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1579594383
Also document the function CONF_get1_default_config_file() Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tmraz@fedoraproject.org> (Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/13658)
807 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
807 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
=pod
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=head1 NAME
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openssl - OpenSSL command line program
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=head1 SYNOPSIS
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B<openssl>
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I<command>
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[ I<options> ... ]
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[ I<parameters> ... ]
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B<openssl>
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B<list>
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B<-standard-commands> |
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B<-digest-commands> |
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B<-cipher-commands> |
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B<-cipher-algorithms> |
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B<-digest-algorithms> |
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B<-mac-algorithms> |
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B<-public-key-algorithms>
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B<openssl> B<no->I<XXX> [ I<options> ]
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL
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v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related
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cryptography standards required by them.
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The B<openssl> program is a command line program for using the various
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cryptography functions of OpenSSL's B<crypto> library from the shell.
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It can be used for
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o Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
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o Public key cryptographic operations
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o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
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o Calculation of Message Digests and Message Authentication Codes
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o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
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o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
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o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
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o Timestamp requests, generation and verification
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=head1 COMMAND SUMMARY
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The B<openssl> program provides a rich variety of commands (I<command> in
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the L</SYNOPSIS> above).
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Each command can have many options and argument parameters, shown above as
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I<options> and I<parameters>.
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Detailed documentation and use cases for most standard subcommands are available
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(e.g., L<openssl-x509(1)>).
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The list options B<-standard-commands>, B<-digest-commands>,
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and B<-cipher-commands> output a list (one entry per line) of the names
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of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands,
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respectively, that are available.
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The list parameters B<-cipher-algorithms>, B<-digest-algorithms>,
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and B<-mac-algorithms> list all cipher, message digest, and message
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authentication code names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed as:
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from => to
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The list parameter B<-public-key-algorithms> lists all supported public
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key algorithms.
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The command B<no->I<XXX> tests whether a command of the
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specified name is available. If no command named I<XXX> exists, it
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returns 0 (success) and prints B<no->I<XXX>; otherwise it returns 1
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and prints I<XXX>. In both cases, the output goes to B<stdout> and
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nothing is printed to B<stderr>. Additional command line arguments
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are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the
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same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the
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availability of ciphers in the B<openssl> program. (B<no->I<XXX> is
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not able to detect pseudo-commands such as B<quit>,
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B<list>, or B<no->I<XXX> itself.)
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=head2 Configuration Option
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Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of their
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arguments and have a B<-config> option to specify that file.
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The default name of the file is F<openssl.cnf> in the default certificate
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storage area, which can be determined from the L<openssl-version(1)>
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command using the B<-d> or B<-a> option.
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The environment variable B<OPENSSL_CONF> can be used to specify a different
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file location or to disable loading a configuration (using the empty string).
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Among others, the configuration file can be used to load modules
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and to specify parameters for generating certificates and random numbers.
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See L<config(5)> for details.
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=head2 Standard Commands
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=over 4
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=item B<asn1parse>
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Parse an ASN.1 sequence.
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=item B<ca>
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Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
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=item B<ciphers>
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Cipher Suite Description Determination.
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=item B<cms>
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CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) command.
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=item B<crl>
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Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
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=item B<crl2pkcs7>
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CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.
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=item B<dgst>
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Message Digest calculation. MAC calculations are superseded by
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L<openssl-mac(1)>.
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=item B<dhparam>
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Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by
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L<openssl-genpkey(1)> and L<openssl-pkeyparam(1)>.
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=item B<dsa>
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DSA Data Management.
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=item B<dsaparam>
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DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by
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L<openssl-genpkey(1)> and L<openssl-pkeyparam(1)>.
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=item B<ec>
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EC (Elliptic curve) key processing.
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=item B<ecparam>
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EC parameter manipulation and generation.
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=item B<enc>
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Encryption, decryption, and encoding.
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=item B<engine>
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Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation.
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=item B<errstr>
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Error Number to Error String Conversion.
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=item B<fipsinstall>
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FIPS configuration installation.
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=item B<gendsa>
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Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by
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L<openssl-genpkey(1)> and L<openssl-pkey(1)>.
