openldap/clients/tools/common.c

/* common.c - common routines for the ldap client tools */
/* $OpenLDAP$ */
/* This work is part of OpenLDAP Software <http://www.openldap.org/>.
 *
 * Copyright 1998-2005 The OpenLDAP Foundation.
 * Portions Copyright 2003 Kurt D. Zeilenga.
 * Portions Copyright 2003 IBM Corporation.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted only as authorized by the OpenLDAP
 * Public License.
 *
 * A copy of this license is available in the file LICENSE in the
 * top-level directory of the distribution or, alternatively, at
 * <http://www.OpenLDAP.org/license.html>.
 */
/* ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
 * This file was initially created by Hallvard B. Furuseth based (in
 * part) upon argument parsing code for individual tools located in
 * this directory.   Additional contributors include:
 *   Kurt D. Zeilenga (additional common argument and control support)
 */

#include "portable.h"

#include <stdio.h>

#include <ac/stdlib.h>
#include <ac/signal.h>
#include <ac/string.h>
#include <ac/unistd.h>
#include <ac/errno.h>

#include <ldap.h>

#include "lutil_ldap.h"
#include "ldap_defaults.h"
#include "ldap_pvt.h"
#include "lber_pvt.h"

#include "common.h"


int   authmethod = -1;
char *binddn = NULL;
int   contoper = 0;
int   debug = 0;
char *infile = NULL;
char *ldapuri = NULL;
char *ldaphost = NULL;
int   ldapport = 0;
#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
unsigned sasl_flags = LDAP_SASL_AUTOMATIC;
char	*sasl_realm = NULL;
char	*sasl_authc_id = NULL;
char	*sasl_authz_id = NULL;
char	*sasl_mech = NULL;
char	*sasl_secprops = NULL;
#endif
int   use_tls = 0;

int	  assertctl;
char *assertion = NULL;
char *authzid = NULL;
int   manageDSAit = 0;
int   noop = 0;
int   ppolicy = 0;
int   preread = 0;
char *preread_attrs = NULL;
int   postread = 0;
char *postread_attrs = NULL;

int   not = 0;
int   want_bindpw = 0;
struct berval passwd = { 0, NULL };
char *pw_file = NULL;
int   referrals = 0;
int   protocol = -1;
int   verbose = 0;
int   version = 0;

/* Set in main() */
char *prog = NULL;

void
tool_init( void )
{
	ldap_pvt_setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "");
	ldap_pvt_bindtextdomain(OPENLDAP_PACKAGE, LDAP_LOCALEDIR);
	ldap_pvt_textdomain(OPENLDAP_PACKAGE);
}

void
tool_common_usage( void )
{
	static const char *const descriptions[] = {
N_("  -c         continuous operation mode (do not stop on errors)\n"),
N_("  -C         chase referrals (anonymously)\n"),
N_("  -d level   set LDAP debugging level to `level'\n"),
N_("  -D binddn  bind DN\n"),
N_("  -e [!]<ext>[=<extparam>] general extensions (! indicates criticality)\n")
N_("             [!]assert=<filter>     (an RFC 2254 Filter)\n")
N_("             [!]authzid=<authzid>   (\"dn:<dn>\" or \"u:<user>\")\n")
N_("             [!]manageDSAit\n")
N_("             [!]noop\n")
#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST
N_("             ppolicy\n")
#endif
N_("             [!]postread[=<attrs>]  (a comma-separated attribute list)\n")
N_("             [!]preread[=<attrs>]   (a comma-separated attribute list)\n"),
N_("  -f file    read operations from `file'\n"),
N_("  -h host    LDAP server\n"),
N_("  -H URI     LDAP Uniform Resource Indentifier(s)\n"),
N_("  -I         use SASL Interactive mode\n"),
N_("  -k         use Kerberos authentication\n"),
N_("  -K         like -k, but do only step 1 of the Kerberos bind\n"),
N_("  -M         enable Manage DSA IT control (-MM to make critical)\n"),
N_("  -n         show what would be done but don't actually do it\n"),
N_("  -O props   SASL security properties\n"),
N_("  -p port    port on LDAP server\n"),
N_("  -P version procotol version (default: 3)\n"),
N_("  -Q         use SASL Quiet mode\n"),
N_("  -R realm   SASL realm\n"),
N_("  -U authcid SASL authentication identity\n"),
N_("  -v         run in verbose mode (diagnostics to standard output)\n"),
N_("  -V         print version info (-VV only)\n"),
N_("  -w passwd  bind password (for simple authentication)\n"),
N_("  -W         prompt for bind password\n"),
N_("  -x         Simple authentication\n"),
N_("  -X authzid SASL authorization identity (\"dn:<dn>\" or \"u:<user>\")\n"),
N_("  -y file    Read password from file\n"),
N_("  -Y mech    SASL mechanism\n"),
N_("  -Z         Start TLS request (-ZZ to require successful response)\n"),
NULL
	};
	const char *const *cpp;

