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760 lines
21 KiB
Groff
760 lines
21 KiB
Groff
.\" $OpenLDAP$
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.\" Copyright 2004-2007 The OpenLDAP Foundation All Rights Reserved.
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.\" Copying restrictions apply. See COPYRIGHT/LICENSE.
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.TH SLAPO_PPOLICY 5 "RELEASEDATE" "OpenLDAP LDVERSION"
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.SH NAME
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slapo-ppolicy \- Password Policy overlay to slapd
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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ETCDIR/slapd.conf
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.LP
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The
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.B ppolicy
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overlay
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is an implementation of the most recent IETF Password
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Policy proposal for LDAP. When instantiated, it intercepts,
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decodes and applies specific password policy controls to overall
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use of a backend database, changes to user password fields, etc.
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.P
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The overlay provides a variety of password control mechanisms. They
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include password aging--both minimum and maximum ages, password
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reuse and duplication control, account time-outs, mandatory password
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resets, acceptable password content, and even grace logins.
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Different groups of users may be associated with different password
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policies, and there is no limit to the number of password policies
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that may be created.
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.P
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Note that some of the policies do not take effect when the operation
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is performed with the
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.B rootdn
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identity; all the operations, when performed with any other identity,
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may be subjected to constraints, like access control.
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.P
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Note that the IETF Password Policy proposal for LDAP makes sense
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when considering a single-valued password attribute, while
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the userPassword attribute allows multiple values. This implementation
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enforces a single value for the userPassword attribute, despite
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its specification.
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.SH CONFIGURATION
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These
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.B slapd.conf
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configuration options apply to the ppolicy overlay. They should appear
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after the
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.B overlay
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directive.
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.TP
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.B ppolicy_default <policyDN>
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Specify the DN of the pwdPolicy object to use when no specific policy is
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set on a given user's entry. If there is no specific policy for an entry
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and no default is given, then no policies will be enforced.
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.TP
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.B ppolicy_hash_cleartext
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Specify that cleartext passwords present in Add and Modify requests should
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be hashed before being stored in the database. This violates the X.500/LDAP
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information model, but may be needed to compensate for LDAP clients that
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don't use the Password Modify extended operation to manage passwords. It
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is recommended that when this option is used that compare, search, and
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read access be denied to all directory users.
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.TP
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.B ppolicy_use_lockout
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A client will always receive an LDAP
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.B InvalidCredentials
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response when
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Binding to a locked account. By default, when a Password Policy control
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was provided on the Bind request, a Password Policy response will be
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included with no special error code set. This option changes the
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Password Policy response to include the
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.B AccountLocked
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error code. Note
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that sending the
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.B AccountLocked
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error code provides useful information
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to an attacker; sites that are sensitive to security issues should not
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enable this option.
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.SH OBJECT CLASS
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The
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.B ppolicy
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overlay depends on the
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.B pwdPolicy
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object class. The definition of that class is as follows:
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.2.1
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NAME 'pwdPolicy'
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AUXILIARY
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SUP top
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MUST ( pwdAttribute )
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MAY (
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pwdMinAge $ pwdMaxAge $ pwdInHistory $
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pwdCheckQuality $ pwdMinLength $
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pwdExpireWarning $ pwdGraceAuthnLimit $
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pwdLockout $ pwdLockoutDuration $
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pwdMaxFailure $ pwdFailureCountInterval $
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pwdMustChange $ pwdAllowUserChange $
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pwdSafeModify ) )
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.RE
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This implementation also provides an additional
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.B pwdPolicyChecker
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objectclass, used for password quality checking (see below).
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.4754.2.99.1
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NAME 'pwdPolicyChecker'
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AUXILIARY
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SUP top
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MAY ( pwdCheckModule ) )
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.RE
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.P
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Every account that should be subject to password policy control should
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have a
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.B
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pwdPolicySubentry
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attribute containing the DN of a valid
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.B pwdPolicy
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entry, or they can simply use the configured default.
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In this way different users may be managed according to
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different policies.
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.SH OBJECT CLASS ATTRIBUTES
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.P
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Each one of the sections below details the meaning and use of a particular
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attribute of this
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.B pwdPolicy
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object class.