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=item B<genpkey>
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Generation of Private Key or Parameters.
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=item B<genrsa>
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Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by L<openssl-genpkey(1)>.
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=item B<help>
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Display information about a command's options.
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=item B<info>
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Display diverse information built into the OpenSSL libraries.
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=item B<kdf>
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Key Derivation Functions.
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=item B<list>
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List algorithms and features.
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=item B<mac>
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Message Authentication Code Calculation.
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=item B<nseq>
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Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence.
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=item B<ocsp>
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Online Certificate Status Protocol command.
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=item B<passwd>
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Generation of hashed passwords.
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=item B<pkcs12>
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PKCS#12 Data Management.
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=item B<pkcs7>
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PKCS#7 Data Management.
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=item B<pkcs8>
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PKCS#8 format private key conversion command.
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=item B<pkey>
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Public and private key management.
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=item B<pkeyparam>
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Public key algorithm parameter management.
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=item B<pkeyutl>
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Public key algorithm cryptographic operation command.
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=item B<prime>
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Compute prime numbers.
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=item B<rand>
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Generate pseudo-random bytes.
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=item B<rehash>
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Create symbolic links to certificate and CRL files named by the hash values.
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=item B<req>
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PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
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=item B<rsa>
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RSA key management.
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=item B<rsautl>
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RSA command for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded
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by L<openssl-pkeyutl(1)>.
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=item B<s_client>
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This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent
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connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing
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purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but
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internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library.
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=item B<s_server>
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This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote
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clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides
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only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all
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functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library. It provides both an own command
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line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response
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facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.
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=item B<s_time>
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SSL Connection Timer.
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=item B<sess_id>
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SSL Session Data Management.
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=item B<smime>
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S/MIME mail processing.
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=item B<speed>
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Algorithm Speed Measurement.
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=item B<spkac>
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SPKAC printing and generating command.
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=item B<srp>
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Maintain SRP password file.
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=item B<storeutl>
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Command to list and display certificates, keys, CRLs, etc.
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=item B<ts>
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Time Stamping Authority command.
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=item B<verify>
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X.509 Certificate Verification.
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See also the L<openssl-verification-options(1)> manual page.
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=item B<version>
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OpenSSL Version Information.
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=item B<x509>
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X.509 Certificate Data Management.
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=back
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=head2 Message Digest Commands
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=over 4
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=item B<blake2b512>
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BLAKE2b-512 Digest
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=item B<blake2s256>
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BLAKE2s-256 Digest
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=item B<md2>
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MD2 Digest
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=item B<md4>
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MD4 Digest
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=item B<md5>
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MD5 Digest
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=item B<mdc2>
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MDC2 Digest
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=item B<rmd160>
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RMD-160 Digest
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=item B<sha1>
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SHA-1 Digest
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=item B<sha224>
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SHA-2 224 Digest
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=item B<sha256>
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SHA-2 256 Digest
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=item B<sha384>
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SHA-2 384 Digest
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=item B<sha512>
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SHA-2 512 Digest
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=item B<sha3-224>
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SHA-3 224 Digest
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=item B<sha3-256>
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SHA-3 256 Digest
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=item B<sha3-384>
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SHA-3 384 Digest
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=item B<sha3-512>
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SHA-3 512 Digest
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=item B<shake128>
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SHA-3 SHAKE128 Digest
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=item B<shake256>
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SHA-3 SHAKE256 Digest
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=item B<sm3>
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SM3 Digest
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=back
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=head2 Encryption, Decryption, and Encoding Commands
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The following aliases provide convenient access to the most used encodings
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and ciphers.
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Depending on how OpenSSL was configured and built, not all ciphers listed
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here may be present. See L<openssl-enc(1)> for more information.
