dh->length and always used

      BN_rand_range(priv_key, dh->p).
  

  BN_rand_range() is not necessary for Diffie-Hellman, and this specific range makes Diffie-Hellman unnecessarily inefficient if dh->length (recommended exponent length) is much smaller than the length of dh->p. We could use BN_rand_range() if the order of the subgroup was stored in the DH structure, but we only have dh->length.

  So switch back to

      BN_rand(priv_key, l, ...)
  

  where 'l' is dh->length if this is defined, or BN_num_bits(dh->p)-1 otherwise.

  Bodo Moeller

• In

      RSA_eay_public_encrypt
      RSA_eay_private_decrypt
      RSA_eay_private_encrypt (signing)
      RSA_eay_public_decrypt (signature verification)
  

  (default implementations for RSA_public_encrypt, RSA_private_decrypt, RSA_private_encrypt, RSA_public_decrypt), always reject numbers >= n.

  Bodo Moeller

• In crypto/rand/md_rand.c, use a new short-time lock CRYPTO_LOCK_RAND2 to synchronize access to 'locking_thread'. This is necessary on systems where access to 'locking_thread' (an 'unsigned long' variable) is not atomic.

  Bodo Moeller

• In crypto/rand/md_rand.c, set 'locking_thread' to current thread's ID before setting the 'crypto_lock_rand' flag. The previous code had a race condition if 0 is a valid thread ID.

  Travis Vitek vitek@roguewave.com

• Add support for shared libraries under Irix.

  Albert Chin-A-Young china@thewrittenword.com

• Add configuration option to build on Linux on both big-endian and little-endian MIPS.

  Ralf Baechle ralf@uni-koblenz.de

• Add the possibility to create shared libraries on HP-UX.

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 0.9.6a and 0.9.6b [9 Jul 2001]

• Change ssleay_rand_bytes (crypto/rand/md_rand.c) to avoid a SSLeay/OpenSSL PRNG weakness pointed out by Markku-Juhani O. Saarinen markku-juhani.saarinen@nokia.com: PRNG state recovery was possible based on the output of one PRNG request appropriately sized to gain knowledge on 'md' followed by enough consecutive 1-byte PRNG requests to traverse all of 'state'.

  1. When updating 'md_local' (the current thread's copy of 'md') during PRNG output generation, hash all of the previous 'md_local' value, not just the half used for PRNG output.

  2. Make the number of bytes from 'state' included into the hash independent from the number of PRNG bytes requested.

  The first measure alone would be sufficient to avoid Markku-Juhani's attack. (Actually it had never occurred to me that the half of 'md_local' used for chaining was the half from which PRNG output bytes were taken -- I had always assumed that the secret half would be used.) The second measure makes sure that additional data from 'state' is never mixed into 'md_local' in small portions; this heuristically further strengthens the PRNG.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix crypto/bn/asm/mips3.s.

  Andy Polyakov

• When only the key is given to "enc", the IV is undefined. Print out an error message in this case.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Handle special case when X509_NAME is empty in X509 printing routines.

  Steve Henson

• In dsa_do_verify (crypto/dsa/dsa_ossl.c), verify that r and s are positive and less than q.

  Bodo Moeller

• Don't change *pointer in CRYPTO_add_lock() is add_lock_callback is used: it isn't thread safe and the add_lock_callback should handle that itself.

  Paul Rose Paul.Rose@bridge.com

• Verify that incoming data obeys the block size in ssl3_enc (ssl/s3_enc.c) and tls1_enc (ssl/t1_enc.c).

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix OAEP check.

  Ulf Möller, Bodo Möller

• The countermeasure against Bleichbacher's attack on PKCS #1 v1.5 RSA encryption was accidentally removed in s3_srvr.c in OpenSSL 0.9.5 when fixing the server behaviour for backwards-compatible 'client hello' messages. (Note that the attack is impractical against SSL 3.0 and TLS 1.0 anyway because length and version checking means that the probability of guessing a valid ciphertext is around 2^-40; see section 5 in Bleichenbacher's CRYPTO '98 paper.)

  Before 0.9.5, the countermeasure (hide the error by generating a random 'decryption result') did not work properly because ERR_clear_error() was missing, meaning that SSL_get_error() would detect the supposedly ignored error.

  Both problems are now fixed.

  Bodo Moeller

• In crypto/bio/bf_buff.c, increase DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE to 4096 (previously it was 1024).

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix for compatibility mode trust settings: ignore trust settings unless some valid trust or reject settings are present.

  Steve Henson

• Fix for blowfish EVP: its a variable length cipher.

  Steve Henson

• Fix various bugs related to DSA S/MIME verification. Handle missing parameters in DSA public key structures and return an error in the DSA routines if parameters are absent.

  Steve Henson

• In versions up to 0.9.6, RAND_file_name() resorted to file ".rnd" in the current directory if neither $RANDFILE nor $HOME was set. RAND_file_name() in 0.9.6a returned NULL in this case. This has caused some confusion to Windows users who haven't defined $HOME. Thus RAND_file_name() is changed again: e_os.h can define a DEFAULT_HOME, which will be used if $HOME is not set. For Windows, we use "C:"; on other platforms, we still require environment variables.

• Move 'if (!initialized) RAND_poll()' into regions protected by CRYPTO_LOCK_RAND. This is not strictly necessary, but avoids having multiple threads call RAND_poll() concurrently.

  Bodo Moeller

• In crypto/rand/md_rand.c, replace 'add_do_not_lock' flag by a combination of a flag and a thread ID variable. Otherwise while one thread is in ssleay_rand_bytes (which sets the flag), other threads can enter ssleay_add_bytes without obeying the CRYPTO_LOCK_RAND lock (and may even illegally release the lock that they do not hold after the first thread unsets add_do_not_lock).

  Bodo Moeller

• Change bctest again: '-x' expressions are not available in all versions of 'test'.

  Bodo Moeller

Changes between 0.9.6 and 0.9.6a [5 Apr 2001]

• Fix a couple of memory leaks in PKCS7_dataDecode()

  Steve Henson, reported by Heyun Zheng hzheng@atdsprint.com

• Change Configure and Makefiles to provide EXE_EXT, which will contain the default extension for executables, if any. Also, make the perl scripts that use symlink() to test if it really exists and use "cp" if it doesn't. All this made OpenSSL compilable and installable in CygWin.

  Richard Levitte

• Fix for asn1_GetSequence() for indefinite length constructed data. If SEQUENCE is length is indefinite just set c->slen to the total amount of data available.

  Steve Henson, reported by shige@FreeBSD.org

  This change does not apply to 0.9.7.

• Change bctest to avoid here-documents inside command substitution (workaround for FreeBSD /bin/sh bug). For compatibility with Ultrix, avoid shell functions (introduced in the bctest version that searches along $PATH).

  Bodo Moeller

• Rename 'des_encrypt' to 'des_encrypt1'. This avoids the clashes with des_encrypt() defined on some operating systems, like Solaris and UnixWare.

  Richard Levitte

• Check the result of RSA-CRT (see D. Boneh, R. DeMillo, R. Lipton: On the Importance of Eliminating Errors in Cryptographic Computations, J. Cryptology 14 (2001) 2, 101-119, http://theory.stanford.edu/~dabo/papers/faults.ps.gz).

  Ulf Moeller

• MIPS assembler BIGNUM division bug fix.

  Andy Polyakov

• Disabled incorrect Alpha assembler code.

  Richard Levitte

• Fix PKCS#7 decode routines so they correctly update the length after reading an EOC for the EXPLICIT tag.

  Steve Henson

  This change does not apply to 0.9.7.

• Fix bug in PKCS#12 key generation routines. This was triggered if a 3DES key was generated with a 0 initial byte. Include PKCS12_BROKEN_KEYGEN compilation option to retain the old (but broken) behaviour.

  Steve Henson

• Enhance bctest to search for a working bc along $PATH and print it when found.

  Tim Rice tim@multitalents.net via Richard Levitte

• Fix memory leaks in err.c: free err_data string if necessary; don't write to the wrong index in ERR_set_error_data.

  Bodo Moeller

• Implement ssl23_peek (analogous to ssl23_read), which previously did not exist.

  Bodo Moeller

• Replace rdtsc with _emit statements for VC++ version 5.

  Jeremy Cooper jeremy@baymoo.org

• Make it possible to reuse SSLv2 sessions.

  Richard Levitte

• In copy_email() check for >= 0 as a return value for X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID() since 0 is a valid index.

  Steve Henson reported by Massimiliano Pala madwolf@opensca.org

• Avoid coredump with unsupported or invalid public keys by checking if X509_get_pubkey() fails in PKCS7_verify(). Fix memory leak when PKCS7_verify() fails with non detached data.

  Steve Henson

• Don't use getenv in library functions when run as setuid/setgid. New function OPENSSL_issetugid().

  Ulf Moeller

• Avoid false positives in memory leak detection code (crypto/mem_dbg.c) due to incorrect handling of multi-threading:

  1. Fix timing glitch in the MemCheck_off() portion of CRYPTO_mem_ctrl().

  2. Fix logical glitch in is_MemCheck_on() aka CRYPTO_is_mem_check_on().

  3. Count how many times MemCheck_off() has been called so that nested use can be treated correctly. This also avoids inband-signalling in the previous code (which relied on the assumption that thread ID 0 is impossible).

  Bodo Moeller

• Add "-rand" option also to s_client and s_server.

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Fix CPU detection on Irix 6.x. Kurt Hockenbury khockenb@stevens-tech.edu and "Bruce W. Forsberg" bruce.forsberg@baesystems.com

• Fix X509_NAME bug which produced incorrect encoding if X509_NAME was empty.

  Steve Henson

  This change does not apply to 0.9.7.

• Use the cached encoding of an X509_NAME structure rather than copying it. This is apparently the reason for the libsafe "errors" but the code is actually correct.

  Steve Henson

• Add new function BN_rand_range(), and fix DSA_sign_setup() to prevent Bleichenbacher's DSA attack. Extend BN_[pseudo_]rand: As before, top=1 forces the highest two bits to be set and top=0 forces the highest bit to be set; top=-1 is new and leaves the highest bit random.

  Ulf Moeller, Bodo Moeller

• In the NCONF_...-based implementations for CONF_... queries (crypto/conf/conf_lib.c), if the input LHASH is NULL, avoid using a temporary CONF structure with the data component set to NULL (which gives segmentation faults in lh_retrieve). Instead, use NULL for the CONF pointer in CONF_get_string and CONF_get_number (which may use environment variables) and directly return NULL from CONF_get_section.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix potential buffer overrun for EBCDIC.

  Ulf Moeller

• Tolerate nonRepudiation as being valid for S/MIME signing and certSign keyUsage if basicConstraints absent for a CA.

  Steve Henson

• Make SMIME_write_PKCS7() write mail header values with a format that is more generally accepted (no spaces before the semicolon), since some programs can't parse those values properly otherwise. Also make sure BIO's that break lines after each write do not create invalid headers.

  Richard Levitte

• Make the CRL encoding routines work with empty SEQUENCE OF. The macros previously used would not encode an empty SEQUENCE OF and break the signature.

  Steve Henson

  This change does not apply to 0.9.7.

• Zero the premaster secret after deriving the master secret in DH ciphersuites.

  Steve Henson

• Add some EVP_add_digest_alias registrations (as found in OpenSSL_add_all_digests()) to SSL_library_init() aka OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms(). This provides improved compatibility with peers using X.509 certificates with unconventional AlgorithmIdentifier OIDs.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix for Irix with NO_ASM.

  "Bruce W. Forsberg" bruce.forsberg@baesystems.com

• ./config script fixes.

  Ulf Moeller, Richard Levitte

• Fix 'openssl passwd -1'.

  Bodo Moeller

• Change PKCS12_key_gen_asc() so it can cope with non null terminated strings whose length is passed in the passlen parameter, for example from PEM callbacks. This was done by adding an extra length parameter to asc2uni().

  Steve Henson, reported by oddissey@samsung.co.kr

• Fix C code generated by 'openssl dsaparam -C': If a BN_bin2bn call failed, free the DSA structure.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix to uni2asc() to cope with zero length Unicode strings. These are present in some PKCS#12 files.

  Steve Henson

• Increase s2->wbuf allocation by one byte in ssl2_new (ssl/s2_lib.c). Otherwise do_ssl_write (ssl/s2_pkt.c) will write beyond buffer limits when writing a 32767 byte record.

  Bodo Moeller; problem reported by Eric Day eday@concentric.net

• In RSA_eay_public_{en,ed}crypt and RSA_eay_mod_exp (rsa_eay.c), obtain lock CRYPTO_LOCK_RSA before setting rsa->_method_mod_{n,p,q}.

  (RSA objects have a reference count access to which is protected by CRYPTO_LOCK_RSA [see rsa_lib.c, s3_srvr.c, ssl_cert.c, ssl_rsa.c], so they are meant to be shared between threads.) Bodo Moeller, Geoff Thorpe; original patch submitted by "Reddie, Steven" Steven.Reddie@ca.com

• Fix a deadlock in CRYPTO_mem_leaks().

  Bodo Moeller

• Use better test patterns in bntest.

  Ulf Möller

• rand_win.c fix for Borland C.

  Ulf Möller

• BN_rshift bugfix for n == 0.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add a 'bctest' script that checks for some known 'bc' bugs so that 'make test' does not abort just because 'bc' is broken.

  Bodo Moeller

• Store verify_result within SSL_SESSION also for client side to avoid potential security hole. (Reused sessions on the client side always resulted in verify_result==X509_V_OK, not using the original result of the server certificate verification.)

  Lutz Jaenicke

• Fix ssl3_pending: If the record in s->s3->rrec is not of type SSL3_RT_APPLICATION_DATA, return 0. Similarly, change ssl2_pending to return 0 if SSL_in_init(s) is true.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix SSL_peek: Both ssl2_peek and ssl3_peek, which were totally broken in earlier releases, have been re-implemented by renaming the previous implementations of ssl2_read and ssl3_read to ssl2_read_internal and ssl3_read_internal, respectively, and adding 'peek' parameters to them. The new ssl[23]_{read,peek} functions are calls to ssl[23]_read_internal with the 'peek' flag set appropriately. A 'peek' parameter has also been added to ssl3_read_bytes, which does the actual work for ssl3_read_internal.

  Bodo Moeller

• Initialise "ex_data" member of RSA/DSA/DH structures prior to calling the method-specific "init()" handler. Also clean up ex_data after calling the method-specific "finish()" handler. Previously, this was happening the other way round.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Increase BN_CTX_NUM (the number of BIGNUMs in a BN_CTX) to 16. The previous value, 12, was not always sufficient for BN_mod_exp().

  Bodo Moeller

• Make sure that shared libraries get the internal name engine with the full version number and not just 0. This should mark the shared libraries as not backward compatible. Of course, this should be changed again when we can guarantee backward binary compatibility.

  Richard Levitte

• Fix typo in get_cert_by_subject() in by_dir.c

  Jean-Marc Desperrier jean-marc.desperrier@certplus.com

• Rework the system to generate shared libraries:

  • Make note of the expected extension for the shared libraries and if there is a need for symbolic links from for example libcrypto.so.0 to libcrypto.so.0.9.7. There is extended info in Configure for that.

  • Make as few rebuilds of the shared libraries as possible.

  • Still avoid linking the OpenSSL programs with the shared libraries.

  • When installing, install the shared libraries separately from the static ones.

  Richard Levitte

• Fix SSL_CTX_set_read_ahead macro to actually use its argument.

  Copy SSL_CTX's read_ahead flag to SSL object directly in SSL_new and not in SSL_clear because the latter is also used by the accept/connect functions; previously, the settings made by SSL_set_read_ahead would be lost during the handshake.

  Bodo Moeller; problems reported by Anders Gertz gertz@epact.se

• Correct util/mkdef.pl to be selective about disabled algorithms. Previously, it would create entries for disabled algorithms no matter what.

  Richard Levitte

• Added several new manual pages for SSL_* function.

  Lutz Jaenicke

Changes between 0.9.5a and 0.9.6 [24 Sep 2000]

• In ssl23_get_client_hello, generate an error message when faced with an initial SSL 3.0/TLS record that is too small to contain the first two bytes of the ClientHello message, i.e. client_version. (Note that this is a pathologic case that probably has never happened in real life.) The previous approach was to use the version number from the record header as a substitute; but our protocol choice should not depend on that one because it is not authenticated by the Finished messages.

  Bodo Moeller

• More robust randomness gathering functions for Windows.

  Jeffrey Altman jaltman@columbia.edu

• For compatibility reasons if the flag X509_V_FLAG_ISSUER_CHECK is not set then we don't setup the error code for issuer check errors to avoid possibly overwriting other errors which the callback does handle. If an application does set the flag then we assume it knows what it is doing and can handle the new informational codes appropriately.

  Steve Henson

• Fix for a nasty bug in ASN1_TYPE handling. ASN1_TYPE is used for a general "ANY" type, as such it should be able to decode anything including tagged types. However it didn't check the class so it would wrongly interpret tagged types in the same way as their universal counterpart and unknown types were just rejected. Changed so that the tagged and unknown types are handled in the same way as a SEQUENCE: that is the encoding is stored intact. There is also a new type "V_ASN1_OTHER" which is used when the class is not universal, in this case we have no idea what the actual type is so we just lump them all together.

  Steve Henson

• On VMS, stdout may very well lead to a file that is written to in a record-oriented fashion. That means that every write() will write a separate record, which will be read separately by the programs trying to read from it. This can be very confusing.

  The solution is to put a BIO filter in the way that will buffer text until a linefeed is reached, and then write everything a line at a time, so every record written will be an actual line, not chunks of lines and not (usually doesn't happen, but I've seen it once) several lines in one record. BIO_f_linebuffer() is the answer.

  Currently, it's a VMS-only method, because that's where it has been tested well enough.

  Richard Levitte

• Remove 'optimized' squaring variant in BN_mod_mul_montgomery, it can return incorrect results. (Note: The buggy variant was not enabled in OpenSSL 0.9.5a, but it was in 0.9.6-beta[12].)

