CI: add Clang 17

Signed-off-by: Sam James <sam@gentoo.org>

Reviewed-by: Hugo Landau <hlandau@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <pauli@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/22570)

.github/workflows/compiler-zoo.yml

@@ -75,6 +75,10 @@ jobs:
             cc: clang-16,
             distro: ubuntu-22.04,
             llvm-ppa-name: jammy
+          }, {
+            cc: clang-17,
+            distro: ubuntu-22.04,
+            llvm-ppa-name: jammy
           }
         ]
     # We set per-compiler now to allow testing with both older and newer sets