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.P
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.B pwdAttribute
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.P
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This attribute contains the name of the attribute to which the password
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policy is applied. For example, the password policy may be applied
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to the
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.B userPassword
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attribute.
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.P
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Note: in this implementation, the only
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value accepted for
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.B pwdAttribute
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is
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.IR " userPassword ".
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.1
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NAME 'pwdAttribute'
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EQUALITY objectIdentifierMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.38 )
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.RE
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.B pwdMinAge
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.P
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This attribute contains the number of seconds that must elapse
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between modifications allowed to the password. If this attribute
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is not present, zero seconds is assumed (i.e. the password may be
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modified whenever and however often is desired).
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.2
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NAME 'pwdMinAge'
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EQUALITY integerMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdMaxAge
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.P
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This attribute contains the number of seconds after which a modified
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password will expire. If this attribute is not present, or if its
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value is zero (0), then passwords will not expire.
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.3
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NAME 'pwdMaxAge'
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EQUALITY integerMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdInHistory
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.P
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This attribute is used to specify the maximum number of used
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passwords that will be stored in the
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.B pwdHistory
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attribute. If the
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.B pwdInHistory
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attribute is not present, or if its value is
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zero (0), used passwords will not be stored in
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.B pwdHistory
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and thus any previously-used password may be reused.
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No history checking occurs if the password is being modified by the
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.BR rootdn ,
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although the password is saved in the history.
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.4
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NAME 'pwdInHistory'
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EQUALITY integerMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdCheckQuality
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.P
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This attribute indicates if and how password syntax will be checked
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while a password is being modified or added. If this attribute is
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not present, or its value is zero (0), no syntax checking will be
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done. If its value is one (1), the server will check the syntax,
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and if the server is unable to check the syntax,
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whether due to a client-side hashed password or some other reason,
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it will be
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accepted. If its value is two (2), the server will check the syntax,
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and if the server is unable to check the syntax it will return an
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error refusing the password.
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.5
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NAME 'pwdCheckQuality'
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EQUALITY integerMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdMinLength
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.P
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When syntax checking is enabled
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(see also the
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.B pwdCheckQuality
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attribute), this attribute contains the minimum
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number of characters that will be accepted in a password. If this
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attribute is not present, minimum password length is not
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enforced. If the server is unable to check the length of the password,
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whether due to a client-side hashed password or some other reason,
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the server will, depending on the
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value of
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.BR pwdCheckQuality ,
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either accept the password
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without checking it (if
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.B pwdCheckQuality
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is zero (0) or one (1)) or refuse it (if
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.B pwdCheckQuality
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is two (2)).
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.6
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NAME 'pwdMinLength'
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EQUALITY integerMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdExpireWarning
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.P
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This attribute contains the maximum number of seconds before a
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password is due to expire that expiration warning messages will be
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returned to a user who is authenticating to the directory.
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If this attribute is not
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present, or if the value is zero (0), no warnings will be sent.
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.7
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NAME 'pwdExpireWarning'
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EQUALITY integerMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdGraceAuthnLimit
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.P
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This attribute contains the number of times that an expired password
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may be used to authenticate a user to the directory. If this
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attribute is not present or if its value is zero (0), users with
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expired passwords will not be allowed to authenticate to the
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directory.
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.8
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NAME 'pwdGraceAuthnLimit'
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EQUALITY integerMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdLockout
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.P
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This attribute specifies the action that should be taken
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by the directory when a user has made a number of failed attempts
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to authenticate to the directory. If
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.B pwdLockout
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is set (its value is "TRUE"), the user will not be allowed to
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attempt to authenticate to the directory after there have been a
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specified number of consecutive failed bind attempts. The maximum
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number of consecutive failed bind attempts allowed is specified by
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the
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.B pwdMaxFailure
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attribute. If
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.B pwdLockout
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is not present, or if its value is "FALSE", the password may be
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used to authenticate no matter how many consecutive failed bind
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attempts have been made.
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.9
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NAME 'pwdLockout'
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EQUALITY booleanMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdLockoutDuration
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.P
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This attribute contains the number of seconds during
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which the password cannot be used to authenticate the
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user to the directory due to too many consecutive failed
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bind attempts.