  Bodo Moeller

• Disable the check for content being present when verifying detached signatures in pk7_smime.c. Some versions of Netscape (wrongly) include zero length content when signing messages.

  Steve Henson

• New BIO_shutdown_wr macro, which invokes the BIO_C_SHUTDOWN_WR BIO_ctrl (for BIO pairs).

  Bodo Möller

• Add DSO method for VMS.

  Richard Levitte

• Bug fix: Montgomery multiplication could produce results with the wrong sign.

  Ulf Möller

• Add RPM specification openssl.spec and modify it to build three packages. The default package contains applications, application documentation and run-time libraries. The devel package contains include files, static libraries and function documentation. The doc package contains the contents of the doc directory. The original openssl.spec was provided by Damien Miller djm@mindrot.org.

  Richard Levitte

• Add a large number of documentation files for many SSL routines.

  Lutz Jaenicke Lutz.Jaenicke@aet.TU-Cottbus.DE

• Add a configuration entry for Sony News 4.

  NAKAJI Hiroyuki nakaji@tutrp.tut.ac.jp

• Don't set the two most significant bits to one when generating a random number < q in the DSA library.

  Ulf Möller

• New SSL API mode 'SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY'. This disables the default behaviour that SSL_read may result in SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ (even if the underlying transport is blocking) if a handshake took place. (The default behaviour is needed by applications such as s_client and s_server that use select() to determine when to use SSL_read; but for applications that know in advance when to expect data, it just makes things more complicated.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Add RAND_egd_bytes(), which gives control over the number of bytes read from EGD.

  Ben Laurie

• Add a few more EBCDIC conditionals that make req and x509 work better on such systems.

  Martin Kraemer Martin.Kraemer@MchP.Siemens.De

• Add two demo programs for PKCS12_parse() and PKCS12_create(). Update PKCS12_parse() so it copies the friendlyName and the keyid to the certificates aux info.

  Steve Henson

• Fix bug in PKCS7_verify() which caused an infinite loop if there was more than one signature.

  Sven Uszpelkat su@celocom.de

• Major change in util/mkdef.pl to include extra information about each symbol, as well as presenting variables as well as functions. This change means that there's n more need to rebuild the .num files when some algorithms are excluded.

  Richard Levitte

• Allow the verify time to be set by an application, rather than always using the current time.

  Steve Henson

• Phase 2 verify code reorganisation. The certificate verify code now looks up an issuer certificate by a number of criteria: subject name, authority key id and key usage. It also verifies self signed certificates by the same criteria. The main comparison function is X509_check_issued() which performs these checks.

  Lot of changes were necessary in order to support this without completely rewriting the lookup code.

  Authority and subject key identifier are now cached.

  The LHASH 'certs' is X509_STORE has now been replaced by a STACK_OF(X509_OBJECT). This is mainly because an LHASH can't store or retrieve multiple objects with the same hash value.

  As a result various functions (which were all internal use only) have changed to handle the new X509_STORE structure. This will break anything that messed round with X509_STORE internally.

  The functions X509_STORE_add_cert() now checks for an exact match, rather than just subject name.

  The X509_STORE API doesn't directly support the retrieval of multiple certificates matching a given criteria, however this can be worked round by performing a lookup first (which will fill the cache with candidate certificates) and then examining the cache for matches. This is probably the best we can do without throwing out X509_LOOKUP entirely (maybe later...).

  The X509_VERIFY_CTX structure has been enhanced considerably.

  All certificate lookup operations now go via a get_issuer() callback. Although this currently uses an X509_STORE it can be replaced by custom lookups. This is a simple way to bypass the X509_STORE hackery necessary to make this work and makes it possible to use more efficient techniques in future. A very simple version which uses a simple STACK for its trusted certificate store is also provided using X509_STORE_CTX_trusted_stack().

  The verify_cb() and verify() callbacks now have equivalents in the X509_STORE_CTX structure.

  X509_STORE_CTX also has a 'flags' field which can be used to customise the verify behaviour.

  Steve Henson

• Add new PKCS#7 signing option PKCS7_NOSMIMECAP which excludes S/MIME capabilities.

  Steve Henson

• When a certificate request is read in keep a copy of the original encoding of the signed data and use it when outputting again. Signatures then use the original encoding rather than a decoded, encoded version which may cause problems if the request is improperly encoded.

  Steve Henson

• For consistency with other BIO_puts implementations, call buffer_write(b, ...) directly in buffer_puts instead of calling BIO_write(b, ...).

  In BIO_puts, increment b->num_write as in BIO_write.

  Peter.Sylvester@EdelWeb.fr

• Fix BN_mul_word for the case where the word is 0. (We have to use BN_zero, we may not return a BIGNUM with an array consisting of words set to zero.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Avoid calling abort() from within the library when problems are detected, except if preprocessor symbols have been defined (such as REF_CHECK, BN_DEBUG etc.).

  Bodo Moeller

• New openssl application 'rsautl'. This utility can be used for low-level RSA operations. DER public key BIO/fp routines also added.

  Steve Henson

• New Configure entry and patches for compiling on QNX 4.

  Andreas Schneider andreas@ds3.etech.fh-hamburg.de

• A demo state-machine implementation was sponsored by Nuron (http://www.nuron.com/) and is now available in demos/state_machine.

  Ben Laurie

• New options added to the 'dgst' utility for signature generation and verification.

  Steve Henson

• Unrecognized PKCS#7 content types are now handled via a catch all ASN1_TYPE structure. This allows unsupported types to be stored as a "blob" and an application can encode and decode it manually.

  Steve Henson

• Fix various signed/unsigned issues to make a_strex.c compile under VC++.

  Oscar Jacobsson oscar.jacobsson@celocom.com

• ASN1 fixes. i2d_ASN1_OBJECT was not returning the correct length if passed a buffer. ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN failed if passed a NULL BN and its argument was negative.

  Steve Henson, pointed out by Sven Heiberg sven@tartu.cyber.ee

• Modification to PKCS#7 encoding routines to output definite length encoding. Since currently the whole structures are in memory there's not real point in using indefinite length constructed encoding. However if OpenSSL is compiled with the flag PKCS7_INDEFINITE_ENCODING the old form is used.

  Steve Henson

• Added BIO_vprintf() and BIO_vsnprintf().

  Richard Levitte

• Added more prefixes to parse for in the strings written through a logging bio, to cover all the levels that are available through syslog. The prefixes are now:

      PANIC, EMERG, EMR       =>      LOG_EMERG
      ALERT, ALR              =>      LOG_ALERT
      CRIT, CRI               =>      LOG_CRIT
      ERROR, ERR              =>      LOG_ERR
      WARNING, WARN, WAR      =>      LOG_WARNING
      NOTICE, NOTE, NOT       =>      LOG_NOTICE
      INFO, INF               =>      LOG_INFO
      DEBUG, DBG              =>      LOG_DEBUG
  

  and as before, if none of those prefixes are present at the beginning of the string, LOG_ERR is chosen.

  On Win32, the LOG_* levels are mapped according to this:

      LOG_EMERG, LOG_ALERT, LOG_CRIT, LOG_ERR => EVENTLOG_ERROR_TYPE
      LOG_WARNING                             => EVENTLOG_WARNING_TYPE
      LOG_NOTICE, LOG_INFO, LOG_DEBUG         => EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE
  

  Richard Levitte

• Made it possible to reconfigure with just the configuration argument "reconf" or "reconfigure". The command line arguments are stored in Makefile.ssl in the variable CONFIGURE_ARGS, and are retrieved from there when reconfiguring.

  Richard Levitte

• MD4 implemented.

  Assar Westerlund assar@sics.se, Richard Levitte

• Add the arguments -CAfile and -CApath to the pkcs12 utility.

  Richard Levitte

• The obj_dat.pl script was messing up the sorting of object names. The reason was that it compared the quoted version of strings as a result "OCSP" > "OCSP Signing" because " > SPACE. Changed script to store unquoted versions of names and add quotes on output. It was also omitting some names from the lookup table if they were given a default value (that is if SN is missing it is given the same value as LN and vice versa), these are now added on the grounds that if an object has a name we should be able to look it up. Finally added warning output when duplicate short or long names are found.

  Steve Henson

• Changes needed for Tandem NSK.

  Scott Uroff scott@xypro.com

• Fix SSL 2.0 rollback checking: Due to an off-by-one error in RSA_padding_check_SSLv23(), special padding was never detected and thus the SSL 3.0/TLS 1.0 countermeasure against protocol version rollback attacks was not effective.

  In s23_clnt.c, don't use special rollback-attack detection padding (RSA_SSLV23_PADDING) if SSL 2.0 is the only protocol enabled in the client; similarly, in s23_srvr.c, don't do the rollback check if SSL 2.0 is the only protocol enabled in the server.

  Bodo Moeller

• Make it possible to get hexdumps of unprintable data with 'openssl asn1parse'. By implication, the functions ASN1_parse_dump() and BIO_dump_indent() are added.

  Richard Levitte

• New functions ASN1_STRING_print_ex() and X509_NAME_print_ex() these print out strings and name structures based on various flags including RFC2253 support and proper handling of multibyte characters. Added options to the 'x509' utility to allow the various flags to be set.

  Steve Henson

• Various fixes to use ASN1_TIME instead of ASN1_UTCTIME. Also change the functions X509_cmp_current_time() and X509_gmtime_adj() work with an ASN1_TIME structure, this will enable certificates using GeneralizedTime in validity dates to be checked.

  Steve Henson

• Make the NEG_PUBKEY_BUG code (which tolerates invalid negative public key encodings) on by default, NO_NEG_PUBKEY_BUG can be set to disable it.

  Steve Henson

• New function c2i_ASN1_OBJECT() which acts on ASN1_OBJECT content octets. An i2c_ASN1_OBJECT is unnecessary because the encoding can be trivially obtained from the structure.

  Steve Henson

• crypto/err.c locking bugfix: Use write locks (CRYPTO_w_[un]lock), not read locks (CRYPTO_r_[un]lock).

  Bodo Moeller

• A first attempt at creating official support for shared libraries through configuration. I've kept it so the default is static libraries only, and the OpenSSL programs are always statically linked for now, but there are preparations for dynamic linking in place. This has been tested on Linux and Tru64.

  Richard Levitte

• Randomness polling function for Win9x, as described in: Peter Gutmann, Software Generation of Practically Strong Random Numbers.

  Ulf Möller

• Fix so PRNG is seeded in req if using an already existing DSA key.

  Steve Henson

• New options to smime application. -inform and -outform allow alternative formats for the S/MIME message including PEM and DER. The -content option allows the content to be specified separately. This should allow things like Netscape form signing output easier to verify.

  Steve Henson

• Fix the ASN1 encoding of tags using the 'long form'.

  Steve Henson

• New ASN1 functions, i2c_* and c2i_* for INTEGER and BIT STRING types. These convert content octets to and from the underlying type. The actual tag and length octets are already assumed to have been read in and checked. These are needed because all other string types have virtually identical handling apart from the tag. By having versions of the ASN1 functions that just operate on content octets IMPLICIT tagging can be handled properly. It also allows the ASN1_ENUMERATED code to be cut down because ASN1_ENUMERATED and ASN1_INTEGER are identical apart from the tag.

  Steve Henson

• Change the handling of OID objects as follows:

  • New object identifiers are inserted in objects.txt, following the syntax given in crypto/objects/README.md.
  • objects.pl is used to process obj_mac.num and create a new obj_mac.h.
  • obj_dat.pl is used to create a new obj_dat.h, using the data in obj_mac.h.

  This is currently kind of a hack, and the perl code in objects.pl isn't very elegant, but it works as I intended. The simplest way to check that it worked correctly is to look in obj_dat.h and check the array nid_objs and make sure the objects haven't moved around (this is important!). Additions are OK, as well as consistent name changes.

  Richard Levitte

• Add BSD-style MD5-based passwords to 'openssl passwd' (option '-1').

  Bodo Moeller

• Addition of the command line parameter '-rand file' to 'openssl req'. The given file adds to whatever has already been seeded into the random pool through the RANDFILE configuration file option or environment variable, or the default random state file.

  Richard Levitte

• mkstack.pl now sorts each macro group into lexical order. Previously the output order depended on the order the files appeared in the directory, resulting in needless rewriting of safestack.h .

  Steve Henson

• Patches to make OpenSSL compile under Win32 again. Mostly work arounds for the VC++ problem that it treats func() as func(void). Also stripped out the parts of mkdef.pl that added extra typesafe functions: these no longer exist.

  Steve Henson

• Reorganisation of the stack code. The macros are now all collected in safestack.h . Each macro is defined in terms of a "stack macro" of the form SKM_<name>(type, a, b). The DEBUG_SAFESTACK is now handled in terms of function casts, this has the advantage of retaining type safety without the use of additional functions. If DEBUG_SAFESTACK is not defined then the non typesafe macros are used instead. Also modified the mkstack.pl script to handle the new form. Needs testing to see if which (if any) compilers it chokes and maybe make DEBUG_SAFESTACK the default if no major problems. Similar behaviour for ASN1_SET_OF and PKCS12_STACK_OF.

  Steve Henson

• When some versions of IIS use the 'NET' form of private key the key derivation algorithm is different. Normally MD5(password) is used as a 128 bit RC4 key. In the modified case MD5(MD5(password) + "SGCKEYSALT") is used instead. Added some new functions i2d_RSA_NET(), d2i_RSA_NET() etc which are the same as the old Netscape_RSA functions except they have an additional 'sgckey' parameter which uses the modified algorithm. Also added an -sgckey command line option to the rsa utility. Thanks to Adrian Peck bertie@ncipher.com for posting details of the modified algorithm to openssl-dev.

  Steve Henson

• The evp_local.h macros were using 'c.##kname' which resulted in invalid expansion on some systems (SCO 5.0.5 for example). Corrected to 'c.kname'.

  Phillip Porch root@theporch.com

• New X509_get1_email() and X509_REQ_get1_email() functions that return a STACK of email addresses from a certificate or request, these look in the subject name and the subject alternative name extensions and omit any duplicate addresses.

  Steve Henson

• Re-implement BN_mod_exp2_mont using independent (and larger) windows. This makes DSA verification about 2 % faster.

  Bodo Moeller

• Increase maximum window size in BN_mod_exp_... to 6 bits instead of 5 (meaning that now 2^5 values will be precomputed, which is only 4 KB plus overhead for 1024 bit moduli). This makes exponentiations about 0.5 % faster for 1024 bit exponents (as measured by "openssl speed rsa2048").

  Bodo Moeller

• Rename memory handling macros to avoid conflicts with other software: Malloc => OPENSSL_malloc Malloc_locked => OPENSSL_malloc_locked Realloc => OPENSSL_realloc Free => OPENSSL_free

  Richard Levitte

• New function BN_mod_exp_mont_word for small bases (roughly 15% faster than BN_mod_exp_mont, i.e. 7% for a full DH exchange).

  Bodo Moeller

• CygWin32 support.

  John Jarvie jjarvie@newsguy.com

• The type-safe stack code has been rejigged. It is now only compiled in when OpenSSL is configured with the DEBUG_SAFESTACK option and by default all type-specific stack functions are "#define"d back to standard stack functions. This results in more streamlined output but retains the type-safety checking possibilities of the original approach.

  Geoff Thorpe

• The STACK code has been cleaned up, and certain type declarations that didn't make a lot of sense have been brought in line. This has also involved a cleanup of sorts in safestack.h to more correctly map type-safe stack functions onto their plain stack counterparts. This work has also resulted in a variety of "const"ifications of lots of the code, especially _cmp operations which should normally be prototyped with "const" parameters anyway.

  Geoff Thorpe

• When generating bytes for the first time in md_rand.c, 'stir the pool' by seeding with STATE_SIZE dummy bytes (with zero entropy count). (The PRNG state consists of two parts, the large pool 'state' and 'md', where all of 'md' is used each time the PRNG is used, but 'state' is used only indexed by a cyclic counter. As entropy may not be well distributed from the beginning, 'md' is important as a chaining variable. However, the output function chains only half of 'md', i.e. 80 bits. ssleay_rand_add, on the other hand, chains all of 'md', and seeding with STATE_SIZE dummy bytes will result in all of 'state' being rewritten, with the new values depending on virtually all of 'md'. This overcomes the 80 bit limitation.)

  Bodo Moeller

• In ssl/s2_clnt.c and ssl/s3_clnt.c, call ERR_clear_error() when the handshake is continued after ssl_verify_cert_chain(); otherwise, if SSL_VERIFY_NONE is set, remaining error codes can lead to 'unexplainable' connection aborts later.

  Bodo Moeller; problem tracked down by Lutz Jaenicke

• Major EVP API cipher revision. Add hooks for extra EVP features. This allows various cipher parameters to be set in the EVP interface. Support added for variable key length ciphers via the EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_key_length() function and setting of RC2 and RC5 parameters.

  Modify EVP_OpenInit() and EVP_SealInit() to cope with variable key length ciphers.

  Remove lots of duplicated code from the EVP library. For example every cipher init() function handles the 'iv' in the same way according to the cipher mode. They also all do nothing if the 'key' parameter is NULL and for CFB and OFB modes they zero ctx->num.

  New functionality allows removal of S/MIME code RC2 hack.

  Most of the routines have the same form and so can be declared in terms of macros.

  By shifting this to the top level EVP_CipherInit() it can be removed from all individual ciphers. If the cipher wants to handle IVs or keys differently it can set the EVP_CIPH_CUSTOM_IV or EVP_CIPH_ALWAYS_CALL_INIT flags.

  Change lots of functions like EVP_EncryptUpdate() to now return a value: although software versions of the algorithms cannot fail any installed hardware versions can.

  Steve Henson

• Implement SSL_OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG: In ssl3_get_client_key_exchange, if this option is set, tolerate broken clients that send the negotiated protocol version number instead of the requested protocol version number.

  Bodo Moeller

• Call dh_tmp_cb (set by ..._TMP_DH_CB) with correct 'is_export' flag; i.e. non-zero for export ciphersuites, zero otherwise. Previous versions had this flag inverted, inconsistent with rsa_tmp_cb (..._TMP_RSA_CB).