	fputs( _("Common options:\n"), stderr );
	for( cpp = descriptions; *cpp != NULL; cpp++ ) {
		if( strchr( options, (*cpp)[3] ) || (*cpp)[3] == ' ' ) {
			fputs( _(*cpp), stderr );
		}
	}
}


void
tool_args( int argc, char **argv )
{
	int i;

	while (( i = getopt( argc, argv, options )) != EOF ) {
		int crit, ival;
		char *control, *cvalue, *next;
		switch( i ) {
		case 'c':	/* continuous operation mode */
			contoper++;
			break;
		case 'C':
			referrals++;
			break;
		case 'd':
			ival = strtol( optarg, &next, 10 );
			if (next == NULL || next[0] != '\0') {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: unable to parse debug value \"%s\"\n", prog, optarg);
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}
			debug |= ival;
			break;
		case 'D':	/* bind DN */
			if( binddn != NULL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -D previously specified\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			binddn = ber_strdup( optarg );
			break;
		case 'e': /* general extensions (controls and such) */
			/* should be extended to support comma separated list of
			 *	[!]key[=value] parameters, e.g.  -e !foo,bar=567
			 */

			crit = 0;
			cvalue = NULL;
			if( optarg[0] == '!' ) {
				crit = 1;
				optarg++;
			}

			control = ber_strdup( optarg );
			if ( (cvalue = strchr( control, '=' )) != NULL ) {
				*cvalue++ = '\0';
			}

			if ( strcasecmp( control, "assert" ) == 0 ) {
				if( assertctl ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "assert control previously specified\n");
					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
				}
				if( cvalue == NULL ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "assert: control value expected\n" );
					usage();
				}

				assertctl = 1 + crit;

				assert( assertion == NULL );
				assertion = cvalue;

			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "authzid" ) == 0 ) {
				if( authzid != NULL ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "authzid control previously specified\n");
					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
				}
				if( cvalue == NULL ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "authzid: control value expected\n" );
					usage();
				}
				if( !crit ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "authzid: must be marked critical\n" );
					usage();
				}

				assert( authzid == NULL );
				authzid = cvalue;

			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "manageDSAit" ) == 0 ) {
				if( manageDSAit ) {
					fprintf( stderr,
						"manageDSAit control previously specified\n");
					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
				}
				if( cvalue != NULL ) {
					fprintf( stderr,
						"manageDSAit: no control value expected\n" );
					usage();
				}

				manageDSAit = 1 + crit;

			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "noop" ) == 0 ) {
				if( noop ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "noop control previously specified\n");
					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
				}
				if( cvalue != NULL ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "noop: no control value expected\n" );
					usage();
				}

				noop = 1 + crit;

#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST
			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "ppolicy" ) == 0 ) {
				if( ppolicy ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "ppolicy control previously specified\n");
					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
				}
				if( cvalue != NULL ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "ppolicy: no control value expected\n" );
					usage();
				}
				if( crit ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "ppolicy: critical flag not allowed\n" );
					usage();
				}

				ppolicy = 1;
#endif

			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "preread" ) == 0 ) {
				if( preread ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "preread control previously specified\n");
					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
				}

				preread = 1 + crit;
				preread_attrs = cvalue;