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=over 4
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=item B<aes128>, B<aes-128-cbc>, B<aes-128-cfb>, B<aes-128-ctr>, B<aes-128-ecb>, B<aes-128-ofb>
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AES-128 Cipher
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=item B<aes192>, B<aes-192-cbc>, B<aes-192-cfb>, B<aes-192-ctr>, B<aes-192-ecb>, B<aes-192-ofb>
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AES-192 Cipher
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=item B<aes256>, B<aes-256-cbc>, B<aes-256-cfb>, B<aes-256-ctr>, B<aes-256-ecb>, B<aes-256-ofb>
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AES-256 Cipher
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=item B<aria128>, B<aria-128-cbc>, B<aria-128-cfb>, B<aria-128-ctr>, B<aria-128-ecb>, B<aria-128-ofb>
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Aria-128 Cipher
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=item B<aria192>, B<aria-192-cbc>, B<aria-192-cfb>, B<aria-192-ctr>, B<aria-192-ecb>, B<aria-192-ofb>
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Aria-192 Cipher
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=item B<aria256>, B<aria-256-cbc>, B<aria-256-cfb>, B<aria-256-ctr>, B<aria-256-ecb>, B<aria-256-ofb>
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Aria-256 Cipher
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=item B<base64>
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Base64 Encoding
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=item B<bf>, B<bf-cbc>, B<bf-cfb>, B<bf-ecb>, B<bf-ofb>
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Blowfish Cipher
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=item B<camellia128>, B<camellia-128-cbc>, B<camellia-128-cfb>, B<camellia-128-ctr>, B<camellia-128-ecb>, B<camellia-128-ofb>
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Camellia-128 Cipher
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=item B<camellia192>, B<camellia-192-cbc>, B<camellia-192-cfb>, B<camellia-192-ctr>, B<camellia-192-ecb>, B<camellia-192-ofb>
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Camellia-192 Cipher
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=item B<camellia256>, B<camellia-256-cbc>, B<camellia-256-cfb>, B<camellia-256-ctr>, B<camellia-256-ecb>, B<camellia-256-ofb>
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Camellia-256 Cipher
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=item B<cast>, B<cast-cbc>
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CAST Cipher
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=item B<cast5-cbc>, B<cast5-cfb>, B<cast5-ecb>, B<cast5-ofb>
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CAST5 Cipher
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=item B<chacha20>
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Chacha20 Cipher
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=item B<des>, B<des-cbc>, B<des-cfb>, B<des-ecb>, B<des-ede>, B<des-ede-cbc>, B<des-ede-cfb>, B<des-ede-ofb>, B<des-ofb>
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DES Cipher
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=item B<des3>, B<desx>, B<des-ede3>, B<des-ede3-cbc>, B<des-ede3-cfb>, B<des-ede3-ofb>
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Triple-DES Cipher
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=item B<idea>, B<idea-cbc>, B<idea-cfb>, B<idea-ecb>, B<idea-ofb>
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IDEA Cipher
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=item B<rc2>, B<rc2-cbc>, B<rc2-cfb>, B<rc2-ecb>, B<rc2-ofb>
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RC2 Cipher
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=item B<rc4>
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RC4 Cipher
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=item B<rc5>, B<rc5-cbc>, B<rc5-cfb>, B<rc5-ecb>, B<rc5-ofb>
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RC5 Cipher
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=item B<seed>, B<seed-cbc>, B<seed-cfb>, B<seed-ecb>, B<seed-ofb>
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SEED Cipher
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=item B<sm4>, B<sm4-cbc>, B<sm4-cfb>, B<sm4-ctr>, B<sm4-ecb>, B<sm4-ofb>
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SM4 Cipher
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=back
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=head1 OPTIONS
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Details of which options are available depend on the specific command.
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This section describes some common options with common behavior.
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=head2 Common Options
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=over 4
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=item B<-help>
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Provides a terse summary of all options.
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If an option takes an argument, the "type" of argument is also given.
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=item B<-->
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This terminates the list of options. It is mostly useful if any filename
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parameters start with a minus sign:
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openssl verify [flags...] -- -cert1.pem...
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=back
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=head2 Format Options
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See L<openssl-format-options(1)> for manual page.
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=head2 Pass Phrase Options
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See the L<openssl-passphrase-options(1)> manual page.