  Bodo Moeller; problem reported by Amit Chopra

• Add missing DSA library text string. Work around for some IIS key files with invalid SEQUENCE encoding.

  Steve Henson

• Add a document (doc/standards.txt) that list all kinds of standards and so on that are implemented in OpenSSL.

  Richard Levitte

• Enhance c_rehash script. Old version would mishandle certificates with the same subject name hash and wouldn't handle CRLs at all. Added -fingerprint option to crl utility, to support new c_rehash features.

  Steve Henson

• Eliminate non-ANSI declarations in crypto.h and stack.h.

  Ulf Möller

• Fix for SSL server purpose checking. Server checking was rejecting certificates which had extended key usage present but no ssl client purpose.

  Steve Henson, reported by Rene Grosser grosser@hisolutions.com

• Make PKCS#12 code work with no password. The PKCS#12 spec is a little unclear about how a blank password is handled. Since the password in encoded as a BMPString with terminating double NULL a zero length password would end up as just the double NULL. However no password at all is different and is handled differently in the PKCS#12 key generation code. NS treats a blank password as zero length. MSIE treats it as no password on export: but it will try both on import. We now do the same: PKCS12_parse() tries zero length and no password if the password is set to "" or NULL (NULL is now a valid password: it wasn't before) as does the pkcs12 application.

  Steve Henson

• Bugfixes in apps/x509.c: Avoid a memory leak; and don't use perror when PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ fails, the error message must be obtained from the error queue.

  Bodo Moeller

• Avoid 'thread_hash' memory leak in crypto/err/err.c by freeing it in ERR_remove_state if appropriate, and change ERR_get_state accordingly to avoid race conditions (this is necessary because thread_hash is no longer constant once set).

  Bodo Moeller

• Bugfix for linux-elf makefile.one.

  Ulf Möller

• RSA_get_default_method() will now cause a default RSA_METHOD to be chosen if one doesn't exist already. Previously this was only set during a call to RSA_new() or RSA_new_method(NULL) meaning it was possible for RSA_get_default_method() to return NULL.

  Geoff Thorpe

• Added native name translation to the existing DSO code that will convert (if the flag to do so is set) filenames that are sufficiently small and have no path information into a canonical native form. Eg. "blah" converted to "libblah.so" or "blah.dll" etc.

  Geoff Thorpe

• New function ERR_error_string_n(e, buf, len) which is like ERR_error_string(e, buf), but writes at most 'len' bytes including the 0 terminator. For ERR_error_string_n, 'buf' may not be NULL.

  Damien Miller djm@mindrot.org, Bodo Moeller

• CONF library reworked to become more general. A new CONF configuration file reader "class" is implemented as well as a new functions (NCONF_*, for "New CONF") to handle it. The now old CONF_* functions are still there, but are reimplemented to work in terms of the new functions. Also, a set of functions to handle the internal storage of the configuration data is provided to make it easier to write new configuration file reader "classes" (I can definitely see something reading a configuration file in XML format, for example), called _CONF_*, or "the configuration storage API"...

  The new configuration file reading functions are:

      NCONF_new, NCONF_free, NCONF_load, NCONF_load_fp, NCONF_load_bio,
      NCONF_get_section, NCONF_get_string, NCONF_get_numbre
  
      NCONF_default, NCONF_WIN32
  
      NCONF_dump_fp, NCONF_dump_bio
  

  NCONF_default and NCONF_WIN32 are method (or "class") choosers, NCONF_new creates a new CONF object. This works in the same way as other interfaces in OpenSSL, like the BIO interface. NCONF_dump_* dump the internal storage of the configuration file, which is useful for debugging. All other functions take the same arguments as the old CONF_* functions with the exception of the first that must be a CONF * instead of a LHASH *.

  To make it easier to use the new classes with the old CONF_* functions, the function CONF_set_default_method is provided.

  Richard Levitte

• Add '-tls1' option to 'openssl ciphers', which was already mentioned in the documentation but had not been implemented. (This option is not yet really useful because even the additional experimental TLS 1.0 ciphers are currently treated as SSL 3.0 ciphers.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Initial DSO code added into libcrypto for letting OpenSSL (and OpenSSL-based applications) load shared libraries and bind to them in a portable way.

  Geoff Thorpe, with contributions from Richard Levitte

Changes between 0.9.5 and 0.9.5a [1 Apr 2000]

• Make sure _lrotl and _lrotr are only used with MSVC.

• Use lock CRYPTO_LOCK_RAND correctly in ssleay_rand_status (the default implementation of RAND_status).

• Rename openssl x509 option '-crlext', which was added in 0.9.5, to '-clrext' (= clear extensions), as intended and documented. Bodo Moeller; inconsistency pointed out by Michael Attili attili@amaxo.com

• Fix for HMAC. It wasn't zeroing the rest of the block if the key length was larger than the MD block size.

  Steve Henson, pointed out by Yost William YostW@tce.com

• Modernise PKCS12_parse() so it uses STACK_OF(X509) for its ca argument fix a leak when the ca argument was passed as NULL. Stop X509_PUBKEY_set() using the passed key: if the passed key was a private key the result of X509_print(), for example, would be to print out all the private key components.

  Steve Henson

• des_quad_cksum() byte order bug fix. Ulf Möller, using the problem description in krb4-0.9.7, where the solution is attributed to Derrick J Brashear shadow@DEMENTIA.ORG

• Fix so V_ASN1_APP_CHOOSE works again: however its use is strongly discouraged.

  Steve Henson, pointed out by Brian Korver briank@cs.stanford.edu

• For easily testing in shell scripts whether some command 'openssl XXX' exists, the new pseudo-command 'openssl no-XXX' returns with exit code 0 iff no command of the given name is available. 'no-XXX' is printed in this case, 'XXX' otherwise. In both cases, the output goes to stdout and nothing is printed to stderr. Additional arguments are always ignored.

  Since for each cipher there is a command of the same name, the 'no-cipher' compilation switches can be tested this way.

  ('openssl no-XXX' is not able to detect pseudo-commands such as 'quit', 'list-XXX-commands', or 'no-XXX' itself.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Update test suite so that 'make test' succeeds in 'no-rsa' configuration.

  Bodo Moeller

• For SSL_[CTX_]set_tmp_dh, don't create a DH key if SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE is set; it will be thrown away anyway because each handshake creates its own key. ssl_cert_dup, which is used by SSL_new, now copies DH keys in addition to parameters -- in previous versions (since OpenSSL 0.9.3) the 'default key' from SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh would always be lost, meaning you effectively got SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE when using this macro.

  Bodo Moeller

• New s_client option -ign_eof: EOF at stdin is ignored, and 'Q' and 'R' lose their special meanings (quit/renegotiate). This is part of what -quiet does; unlike -quiet, -ign_eof does not suppress any output.

  Richard Levitte

• Add compatibility options to the purpose and trust code. The purpose X509_PURPOSE_ANY is "any purpose" which automatically accepts a certificate or CA, this was the previous behaviour, with all the associated security issues.

  X509_TRUST_COMPAT is the old trust behaviour: only and automatically trust self signed roots in certificate store. A new trust setting X509_TRUST_DEFAULT is used to specify that a purpose has no associated trust setting and it should instead use the value in the default purpose.

  Steve Henson

• Fix the PKCS#8 DSA private key code so it decodes keys again and fix a memory leak.

  Steve Henson

• In util/mkerr.pl (which implements 'make errors'), preserve reason strings from the previous version of the .c file, as the default to have only downcase letters (and digits) in automatically generated reasons codes is not always appropriate.

  Bodo Moeller

• In ERR_load_ERR_strings(), build an ERR_LIB_SYS error reason table using strerror. Previously, ERR_reason_error_string() returned library names as reason strings for SYSerr; but SYSerr is a special case where small numbers are errno values, not library numbers.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add '-dsaparam' option to 'openssl dhparam' application. This converts DSA parameters into DH parameters. (When creating parameters, DSA_generate_parameters is used.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Include 'length' (recommended exponent length) in C code generated by 'openssl dhparam -C'.

  Bodo Moeller

• The second argument to set_label in perlasm was already being used so couldn't be used as a "file scope" flag. Moved to third argument which was free.

  Steve Henson

• In PEM_ASN1_write_bio and some other functions, use RAND_pseudo_bytes instead of RAND_bytes for encryption IVs and salts.

  Bodo Moeller

• Include RAND_status() into RAND_METHOD instead of implementing it only for md_rand.c Otherwise replacing the PRNG by calling RAND_set_rand_method would be impossible.

  Bodo Moeller

• Don't let DSA_generate_key() enter an infinite loop if the random number generation fails.

  Bodo Moeller

• New 'rand' application for creating pseudo-random output.

  Bodo Moeller

• Added configuration support for Linux/IA64

  Rolf Haberrecker rolf@suse.de

• Assembler module support for Mingw32.

  Ulf Möller

• Shared library support for HPUX (in shlib/).

  Lutz Jaenicke Lutz.Jaenicke@aet.TU-Cottbus.DE and Anonymous

• Shared library support for Solaris gcc.

  Lutz Behnke behnke@trustcenter.de

Changes between 0.9.4 and 0.9.5 [28 Feb 2000]

• PKCS7_encrypt() was adding text MIME headers twice because they were added manually and by SMIME_crlf_copy().

  Steve Henson

• In bntest.c don't call BN_rand with zero bits argument.

  Steve Henson, pointed out by Andrew W. Gray agray@iconsinc.com

• BN_mul bugfix: In bn_mul_part_recursion() only the a>a[n] && b>b[n] case was implemented. This caused BN_div_recp() to fail occasionally.

  Ulf Möller

• Add an optional second argument to the set_label() in the perl assembly language builder. If this argument exists and is set to 1 it signals that the assembler should use a symbol whose scope is the entire file, not just the current function. This is needed with MASM which uses the format label:: for this scope.

  Steve Henson, pointed out by Peter Runestig peter@runestig.com

• Change the ASN1 types so they are typedefs by default. Before almost all types were #define'd to ASN1_STRING which was causing STACK_OF() problems: you couldn't declare STACK_OF(ASN1_UTF8STRING) for example.

  Steve Henson

• Change names of new functions to the new get1/get0 naming convention: After 'get1', the caller owns a reference count and has to call ..._free; 'get0' returns a pointer to some data structure without incrementing reference counters. (Some of the existing 'get' functions increment a reference counter, some don't.) Similarly, 'set1' and 'add1' functions increase reference counters or duplicate objects.

  Steve Henson

• Allow for the possibility of temp RSA key generation failure: the code used to assume it always worked and crashed on failure.

  Steve Henson

• Fix potential buffer overrun problem in BIO_printf(). Ulf Möller, using public domain code by Patrick Powell; problem pointed out by David Sacerdote das33@cornell.edu

• Support EGD http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/. New functions RAND_egd() and RAND_status(). In the command line application, the EGD socket can be specified like a seed file using RANDFILE or -rand.

  Ulf Möller

• Allow the string CERTIFICATE to be tolerated in PKCS#7 structures. Some CAs (e.g. Verisign) distribute certificates in this form.

  Steve Henson

• Remove the SSL_ALLOW_ADH compile option and set the default cipher list to exclude them. This means that no special compilation option is needed to use anonymous DH: it just needs to be included in the cipher list.

  Steve Henson

• Change the EVP_MD_CTX_type macro so its meaning consistent with EVP_MD_type. The old functionality is available in a new macro called EVP_MD_md(). Change code that uses it and update docs.

  Steve Henson

• ..._ctrl functions now have corresponding ..._callback_ctrl functions where the void * argument is replaced by a function pointer argument. Previously void * was abused to point to functions, which works on many platforms, but is not correct. As these functions are usually called by macros defined in OpenSSL header files, most source code should work without changes.

  Richard Levitte

• <openssl/opensslconf.h> (which is created by Configure) now contains sections with information on -D... compiler switches used for compiling the library so that applications can see them. To enable one of these sections, a pre-processor symbol OPENSSL_..._DEFINES must be defined. E.g., #define OPENSSL_ALGORITHM_DEFINES #include <openssl/opensslconf.h> defines all pertinent NO_<algo> symbols, such as NO_IDEA, NO_RSA, etc.

  Richard Levitte, Ulf and Bodo Möller

• Bugfix: Tolerate fragmentation and interleaving in the SSL 3/TLS record layer.

  Bodo Moeller

• Change the 'other' type in certificate aux info to a STACK_OF X509_ALGOR. Although not an AlgorithmIdentifier as such it has the required ASN1 format: arbitrary types determined by an OID.

  Steve Henson

• Add some PEM_write_X509_REQ_NEW() functions and a command line argument to 'req'. This is not because the function is newer or better than others it just uses the work 'NEW' in the certificate request header lines. Some software needs this.

  Steve Henson

• Reorganise password command line arguments: now passwords can be obtained from various sources. Delete the PEM_cb function and make it the default behaviour: i.e. if the callback is NULL and the usrdata argument is not NULL interpret it as a null terminated pass phrase. If usrdata and the callback are NULL then the pass phrase is prompted for as usual.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for the Compaq Atalla crypto accelerator. If it is installed, the support is automatically enabled. The resulting binaries will autodetect the card and use it if present.

  Ben Laurie and Compaq Inc.

• Work around for Netscape hang bug. This sends certificate request and server done in one record. Since this is perfectly legal in the SSL/TLS protocol it isn't a "bug" option and is on by default. See the bugs/SSLv3 entry for more info.

  Steve Henson

• HP-UX tune-up: new unified configs, HP C compiler bug workaround.

  Andy Polyakov

• Add -rand argument to smime and pkcs12 applications and read/write of seed file.

  Steve Henson

• New 'passwd' tool for crypt(3) and apr1 password hashes.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add command line password options to the remaining applications.

  Steve Henson

• Bug fix for BN_div_recp() for numerators with an even number of bits.

  Ulf Möller

• More tests in bntest.c, and changed test_bn output.

  Ulf Möller

• ./config recognizes MacOS X now.

  Andy Polyakov

• Bug fix for BN_div() when the first words of num and divisor are equal (it gave wrong results if (rem=(n1-q*d0)&BN_MASK2) < d0).

  Ulf Möller

• Add support for various broken PKCS#8 formats, and command line options to produce them.

  Steve Henson

• New functions BN_CTX_start(), BN_CTX_get() and BT_CTX_end() to get temporary BIGNUMs from a BN_CTX.

  Ulf Möller

• Correct return values in BN_mod_exp_mont() and BN_mod_exp2_mont() for p == 0.

  Ulf Möller

• Change the SSLeay_add_all_*() functions to OpenSSL_add_all_*() and include a #define from the old name to the new. The original intent was that statically linked binaries could for example just call SSLeay_add_all_ciphers() to just add ciphers to the table and not link with digests. This never worked because SSLeay_add_all_digests() and SSLeay_add_all_ciphers() were in the same source file so calling one would link with the other. They are now in separate source files.

  Steve Henson

• Add a new -notext option to 'ca' and a -pubkey option to 'spkac'.

  Steve Henson

• Use a less unusual form of the Miller-Rabin primality test (it used a binary algorithm for exponentiation integrated into the Miller-Rabin loop, our standard modexp algorithms are faster).

  Bodo Moeller

• Support for the EBCDIC character set completed.

  Martin Kraemer Martin.Kraemer@Mch.SNI.De

• Source code cleanups: use const where appropriate, eliminate casts, use void * instead of char * in lhash.

  Ulf Möller

• Bugfix: ssl3_send_server_key_exchange was not restartable (the state was not changed to SSL3_ST_SW_KEY_EXCH_B, and because of this the server could overwrite ephemeral keys that the client has already seen).

  Bodo Moeller

• Turn DSA_is_prime into a macro that calls BN_is_prime, using 50 iterations of the Rabin-Miller test.

  DSA_generate_parameters now uses BN_is_prime_fasttest (with 50 iterations of the Rabin-Miller test as required by the appendix to FIPS PUB 186[-1]) instead of DSA_is_prime. As BN_is_prime_fasttest includes trial division, DSA parameter generation becomes much faster.

  This implies a change for the callback functions in DSA_is_prime and DSA_generate_parameters: The callback function is called once for each positive witness in the Rabin-Miller test, not just occasionally in the inner loop; and the parameters to the callback function now provide an iteration count for the outer loop rather than for the current invocation of the inner loop. DSA_generate_parameters additionally can call the callback function with an 'iteration count' of -1, meaning that a candidate has passed the trial division test (when q is generated from an application-provided seed, trial division is skipped).

  Bodo Moeller

• New function BN_is_prime_fasttest that optionally does trial division before starting the Rabin-Miller test and has an additional BN_CTX * argument (whereas BN_is_prime always has to allocate at least one BN_CTX). 'callback(1, -1, cb_arg)' is called when a number has passed the trial division stage.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix for bug in CRL encoding. The validity dates weren't being handled as ASN1_TIME.

  Steve Henson

• New -pkcs12 option to CA.pl script to write out a PKCS#12 file.

  Steve Henson

• New function BN_pseudo_rand().

  Ulf Möller

• Clean up BN_mod_mul_montgomery(): replace the broken (and unreadable) bignum version of BN_from_montgomery() with the working code from SSLeay 0.9.0 (the word based version is faster anyway), and clean up the comments.

  Ulf Möller

• Avoid a race condition in s2_clnt.c (function get_server_hello) that made it impossible to use the same SSL_SESSION data structure in SSL2 clients in multiple threads.

  Bodo Moeller

• The return value of RAND_load_file() no longer counts bytes obtained by stat(). RAND_load_file(..., -1) is new and uses the complete file to seed the PRNG (previously an explicit byte count was required).

  Ulf Möller, Bodo Möller

• Clean up CRYPTO_EX_DATA functions, some of these didn't have prototypes used char * instead of void * and had casts all over the place.

  Steve Henson

• Make BN_generate_prime() return NULL on error if ret!=NULL.

  Ulf Möller

• Retain source code compatibility for BN_prime_checks macro: BN_is_prime(..., BN_prime_checks, ...) now uses BN_prime_checks_for_size to determine the appropriate number of Rabin-Miller iterations.

  Ulf Möller

• Diffie-Hellman uses "safe" primes: DH_check() return code renamed to DH_CHECK_P_NOT_SAFE_PRIME. (Check if this is true? OpenPGP calls them "strong".)

