mirror of
https://github.com/openssl/openssl.git
synced 2024-12-03 05:41:46 +08:00
fd3397fc47
Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org> (Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/8442)
503 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
503 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
=pod
|
|
|
|
=begin comment
|
|
{- join("\n", @autowarntext) -}
|
|
|
|
=end comment
|
|
|
|
=head1 NAME
|
|
|
|
openssl-smime - S/MIME utility
|
|
|
|
=head1 SYNOPSIS
|
|
|
|
B<openssl> B<smime>
|
|
[B<-help>]
|
|
[B<-encrypt>]
|
|
[B<-decrypt>]
|
|
[B<-sign>]
|
|
[B<-resign>]
|
|
[B<-verify>]
|
|
[B<-pk7out>]
|
|
[B<-binary>]
|
|
[B<-crlfeol>]
|
|
[B<-I<cipher>>]
|
|
[B<-in> I<file>]
|
|
[B<-attime> I<timestamp>]
|
|
[B<-check_ss_sig>]
|
|
[B<-crl_check>]
|
|
[B<-crl_check_all>]
|
|
[B<-explicit_policy>]
|
|
[B<-extended_crl>]
|
|
[B<-ignore_critical>]
|
|
[B<-inhibit_any>]
|
|
[B<-inhibit_map>]
|
|
[B<-partial_chain>]
|
|
[B<-policy> I<arg>]
|
|
[B<-policy_check>]
|
|
[B<-policy_print>]
|
|
[B<-purpose> I<purpose>]
|
|
[B<-suiteB_128>]
|
|
[B<-suiteB_128_only>]
|
|
[B<-suiteB_192>]
|
|
[B<-trusted_first>]
|
|
[B<-no_alt_chains>]
|
|
[B<-use_deltas>]
|
|
[B<-auth_level> I<num>]
|
|
[B<-verify_depth> I<num>]
|
|
[B<-verify_email> I<email>]
|
|
[B<-verify_hostname> I<hostname>]
|
|
[B<-verify_ip> I<ip>]
|
|
[B<-verify_name> I<name>]
|
|
[B<-x509_strict>]
|
|
[B<-certfile> I<file>]
|
|
[B<-signer> I<file>]
|
|
[B<-recip> I< file>]
|
|
[B<-inform> B<DER>|B<PEM>|B<SMIME>]
|
|
[B<-outform> B<DER>|B<PEM>|B<SMIME>]
|
|
[B<-keyform> B<DER>|B<PEM>|B<ENGINE>]
|
|
[B<-passin> I<arg>]
|
|
[B<-inkey> I<file_or_id>]
|
|
[B<-out> I<file>]
|
|
[B<-content> I<file>]
|
|
[B<-to> I<addr>]
|
|
[B<-from> I<ad>]
|
|
[B<-subject> I<s>]
|
|
[B<-text>]
|
|
[B<-indef>]
|
|
[B<-noindef>]
|
|
[B<-stream>]
|
|
[B<-md> I<digest>]
|
|
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_trust_synopsis -}
|
|
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_r_synopsis -}
|
|
I<cert.pem> ...
|
|
|
|
=for openssl ifdef engine
|
|
|
|
=head1 DESCRIPTION
|
|
|
|
This command handles S/MIME mail. It can encrypt, decrypt, sign
|
|
and verify S/MIME messages.
|
|
|
|
=head1 OPTIONS
|
|
|
|
There are six operation options that set the type of operation to be performed.
|
|
The meaning of the other options varies according to the operation type.
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<-help>
|
|
|
|
Print out a usage message.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-encrypt>
|
|
|
|
Encrypt mail for the given recipient certificates. Input file is the message
|
|
to be encrypted. The output file is the encrypted mail in MIME format.
|
|
|
|
Note that no revocation check is done for the recipient cert, so if that
|
|
key has been compromised, others may be able to decrypt the text.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-decrypt>
|
|
|
|
Decrypt mail using the supplied certificate and private key. Expects an
|
|
encrypted mail message in MIME format for the input file. The decrypted mail
|
|
is written to the output file.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-sign>
|
|
|
|
Sign mail using the supplied certificate and private key. Input file is
|
|
the message to be signed. The signed message in MIME format is written
|
|
to the output file.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-verify>
|
|
|
|
Verify signed mail. Expects a signed mail message on input and outputs
|
|
the signed data. Both clear text and opaque signing is supported.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-pk7out>
|
|
|
|
Takes an input message and writes out a PEM encoded PKCS#7 structure.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-resign>
|
|
|
|
Resign a message: take an existing message and one or more new signers.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-in> I<filename>
|
|
|
|
The input message to be encrypted or signed or the MIME message to
|
|
be decrypted or verified.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-out> I<filename>
|
|
|
|
The message text that has been decrypted or verified or the output MIME
|
|
format message that has been signed or verified.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-inform> B<DER>|B<PEM>|B<SMIME>
|
|
|
|
The input format of the PKCS#7 (S/MIME) structure (if one is being read);
|
|
the default is B<SMIME>.