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(See also
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.B pwdLockout
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and
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.BR pwdMaxFailure .)
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If
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.B pwdLockoutDuration
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is not present, or if its value is zero (0), the password
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cannot be used to authenticate the user to the directory
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again until it is reset by an administrator.
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.10
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NAME 'pwdLockoutDuration'
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EQUALITY integerMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdMaxFailure
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.P
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This attribute contains the number of consecutive failed bind
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attempts after which the password may not be used to authenticate
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a user to the directory.
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If
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.B pwdMaxFailure
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is not present, or its value is zero (0), then a user will
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be allowed to continue to attempt to authenticate to
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the directory, no matter how many consecutive failed
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bind attempts have occurred with that user's DN.
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(See also
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.B pwdLockout
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and
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.BR pwdLockoutDuration .)
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.11
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NAME 'pwdMaxFailure'
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EQUALITY integerMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdFailureCountInterval
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.P
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This attribute contains the number of seconds after which old
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consecutive failed bind attempts are purged from the failure counter,
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even though no successful authentication has occurred.
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If
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.B pwdFailureCountInterval
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is not present, or its value is zero (0), the failure
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counter will only be reset by a successful authentication.
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.12
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NAME 'pwdFailureCountInterval'
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EQUALITY integerMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdMustChange
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.P
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This attribute specifies whether users must change their passwords
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when they first bind to the directory after a password is set or
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reset by the administrator, or not. If
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.B pwdMustChange
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has a value of "TRUE", users must change their passwords when they
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first bind to the directory after a password is set or reset by
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the administrator. If
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.B pwdMustChange
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is not present, or its value is "FALSE",
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users are not required to change their password upon binding after
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the administrator sets or resets the password.
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.13
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NAME 'pwdMustChange'
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EQUALITY booleanMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdAllowUserChange
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.P
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This attribute specifies whether users are allowed to change their own
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passwords or not. If
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.B pwdAllowUserChange
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is set to "TRUE", or if the attribute is not present, users will be
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allowed to change their own passwords. If its value is "FALSE",
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users will not be allowed to change their own passwords.
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.14
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NAME 'pwdAllowUserChange'
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EQUALITY booleanMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdSafeModify
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.P
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This attribute denotes whether the user's existing password must be sent
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along with their new password when changing a password. If
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.B pwdSafeModify
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is set to "TRUE", the existing password must be sent
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along with the new password. If the attribute is not present, or
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its value is "FALSE", the existing password need not be sent
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along with the new password.
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.15
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NAME 'pwdSafeModify'
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EQUALITY booleanMatch
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.B pwdCheckModule
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.P
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This attribute names a user-defined loadable module that must
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instantiate the check_password() function. This function
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will be called to further check a new password if
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.B pwdCheckQuality
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is set to one (1) or two (2),
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after all of the built-in password compliance checks have
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been passed. This function will be called according to this
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function prototype:
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.RS 4
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int
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.I check_password
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(char *pPasswd, char **ppErrStr, Entry *pEntry);
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.RE
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The
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.B pPasswd
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parameter contains the clear-text user password, the
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.B ppErrStr
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parameter contains a double pointer that allows the function
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to return human-readable details about any error it encounters.
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The optional
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.B pEntry
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parameter, if non-NULL, carries a pointer to the
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entry whose password is being checked.
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If
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.B ppErrStr
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is NULL, then
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.I funcName
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must NOT attempt to use it/them.
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A return value of LDAP_SUCCESS from the called
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function indicates that the password is ok, any other value
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indicates that the password is unacceptable. If the password is
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unacceptable, the server will return an error to the client, and
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.B ppErrStr
|
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may be used to return a human-readable textual explanation of the
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error. The error string must be dynamically allocated as it will
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be free()'d by slapd.