  Ulf Möller

• Merge the functionality of "dh" and "gendh" programs into a new program "dhparam". The old programs are retained for now but will handle DH keys (instead of parameters) in future.

  Steve Henson

• Make the ciphers, s_server and s_client programs check the return values when a new cipher list is set.

  Steve Henson

• Enhance the SSL/TLS cipher mechanism to correctly handle the TLS 56bit ciphers. Before when the 56bit ciphers were enabled the sorting was wrong.

  The syntax for the cipher sorting has been extended to support sorting by cipher-strength (using the strength_bits hard coded in the tables). The new command is @STRENGTH (see also doc/apps/ciphers.pod).

  Fix a bug in the cipher-command parser: when supplying a cipher command string with an "undefined" symbol (neither command nor alphanumeric A-Za-z0-9, ssl_set_cipher_list used to hang in an endless loop. Now an error is flagged.

  Due to the strength-sorting extension, the code of the ssl_create_cipher_list() function was completely rearranged. I hope that the readability was also increased :-)

  Lutz Jaenicke Lutz.Jaenicke@aet.TU-Cottbus.DE

• Minor change to 'x509' utility. The -CAcreateserial option now uses 1 for the first serial number and places 2 in the serial number file. This avoids problems when the root CA is created with serial number zero and the first user certificate has the same issuer name and serial number as the root CA.

  Steve Henson

• Fixes to X509_ATTRIBUTE utilities, change the 'req' program so it uses the new code. Add documentation for this stuff.

  Steve Henson

• Changes to X509_ATTRIBUTE utilities. These have been renamed from X509_*() to X509at_*() on the grounds that they don't handle X509 structures and behave in an analogous way to the X509v3 functions: they shouldn't be called directly but wrapper functions should be used instead.

  So we also now have some wrapper functions that call the X509at functions when passed certificate requests. (TO DO: similar things can be done with PKCS#7 signed and unsigned attributes, PKCS#12 attributes and a few other things. Some of these need some d2i or i2d and print functionality because they handle more complex structures.)

  Steve Henson

• Add missing #ifndefs that caused missing symbols when building libssl as a shared library without RSA. Use #ifndef NO_SSL2 instead of NO_RSA in ssl/s2*.c.

  Kris Kennaway kris@hub.freebsd.org, modified by Ulf Möller

• Precautions against using the PRNG uninitialized: RAND_bytes() now has a return value which indicates the quality of the random data (1 = ok, 0 = not seeded). Also an error is recorded on the thread's error queue. New function RAND_pseudo_bytes() generates output that is guaranteed to be unique but not unpredictable. RAND_add is like RAND_seed, but takes an extra argument for an entropy estimate (RAND_seed always assumes full entropy).

  Ulf Möller

• Do more iterations of Rabin-Miller probable prime test (specifically, 3 for 1024-bit primes, 6 for 512-bit primes, 12 for 256-bit primes instead of only 2 for all lengths; see BN_prime_checks_for_size definition in crypto/bn/bn_prime.c for the complete table). This guarantees a false-positive rate of at most 2^-80 for random input.

  Bodo Moeller

• Rewrite ssl3_read_n (ssl/s3_pkt.c) avoiding a couple of bugs.

  Bodo Moeller

• New function X509_CTX_rget_chain() (renamed to X509_CTX_get1_chain in the 0.9.5 release), this returns the chain from an X509_CTX structure with a dup of the stack and all the X509 reference counts upped: so the stack will exist after X509_CTX_cleanup() has been called. Modify pkcs12.c to use this.

  Also make SSL_SESSION_print() print out the verify return code.

  Steve Henson

• Add manpage for the pkcs12 command. Also change the default behaviour so MAC iteration counts are used unless the new -nomaciter option is used. This improves file security and only older versions of MSIE (4.0 for example) need it.

  Steve Henson

• Honor the no-xxx Configure options when creating .DEF files.

  Ulf Möller

• Add PKCS#10 attributes to field table: challengePassword, unstructuredName and unstructuredAddress. These are taken from draft PKCS#9 v2.0 but are compatible with v1.2 provided no international characters are used.

  More changes to X509_ATTRIBUTE code: allow the setting of types based on strings. Remove the 'loc' parameter when adding attributes because these will be a SET OF encoding which is sorted in ASN1 order.

  Steve Henson

• Initial changes to the 'req' utility to allow request generation automation. This will allow an application to just generate a template file containing all the field values and have req construct the request.

  Initial support for X509_ATTRIBUTE handling. Stacks of these are used all over the place including certificate requests and PKCS#7 structures. They are currently handled manually where necessary with some primitive wrappers for PKCS#7. The new functions behave in a manner analogous to the X509 extension functions: they allow attributes to be looked up by NID and added.

  Later something similar to the X509V3 code would be desirable to automatically handle the encoding, decoding and printing of the more complex types. The string types like challengePassword can be handled by the string table functions.

  Also modified the multi byte string table handling. Now there is a 'global mask' which masks out certain types. The table itself can use the flag STABLE_NO_MASK to ignore the mask setting: this is useful when for example there is only one permissible type (as in countryName) and using the mask might result in no valid types at all.

  Steve Henson

• Clean up 'Finished' handling, and add functions SSL_get_finished and SSL_get_peer_finished to allow applications to obtain the latest Finished messages sent to the peer or expected from the peer, respectively. (SSL_get_peer_finished is usually the Finished message actually received from the peer, otherwise the protocol will be aborted.)

  As the Finished message are message digests of the complete handshake (with a total of 192 bits for TLS 1.0 and more for SSL 3.0), they can be used for external authentication procedures when the authentication provided by SSL/TLS is not desired or is not enough.

  Bodo Moeller

• Enhanced support for Alpha Linux is added. Now ./config checks if the host supports BWX extension and if Compaq C is present on the $PATH. Just exploiting of the BWX extension results in 20-30% performance kick for some algorithms, e.g. DES and RC4 to mention a couple. Compaq C in turn generates ~20% faster code for MD5 and SHA1.

  Andy Polyakov

• Add support for MS "fast SGC". This is arguably a violation of the SSL3/TLS protocol. Netscape SGC does two handshakes: the first with weak crypto and after checking the certificate is SGC a second one with strong crypto. MS SGC stops the first handshake after receiving the server certificate message and sends a second client hello. Since a server will typically do all the time consuming operations before expecting any further messages from the client (server key exchange is the most expensive) there is little difference between the two.

  To get OpenSSL to support MS SGC we have to permit a second client hello message after we have sent server done. In addition we have to reset the MAC if we do get this second client hello.

  Steve Henson

• Add a function 'd2i_AutoPrivateKey()' this will automatically decide if a DER encoded private key is RSA or DSA traditional format. Changed d2i_PrivateKey_bio() to use it. This is only needed for the "traditional" format DER encoded private key. Newer code should use PKCS#8 format which has the key type encoded in the ASN1 structure. Added DER private key support to pkcs8 application.

  Steve Henson

• SSL 3/TLS 1 servers now don't request certificates when an anonymous ciphersuites has been selected (as required by the SSL 3/TLS 1 specifications). Exception: When SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT is set, we interpret this as a request to violate the specification (the worst that can happen is a handshake failure, and 'correct' behaviour would result in a handshake failure anyway).

  Bodo Moeller

• In SSL_CTX_add_session, take into account that there might be multiple SSL_SESSION structures with the same session ID (e.g. when two threads concurrently obtain them from an external cache). The internal cache can handle only one SSL_SESSION with a given ID, so if there's a conflict, we now throw out the old one to achieve consistency.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add OIDs for idea and blowfish in CBC mode. This will allow both to be used in PKCS#5 v2.0 and S/MIME. Also add checking to some routines that use cipher OIDs: some ciphers do not have OIDs defined and so they cannot be used for S/MIME and PKCS#5 v2.0 for example.

  Steve Henson

• Simplify the trust setting structure and code. Now we just have two sequences of OIDs for trusted and rejected settings. These will typically have values the same as the extended key usage extension and any application specific purposes.

  The trust checking code now has a default behaviour: it will just check for an object with the same NID as the passed id. Functions can be provided to override either the default behaviour or the behaviour for a given id. SSL client, server and email already have functions in place for compatibility: they check the NID and also return "trusted" if the certificate is self signed.

  Steve Henson

• Add d2i,i2d bio/fp functions for PrivateKey: these convert the traditional format into an EVP_PKEY structure.

  Steve Henson

• Add a password callback function PEM_cb() which either prompts for a password if usr_data is NULL or otherwise assumes it is a null terminated password. Allow passwords to be passed on command line environment or config files in a few more utilities.

  Steve Henson

• Add a bunch of DER and PEM functions to handle PKCS#8 format private keys. Add some short names for PKCS#8 PBE algorithms and allow them to be specified on the command line for the pkcs8 and pkcs12 utilities. Update documentation.

  Steve Henson

• Support for ASN1 "NULL" type. This could be handled before by using ASN1_TYPE but there wasn't any function that would try to read a NULL and produce an error if it couldn't. For compatibility we also have ASN1_NULL_new() and ASN1_NULL_free() functions but these are faked and don't allocate anything because they don't need to.

  Steve Henson

• Initial support for MacOS is now provided. Examine INSTALL.MacOS for details.

  Andy Polyakov, Roy Woods roy@centicsystems.ca

• Rebuild of the memory allocation routines used by OpenSSL code and possibly others as well. The purpose is to make an interface that provide hooks so anyone can build a separate set of allocation and deallocation routines to be used by OpenSSL, for example memory pool implementations, or something else, which was previously hard since Malloc(), Realloc() and Free() were defined as macros having the values malloc, realloc and free, respectively (except for Win32 compilations). The same is provided for memory debugging code. OpenSSL already comes with functionality to find memory leaks, but this gives people a chance to debug other memory problems.

  With these changes, a new set of functions and macros have appeared:

  CRYPTO_set_mem_debug_functions() [F] CRYPTO_get_mem_debug_functions() [F] CRYPTO_dbg_set_options() [F] CRYPTO_dbg_get_options() [F] CRYPTO_malloc_debug_init() [M]

  The memory debug functions are NULL by default, unless the library is compiled with CRYPTO_MDEBUG or friends is defined. If someone wants to debug memory anyway, CRYPTO_malloc_debug_init() (which gives the standard debugging functions that come with OpenSSL) or CRYPTO_set_mem_debug_functions() (tells OpenSSL to use functions provided by the library user) must be used. When the standard debugging functions are used, CRYPTO_dbg_set_options can be used to request additional information: CRYPTO_dbg_set_options(V_CYRPTO_MDEBUG_xxx) corresponds to setting the CRYPTO_MDEBUG_xxx macro when compiling the library.

  Also, things like CRYPTO_set_mem_functions will always give the expected result (the new set of functions is used for allocation and deallocation) at all times, regardless of platform and compiler options.

  To finish it up, some functions that were never use in any other way than through macros have a new API and new semantic:

  CRYPTO_dbg_malloc() CRYPTO_dbg_realloc() CRYPTO_dbg_free()

  All macros of value have retained their old syntax.

  Richard Levitte and Bodo Moeller

• Some S/MIME fixes. The OID for SMIMECapabilities was wrong, the ordering of SMIMECapabilities wasn't in "strength order" and there was a missing NULL in the AlgorithmIdentifier for the SHA1 signature algorithm.

  Steve Henson

• Some ASN1 types with illegal zero length encoding (INTEGER, ENUMERATED and OBJECT IDENTIFIER) choked the ASN1 routines.

  Frans Heymans fheymans@isaserver.be, modified by Steve Henson

• Merge in my S/MIME library for OpenSSL. This provides a simple S/MIME API on top of the PKCS#7 code, a MIME parser (with enough functionality to handle multipart/signed properly) and a utility called 'smime' to call all this stuff. This is based on code I originally wrote for Celo who have kindly allowed it to be included in OpenSSL.

  Steve Henson

• Add variants des_set_key_checked and des_set_key_unchecked of des_set_key (aka des_key_sched). Global variable des_check_key decides which of these is called by des_set_key; this way des_check_key behaves as it always did, but applications and the library itself, which was buggy for des_check_key == 1, have a cleaner way to pick the version they need.

  Bodo Moeller

• New function PKCS12_newpass() which changes the password of a PKCS12 structure.

  Steve Henson

• Modify X509_TRUST and X509_PURPOSE so it also uses a static and dynamic mix. In both cases the ids can be used as an index into the table. Also modified the X509_TRUST_add() and X509_PURPOSE_add() functions so they accept a list of the field values and the application doesn't need to directly manipulate the X509_TRUST structure.

  Steve Henson

• Modify the ASN1_STRING_TABLE stuff so it also uses bsearch and doesn't need initialising.

  Steve Henson

• Modify the way the V3 extension code looks up extensions. This now works in a similar way to the object code: we have some "standard" extensions in a static table which is searched with OBJ_bsearch() and the application can add dynamic ones if needed. The file crypto/x509v3/ext_dat.h now has the info: this file needs to be updated whenever a new extension is added to the core code and kept in ext_nid order. There is a simple program 'tabtest.c' which checks this. New extensions are not added too often so this file can readily be maintained manually.

  There are two big advantages in doing things this way. The extensions can be looked up immediately and no longer need to be "added" using X509V3_add_standard_extensions(): this function now does nothing. Side note: I get lots of email saying the extension code doesn't work because people forget to call this function. Also no dynamic allocation is done unless new extensions are added: so if we don't add custom extensions there is no need to call X509V3_EXT_cleanup().

  Steve Henson

• Modify enc utility's salting as follows: make salting the default. Add a magic header, so unsalted files fail gracefully instead of just decrypting to garbage. This is because not salting is a big security hole, so people should be discouraged from doing it.

  Ben Laurie

• Fixes and enhancements to the 'x509' utility. It allowed a message digest to be passed on the command line but it only used this parameter when signing a certificate. Modified so all relevant operations are affected by the digest parameter including the -fingerprint and -x509toreq options. Also -x509toreq choked if a DSA key was used because it didn't fix the digest.

  Steve Henson

• Initial certificate chain verify code. Currently tests the untrusted certificates for consistency with the verify purpose (which is set when the X509_STORE_CTX structure is set up) and checks the pathlength.

  There is a NO_CHAIN_VERIFY compilation option to keep the old behaviour: this is because it will reject chains with invalid extensions whereas every previous version of OpenSSL and SSLeay made no checks at all.

  Trust code: checks the root CA for the relevant trust settings. Trust settings have an initial value consistent with the verify purpose: e.g. if the verify purpose is for SSL client use it expects the CA to be trusted for SSL client use. However the default value can be changed to permit custom trust settings: one example of this would be to only trust certificates from a specific "secure" set of CAs.

  Also added X509_STORE_CTX_new() and X509_STORE_CTX_free() functions which should be used for version portability: especially since the verify structure is likely to change more often now.

  SSL integration. Add purpose and trust to SSL_CTX and SSL and functions to set them. If not set then assume SSL clients will verify SSL servers and vice versa.

  Two new options to the verify program: -untrusted allows a set of untrusted certificates to be passed in and -purpose which sets the intended purpose of the certificate. If a purpose is set then the new chain verify code is used to check extension consistency.

  Steve Henson

• Support for the authority information access extension.

  Steve Henson

• Modify RSA and DSA PEM read routines to transparently handle PKCS#8 format private keys. New PUBKEY functions that handle public keys in a format compatible with certificate SubjectPublicKeyInfo structures. Unfortunately there were already functions called PublicKey which used various odd formats so these are retained for compatibility: however the DSA variants were never in a public release so they have been deleted. Changed dsa/rsa utilities to handle the new format: note no releases ever handled public keys so we should be OK.

  The primary motivation for this change is to avoid the same fiasco that dogs private keys: there are several incompatible private key formats some of which are standard and some OpenSSL specific and require various evil hacks to allow partial transparent handling and even then it doesn't work with DER formats. Given the option anything other than PKCS#8 should be dumped: but the other formats have to stay in the name of compatibility.

  With public keys and the benefit of hindsight one standard format is used which works with EVP_PKEY, RSA or DSA structures: though it clearly returns an error if you try to read the wrong kind of key.

  Added a -pubkey option to the 'x509' utility to output the public key. Also rename the EVP_PKEY_get_*() to EVP_PKEY_rget_*() (renamed to EVP_PKEY_get1_*() in the OpenSSL 0.9.5 release) and add EVP_PKEY_rset_*() functions (renamed to EVP_PKEY_set1_*()) that do the same as the EVP_PKEY_assign_*() except they up the reference count of the added key (they don't "swallow" the supplied key).

  Steve Henson

• Fixes to crypto/x509/by_file.c the code to read in certificates and CRLs would fail if the file contained no certificates or no CRLs: added a new function to read in both types and return the number read: this means that if none are read it will be an error. The DER versions of the certificate and CRL reader would always fail because it isn't possible to mix certificates and CRLs in DER format without choking one or the other routine. Changed this to just read a certificate: this is the best we can do. Also modified the code in apps/verify.c to take notice of return codes: it was previously attempting to read in certificates from NULL pointers and ignoring any errors: this is one reason why the cert and CRL reader seemed to work. It doesn't check return codes from the default certificate routines: these may well fail if the certificates aren't installed.

  Steve Henson

• Code to support otherName option in GeneralName.

  Steve Henson

• First update to verify code. Change the verify utility so it warns if it is passed a self signed certificate: for consistency with the normal behaviour. X509_verify has been modified to it will now verify a self signed certificate if exactly the same certificate appears in the store: it was previously impossible to trust a single self signed certificate. This means that: openssl verify ss.pem now gives a warning about a self signed certificate but openssl verify -CAfile ss.pem ss.pem is OK.

  Steve Henson

• For servers, store verify_result in SSL_SESSION data structure (and add it to external session representation). This is needed when client certificate verifications fails, but an application-provided verification callback (set by SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback) allows accepting the session anyway (i.e. leaves x509_store_ctx->error != X509_V_OK but returns 1): When the session is reused, we have to set ssl->verify_result to the appropriate error code to avoid security holes.