|
|
See L<openssl(1)/Format Options> for details.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-outform> B<DER>|B<PEM>|B<SMIME>
|
|
|
|
The output format of the PKCS#7 (S/MIME) structure (if one is being written);
|
|
the default is B<SMIME>.
|
|
See L<openssl(1)/Format Options> for details.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-keyform> B<DER>|B<PEM>
|
|
|
|
The key format; the default is B<PEM>.
|
|
See L<openssl(1)/Format Options> for details.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-stream>, B<-indef>, B<-noindef>
|
|
|
|
The B<-stream> and B<-indef> options are equivalent and enable streaming I/O
|
|
for encoding operations. This permits single pass processing of data without
|
|
the need to hold the entire contents in memory, potentially supporting very
|
|
large files. Streaming is automatically set for S/MIME signing with detached
|
|
data if the output format is B<SMIME> it is currently off by default for all
|
|
other operations.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-noindef>
|
|
|
|
Disable streaming I/O where it would produce and indefinite length constructed
|
|
encoding. This option currently has no effect. In future streaming will be
|
|
enabled by default on all relevant operations and this option will disable it.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-content> I<filename>
|
|
|
|
This specifies a file containing the detached content, this is only
|
|
useful with the B<-verify> command. This is only usable if the PKCS#7
|
|
structure is using the detached signature form where the content is
|
|
not included. This option will override any content if the input format
|
|
is S/MIME and it uses the multipart/signed MIME content type.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-text>
|
|
|
|
This option adds plain text (text/plain) MIME headers to the supplied
|
|
message if encrypting or signing. If decrypting or verifying it strips
|
|
off text headers: if the decrypted or verified message is not of MIME
|
|
type text/plain then an error occurs.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-md> I<digest>
|
|
|
|
Digest algorithm to use when signing or resigning. If not present then the
|
|
default digest algorithm for the signing key will be used (usually SHA1).
|
|
|
|
=item B<-I<cipher>>
|
|
|
|
The encryption algorithm to use. For example DES (56 bits) - B<-des>,
|
|
triple DES (168 bits) - B<-des3>,
|
|
EVP_get_cipherbyname() function) can also be used preceded by a dash, for
|
|
example B<-aes-128-cbc>. See L<openssl-enc(1)> for list of ciphers
|
|
supported by your version of OpenSSL.
|
|
|
|
If not specified triple DES is used. Only used with B<-encrypt>.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-nointern>
|
|
|
|
When verifying a message normally certificates (if any) included in
|
|
the message are searched for the signing certificate. With this option
|
|
only the certificates specified in the B<-certfile> option are used.
|
|
The supplied certificates can still be used as untrusted CAs however.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-noverify>
|
|
|
|
Do not verify the signers certificate of a signed message.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-nochain>
|
|
|
|
Do not do chain verification of signers certificates: that is don't
|
|
use the certificates in the signed message as untrusted CAs.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-nosigs>
|
|
|
|
Don't try to verify the signatures on the message.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-nocerts>
|
|
|
|
When signing a message the signer's certificate is normally included
|
|
with this option it is excluded. This will reduce the size of the
|
|
signed message but the verifier must have a copy of the signers certificate
|
|
available locally (passed using the B<-certfile> option for example).
|
|
|
|
=item B<-noattr>
|
|
|
|
Normally when a message is signed a set of attributes are included which
|
|
include the signing time and supported symmetric algorithms. With this
|
|
option they are not included.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-binary>
|
|
|
|
Normally the input message is converted to "canonical" format which is
|
|
effectively using CR and LF as end of line: as required by the S/MIME
|
|
specification. When this option is present no translation occurs. This
|
|
is useful when handling binary data which may not be in MIME format.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-crlfeol>
|
|
|
|
Normally the output file uses a single B<LF> as end of line. When this
|
|
option is present B<CRLF> is used instead.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-nodetach>
|
|
|
|
When signing a message use opaque signing: this form is more resistant
|
|
to translation by mail relays but it cannot be read by mail agents that
|
|
do not support S/MIME. Without this option cleartext signing with
|
|
the MIME type multipart/signed is used.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-certfile> I<file>
|
|
|
|
Allows additional certificates to be specified. When signing these will
|
|
be included with the message. When verifying these will be searched for
|
|
the signers certificates. The certificates should be in PEM format.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-signer> I<file>
|
|
|
|
A signing certificate when signing or resigning a message, this option can be
|
|
used multiple times if more than one signer is required. If a message is being
|
|
verified then the signers certificates will be written to this file if the
|
|
verification was successful.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-recip> I<file>
|
|
|
|
The recipients certificate when decrypting a message. This certificate
|
|
must match one of the recipients of the message or an error occurs.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-inkey> I<file_or_id>
|
|
|
|
The private key to use when signing or decrypting. This must match the
|
|
corresponding certificate. If this option is not specified then the
|
|
private key must be included in the certificate file specified with
|
|
the B<-recip> or B<-signer> file. When signing this option can be used
|
|
multiple times to specify successive keys.
