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doc: life-cycle descritpion for MACs

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Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/14522)
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=pod
=head1 NAME
life_cycle-mac - The MAC algorithm life-cycle
=head1 DESCRIPTION
All message authentication codes (MACs)
go through a number of stages in their life-cycle:
=over 4
=item start
This state represents the MAC before it has been allocated. It is the
starting state for any life-cycle transitions.
=item newed
This state represents the MAC after it has been allocated.
=item initialised
This state represents the MAC when it is set up and capable of processing
input.
=item updated
This state represents the MAC when it is set up and capable of processing
additional input or generating output.
=item finaled
This state represents the MAC when it has generated output.
=item freed
This state is entered when the MAC is freed. It is the terminal state
for all life-cycle transitions.
=back
=head2 State Transition Diagram
The usual life-cycle of a MAC is illustrated:
=begin man
+-------------------+
| start |
+-------------------+
|
| EVP_MAC_CTX_new
v
+-------------------+
| newed |
+-------------------+
|
| EVP_MAC_init
v
+-------------------+
+> | initialised | <+
| +-------------------+ |
| | |
| | EVP_MAC_update | EVP_MAC_init
| v |
EVP_MAC_init | +-------------------+ |
| | updated | -+
| +-------------------+
| |
| | EVP_MAC_final
| v
| +-------------------+
+- | finaled |
+-------------------+
|
| EVP_MAC_CTX_free
v
+-------------------+
| freed |
+-------------------+
=end man
=for html <img src="mac.png">
=head2 Formal State Transitions
This section defines all of the legal state transitions.
This is the canonical list.
=begin man
Function Call ------------- Current State -------------
start newed initialised updated finaled freed
EVP_MAC_CTX_new newed
EVP_MAC_init initialised initialised initialised initialised
EVP_MAC_update updated updated
EVP_MAC_final finaled
EVP_MAC_CTX_free freed freed freed freed freed
EVP_MAC_gettable_ctx_params newed initialised updated
EVP_MAC_settable_ctx_params newed initialised updated
EVP_MAC_CTX_gettable_params newed initialised updated
EVP_MAC_CTX_settable_params newed initialised updated
=end man
=begin html
<table style="border:1px solid; border-collapse:collapse">
<tr><th style="border:1px solid" align="left">Function Call</th>
<th style="border:1px solid" colspan="6">Current State</th></tr>
<tr><th style="border:1px solid"></th>
<th style="border:1px solid" align="center">start</th>
<th style="border:1px solid" align="center">newed</th>
<th style="border:1px solid" align="center">initialised</th>
<th style="border:1px solid" align="center">updated</th>
<th style="border:1px solid" align="center">finaled</th>
<th style="border:1px solid" align="center">freed</th></tr>
<tr><th style="border:1px solid" align="left">EVP_MAC_CTX_new</th>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">newed</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td></tr>
<tr><th style="border:1px solid" align="left">EVP_MAC_init</th>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">initialised</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">initialised</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">initialised</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">initialised</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td></tr>
<tr><th style="border:1px solid" align="left">EVP_MAC_update</th>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">updated</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">updated</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td></tr>
<tr><th style="border:1px solid" align="left">EVP_MAC_final</th>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">finaled</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td></tr>
<tr><th style="border:1px solid" align="left">EVP_MAC_CTX_free</th>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">freed</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">freed</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">freed</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">freed</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">freed</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td></tr>
<tr><th style="border:1px solid" align="left">EVP_MAC_gettable_ctx_params</th>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">newed</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">initialised</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">updated</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td></tr>
<tr><th style="border:1px solid" align="left">EVP_MAC_settable_ctx_params</th>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">newed</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">initialised</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">updated</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td></tr>
<tr><th style="border:1px solid" align="left">EVP_MAC_CTX_gettable_params</th>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">newed</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">initialised</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">updated</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td></tr>
<tr><th style="border:1px solid" align="left">EVP_MAC_CTX_settable_params</th>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">newed</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">initialised</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center">updated</td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td>
<td style="border:1px solid" align="center"></td></tr>
</table>
=end html
=head1 NOTES
At some point the EVP layer will begin enforcing the transitions described
herein.
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<provider-mac(7)>, L<EVP_MAC(3)>.
=head1 HISTORY
The provider MAC interface was introduced in OpenSSL 3.0.
=head1 COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
=cut

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