  Bodo Moeller, problem pointed out by Lutz Jaenicke

• Fix a bug in the new PKCS#7 code: it didn't consider the case in PKCS7_dataInit() where the signed PKCS7 structure didn't contain any existing data because it was being created.

  Po-Cheng Chen pocheng@nst.com.tw, slightly modified by Steve Henson

• Add a salt to the key derivation routines in enc.c. This forms the first 8 bytes of the encrypted file. Also add a -S option to allow a salt to be input on the command line.

  Steve Henson

• New function X509_cmp(). Oddly enough there wasn't a function to compare two certificates. We do this by working out the SHA1 hash and comparing that. X509_cmp() will be needed by the trust code.

  Steve Henson

• SSL_get1_session() is like SSL_get_session(), but increments the reference count in the SSL_SESSION returned.

  Geoff Thorpe geoff@eu.c2.net

• Fix for 'req': it was adding a null to request attributes. Also change the X509_LOOKUP and X509_INFO code to handle certificate auxiliary information.

  Steve Henson

• Add support for 40 and 64 bit RC2 and RC4 algorithms: document the 'enc' command.

  Steve Henson

• Add the possibility to add extra information to the memory leak detecting output, to form tracebacks, showing from where each allocation was originated: CRYPTO_push_info("constant string") adds the string plus current file name and line number to a per-thread stack, CRYPTO_pop_info() does the obvious, CRYPTO_remove_all_info() is like calling CYRPTO_pop_info() until the stack is empty. Also updated memory leak detection code to be multi-thread-safe.

  Richard Levitte

• Add options -text and -noout to pkcs7 utility and delete the encryption options which never did anything. Update docs.

  Steve Henson

• Add options to some of the utilities to allow the pass phrase to be included on either the command line (not recommended on OSes like Unix) or read from the environment. Update the manpages and fix a few bugs.

  Steve Henson

• Add a few manpages for some of the openssl commands.

  Steve Henson

• Fix the -revoke option in ca. It was freeing up memory twice, leaking and not finding already revoked certificates.

  Steve Henson

• Extensive changes to support certificate auxiliary information. This involves the use of X509_CERT_AUX structure and X509_AUX functions. An X509_AUX function such as PEM_read_X509_AUX() can still read in a certificate file in the usual way but it will also read in any additional "auxiliary information". By doing things this way a fair degree of compatibility can be retained: existing certificates can have this information added using the new 'x509' options.

  Current auxiliary information includes an "alias" and some trust settings. The trust settings will ultimately be used in enhanced certificate chain verification routines: currently a certificate can only be trusted if it is self signed and then it is trusted for all purposes.

  Steve Henson

• Fix assembler for Alpha (tested only on DEC OSF not Linux or *BSD). The problem was that one of the replacement routines had not been working since SSLeay releases. For now the offending routine has been replaced with non-optimised assembler. Even so, this now gives around 95% performance improvement for 1024 bit RSA signs.

  Mark Cox

• Hack to fix PKCS#7 decryption when used with some unorthodox RC2 handling. Most clients have the effective key size in bits equal to the key length in bits: so a 40 bit RC2 key uses a 40 bit (5 byte) key. A few however don't do this and instead use the size of the decrypted key to determine the RC2 key length and the AlgorithmIdentifier to determine the effective key length. In this case the effective key length can still be 40 bits but the key length can be 168 bits for example. This is fixed by manually forcing an RC2 key into the EVP_PKEY structure because the EVP code can't currently handle unusual RC2 key sizes: it always assumes the key length and effective key length are equal.

  Steve Henson

• Add a bunch of functions that should simplify the creation of X509_NAME structures. Now you should be able to do: X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt(nm, "CN", MBSTRING_ASC, "Steve", -1, -1, 0); and have it automatically work out the correct field type and fill in the structures. The more adventurous can try: X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt(nm, field, MBSTRING_UTF8, str, -1, -1, 0); and it will (hopefully) work out the correct multibyte encoding.

  Steve Henson

• Change the 'req' utility to use the new field handling and multibyte copy routines. Before the DN field creation was handled in an ad hoc way in req, ca, and x509 which was rather broken and didn't support BMPStrings or UTF8Strings. Since some software doesn't implement BMPStrings or UTF8Strings yet, they can be enabled using the config file using the dirstring_type option. See the new comment in the default openssl.cnf for more info.

  Steve Henson

• Make crypto/rand/md_rand.c more robust:

  • Assure unique random numbers after fork().
  • Make sure that concurrent threads access the global counter and md serializably so that we never lose entropy in them or use exactly the same state in multiple threads. Access to the large state is not always serializable because the additional locking could be a performance killer, and md should be large enough anyway.

  Bodo Moeller

• New file apps/app_rand.c with commonly needed functionality for handling the random seed file.

  Use the random seed file in some applications that previously did not: ca, dsaparam -genkey (which also ignored its '-rand' option), s_client, s_server, x509 (when signing). Except on systems with /dev/urandom, it is crucial to have a random seed file at least for key creation, DSA signing, and for DH exchanges; for RSA signatures we could do without one.

  gendh and gendsa (unlike genrsa) used to read only the first byte of each file listed in the '-rand' option. The function as previously found in genrsa is now in app_rand.c and is used by all programs that support '-rand'.

  Bodo Moeller

• In RAND_write_file, use mode 0600 for creating files; don't just chmod when it may be too late.

  Bodo Moeller

• Report an error from X509_STORE_load_locations when X509_LOOKUP_load_file or X509_LOOKUP_add_dir failed.

  Bill Perry

• New function ASN1_mbstring_copy() this copies a string in either ASCII, Unicode, Universal (4 bytes per character) or UTF8 format into an ASN1_STRING type. A mask of permissible types is passed and it chooses the "minimal" type to use or an error if not type is suitable.

  Steve Henson

• Add function equivalents to the various macros in asn1.h. The old macros are retained with an M_ prefix. Code inside the library can use the M_ macros. External code (including the openssl utility) should NOT in order to be "shared library friendly".

  Steve Henson

• Add various functions that can check a certificate's extensions to see if it usable for various purposes such as SSL client, server or S/MIME and CAs of these types. This is currently VERY EXPERIMENTAL but will ultimately be used for certificate chain verification. Also added a -purpose flag to x509 utility to print out all the purposes.

  Steve Henson

• Add a CRYPTO_EX_DATA to X509 certificate structure and associated functions.

  Steve Henson

• New X509V3_{X509,CRL,REVOKED}_get_d2i() functions. These will search for, obtain and decode and extension and obtain its critical flag. This allows all the necessary extension code to be handled in a single function call.

  Steve Henson

• RC4 tune-up featuring 30-40% performance improvement on most RISC platforms. See crypto/rc4/rc4_enc.c for further details.

  Andy Polyakov

• New -noout option to asn1parse. This causes no output to be produced its main use is when combined with -strparse and -out to extract data from a file (which may not be in ASN.1 format).

  Steve Henson

• Fix for pkcs12 program. It was hashing an invalid certificate pointer when producing the local key id.

  Richard Levitte levitte@stacken.kth.se

• New option -dhparam in s_server. This allows a DH parameter file to be stated explicitly. If it is not stated then it tries the first server certificate file. The previous behaviour hard coded the filename "server.pem".

  Steve Henson

• Add -pubin and -pubout options to the rsa and dsa commands. These allow a public key to be input or output. For example: openssl rsa -in key.pem -pubout -out pubkey.pem Also added necessary DSA public key functions to handle this.

  Steve Henson

• Fix so PKCS7_dataVerify() doesn't crash if no certificates are contained in the message. This was handled by allowing X509_find_by_issuer_and_serial() to tolerate a NULL passed to it.

  Steve Henson, reported by Sampo Kellomaki sampo@mail.neuronio.pt

• Fix for bug in d2i_ASN1_bytes(): other ASN1 functions add an extra null to the end of the strings whereas this didn't. This would cause problems if strings read with d2i_ASN1_bytes() were later modified.

  Steve Henson, reported by Arne Ansper arne@ats.cyber.ee

• Fix for base64 decode bug. When a base64 bio reads only one line of data and it contains EOF it will end up returning an error. This is caused by input 46 bytes long. The cause is due to the way base64 BIOs find the start of base64 encoded data. They do this by trying a trial decode on each line until they find one that works. When they do a flag is set and it starts again knowing it can pass all the data directly through the decoder. Unfortunately it doesn't reset the context it uses. This means that if EOF is reached an attempt is made to pass two EOFs through the context and this causes the resulting error. This can also cause other problems as well. As is usual with these problems it takes ages to find and the fix is trivial: move one line.

  Steve Henson, reported by ian@uns.ns.ac.yu (Ivan Nejgebauer)

• Ugly workaround to get s_client and s_server working under Windows. The old code wouldn't work because it needed to select() on sockets and the tty (for keypresses and to see if data could be written). Win32 only supports select() on sockets so we select() with a 1s timeout on the sockets and then see if any characters are waiting to be read, if none are present then we retry, we also assume we can always write data to the tty. This isn't nice because the code then blocks until we've received a complete line of data and it is effectively polling the keyboard at 1s intervals: however it's quite a bit better than not working at all :-) A dedicated Windows application might handle this with an event loop for example.

  Steve Henson

• Enhance RSA_METHOD structure. Now there are two extra methods, rsa_sign and rsa_verify. When the RSA_FLAGS_SIGN_VER option is set these functions will be called when RSA_sign() and RSA_verify() are used. This is useful if rsa_pub_dec() and rsa_priv_enc() equivalents are not available. For this to work properly RSA_public_decrypt() and RSA_private_encrypt() should not be used: RSA_sign() and RSA_verify() must be used instead. This necessitated the support of an extra signature type NID_md5_sha1 for SSL signatures and modifications to the SSL library to use it instead of calling RSA_public_decrypt() and RSA_private_encrypt().

  Steve Henson

• Add new -verify -CAfile and -CApath options to the crl program, these will lookup a CRL issuers certificate and verify the signature in a similar way to the verify program. Tidy up the crl program so it no longer accesses structures directly. Make the ASN1 CRL parsing a bit less strict. It will now permit CRL extensions even if it is not a V2 CRL: this will allow it to tolerate some broken CRLs.

  Steve Henson

• Initialize all non-automatic variables each time one of the openssl sub-programs is started (this is necessary as they may be started multiple times from the "OpenSSL>" prompt).

  Lennart Bang, Bodo Moeller

• Preliminary compilation option RSA_NULL which disables RSA crypto without removing all other RSA functionality (this is what NO_RSA does). This is so (for example) those in the US can disable those operations covered by the RSA patent while allowing storage and parsing of RSA keys and RSA key generation.

  Steve Henson

• Non-copying interface to BIO pairs. (still largely untested)

  Bodo Moeller

• New function ASN1_tag2str() to convert an ASN1 tag to a descriptive ASCII string. This was handled independently in various places before.

  Steve Henson

• New functions UTF8_getc() and UTF8_putc() that parse and generate UTF8 strings a character at a time.

  Steve Henson

• Use client_version from client hello to select the protocol (s23_srvr.c) and for RSA client key exchange verification (s3_srvr.c), as required by the SSL 3.0/TLS 1.0 specifications.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add various utility functions to handle SPKACs, these were previously handled by poking round in the structure internals. Added new function NETSCAPE_SPKI_print() to print out SPKAC and a new utility 'spkac' to print, verify and generate SPKACs. Based on an original idea from Massimiliano Pala madwolf@comune.modena.it but extensively modified.

  Steve Henson

• RIPEMD160 is operational on all platforms and is back in 'make test'.

  Andy Polyakov

• Allow the config file extension section to be overwritten on the command line. Based on an original idea from Massimiliano Pala madwolf@comune.modena.it. The new option is called -extensions and can be applied to ca, req and x509. Also -reqexts to override the request extensions in req and -crlexts to override the crl extensions in ca.

  Steve Henson

• Add new feature to the SPKAC handling in ca. Now you can include the same field multiple times by preceding it by "XXXX." for example: 1.OU="Unit name 1" 2.OU="Unit name 2" this is the same syntax as used in the req config file.

  Steve Henson

• Allow certificate extensions to be added to certificate requests. These are specified in a 'req_extensions' option of the req section of the config file. They can be printed out with the -text option to req but are otherwise ignored at present.

  Steve Henson

• Fix a horrible bug in enc_read() in crypto/evp/bio_enc.c: if the first data read consists of only the final block it would not decrypted because EVP_CipherUpdate() would correctly report zero bytes had been decrypted. A misplaced 'break' also meant the decrypted final block might not be copied until the next read.

  Steve Henson

• Initial support for DH_METHOD. Again based on RSA_METHOD. Also added a few extra parameters to the DH structure: these will be useful if for example we want the value of 'q' or implement X9.42 DH.

  Steve Henson

• Initial support for DSA_METHOD. This is based on the RSA_METHOD and provides hooks that allow the default DSA functions or functions on a "per key" basis to be replaced. This allows hardware acceleration and hardware key storage to be handled without major modification to the library. Also added low-level modexp hooks and CRYPTO_EX structure and associated functions.

  Steve Henson

• Add a new flag to memory BIOs, BIO_FLAG_MEM_RDONLY. This marks the BIO as "read only": it can't be written to and the buffer it points to will not be freed. Reading from a read only BIO is much more efficient than a normal memory BIO. This was added because there are several times when an area of memory needs to be read from a BIO. The previous method was to create a memory BIO and write the data to it, this results in two copies of the data and an O(n^2) reading algorithm. There is a new function BIO_new_mem_buf() which creates a read only memory BIO from an area of memory. Also modified the PKCS#7 routines to use read only memory BIOs.

  Steve Henson

• Bugfix: ssl23_get_client_hello did not work properly when called in state SSL23_ST_SR_CLNT_HELLO_B, i.e. when the first 7 bytes of a SSLv2-compatible client hello for SSLv3 or TLSv1 could be read, but a retry condition occurred while trying to read the rest.

  Bodo Moeller

• The PKCS7_ENC_CONTENT_new() function was setting the content type as NID_pkcs7_encrypted by default: this was wrong since this should almost always be NID_pkcs7_data. Also modified the PKCS7_set_type() to handle the encrypted data type: this is a more sensible place to put it and it allows the PKCS#12 code to be tidied up that duplicated this functionality.

  Steve Henson

• Changed obj_dat.pl script so it takes its input and output files on the command line. This should avoid shell escape redirection problems under Win32.

  Steve Henson

• Initial support for certificate extension requests, these are included in things like Xenroll certificate requests. Included functions to allow extensions to be obtained and added.

  Steve Henson

• -crlf option to s_client and s_server for sending newlines as CRLF (as required by many protocols).

  Bodo Moeller

Changes between 0.9.3a and 0.9.4 [09 Aug 1999]

• Install libRSAglue.a when OpenSSL is built with RSAref.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• A few more #ifndef NO_FP_API / #endif pairs for consistency.

  Andrija Antonijevic TheAntony2@bigfoot.com

• Fix -startdate and -enddate (which was missing) arguments to 'ca' program.

  Steve Henson

• New function DSA_dup_DH, which duplicates DSA parameters/keys as DH parameters/keys (q is lost during that conversion, but the resulting DH parameters contain its length).

  For 1024-bit p, DSA_generate_parameters followed by DSA_dup_DH is much faster than DH_generate_parameters (which creates parameters where p = 2*q + 1), and also the smaller q makes DH computations much more efficient (160-bit exponentiation instead of 1024-bit exponentiation); so this provides a convenient way to support DHE ciphersuites in SSL/TLS servers (see ssl/ssltest.c). It is of utter importance to use SSL_CTX_set_options(s_ctx, SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE); or SSL_set_options(s_ctx, SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE); when such DH parameters are used, because otherwise small subgroup attacks may become possible!

  Bodo Moeller

• Avoid memory leak in i2d_DHparams.

  Bodo Moeller

• Allow the -k option to be used more than once in the enc program: this allows the same encrypted message to be read by multiple recipients.

  Steve Henson

• New function OBJ_obj2txt(buf, buf_len, a, no_name), this converts an ASN1_OBJECT to a text string. If the "no_name" parameter is set then it will always use the numerical form of the OID, even if it has a short or long name.

  Steve Henson

• Added an extra RSA flag: RSA_FLAG_EXT_PKEY. Previously the rsa_mod_exp method only got called if p,q,dmp1,dmq1,iqmp components were present, otherwise bn_mod_exp was called. In the case of hardware keys for example no private key components need be present and it might store extra data in the RSA structure, which cannot be accessed from bn_mod_exp. By setting RSA_FLAG_EXT_PKEY rsa_mod_exp will always be called for private key operations.

  Steve Henson

• Added support for SPARC Linux.

  Andy Polyakov

• pem_password_cb function type incompatibly changed from typedef int pem_password_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag); to ....(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *userdata); so that applications can pass data to their callbacks: The PEM[_ASN1]_{read,write}... functions and macros now take an additional void * argument, which is just handed through whenever the password callback is called.

  Damien Miller dmiller@ilogic.com.au; tiny changes by Bodo Moeller

  New function SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata.

  Compatibility note: As many C implementations push function arguments onto the stack in reverse order, the new library version is likely to interoperate with programs that have been compiled with the old pem_password_cb definition (PEM_whatever takes some data that happens to be on the stack as its last argument, and the callback just ignores this garbage); but there is no guarantee whatsoever that this will work.

• The -DPLATFORM=""$(PLATFORM)"" definition and the similar -DCFLAGS=... (both in crypto/Makefile.ssl for use by crypto/cversion.c) caused problems not only on Windows, but also on some Unix platforms. To avoid problematic command lines, these definitions are now in an auto-generated file crypto/buildinf.h (created by crypto/Makefile.ssl for standard "make" builds, by util/mk1mf.pl for "mk1mf" builds).

  Bodo Moeller

• MIPS III/IV assembler module is reimplemented.

  Andy Polyakov

• More DES library cleanups: remove references to srand/rand and delete an unused file.

  Ulf Möller

• Add support for the free Netwide assembler (NASM) under Win32, since not many people have MASM (ml) and it can be hard to obtain. This is currently experimental but it seems to work OK and pass all the tests. Check out INSTALL.W32 for info.