|
|
If no engine is used, the argument is taken as a file; if an engine is
|
|
specified, the argument is given to the engine as a key identifier.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-passin> I<arg>
|
|
|
|
The private key password source. For more information about the format of I<arg>
|
|
see L<openssl(1)/Pass Phrase Options>.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-to>, B<-from>, B<-subject>
|
|
|
|
The relevant mail headers. These are included outside the signed
|
|
portion of a message so they may be included manually. If signing
|
|
then many S/MIME mail clients check the signers certificate's email
|
|
address matches that specified in the From: address.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-attime>, B<-check_ss_sig>, B<-crl_check>, B<-crl_check_all>,
|
|
B<-explicit_policy>, B<-extended_crl>, B<-ignore_critical>, B<-inhibit_any>,
|
|
B<-inhibit_map>, B<-no_alt_chains>, B<-partial_chain>, B<-policy>,
|
|
B<-policy_check>, B<-policy_print>, B<-purpose>, B<-suiteB_128>,
|
|
B<-suiteB_128_only>, B<-suiteB_192>, B<-trusted_first>, B<-use_deltas>,
|
|
B<-auth_level>, B<-verify_depth>, B<-verify_email>, B<-verify_hostname>,
|
|
B<-verify_ip>, B<-verify_name>, B<-x509_strict>
|
|
|
|
Set various options of certificate chain verification. See
|
|
L<openssl-verify(1)> manual page for details.
|
|
|
|
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_trust_item -}
|
|
|
|
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_r_item -}
|
|
|
|
=item I<cert.pem> ...
|
|
|
|
One or more certificates of message recipients, used when encrypting
|
|
a message.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 NOTES
|
|
|
|
The MIME message must be sent without any blank lines between the
|
|
headers and the output. Some mail programs will automatically add
|
|
a blank line. Piping the mail directly to sendmail is one way to
|
|
achieve the correct format.
|
|
|
|
The supplied message to be signed or encrypted must include the
|
|
necessary MIME headers or many S/MIME clients won't display it
|
|
properly (if at all). You can use the B<-text> option to automatically
|
|
add plain text headers.
|
|
|
|
A "signed and encrypted" message is one where a signed message is
|
|
then encrypted. This can be produced by encrypting an already signed
|
|
message: see the examples section.
|
|
|
|
This version of the program only allows one signer per message but it
|
|
will verify multiple signers on received messages. Some S/MIME clients
|
|
choke if a message contains multiple signers. It is possible to sign
|
|
messages "in parallel" by signing an already signed message.
|
|
|
|
The options B<-encrypt> and B<-decrypt> reflect common usage in S/MIME
|
|
clients. Strictly speaking these process PKCS#7 enveloped data: PKCS#7
|
|
encrypted data is used for other purposes.
|
|
|
|
The B<-resign> option uses an existing message digest when adding a new
|
|
signer. This means that attributes must be present in at least one existing
|
|
signer using the same message digest or this operation will fail.
|
|
|
|
The B<-stream> and B<-indef> options enable streaming I/O support.
|
|
As a result the encoding is BER using indefinite length constructed encoding
|
|
and no longer DER. Streaming is supported for the B<-encrypt> operation and the
|
|
B<-sign> operation if the content is not detached.
|
|
|
|
Streaming is always used for the B<-sign> operation with detached data but
|
|
since the content is no longer part of the PKCS#7 structure the encoding
|
|
remains DER.
|
|
|
|
=head1 EXIT CODES
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item Z<>0
|
|
|
|
The operation was completely successfully.
|
|
|
|
=item Z<>1
|
|
|
|
An error occurred parsing the command options.
|
|
|
|
=item Z<>2
|
|
|
|
One of the input files could not be read.
|
|
|
|
=item Z<>3
|
|
|
|
An error occurred creating the PKCS#7 file or when reading the MIME
|
|
message.
|
|
|
|
=item Z<>4
|
|
|
|
An error occurred decrypting or verifying the message.