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.LP
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.RS 4
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.4754.1.99.1
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NAME 'pwdCheckModule'
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EQUALITY caseExactIA5Match
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SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.26
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SINGLE-VALUE )
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.RE
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.P
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Note:
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The user-defined loadable module named by
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.B pwdCheckModule
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must be in
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.B slapd's
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standard executable search PATH.
|
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.P
|
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Note:
|
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.B pwdCheckModule
|
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is a non-standard extension to the LDAP password
|
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policy proposal.
|
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|
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.SH OPERATIONAL ATTRIBUTES
|
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.P
|
|
The operational attributes used by the
|
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.B passwd_policy
|
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module are stored in the user's entry. Most of these attributes
|
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are not intended to be changed directly by users; they are there
|
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to track user activity. They have been detailed here so that
|
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administrators and users can both understand the workings of
|
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the
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.B ppolicy
|
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module.
|
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.B userPassword
|
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.P
|
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The
|
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.B userPassword
|
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attribute is not strictly part of the
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.B ppolicy
|
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module. It is, however, the attribute that is tracked and controlled
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by the module. Please refer to the standard OpenLDAP schema for
|
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its definition.
|
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|
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.B pwdPolicySubentry
|
|
.P
|
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This attribute refers directly to the
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.B pwdPolicy
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subentry that is to be used for this particular directory user.
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If
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.B pwdPolicySubentry
|
|
exists, it must contain the DN of a valid
|
|
.B pwdPolicy
|
|
object. If it does not exist, the
|
|
.B ppolicy
|
|
module will enforce the default password policy rules on the
|
|
user associated with this authenticating DN. If there is no
|
|
default, or the referenced subentry does not exist, then no
|
|
policy rules will be enforced.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.23
|
|
NAME 'pwdPolicySubentry'
|
|
DESC 'The pwdPolicy subentry in effect for
|
|
this object'
|
|
EQUALITY distinguishedNameMatch
|
|
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.12
|
|
SINGLE-VALUE
|
|
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
|
|
USAGE directoryOperation)
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.B pwdChangedTime
|
|
.P
|
|
This attribute denotes the last time that the entry's password was
|
|
changed. This value is used by the password expiration policy to
|
|
determine whether the password is too old to be allowed to be used
|
|
for user authentication. If
|
|
.B pwdChangedTime
|
|
does not exist, the user's password will not expire.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.16
|
|
NAME 'pwdChangedTime'
|
|
DESC 'The time the password was last changed'
|
|
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24
|
|
EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
|
|
ORDERING generalizedTimeOrderingMatch
|
|
SINGLE-VALUE
|
|
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
|
|
USAGE directoryOperation)
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.B pwdAccountLockedTime
|
|
.P
|
|
This attribute contains the time that the user's account was locked.
|
|
If the account has been locked, the password may no longer be used to
|
|
authenticate the user to the directory. If
|
|
.B pwdAccountLockedTime
|
|
is set to 000001010000Z, the user's account has been permanently locked
|
|
and may only be unlocked by an administrator.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.17
|
|
NAME 'pwdAccountLockedTime'
|
|
DESC 'The time an user account was locked'
|
|
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24
|
|
EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
|
|
ORDERING generalizedTimeOrderingMatch
|
|
SINGLE-VALUE
|
|
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
|
|
USAGE directoryOperation)
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.B pwdFailureTime
|
|
.P
|
|
This attribute contains the timestamps of each of the consecutive
|
|
authentication failures made upon attempted authentication to this
|
|
DN (i.e. account). If too many timestamps accumulate here (refer to
|
|
the
|
|
.B pwdMaxFailure
|
|
password policy attribute for details),
|
|
and the
|
|
.B pwdLockout
|
|
password policy attribute is set to "TRUE", the
|
|
account may be locked.
|
|
(Please also refer to the
|
|
.B pwdLockout
|
|
password policy attribute.)
|
|
Excess timestamps beyond those allowed by
|
|
.B pwdMaxFailure
|
|
may also be purged. If a successful authentication is made to this
|
|
DN (i.e. to this user account), then
|
|
.B pwdFailureTime
|
|
will be cleansed of entries.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.19
|
|
NAME 'pwdFailureTime'
|
|
DESC 'The timestamps of the last consecutive
|
|
authentication failures'
|
|
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24
|
|
EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
|
|
ORDERING generalizedTimeOrderingMatch
|
|
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
|
|
USAGE directoryOperation )
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.B pwdHistory
|
|
.P
|
|
This attribute contains the history of previously used passwords
|
|
for this DN (i.e. for this user account).
|
|
The values of this attribute are stored in string format as follows:
|
|
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
|
|
pwdHistory=
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
time "#" syntaxOID "#" length "#" data
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
time=
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
GeneralizedTime as specified in section 3.3.13 of [RFC4517]
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.P
|
|
syntaxOID = numericoid
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
This is the string representation of the dotted-decimal OID that
|
|
defines the syntax used to store the password. numericoid is
|
|
described in section 1.4 of [RFC4512].