  Steve Henson

• Fix memory leaks in s3_clnt.c: All non-anonymous SSL3/TLS1 connections without temporary keys kept an extra copy of the server key, and connections with temporary keys did not free everything in case of an error.

  Bodo Moeller

• New function RSA_check_key and new openssl rsa option -check for verifying the consistency of RSA keys.

  Ulf Moeller, Bodo Moeller

• Various changes to make Win32 compile work:

  1. Casts to avoid "loss of data" warnings in p5_crpt2.c
  2. Change unsigned int to int in b_dump.c to avoid "signed/unsigned comparison" warnings.
  3. Add sk_<TYPE>_sort to DEF file generator and do make update.

  Steve Henson

• Add a debugging option to PKCS#5 v2 key generation function: when you #define DEBUG_PKCS5V2 passwords, salts, iteration counts and derived keys are printed to stderr.

  Steve Henson

• Copy the flags in ASN1_STRING_dup().

  Roman E. Pavlov pre@mo.msk.ru

• The x509 application mishandled signing requests containing DSA keys when the signing key was also DSA and the parameters didn't match.

  It was supposed to omit the parameters when they matched the signing key: the verifying software was then supposed to automatically use the CA's parameters if they were absent from the end user certificate.

  Omitting parameters is no longer recommended. The test was also the wrong way round! This was probably due to unusual behaviour in EVP_cmp_parameters() which returns 1 if the parameters match. This meant that parameters were omitted when they didn't match and the certificate was useless. Certificates signed with 'ca' didn't have this bug.

  Steve Henson, reported by Doug Erickson Doug.Erickson@Part.NET

• Memory leak checking (-DCRYPTO_MDEBUG) had some problems. The interface is as follows: Applications can use CRYPTO_mem_ctrl(CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_ON) aka MemCheck_start(), CRYPTO_mem_ctrl(CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_OFF) aka MemCheck_stop(); "off" is now the default. The library internally uses CRYPTO_mem_ctrl(CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_DISABLE) aka MemCheck_off(), CRYPTO_mem_ctrl(CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_ENABLE) aka MemCheck_on() to disable memory-checking temporarily.

  Some inconsistent states that previously were possible (and were even the default) are now avoided.

  -DCRYPTO_MDEBUG_TIME is new and additionally stores the current time with each memory chunk allocated; this is occasionally more helpful than just having a counter.

  -DCRYPTO_MDEBUG_THREAD is also new and adds the thread ID.

  -DCRYPTO_MDEBUG_ALL enables all of the above, plus any future extensions.

  Bodo Moeller

• Introduce "mode" for SSL structures (with defaults in SSL_CTX), which largely parallels "options", but is for changing API behaviour, whereas "options" are about protocol behaviour. Initial "mode" flags are:

  SSL_MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE Allow SSL_write to report success when a single record has been written. SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER Don't insist that SSL_write retries use the same buffer location. (But all of the contents must be copied!)

  Bodo Moeller

• Bugfix: SSL_set_options ignored its parameter, only SSL_CTX_set_options worked.

• Fix problems with no-hmac etc.

  Ulf Möller, pointed out by Brian Wellington bwelling@tislabs.com

• New functions RSA_get_default_method(), RSA_set_method() and RSA_get_method(). These allows replacement of RSA_METHODs without having to mess around with the internals of an RSA structure.

  Steve Henson

• Fix memory leaks in DSA_do_sign and DSA_is_prime. Also really enable memory leak checks in openssl.c and in some test programs.

  Chad C. Mulligan, Bodo Moeller

• Fix a bug in d2i_ASN1_INTEGER() and i2d_ASN1_INTEGER() which can mess up the length of negative integers. This has now been simplified to just store the length when it is first determined and use it later, rather than trying to keep track of where data is copied and updating it to point to the end. Steve Henson, reported by Brien Wheeler bwheeler@authentica-security.com

• Add a new function PKCS7_signatureVerify. This allows the verification of a PKCS#7 signature but with the signing certificate passed to the function itself. This contrasts with PKCS7_dataVerify which assumes the certificate is present in the PKCS#7 structure. This isn't always the case: certificates can be omitted from a PKCS#7 structure and be distributed by "out of band" means (such as a certificate database).

  Steve Henson

• Complete the PEM_* macros with DECLARE_PEM versions to replace the function prototypes in pem.h, also change util/mkdef.pl to add the necessary function names.

  Steve Henson

• mk1mf.pl (used by Windows builds) did not properly read the options set by Configure in the top level Makefile, and Configure was not even able to write more than one option correctly. Fixed, now "no-idea no-rc5 -DCRYPTO_MDEBUG" etc. works as intended.

  Bodo Moeller

• New functions CONF_load_bio() and CONF_load_fp() to allow a config file to be loaded from a BIO or FILE pointer. The BIO version will for example allow memory BIOs to contain config info.

  Steve Henson

• New function "CRYPTO_num_locks" that returns CRYPTO_NUM_LOCKS. Whoever hopes to achieve shared-library compatibility across versions must use this, not the compile-time macro. (Exercise 0.9.4: Which is the minimum library version required by such programs?) Note: All this applies only to multi-threaded programs, others don't need locks.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add missing case to s3_clnt.c state machine -- one of the new SSL tests through a BIO pair triggered the default case, i.e. SSLerr(...,SSL_R_UNKNOWN_STATE).

  Bodo Moeller

• New "BIO pair" concept (crypto/bio/bss_bio.c) so that applications can use the SSL library even if none of the specific BIOs is appropriate.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix a bug in i2d_DSAPublicKey() which meant it returned the wrong value for the encoded length.

  Jeon KyoungHo khjeon@sds.samsung.co.kr

• Add initial documentation of the X509V3 functions.

  Steve Henson

• Add a new pair of functions PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey() and PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey() that are equivalent to PEM_write_PrivateKey() and PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey() but use the more secure PKCS#8 private key format with a high iteration count.

  Steve Henson

• Fix determination of Perl interpreter: A perl or perl5 directory in $PATH was also accepted as the interpreter.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Fix demos/sign/sign.c: well there wasn't anything strictly speaking wrong with it but it was very old and did things like calling PEM_ASN1_read() directly and used MD5 for the hash not to mention some unusual formatting.

  Steve Henson

• Fix demos/selfsign.c: it used obsolete and deleted functions, changed to use the new extension code.

  Steve Henson

• Implement the PEM_read/PEM_write functions in crypto/pem/pem_all.c with macros. This should make it easier to change their form, add extra arguments etc. Fix a few PEM prototypes which didn't have cipher as a constant.

  Steve Henson

• Add to configuration table a new entry that can specify an alternative name for unistd.h (for pre-POSIX systems); we need this for NeXTstep, according to Mark Crispin MRC@Panda.COM.

  Bodo Moeller

• DES CBC did not update the IV. Weird.

  Ben Laurie lse des_cbc_encrypt does not update the IV, but des_ncbc_encrypt does. Changing the behaviour of the former might break existing programs -- where IV updating is needed, des_ncbc_encrypt can be used. ndif

• When bntest is run from "make test" it drives bc to check its calculations, as well as internally checking them. If an internal check fails, it needs to cause bc to give a non-zero result or make test carries on without noticing the failure. Fixed.

  Ben Laurie

• DES library cleanups.

  Ulf Möller

• Add support for PKCS#5 v2.0 PBE algorithms. This will permit PKCS#8 to be used with any cipher unlike PKCS#5 v1.5 which can at most handle 64 bit ciphers. NOTE: although the key derivation function has been verified against some published test vectors it has not been extensively tested yet. Added a -v2 "cipher" option to pkcs8 application to allow the use of v2.0.

  Steve Henson

• Instead of "mkdir -p", which is not fully portable, use new Perl script "util/mkdir-p.pl".

  Bodo Moeller

• Rewrite the way password based encryption (PBE) is handled. It used to assume that the ASN1 AlgorithmIdentifier parameter was a PBEParameter structure. This was true for the PKCS#5 v1.5 and PKCS#12 PBE algorithms but doesn't apply to PKCS#5 v2.0 where it can be something else. Now the 'parameter' field of the AlgorithmIdentifier is passed to the underlying key generation function so it must do its own ASN1 parsing. This has also changed the EVP_PBE_CipherInit() function which now has a 'parameter' argument instead of literal salt and iteration count values and the function EVP_PBE_ALGOR_CipherInit() has been deleted.

  Steve Henson

• Support for PKCS#5 v1.5 compatible password based encryption algorithms and PKCS#8 functionality. New 'pkcs8' application linked to openssl. Needed to change the PEM_STRING_EVP_PKEY value which was just "PRIVATE KEY" because this clashed with PKCS#8 unencrypted string. Since this value was just used as a "magic string" and not used directly its value doesn't matter.

  Steve Henson

• Introduce some semblance of const correctness to BN. Shame C doesn't support mutable.

  Ben Laurie

• "linux-sparc64" configuration (ultrapenguin).

  Ray Miller ray.miller@oucs.ox.ac.uk "linux-sparc" configuration.

  Christian Forster fo@hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de

• config now generates no-xxx options for missing ciphers.

  Ulf Möller

• Support the EBCDIC character set (work in progress). File ebcdic.c not yet included because it has a different license.

  Martin Kraemer Martin.Kraemer@MchP.Siemens.De

• Support BS2000/OSD-POSIX.

  Martin Kraemer Martin.Kraemer@MchP.Siemens.De

• Make callbacks for key generation use void * instead of char *.

  Ben Laurie

• Make S/MIME samples compile (not yet tested).

  Ben Laurie

• Additional typesafe stacks.

  Ben Laurie

• New configuration variants "bsdi-elf-gcc" (BSD/OS 4.x).

  Bodo Moeller

Changes between 0.9.3 and 0.9.3a [29 May 1999]

• New configuration variant "sco5-gcc".

• Updated some demos.

  Sean O Riordain, Wade Scholine

• Add missing BIO_free at exit of pkcs12 application.

  Wu Zhigang

• Fix memory leak in conf.c.

  Steve Henson

• Updates for Win32 to assembler version of MD5.

  Steve Henson

• Set #! path to perl in apps/der_chop to where we found it instead of using a fixed path.

  Bodo Moeller

• SHA library changes for irix64-mips4-cc.

  Andy Polyakov

• Improvements for VMS support.

  Richard Levitte

Changes between 0.9.2b and 0.9.3 [24 May 1999]

• Bignum library bug fix. IRIX 6 passes "make test" now! This also avoids the problems with SC4.2 and unpatched SC5.

  Andy Polyakov appro@fy.chalmers.se

• New functions sk_num, sk_value and sk_set to replace the previous macros. These are required because of the typesafe stack would otherwise break existing code. If old code used a structure member which used to be STACK and is now STACK_OF (for example cert in a PKCS7_SIGNED structure) with sk_num or sk_value it would produce an error because the num, data members are not present in STACK_OF. Now it just produces a warning. sk_set replaces the old method of assigning a value to sk_value (e.g. sk_value(x, i) = y) which the library used in a few cases. Any code that does this will no longer work (and should use sk_set instead) but this could be regarded as a "questionable" behaviour anyway.

  Steve Henson

• Fix most of the other PKCS#7 bugs. The "experimental" code can now correctly handle encrypted S/MIME data.

  Steve Henson

• Change type of various DES function arguments from des_cblock (which means, in function argument declarations, pointer to char) to des_cblock * (meaning pointer to array with 8 char elements), which allows the compiler to do more typechecking; it was like that back in SSLeay, but with lots of ugly casts.

  Introduce new type const_des_cblock.

  Bodo Moeller

• Reorganise the PKCS#7 library and get rid of some of the more obvious problems: find RecipientInfo structure that matches recipient certificate and initialise the ASN1 structures properly based on passed cipher.

  Steve Henson

• Belatedly make the BN tests actually check the results.

  Ben Laurie

• Fix the encoding and decoding of negative ASN1 INTEGERS and conversion to and from BNs: it was completely broken. New compilation option NEG_PUBKEY_BUG to allow for some broken certificates that encode public key elements as negative integers.

  Steve Henson

• Reorganize and speed up MD5.

  Andy Polyakov appro@fy.chalmers.se

• VMS support.

  Richard Levitte richard@levitte.org

• New option -out to asn1parse to allow the parsed structure to be output to a file. This is most useful when combined with the -strparse option to examine the output of things like OCTET STRINGS.

  Steve Henson

• Make SSL library a little more fool-proof by not requiring any longer that SSL_set_{accept,connect}_state be called before SSL_{accept,connect} may be used (SSL_set_..._state is omitted in many applications because usually everything appeared to work as intended anyway -- now it really works as intended).

  Bodo Moeller

• Move openssl.cnf out of lib/.

  Ulf Möller

• Fix various things to let OpenSSL even pass "egcc -pipe -O2 -Wall -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-align -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wnested-externs -Winline" with EGCS 1.1.2+

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Various fixes to the EVP and PKCS#7 code. It may now be able to handle PKCS#7 enveloped data properly.

  Sebastian Akerman sak@parallelconsulting.com, modified by Steve

• Create a duplicate of the SSL_CTX's CERT in SSL_new instead of copying pointers. The cert_st handling is changed by this in various ways (and thus what used to be known as ctx->default_cert is now called ctx->cert, since we don't resort to s->ctx->[default_]cert any longer when s->cert does not give us what we need). ssl_cert_instantiate becomes obsolete by this change. As soon as we've got the new code right (possibly it already is?), we have solved a couple of bugs of the earlier code where s->cert was used as if it could not have been shared with other SSL structures.

  Note that using the SSL API in certain dirty ways now will result in different behaviour than observed with earlier library versions: Changing settings for an SSL_CTX *ctx after having done s = SSL_new(ctx) does not influence s as it used to.

  In order to clean up things more thoroughly, inside SSL_SESSION we don't use CERT any longer, but a new structure SESS_CERT that holds per-session data (if available); currently, this is the peer's certificate chain and, for clients, the server's certificate and temporary key. CERT holds only those values that can have meaningful defaults in an SSL_CTX.

  Bodo Moeller

• New function X509V3_EXT_i2d() to create an X509_EXTENSION structure from the internal representation. Various PKCS#7 fixes: remove some evil casts and set the enc_dig_alg field properly based on the signing key type.

  Steve Henson

• Allow PKCS#12 password to be set from the command line or the environment. Let 'ca' get its config file name from the environment variables "OPENSSL_CONF" or "SSLEAY_CONF" (for consistency with 'req' and 'x509').

  Steve Henson

• Allow certificate policies extension to use an IA5STRING for the organization field. This is contrary to the PKIX definition but VeriSign uses it and IE5 only recognises this form. Document 'x509' extension option.

  Steve Henson

• Add PEDANTIC compiler flag to allow compilation with gcc -pedantic, without disallowing inline assembler and the like for non-pedantic builds.

  Ben Laurie

• Support Borland C++ builder.

  Janez Jere jj@void.si, modified by Ulf Möller

• Support Mingw32.

  Ulf Möller

• SHA-1 cleanups and performance enhancements.

  Andy Polyakov appro@fy.chalmers.se

• Sparc v8plus assembler for the bignum library.

  Andy Polyakov appro@fy.chalmers.se

• Accept any -xxx and +xxx compiler options in Configure.

  Ulf Möller

• Update HPUX configuration.

  Anonymous

• Add missing sk_<type>_unshift() function to safestack.h

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• New function SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file that sets the "extra_cert"s in addition to the certificate. (This makes sense only for "PEM" format files, as chains as a whole are not DER-encoded.)

  Bodo Moeller

• Support verify_depth from the SSL API. x509_vfy.c had what can be considered an off-by-one-error: Its depth (which was not part of the external interface) was actually counting the number of certificates in a chain; now it really counts the depth.

  Bodo Moeller

• Bugfix in crypto/x509/x509_cmp.c: The SSLerr macro was used instead of X509err, which often resulted in confusing error messages since the error codes are not globally unique (e.g. an alleged error in ssl3_accept when a certificate didn't match the private key).

• New function SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context that allows to set a default value (so that you don't need SSL_set_session_id_context for each connection using the SSL_CTX).

  Bodo Moeller

• OAEP decoding bug fix.

  Ulf Möller

• Support INSTALL_PREFIX for package builders, as proposed by David Harris.

  Bodo Moeller

• New Configure options "threads" and "no-threads". For systems where the proper compiler options are known (currently Solaris and Linux), "threads" is the default.

  Bodo Moeller

• New script util/mklink.pl as a faster substitute for util/mklink.sh.

  Bodo Moeller

• Install various scripts to $(OPENSSLDIR)/misc, not to $(INSTALLTOP)/bin -- they shouldn't clutter directories such as /usr/local/bin.

  Bodo Moeller

• "make linux-shared" to build shared libraries.

  Niels Poppe niels@netbox.org

• New Configure option no-<cipher> (rsa, idea, rc5, ...).

  Ulf Möller

• Add the PKCS#12 API documentation to openssl.txt. Preliminary support for extension adding in x509 utility.

  Steve Henson

• Remove NOPROTO sections and error code comments.

  Ulf Möller

• Partial rewrite of the DEF file generator to now parse the ANSI prototypes.

  Steve Henson

• New Configure options --prefix=DIR and --openssldir=DIR.

  Ulf Möller

• Complete rewrite of the error code script(s). It is all now handled by one script at the top level which handles error code gathering, header rewriting and C source file generation. It should be much better than the old method: it now uses a modified version of Ulf's parser to read the ANSI prototypes in all header files (thus the old K&R definitions aren't needed for error creation any more) and do a better job of translating function codes into names. The old 'ASN1 error code embedded in a comment' is no longer necessary and it doesn't use .err files which have now been deleted. Also the error code call doesn't have to appear all on one line (which resulted in some large lines...).

  Steve Henson

• Change #include filenames from <foo.h> to <openssl/foo.h>.

  Bodo Moeller

• Change behaviour of ssl2_read when facing length-0 packets: Don't return 0 (which usually indicates a closed connection), but continue reading.

  Bodo Moeller

• Fix some race conditions.

  Bodo Moeller

• Add support for CRL distribution points extension. Add Certificate Policies and CRL distribution points documentation.

  Steve Henson

• Move the autogenerated header file parts to crypto/opensslconf.h.