|
|
|
|
=item Z<>5
|
|
|
|
The message was verified correctly but an error occurred writing out
|
|
the signers certificates.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 EXAMPLES
|
|
|
|
Create a cleartext signed message:
|
|
|
|
openssl smime -sign -in message.txt -text -out mail.msg \
|
|
-signer mycert.pem
|
|
|
|
Create an opaque signed message:
|
|
|
|
openssl smime -sign -in message.txt -text -out mail.msg -nodetach \
|
|
-signer mycert.pem
|
|
|
|
Create a signed message, include some additional certificates and
|
|
read the private key from another file:
|
|
|
|
openssl smime -sign -in in.txt -text -out mail.msg \
|
|
-signer mycert.pem -inkey mykey.pem -certfile mycerts.pem
|
|
|
|
Create a signed message with two signers:
|
|
|
|
openssl smime -sign -in message.txt -text -out mail.msg \
|
|
-signer mycert.pem -signer othercert.pem
|
|
|
|
Send a signed message under Unix directly to sendmail, including headers:
|
|
|
|
openssl smime -sign -in in.txt -text -signer mycert.pem \
|
|
-from steve@openssl.org -to someone@somewhere \
|
|
-subject "Signed message" | sendmail someone@somewhere
|
|
|
|
Verify a message and extract the signer's certificate if successful:
|
|
|
|
openssl smime -verify -in mail.msg -signer user.pem -out signedtext.txt
|
|
|
|
Send encrypted mail using triple DES:
|
|
|
|
openssl smime -encrypt -in in.txt -from steve@openssl.org \
|
|
-to someone@somewhere -subject "Encrypted message" \
|
|
-des3 user.pem -out mail.msg
|
|
|
|
Sign and encrypt mail:
|
|
|
|
openssl smime -sign -in ml.txt -signer my.pem -text \
|
|
| openssl smime -encrypt -out mail.msg \
|
|
-from steve@openssl.org -to someone@somewhere \
|
|
-subject "Signed and Encrypted message" -des3 user.pem
|
|
|
|
Note: the encryption command does not include the B<-text> option because the
|
|
message being encrypted already has MIME headers.
|
|
|
|
Decrypt mail:
|
|
|
|
openssl smime -decrypt -in mail.msg -recip mycert.pem -inkey key.pem
|
|
|
|
The output from Netscape form signing is a PKCS#7 structure with the
|
|
detached signature format. You can use this program to verify the
|
|
signature by line wrapping the base64 encoded structure and surrounding
|
|
it with:
|
|
|
|
-----BEGIN PKCS7-----
|
|
-----END PKCS7-----
|
|
|
|
and using the command:
|
|
|
|
openssl smime -verify -inform PEM -in signature.pem -content content.txt
|
|
|
|
Alternatively you can base64 decode the signature and use:
|
|
|
|
openssl smime -verify -inform DER -in signature.der -content content.txt
|
|
|
|
Create an encrypted message using 128 bit Camellia:
|
|
|
|
openssl smime -encrypt -in plain.txt -camellia128 -out mail.msg cert.pem
|
|
|
|
Add a signer to an existing message:
|
|
|
|
openssl smime -resign -in mail.msg -signer newsign.pem -out mail2.msg
|
|
|
|
=head1 BUGS
|
|
|
|
The MIME parser isn't very clever: it seems to handle most messages that I've
|
|
thrown at it but it may choke on others.
|
|
|
|
The code currently will only write out the signer's certificate to a file: if
|
|
the signer has a separate encryption certificate this must be manually
|
|
extracted. There should be some heuristic that determines the correct
|
|
encryption certificate.
|
|
|
|
Ideally a database should be maintained of a certificates for each email
|
|
address.
|
|
|
|
The code doesn't currently take note of the permitted symmetric encryption
|
|
algorithms as supplied in the SMIMECapabilities signed attribute. This means the
|
|
user has to manually include the correct encryption algorithm. It should store
|
|
the list of permitted ciphers in a database and only use those.
|
|
|
|
No revocation checking is done on the signer's certificate.
|
|
|
|
The current code can only handle S/MIME v2 messages, the more complex S/MIME v3
|
|
structures may cause parsing errors.
|
|
|
|
=head1 SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
L<ossl_store-file(7)>
|
|
|
|
=head1 HISTORY
|
|
|
|
The use of multiple B<-signer> options and the B<-resign> command were first
|
|
added in OpenSSL 1.0.0
|
|
|
|
The -no_alt_chains option was added in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
|
|
|
|
=head1 COPYRIGHT
|
|
|
|
Copyright 2000-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
|
|
|
|
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
|
|
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
|
|
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
|
|
L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
|
|
|
|
=cut
|