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=head2 Random State Options
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Prior to OpenSSL 1.1.1, it was common for applications to store information
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about the state of the random-number generator in a file that was loaded
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at startup and rewritten upon exit. On modern operating systems, this is
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generally no longer necessary as OpenSSL will seed itself from a trusted
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entropy source provided by the operating system. These flags are still
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supported for special platforms or circumstances that might require them.
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It is generally an error to use the same seed file more than once and
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every use of B<-rand> should be paired with B<-writerand>.
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=over 4
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=item B<-rand> I<files>
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A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
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generator.
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Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
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The separator is C<;> for MS-Windows, C<,> for OpenVMS, and C<:> for
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all others. Another way to specify multiple files is to repeat this flag
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with different filenames.
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=item B<-writerand> I<file>
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Writes the seed data to the specified I<file> upon exit.
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This file can be used in a subsequent command invocation.
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=back
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=head2 Certificate Verification Options
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See the L<openssl-verification-options(1)> manual page.
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=head2 Name Format Options
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See the L<openssl-namedisplay-options(1)> manual page.
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=head2 TLS Version Options
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Several commands use SSL, TLS, or DTLS. By default, the commands use TLS and
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clients will offer the lowest and highest protocol version they support,
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and servers will pick the highest version that the client offers that is also
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supported by the server.
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The options below can be used to limit which protocol versions are used,
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and whether TCP (SSL and TLS) or UDP (DTLS) is used.
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Note that not all protocols and flags may be available, depending on how
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OpenSSL was built.
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=over 4
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=item B<-ssl3>, B<-tls1>, B<-tls1_1>, B<-tls1_2>, B<-tls1_3>, B<-no_ssl3>, B<-no_tls1>, B<-no_tls1_1>, B<-no_tls1_2>, B<-no_tls1_3>
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These options require or disable the use of the specified SSL or TLS protocols.
|
|
When a specific TLS version is required, only that version will be offered or
|
|
accepted.
|
|
Only one specific protocol can be given and it cannot be combined with any of
|
|
the B<no_> options.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-dtls>, B<-dtls1>, B<-dtls1_2>
|
|
|
|
These options specify to use DTLS instead of DLTS.
|
|
With B<-dtls>, clients will negotiate any supported DTLS protocol version.
|
|
Use the B<-dtls1> or B<-dtls1_2> options to support only DTLS1.0 or DTLS1.2,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head2 Engine Options
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<-engine> I<id>
|
|
|
|
Load the engine identified by I<id> and use all the methods it implements
|
|
(algorithms, key storage, etc.), unless specified otherwise in the
|
|
command-specific documentation or it is configured to do so, as described in
|
|
L<config(5)/Engine Configuration>.
|
|
|
|
The engine will be used for key ids specified with B<-key> and similar
|
|
options when an option like B<-keyform engine> is given.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
Options specifying keys, like B<-key> and similar, can use the generic
|
|
OpenSSL engine key loading URI scheme C<org.openssl.engine:> to retrieve
|
|
private keys and public keys. The URI syntax is as follows, in simplified
|
|
form:
|
|
|
|
org.openssl.engine:{engineid}:{keyid}
|
|
|
|
Where C<{engineid}> is the identity/name of the engine, and C<{keyid}> is a
|
|
key identifier that's acceptable by that engine. For example, when using an
|
|
engine that interfaces against a PKCS#11 implementation, the generic key URI
|
|
would be something like this (this happens to be an example for the PKCS#11
|
|
engine that's part of OpenSC):
|
|
|
|
-key org.openssl.engine:pkcs11:label_some-private-key
|
|
|
|
As a third possibility, for engines and providers that have implemented
|
|
their own L<OSSL_STORE_LOADER(3)>, C<org.openssl.engine:> should not be
|
|
necessary. For a PKCS#11 implementation that has implemented such a loader,
|
|
the PKCS#11 URI as defined in RFC 7512 should be possible to use directly:
|
|
|
|
-key pkcs11:object=some-private-key;pin-value=1234
|
|
|
|
=head1 ENVIRONMENT
|
|
|
|
The OpenSSL library can be take some configuration parameters from the
|
|
environment. Some of these variables are listed below. For information
|
|
about specific commands, see L<openssl-engine(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-rehash(1)>, and L<tsget(1)>.
|
|
|
|
For information about the use of environment variables in configuration,
|
|
see L<config(5)/ENVIRONMENT>.
|
|
|
|
For information about querying or specifying CPU architecture flags, see
|
|
L<OPENSSL_ia32cap(3)>, and L<OPENSSL_s390xcap(3)>.
|
|
|
|
For information about all environment variables used by the OpenSSL libraries,
|
|
see L<openssl-env(7)>.