  Ulf Möller

• Fix new 56-bit DES export ciphersuites: they were using 7 bytes instead of 8 of keying material. Merlin has also confirmed interop with this fix between OpenSSL and Baltimore C/SSL 2.0 and J/SSL 2.0.

  Merlin Hughes merlin@baltimore.ie

• Fix lots of warnings.

  Richard Levitte levitte@stacken.kth.se

• In add_cert_dir() in crypto/x509/by_dir.c, break out of the loop if the directory spec didn't end with a LIST_SEPARATOR_CHAR.

  Richard Levitte levitte@stacken.kth.se

• Fix problems with sizeof(long) == 8.

  Andy Polyakov appro@fy.chalmers.se

• Change functions to ANSI C.

  Ulf Möller

• Fix typos in error codes.

  Martin Kraemer Martin.Kraemer@MchP.Siemens.De, Ulf Möller

• Remove defunct assembler files from Configure.

  Ulf Möller

• SPARC v8 assembler BIGNUM implementation.

  Andy Polyakov appro@fy.chalmers.se

• Support for Certificate Policies extension: both print and set. Various additions to support the r2i method this uses.

  Steve Henson

• A lot of constification, and fix a bug in X509_NAME_oneline() that could return a const string when you are expecting an allocated buffer.

  Ben Laurie

• Add support for ASN1 types UTF8String and VISIBLESTRING, also the CHOICE types DirectoryString and DisplayText.

  Steve Henson

• Add code to allow r2i extensions to access the configuration database, add an LHASH database driver and add several ctx helper functions.

  Steve Henson

• Fix an evil bug in bn_expand2() which caused various BN functions to fail when they extended the size of a BIGNUM.

  Steve Henson

• Various utility functions to handle SXNet extension. Modify mkdef.pl to support typesafe stack.

  Steve Henson

• Fix typo in SSL_[gs]et_options().

  Nils Frostberg nils@medcom.se

• Delete various functions and files that belonged to the (now obsolete) old X509V3 handling code.

  Steve Henson

• New Configure option "rsaref".

  Ulf Möller

• Don't auto-generate pem.h.

  Bodo Moeller

• Introduce type-safe ASN.1 SETs.

  Ben Laurie

• Convert various additional casted stacks to type-safe STACK_OF() variants.

  Ben Laurie, Ralf S. Engelschall, Steve Henson

• Introduce type-safe STACKs. This will almost certainly break lots of code that links with OpenSSL (well at least cause lots of warnings), but fear not: the conversion is trivial, and it eliminates loads of evil casts. A few STACKed things have been converted already. Feel free to convert more. In the fullness of time, I'll do away with the STACK type altogether.

  Ben Laurie

• Add openssl ca -revoke <certfile> facility which revokes a certificate specified in <certfile> by updating the entry in the index.txt file. This way one no longer has to edit the index.txt file manually for revoking a certificate. The -revoke option does the gory details now.

  Massimiliano Pala madwolf@openca.org, Ralf S. Engelschall

• Fix openssl crl -noout -text combination where -noout killed the -text option at all and this way the -noout -text combination was inconsistent in openssl crl with the friends in openssl x509|rsa|dsa.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Make sure a corresponding plain text error message exists for the X509_V_ERR_CERT_REVOKED/23 error number which can occur when a verify callback function determined that a certificate was revoked.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Bugfix: In test/testenc, don't test openssl <cipher> for ciphers that were excluded, e.g. by -DNO_IDEA. Also, test all available ciphers including rc5, which was forgotten until now. In order to let the testing shell script know which algorithms are available, a new (up to now undocumented) command openssl list-cipher-commands is used.

  Bodo Moeller

• Bugfix: s_client occasionally would sleep in select() when it should have checked SSL_pending() first.

  Bodo Moeller

• New functions DSA_do_sign and DSA_do_verify to provide access to the raw DSA values prior to ASN.1 encoding.

  Ulf Möller

• Tweaks to Configure

  Niels Poppe niels@netbox.org

• Add support for PKCS#5 v2.0 ASN1 PBES2 structures. No other support, yet...

  Steve Henson

• New variables $(RANLIB) and $(PERL) in the Makefiles.

  Ulf Möller

• New config option to avoid instructions that are illegal on the 80386. The default code is faster, but requires at least a 486.

  Ulf Möller

• Got rid of old SSL2_CLIENT_VERSION (inconsistently used) and SSL2_SERVER_VERSION (not used at all) macros, which are now the same as SSL2_VERSION anyway.

  Bodo Moeller

• New "-showcerts" option for s_client.

  Bodo Moeller

• Still more PKCS#12 integration. Add pkcs12 application to openssl application. Various cleanups and fixes.

  Steve Henson

• More PKCS#12 integration. Add new pkcs12 directory with Makefile.ssl and modify error routines to work internally. Add error codes and PBE init to library startup routines.

  Steve Henson

• Further PKCS#12 integration. Added password based encryption, PKCS#8 and packing functions to asn1 and evp. Changed function names and error codes along the way.

  Steve Henson

• PKCS12 integration: and so it begins... First of several patches to slowly integrate PKCS#12 functionality into OpenSSL. Add PKCS#12 objects to objects.h

  Steve Henson

• Add a new 'indent' option to some X509V3 extension code. Initial ASN1 and display support for Thawte strong extranet extension.

  Steve Henson

• Add LinuxPPC support.

  Jeff Dubrule igor@pobox.org

• Get rid of redundant BN file bn_mulw.c, and rename bn_div64 to bn_div_words in alpha.s.

  Hannes Reinecke H.Reinecke@hw.ac.uk and Ben Laurie

• Make sure the RSA OAEP test is skipped under -DRSAref because OAEP isn't supported when OpenSSL is built with RSAref.

  Ulf Moeller ulf@fitug.de

• Move definitions of IS_SET/IS_SEQUENCE inside crypto/asn1/asn1.h so they no longer are missing under -DNOPROTO.

  Soren S. Jorvang soren@t.dk

Changes between 0.9.1c and 0.9.2b [22 Mar 1999]

• Make SSL_get_peer_cert_chain() work in servers. Unfortunately, it still doesn't work when the session is reused. Coming soon!

  Ben Laurie

• Fix a security hole, that allows sessions to be reused in the wrong context thus bypassing client cert protection! All software that uses client certs and session caches in multiple contexts NEEDS PATCHING to allow session reuse! A fuller solution is in the works.

  Ben Laurie, problem pointed out by Holger Reif, Bodo Moeller (and ???)

• Some more source tree cleanups (removed obsolete files crypto/bf/asm/bf586.pl, test/test.txt and crypto/sha/asm/f.s; changed permission on "config" script to be executable) and a fix for the INSTALL document.

  Ulf Moeller ulf@fitug.de

• Remove some legacy and erroneous uses of malloc, free instead of Malloc, Free.

  Lennart Bang lob@netstream.se, with minor changes by Steve

• Make rsa_oaep_test return non-zero on error.

  Ulf Moeller ulf@fitug.de

• Add support for native Solaris shared libraries. Configure solaris-sparc-sc4-pic, make, then run shlib/solaris-sc4.sh. It'd be nice if someone would make that last step automatic.

  Matthias Loepfe Matthias.Loepfe@AdNovum.CH

• ctx_size was not built with the right compiler during "make links". Fixed.

  Ben Laurie

• Change the meaning of 'ALL' in the cipher list. It now means "everything except NULL ciphers". This means the default cipher list will no longer enable NULL ciphers. They need to be specifically enabled e.g. with the string "DEFAULT:eNULL".

  Steve Henson

• Fix to RSA private encryption routines: if p < q then it would occasionally produce an invalid result. This will only happen with externally generated keys because OpenSSL (and SSLeay) ensure p > q.

  Steve Henson

• Be less restrictive and allow also perl util/perlpath.pl /path/to/bin/perl in addition to perl util/perlpath.pl /path/to/bin, because this way one can also use an interpreter named perl5 (which is usually the name of Perl 5.xxx on platforms where an Perl 4.x is still installed as perl).

  Matthias Loepfe Matthias.Loepfe@adnovum.ch

• Let util/clean-depend.pl work also with older Perl 5.00x versions.

  Matthias Loepfe Matthias.Loepfe@adnovum.ch

• Fix Makefile.org so CC,CFLAG etc are passed to 'make links' add advapi32.lib to Win32 build and change the pem test comparison to fc.exe (thanks to Ulrich Kroener kroneru@yahoo.com for the suggestion). Fix misplaced ASNI prototypes and declarations in evp.h and crypto/des/ede_cbcm_enc.c.

  Steve Henson

• DES quad checksum was broken on big-endian architectures. Fixed.

  Ben Laurie

• Comment out two functions in bio.h that aren't implemented. Fix up the Win32 test batch file so it (might) work again. The Win32 test batch file is horrible: I feel ill....

  Steve Henson

• Move various #ifdefs around so NO_SYSLOG, NO_DIRENT etc are now selected in e_os.h. Audit of header files to check ANSI and non ANSI sections: 10 functions were absent from non ANSI section and not exported from Windows DLLs. Fixed up libeay.num for new functions.

  Steve Henson

• Make openssl version output lines consistent.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Fix Win32 symbol export lists for BIO functions: Added BIO_get_ex_new_index, BIO_get_ex_num, BIO_get_ex_data and BIO_set_ex_data to ms/libeay{16,32}.def.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Second round of fixing the OpenSSL perl/ stuff. It now at least compiled fine under Unix and passes some trivial tests I've now added. But the whole stuff is horribly incomplete, so a README.1ST with a disclaimer was added to make sure no one expects that this stuff really works in the OpenSSL 0.9.2 release. Additionally I've started to clean the XS sources up and fixed a few little bugs and inconsistencies in OpenSSL.{pm,xs} and openssl_bio.xs.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Fix the generation of two part addresses in perl.

  Kenji Miyake kenji@miyake.org, integrated by Ben Laurie

• Add config entry for Linux on MIPS.

  John Tobey jtobey@channel1.com

• Make links whenever Configure is run, unless we are on Windoze.

  Ben Laurie

• Permit extensions to be added to CRLs using crl_section in openssl.cnf. Currently only issuerAltName and AuthorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in CRLs.

  Steve Henson

• Add a useful kludge to allow package maintainers to specify compiler and other platforms details on the command line without having to patch the Configure script every time: One now can use perl Configure <id>:<details>, i.e. platform ids are allowed to have details appended to them (separated by colons). This is treated as there would be a static pre-configured entry in Configure's %table under key <id> with value <details> and perl Configure <id> is called. So, when you want to perform a quick test-compile under FreeBSD 3.1 with pgcc and without assembler stuff you can use perl Configure "FreeBSD-elf:pgcc:-O6:::" now, which overrides the FreeBSD-elf entry on-the-fly.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Disable new TLS1 ciphersuites by default: they aren't official yet.

  Ben Laurie

• Allow DSO flags like -fpic, -fPIC, -KPIC etc. to be specified on the perl Configure ... command line. This way one can compile OpenSSL libraries with Position Independent Code (PIC) which is needed for linking it into DSOs.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Remarkably, export ciphers were totally broken and no-one had noticed! Fixed.

  Ben Laurie

• Cleaned up the LICENSE document: The official contact for any license questions now is the OpenSSL core team under openssl-core@openssl.org. And add a paragraph about the dual-license situation to make sure people recognize that BOTH the OpenSSL license AND the SSLeay license apply to the OpenSSL toolkit.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• General source tree makefile cleanups: Made making xxx in yyy... display consistent in the source tree and replaced /bin/rm by rm. Additionally cleaned up the make links target: Remove unnecessary semicolons, subsequent redundant removes, inline point.sh into mklink.sh to speed processing and no longer clutter the display with confusing stuff. Instead only the actually done links are displayed.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Permit null encryption ciphersuites, used for authentication only. It used to be necessary to set the preprocessor define SSL_ALLOW_ENULL to do this. It is now necessary to set SSL_FORBID_ENULL to prevent the use of null encryption.

  Ben Laurie

• Add a bunch of fixes to the PKCS#7 stuff. It used to sometimes reorder signed attributes when verifying signatures (this would break them), the detached data encoding was wrong and public keys obtained using X509_get_pubkey() weren't freed.

  Steve Henson

• Add text documentation for the BUFFER functions. Also added a work around to a Win95 console bug. This was triggered by the password read stuff: the last character typed gets carried over to the next fread(). If you were generating a new cert request using 'req' for example then the last character of the passphrase would be CR which would then enter the first field as blank.

  Steve Henson

• Added the new 'Includes OpenSSL Cryptography Software' button as doc/openssl_button.{gif,html} which is similar in style to the old SSLeay button and can be used by applications based on OpenSSL to show the relationship to the OpenSSL project.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Remove confusing variables in function signatures in files ssl/ssl_lib.c and ssl/ssl.h.

  Lennart Bong lob@kulthea.stacken.kth.se

• Don't install bss_file.c under PREFIX/include/

  Lennart Bong lob@kulthea.stacken.kth.se

• Get the Win32 compile working again. Modify mkdef.pl so it can handle functions that return function pointers and has support for NT specific stuff. Fix mk1mf.pl and VC-32.pl to support NT differences also. Various #ifdef WIN32 and WINNTs sprinkled about the place and some changes from unsigned to signed types: this was killing the Win32 compile.

  Steve Henson

• Add new certificate file to stack functions, SSL_add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack() and SSL_add_file_cert_subjects_to_stack(). These largely supplant SSL_load_client_CA_file(), and can be used to add multiple certs easily to a stack (usually this is then handed to SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list()). This means that Apache-SSL and similar packages don't have to mess around to add as many CAs as they want to the preferred list.

  Ben Laurie

• Experiment with doxygen documentation. Currently only partially applied to ssl/ssl_lib.c. See http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/index.html, and run doxygen with openssl.doxy as the configuration file.

  Ben Laurie

• Get rid of remaining C++-style comments which strict C compilers hate.

  Ralf S. Engelschall, pointed out by Carlos Amengual

• Changed BN_RECURSION in bn_mont.c to BN_RECURSION_MONT so it is not compiled in by default: it has problems with large keys.

  Steve Henson

• Add a bunch of SSL_xxx() functions for configuring the temporary RSA and DH private keys and/or callback functions which directly correspond to their SSL_CTX_xxx() counterparts but work on a per-connection basis. This is needed for applications which have to configure certificates on a per-connection basis (e.g. Apache+mod_ssl) instead of a per-context basis (e.g. s_server). For the RSA certificate situation is makes no difference, but for the DSA certificate situation this fixes the "no shared cipher" problem where the OpenSSL cipher selection procedure failed because the temporary keys were not overtaken from the context and the API provided no way to reconfigure them. The new functions now let applications reconfigure the stuff and they are in detail: SSL_need_tmp_RSA, SSL_set_tmp_rsa, SSL_set_tmp_dh, SSL_set_tmp_rsa_callback and SSL_set_tmp_dh_callback. Additionally a new non-public-API function ssl_cert_instantiate() is used as a helper function and also to reduce code redundancy inside ssl_rsa.c.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Move s_server -dcert and -dkey options out of the undocumented feature area because they are useful for the DSA situation and should be recognized by the users.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Fix the cipher decision scheme for export ciphers: the export bits are not within SSL_MKEY_MASK or SSL_AUTH_MASK, they are within SSL_EXP_MASK. So, the original variable has to be used instead of the already masked variable.

  Richard Levitte levitte@stacken.kth.se

• Fix port variable from int to unsigned int in crypto/bio/b_sock.c

  Richard Levitte levitte@stacken.kth.se

• Change type of another md_len variable in pk7_doit.c:PKCS7_dataFinal() from int to unsigned int because it is a length and initialized by EVP_DigestFinal() which expects an unsigned int *.

  Richard Levitte levitte@stacken.kth.se

• Don't hard-code path to Perl interpreter on shebang line of Configure script. Instead use the usual Shell->Perl transition trick.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Make openssl x509 -noout -modulus' functional also for DSA certificates (in addition to RSA certificates) to match the behaviour of openssl dsa -noout -modulus as it's already the case for openssl rsa -noout -modulus. For RSA the -modulus is the real "modulus" while for DSA currently the public key is printed (a decision which was already done by openssl dsa -modulus in the past) which serves a similar purpose. Additionally the NO_RSA no longer completely removes the whole -modulus option; it now only avoids using the RSA stuff. Same applies to NO_DSA now, too.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Add Arne Ansper's reliable BIO - this is an encrypted, block-digested BIO. See the source (crypto/evp/bio_ok.c) for more info.

  Arne Ansper arne@ats.cyber.ee

• Dump the old yucky req code that tried (and failed) to allow raw OIDs to be added. Now both 'req' and 'ca' can use new objects defined in the config file.

  Steve Henson

• Add cool BIO that does syslog (or event log on NT).

  Arne Ansper arne@ats.cyber.ee, integrated by Ben Laurie

• Add support for new TLS ciphersuites, TLS_RSA_EXPORT56_WITH_RC4_56_MD5, TLS_RSA_EXPORT56_WITH_RC2_CBC_56_MD5 and TLS_RSA_EXPORT56_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA, as specified in "56-bit Export Cipher Suites For TLS", draft-ietf-tls-56-bit-ciphersuites-00.txt.

  Ben Laurie

• Add preliminary config info for new extension code.

  Steve Henson

• Make RSA_NO_PADDING really use no padding.

  Ulf Moeller ulf@fitug.de

• Generate errors when private/public key check is done.

  Ben Laurie

• Overhaul for 'crl' utility. New function X509_CRL_print. Partial support for some CRL extensions and new objects added.

  Steve Henson

• Really fix the ASN1 IMPLICIT bug this time... Partial support for private key usage extension and fuller support for authority key id.