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
length = NumericString
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
The number of octets in the data. NumericString is described in
|
|
section 3.3.23 of [RFC4517].
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
data =
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
Octets representing the password in the format specified by syntaxOID.
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
This format allows the server to store and transmit a history of
|
|
passwords that have been used. In order for equality matching
|
|
on the values in this attribute to function properly, the time
|
|
field is in GMT format.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.20
|
|
NAME 'pwdHistory'
|
|
DESC 'The history of user passwords'
|
|
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.40
|
|
EQUALITY octetStringMatch
|
|
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
|
|
USAGE directoryOperation)
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.B pwdGraceUseTime
|
|
This attribute contains the list of timestamps of logins made after
|
|
the user password in the DN has expired. These post-expiration
|
|
logins are known as "\fIgrace logins\fP".
|
|
If too many
|
|
.I grace logins
|
|
have been used (please refer to the
|
|
.B pwdGraceLoginLimit
|
|
password policy attribute), then the DN will no longer be allowed
|
|
to be used to authenticate the user to the directory until the
|
|
administrator changes the DN's
|
|
.B userPassword
|
|
attribute.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.21
|
|
NAME 'pwdGraceUseTime'
|
|
DESC 'The timestamps of the grace login once the password has expired'
|
|
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24
|
|
EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
|
|
NO-USER-MODIFICATION
|
|
USAGE directoryOperation)
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.B pwdReset
|
|
.P
|
|
This attribute indicates whether the user's password has been reset
|
|
by the administrator and thus must be changed upon first use of this
|
|
DN for authentication to the directory. If
|
|
.B pwdReset
|
|
is set to "TRUE", then the password was reset and the user must change
|
|
it upon first authentication. If the attribute does not exist, or
|
|
is set to "FALSE", the user need not change their password due to
|
|
administrative reset.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.8.1.22
|
|
NAME 'pwdReset'
|
|
DESC 'The indication that the password has
|
|
been reset'
|
|
EQUALITY booleanMatch
|
|
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
|
|
SINGLE-VALUE
|
|
USAGE directoryOperation)
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.SH EXAMPLES
|
|
.LP
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
database bdb
|
|
suffix dc=example,dc=com
|
|
\...
|
|
overlay ppolicy
|
|
ppolicy_default "cn=Standard,ou=Policies,dc=example,dc=com"
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
.BR ldap (3),
|
|
.BR slapd.conf (5),
|
|
.LP
|
|
"OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide" (http://www.OpenLDAP.org/doc/admin/)
|
|
.LP
|
|
IETF LDAP password policy proposal by P. Behera, L. Poitou and J.
|
|
Sermersheim: documented in IETF document
|
|
"draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-09.txt".
|
|
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
The LDAP Password Policy specification is not yet an approved standard,
|
|
and it is still evolving. This code will continue to be in flux until the
|
|
specification is finalized.
|
|
|
|
.SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
|
|
.P
|
|
This module was written in 2004 by Howard Chu of Symas Corporation
|
|
with significant input from Neil Dunbar and Kartik Subbarao of Hewlett-Packard.
|
|
.P
|
|
This manual page borrows heavily and shamelessly from the specification
|
|
upon which the password policy module it describes is based. This
|
|
source is the
|
|
IETF LDAP password policy proposal by P. Behera, L.
|
|
Poitou and J. Sermersheim.
|
|
The proposal is fully documented in
|
|
the
|
|
IETF document named draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-09.txt,
|
|
written in July of 2005.
|
|
.P
|
|
.so ../Project
|