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<OPENSSL_TRACE=>I<name>[,...]
|
|
|
|
Enable tracing output of OpenSSL library, by name.
|
|
This output will only make sense if you know OpenSSL internals well.
|
|
Also, it might not give you any output at all, depending on how
|
|
OpenSSL was built.
|
|
|
|
The value is a comma separated list of names, with the following
|
|
available:
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<TRACE>
|
|
|
|
The tracing functionality.
|
|
|
|
=item B<TLS>
|
|
|
|
General SSL/TLS.
|
|
|
|
=item B<TLS_CIPHER>
|
|
|
|
SSL/TLS cipher.
|
|
|
|
=item B<CONF>
|
|
|
|
Show details about provider and engine configuration.
|
|
|
|
=item B<ENGINE_TABLE>
|
|
|
|
The function that is used by RSA, DSA (etc) code to select registered
|
|
ENGINEs, cache defaults and functional references (etc), will generate
|
|
debugging summaries.
|
|
|
|
=item B<ENGINE_REF_COUNT>
|
|
|
|
Reference counts in the ENGINE structure will be monitored with a line
|
|
of generated for each change.
|
|
|
|
=item B<PKCS5V2>
|
|
|
|
PKCS#5 v2 keygen.
|
|
|
|
=item B<PKCS12_KEYGEN>
|
|
|
|
PKCS#12 key generation.
|
|
|
|
=item B<PKCS12_DECRYPT>
|
|
|
|
PKCS#12 decryption.
|
|
|
|
=item B<X509V3_POLICY>
|
|
|
|
Generates the complete policy tree at various point during X.509 v3
|
|
policy evaluation.
|
|
|
|
=item B<BN_CTX>
|
|
|
|
BIGNUM context.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
L<openssl-asn1parse(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-ca(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-ciphers(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-cms(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-crl(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-crl2pkcs7(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-dgst(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-dhparam(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-dsa(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-dsaparam(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-ec(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-ecparam(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-enc(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-engine(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-errstr(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-gendsa(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-genpkey(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-genrsa(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-kdf(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-mac(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-nseq(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-ocsp(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-passwd(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-pkcs12(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-pkcs7(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-pkcs8(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-pkey(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-pkeyparam(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-pkeyutl(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-prime(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-rand(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-rehash(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-req(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-rsa(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-rsautl(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-s_client(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-s_server(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-s_time(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-sess_id(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-smime(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-speed(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-spkac(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-srp(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-storeutl(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-ts(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-verify(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-version(1)>,
|
|
L<openssl-x509(1)>,
|
|
L<config(5)>,
|
|
L<crypto(7)>,
|
|
L<openssl-env(7)>.
|
|
L<ssl(7)>,
|
|
L<x509v3_config(5)>
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 HISTORY
|
|
|
|
The B<list> -I<XXX>B<-algorithms> options were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0;
|
|
For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual
|
|
manual pages.
|
|
|
|
The B<-issuer_checks> option is deprecated as of OpenSSL 1.1.0 and
|
|
is silently ignored.
|
|
|
|
The B<-xcertform> and B<-xkeyform> options
|
|
are obsolete since OpenSSL 3.0 and have no effect.
|
|
|
|
The interactive mode, which could be invoked by running C<openssl>
|
|
with no further arguments, was removed in OpenSSL 3.0, and running
|
|
that program with no arguments is now equivalent to C<openssl help>.
|
|
|
|
=head1 COPYRIGHT
|
|
|
|
Copyright 2000-2020 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
|
|
|
|
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
|
|
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
|
|
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
|
|
L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
|
|
|
|
=cut
|