  Steve Henson

• Add OAEP encryption for the OpenSSL crypto library. OAEP is the improved padding method for RSA, which is recommended for new applications in PKCS #1 v2.0 (RFC 2437, October 1998). OAEP (Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding) has better theoretical foundations than the ad-hoc padding used in PKCS #1 v1.5. It is secure against Bleichbacher's attack on RSA. Ulf Moeller ulf@fitug.de, reformatted, corrected and integrated by Ben Laurie

• Updates to the new SSL compression code

  Eric A. Young, (from changes to C2Net SSLeay, integrated by Mark Cox)

• Fix so that the version number in the master secret, when passed via RSA, checks that if TLS was proposed, but we roll back to SSLv3 (because the server will not accept higher), that the version number is 0x03,0x01, not 0x03,0x00

  Eric A. Young, (from changes to C2Net SSLeay, integrated by Mark Cox)

• Run extensive memory leak checks on SSL commands. Fixed lots of memory leaks in ssl/ relating to new X509_get_pubkey() behaviour. Also fixes in apps/ and an unrelated leak in crypto/dsa/dsa_vrf.c.

  Steve Henson

• Support for RAW extensions where an arbitrary extension can be created by including its DER encoding. See apps/openssl.cnf for an example.

  Steve Henson

• Make sure latest Perl versions don't interpret some generated C array code as Perl array code in the crypto/err/err_genc.pl script.

  Lars Weber 3weber@informatik.uni-hamburg.de

• Modify ms/do_ms.bat to not generate assembly language makefiles since not many people have the assembler. Various Win32 compilation fixes and update to the INSTALL.W32 file with (hopefully) more accurate Win32 build instructions.

  Steve Henson

• Modify configure script 'Configure' to automatically create crypto/date.h file under Win32 and also build pem.h from pem.org. New script util/mkfiles.pl to create the MINFO file on environments that can't do a 'make files': perl util/mkfiles.pl >MINFO should work.

  Steve Henson

• Major rework of DES function declarations, in the pursuit of correctness and purity. As a result, many evil casts evaporated, and some weirdness, too. You may find this causes warnings in your code. Zapping your evil casts will probably fix them. Mostly.

  Ben Laurie

• Fix for a typo in asn1.h. Bug fix to object creation script obj_dat.pl. It considered a zero in an object definition to mean "end of object": none of the objects in objects.h have any zeros so it wasn't spotted.

  Steve Henson, reported by Erwann ABALEA eabalea@certplus.com

• Add support for Triple DES Cipher Block Chaining with Output Feedback Masking (CBCM). In the absence of test vectors, the best I have been able to do is check that the decrypt undoes the encrypt, so far. Send me test vectors if you have them.

  Ben Laurie

• Correct calculation of key length for export ciphers (too much space was allocated for null ciphers). This has not been tested!

  Ben Laurie

• Modifications to the mkdef.pl for Win32 DEF file creation. The usage message is now correct (it understands "crypto" and "ssl" on its command line). There is also now an "update" option. This will update the util/ssleay.num and util/libeay.num files with any new functions. If you do a: perl util/mkdef.pl crypto ssl update it will update them.

  Steve Henson

• Overhauled the Perl interface:

  • ported BN stuff to OpenSSL's different BN library
  • made the perl/ source tree CVS-aware
  • renamed the package from SSLeay to OpenSSL (the files still contain their history because I've copied them in the repository)
  • removed obsolete files (the test scripts will be replaced by better Test::Harness variants in the future)

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• First cut for a very conservative source tree cleanup:

  1. merge various obsolete readme texts into doc/ssleay.txt where we collect the old documents and readme texts.
  2. remove the first part of files where I'm already sure that we no longer need them because of three reasons: either they are just temporary files which were left by Eric or they are preserved original files where I've verified that the diff is also available in the CVS via "cvs diff -rSSLeay_0_8_1b" or they were renamed (as it was definitely the case for the crypto/md/ stuff).

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• More extension code. Incomplete support for subject and issuer alt name, issuer and authority key id. Change the i2v function parameters and add an extra 'crl' parameter in the X509V3_CTX structure: guess what that's for :-) Fix to ASN1 macro which messed up IMPLICIT tag and add f_enum.c which adds a2i, i2a for ENUMERATED.

  Steve Henson

• Preliminary support for ENUMERATED type. This is largely copied from the INTEGER code.

  Steve Henson

• Add new function, EVP_MD_CTX_copy() to replace frequent use of memcpy.

  Eric A. Young, (from changes to C2Net SSLeay, integrated by Mark Cox)

• Make sure make rehash target really finds the openssl program.

  Ralf S. Engelschall, Matthias Loepfe Matthias.Loepfe@adnovum.ch

• Squeeze another 7% of speed out of MD5 assembler, at least on a P2. I'd like to hear about it if this slows down other processors.

  Ben Laurie

• Add CygWin32 platform information to Configure script.

  Alan Batie batie@aahz.jf.intel.com

• Fixed ms/32all.bat script: no_asm -> no-asm

  Rainer W. Gerling gerling@mpg-gv.mpg.de

• New program nseq to manipulate netscape certificate sequences

  Steve Henson

• Modify crl2pkcs7 so it supports multiple -certfile arguments. Fix a few typos.

  Steve Henson

• Fixes to BN code. Previously the default was to define BN_RECURSION but the BN code had some problems that would cause failures when doing certificate verification and some other functions.

  Eric A. Young, (from changes to C2Net SSLeay, integrated by Mark Cox)

• Add ASN1 and PEM code to support netscape certificate sequences.

  Steve Henson

• Add ASN1 and PEM code to support netscape certificate sequences.

  Steve Henson

• Add several PKIX and private extended key usage OIDs.

  Steve Henson

• Modify the 'ca' program to handle the new extension code. Modify openssl.cnf for new extension format, add comments.

  Steve Henson

• More X509 V3 changes. Fix typo in v3_bitstr.c. Add support to 'req' and add a sample to openssl.cnf so req -x509 now adds appropriate CA extensions.

  Steve Henson

• Continued X509 V3 changes. Add to other makefiles, integrate with the error code, add initial support to X509_print() and x509 application.

  Steve Henson

• Takes a deep breath and start adding X509 V3 extension support code. Add files in crypto/x509v3. Move original stuff to crypto/x509v3/old. All this stuff is currently isolated and isn't even compiled yet.

  Steve Henson

• Continuing patches for GeneralizedTime. Fix up certificate and CRL ASN1 to use ASN1_TIME and modify print routines to use ASN1_TIME_print. Removed the versions check from X509 routines when loading extensions: this allows certain broken certificates that don't set the version properly to be processed.

  Steve Henson

• Deal with irritating shit to do with dependencies, in YAAHW (Yet Another Ad Hoc Way) - Makefile.ssls now all contain local dependencies, which can still be regenerated with "make depend".

  Ben Laurie

• Spelling mistake in C version of CAST-128.

  Ben Laurie, reported by Jeremy Hylton jeremy@cnri.reston.va.us

• Changes to the error generation code. The perl script err-code.pl now reads in the old error codes and retains the old numbers, only adding new ones if necessary. It also only changes the .err files if new codes are added. The makefiles have been modified to only insert errors when needed (to avoid needlessly modifying header files). This is done by only inserting errors if the .err file is newer than the auto generated C file. To rebuild all the error codes from scratch (the old behaviour) either modify crypto/Makefile.ssl to pass the -regen flag to err_code.pl or delete all the .err files.

  Steve Henson

• CAST-128 was incorrectly implemented for short keys. The C version has been fixed, but is untested. The assembler versions are also fixed, but new assembler HAS NOT BEEN GENERATED FOR WIN32 - the Makefile needs fixing to regenerate it if needed. Ben Laurie, reported (with fix for C version) by Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino itojun@kame.net

• File was opened incorrectly in randfile.c.

  Ulf Möller ulf@fitug.de

• Beginning of support for GeneralizedTime. d2i, i2d, check and print functions. Also ASN1_TIME suite which is a CHOICE of UTCTime or GeneralizedTime. ASN1_TIME is the proper type used in certificates et al: it's just almost always a UTCTime. Note this patch adds new error codes so do a "make errors" if there are problems.

  Steve Henson

• Correct Linux 1 recognition in config.

  Ulf Möller ulf@fitug.de

• Remove pointless MD5 hash when using DSA keys in ca.

  Anonymous nobody@replay.com

• Generate an error if given an empty string as a cert directory. Also generate an error if handed NULL (previously returned 0 to indicate an error, but didn't set one).

  Ben Laurie, reported by Anonymous nobody@replay.com

• Add prototypes to SSL methods. Make SSL_write's buffer const, at last.

  Ben Laurie

• Fix the dummy function BN_ref_mod_exp() in rsaref.c to have the correct parameters. This was causing a warning which killed off the Win32 compile.

  Steve Henson

• Remove C++ style comments from crypto/bn/bn_local.h.

  Neil Costigan neil.costigan@celocom.com

• The function OBJ_txt2nid was broken. It was supposed to return a nid based on a text string, looking up short and long names and finally "dot" format. The "dot" format stuff didn't work. Added new function OBJ_txt2obj to do the same but return an ASN1_OBJECT and rewrote OBJ_txt2nid to use it. OBJ_txt2obj can also return objects even if the OID is not part of the table.

  Steve Henson

• Add prototypes to X509 lookup/verify methods, fixing a bug in X509_LOOKUP_by_alias().

  Ben Laurie

• Sort openssl functions by name.

  Ben Laurie

• Get the gendsa command working and add it to the list command. Remove encryption from sample DSA keys (in case anyone is interested the password was "1234").

  Steve Henson

• Make all *_free functions accept a NULL pointer.

  Frans Heymans fheymans@isaserver.be

• If a DH key is generated in s3_srvr.c, don't blow it by trying to use NULL pointers.

  Anonymous nobody@replay.com

• s_server should send the CAfile as acceptable CAs, not its own cert.

  Bodo Moeller 3moeller@informatik.uni-hamburg.de

• Don't blow it for numeric -newkey arguments to apps/req.

  Bodo Moeller 3moeller@informatik.uni-hamburg.de

• Temp key "for export" tests were wrong in s3_srvr.c.

  Anonymous nobody@replay.com

• Add prototype for temp key callback functions SSL_CTX_set_tmp_{rsa,dh}_callback().

  Ben Laurie

• Make DH_free() tolerate being passed a NULL pointer (like RSA_free() and DSA_free()). Make X509_PUBKEY_set() check for errors in d2i_PublicKey().

  Steve Henson

• X509_name_add_entry() freed the wrong thing after an error.

  Arne Ansper arne@ats.cyber.ee

• rsa_eay.c would attempt to free a NULL context.

  Arne Ansper arne@ats.cyber.ee

• BIO_s_socket() had a broken should_retry() on Windoze.

  Arne Ansper arne@ats.cyber.ee

• BIO_f_buffer() didn't pass on BIO_CTRL_FLUSH.

  Arne Ansper arne@ats.cyber.ee

• Make sure the already existing X509_STORE->depth variable is initialized in X509_STORE_new(), but document the fact that this variable is still unused in the certificate verification process.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Fix the various library and apps/ files to free up pkeys obtained from X509_PUBKEY_get() et al. Also allow x509.c to handle netscape extensions.

  Steve Henson

• Fix reference counting in X509_PUBKEY_get(). This makes demos/maurice/example2.c work, amongst others, probably.

  Steve Henson and Ben Laurie

• First cut of a cleanup for apps/. First the ssleay program is now named openssl and second, the shortcut symlinks for the openssl <command> are no longer created. This way we have a single and consistent command line interface openssl <command>, similar to cvs <command>.

  Ralf S. Engelschall, Paul Sutton and Ben Laurie

• ca.c: move test for DSA keys inside #ifndef NO_DSA. Make pubkey BIT STRING wrapper always have zero unused bits.

  Steve Henson

• Add CA.pl, perl version of CA.sh, add extended key usage OID.

  Steve Henson

• Make the top-level INSTALL documentation easier to understand.

  Paul Sutton

• Makefiles updated to exit if an error occurs in a sub-directory make (including if user presses ^C) [Paul Sutton]

• Make Montgomery context stuff explicit in RSA data structure.

  Ben Laurie

• Fix build order of pem and err to allow for generated pem.h.

  Ben Laurie

• Fix renumbering bug in X509_NAME_delete_entry().

  Ben Laurie

• Enhanced the err-ins.pl script so it makes the error library number global and can add a library name. This is needed for external ASN1 and other error libraries.

  Steve Henson

• Fixed sk_insert which never worked properly.

  Steve Henson

• Fix ASN1 macros so they can handle indefinite length constructed EXPLICIT tags. Some non standard certificates use these: they can now be read in.

  Steve Henson

• Merged the various old/obsolete SSLeay documentation files (doc/xxx.doc) into a single doc/ssleay.txt bundle. This way the information is still preserved but no longer messes up this directory. Now it's new room for the new set of documentation files.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• SETs were incorrectly DER encoded. This was a major pain, because they shared code with SEQUENCEs, which aren't coded the same. This means that almost everything to do with SETs or SEQUENCEs has either changed name or number of arguments.

  Ben Laurie, based on a partial fix by GP Jayan gp@nsj.co.jp

• Fix test data to work with the above.

  Ben Laurie

• Fix the RSA header declarations that hid a bug I fixed in 0.9.0b but was already fixed by Eric for 0.9.1 it seems.

  Ben Laurie - pointed out by Ulf Möller ulf@fitug.de

• Autodetect FreeBSD3.

  Ben Laurie

• Fix various bugs in Configure. This affects the following platforms: nextstep ncr-scde unixware-2.0 unixware-2.0-pentium sco5-cc.

  Ben Laurie

• Eliminate generated files from CVS. Reorder tests to regenerate files before they are needed.

  Ben Laurie

• Generate Makefile.ssl from Makefile.org (to keep CVS happy).

  Ben Laurie

Changes between 0.9.1b and 0.9.1c [23-Dec-1998]

• Added OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER to crypto/crypto.h and changed SSLeay to OpenSSL in version strings.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Some fixups to the top-level documents.

  Paul Sutton

• Fixed the nasty bug where rsaref.h was not found under compile-time because the symlink to include/ was missing.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Incorporated the popular no-RSA/DSA-only patches which allow to compile an RSA-free SSLeay.

  Andrew Cooke / Interrader Ldt., Ralf S. Engelschall

• Fixed nasty rehash problem under make -f Makefile.ssl links when "ssleay" is still not found.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Added more platforms to Configure: Cray T3E, HPUX 11,

  Ralf S. Engelschall, Beckmann beckman@acl.lanl.gov

• Updated the README file.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Added various .cvsignore files in the CVS repository subdirs to make a "cvs update" really silent.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Recompiled the error-definition header files and added missing symbols to the Win32 linker tables.

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Cleaned up the top-level documents; o new files: CHANGES and LICENSE o merged VERSION, HISTORY* and README* files a CHANGES.SSLeay o merged COPYRIGHT into LICENSE o removed obsolete TODO file o renamed MICROSOFT to INSTALL.W32

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Removed dummy files from the 0.9.1b source tree: crypto/asn1/x crypto/bio/cd crypto/bio/fg crypto/bio/grep crypto/bio/vi crypto/bn/asm/......add.c crypto/bn/asm/a.out crypto/dsa/f crypto/md5/f crypto/pem/gmon.out crypto/perlasm/f crypto/pkcs7/build crypto/rsa/f crypto/sha/asm/f crypto/threads/f ms/zzz ssl/f ssl/f.mak test/f util/f.mak util/pl/f util/pl/f.mak crypto/bf/bf_locl.old apps/f

  Ralf S. Engelschall

• Added various platform portability fixes.

  Mark J. Cox

• The Genesis of the OpenSSL rpject: We start with the latest (unreleased) SSLeay version 0.9.1b which Eric A. Young and Tim J. Hudson created while they were working for C2Net until summer 1998.

  The OpenSSL Project

Changes between 0.9.0b and 0.9.1b [not released]

• Updated a few CA certificates under certs/

  Eric A. Young

• Changed some BIGNUM api stuff.

  Eric A. Young

• Various platform ports: OpenBSD, Ultrix, IRIX 64bit, NetBSD, DGUX x86, Linux Alpha, etc.

  Eric A. Young

• New COMP library [crypto/comp/] for SSL Record Layer Compression: RLE (dummy implemented) and ZLIB (really implemented when ZLIB is available).

  Eric A. Young

• Add -strparse option to asn1pars program which parses nested binary structures

  Dr Stephen Henson shenson@bigfoot.com

• Added "oid_file" to ssleay.cnf for "ca" and "req" programs.

  Eric A. Young

• DSA fix for "ca" program.

  Eric A. Young

• Added "-genkey" option to "dsaparam" program.

  Eric A. Young

• Added RIPE MD160 (rmd160) message digest.

  Eric A. Young

• Added -a (all) option to "ssleay version" command.

  Eric A. Young

• Added PLATFORM define which is the id given to Configure.

  Eric A. Young

• Added MemCheck_XXXX functions to crypto/mem.c for memory checking.

  Eric A. Young

• Extended the ASN.1 parser routines.

  Eric A. Young

• Extended BIO routines to support REUSEADDR, seek, tell, etc.

  Eric A. Young

• Added a BN_CTX to the BN library.

  Eric A. Young

• Fixed the weak key values in DES library

  Eric A. Young

• Changed API in EVP library for cipher aliases.

  Eric A. Young

• Added support for RC2/64bit cipher.

  Eric A. Young

• Converted the lhash library to the crypto/mem.c functions.

  Eric A. Young

• Added more recognized ASN.1 object ids.

  Eric A. Young

• Added more RSA padding checks for SSL/TLS.

  Eric A. Young

• Added BIO proxy/filter functionality.

  Eric A. Young

• Added extra_certs to SSL_CTX which can be used send extra CA certificates to the client in the CA cert chain sending process. It can be configured with SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert().

  Eric A. Young

• Now Fortezza is denied in the authentication phase because this is key exchange mechanism is not supported by SSLeay at all.

  Eric A. Young

• Additional PKCS1 checks.

  Eric A. Young

• Support the string "TLSv1" for all TLS v1 ciphers.

  Eric A. Young

• Added function SSL_get_ex_data_X509_STORE_CTX_idx() which gives the ex_data index of the SSL context in the X509_STORE_CTX ex_data.

  Eric A. Young

• Fixed a few memory leaks.

  Eric A. Young

• Fixed various code and comment typos.

  Eric A. Young

• A minor bug in ssl/s3_clnt.c where there would always be 4 0 bytes sent in the client random.

  Edward Bishop ebishop@spyglass.com