			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "postread" ) == 0 ) {
				if( postread ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "postread control previously specified\n");
					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
				}

				postread = 1 + crit;
				postread_attrs = cvalue;

			} else {
				fprintf( stderr, "Invalid general control name: %s\n",
					control );
				usage();
			}
			break;
		case 'f':	/* read from file */
			if( infile != NULL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -f previously specified\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			infile = ber_strdup( optarg );
			break;
		case 'h':	/* ldap host */
			if( ldaphost != NULL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -h previously specified\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			ldaphost = ber_strdup( optarg );
			break;
		case 'H':	/* ldap URI */
			if( ldapuri != NULL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -H previously specified\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			ldapuri = ber_strdup( optarg );
			break;
		case 'I':
#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: incompatible previous "
					"authentication choice\n",
					prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
			sasl_flags = LDAP_SASL_INTERACTIVE;
			break;
#else
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: was not compiled with SASL support\n",
				prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
#endif
		case 'k':	/* kerberos bind */
#ifdef LDAP_API_FEATURE_X_OPENLDAP_V2_KBIND
			if( authmethod != -1 ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -k incompatible with previous "
					"authentication choice\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_KRBV4;
#else
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with Kerberos support\n", prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
#endif
			break;
		case 'K':	/* kerberos bind, part one only */
#ifdef LDAP_API_FEATURE_X_OPENLDAP_V2_KBIND
			if( authmethod != -1 ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: incompatible with previous "
					"authentication choice\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_KRBV41;
#else
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with Kerberos support\n", prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
#endif
			break;
		case 'M':
			/* enable Manage DSA IT */
			manageDSAit++;
			break;
		case 'n':	/* print operations, don't actually do them */
			not++;
			break;
		case 'O':
#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
			if( sasl_secprops != NULL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -O previously specified\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: incompatible previous "
					"authentication choice\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
			sasl_secprops = ber_strdup( optarg );
#else
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n", prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
#endif
			break;
		case 'p':
			if( ldapport ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -p previously specified\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			ival = strtol( optarg, &next, 10 );
			if ( next == NULL || next[0] != '\0' ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: unable to parse port number \"%s\"\n", prog, optarg );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			ldapport = ival;
			break;
		case 'P':
			ival = strtol( optarg, &next, 10 );
			if ( next == NULL || next[0] != '\0' ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: unabel to parse protocol version \"%s\"\n", prog, optarg );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			switch( ival ) {
			case 2:
				if( protocol == LDAP_VERSION3 ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "%s: -P 2 incompatible with version %d\n",
						prog, protocol );
					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
				}
				protocol = LDAP_VERSION2;
				break;
			case 3:
				if( protocol == LDAP_VERSION2 ) {
					fprintf( stderr, "%s: -P 2 incompatible with version %d\n",
						prog, protocol );
					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
				}
				protocol = LDAP_VERSION3;
				break;
			default:
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: protocol version should be 2 or 3\n",
					prog );
				usage();
			}
			break;
		case 'Q':
#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: incompatible previous "
					"authentication choice\n",
					prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
			sasl_flags = LDAP_SASL_QUIET;
			break;
#else
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n",
				prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
#endif
		case 'R':
#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
			if( sasl_realm != NULL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -R previously specified\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: incompatible previous "
					"authentication choice\n",
					prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
			sasl_realm = ber_strdup( optarg );
#else
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n",
				prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
#endif
			break;
		case 'U':
#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
			if( sasl_authc_id != NULL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -U previously specified\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: incompatible previous "
					"authentication choice\n",
					prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
			sasl_authc_id = ber_strdup( optarg );
#else
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n",
				prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
#endif
			break;
		case 'v':	/* verbose mode */
			verbose++;
			break;
		case 'V':	/* version */
			version++;
			break;
		case 'w':	/* password */
			passwd.bv_val = ber_strdup( optarg );
			{
				char* p;

				for( p = optarg; *p != '\0'; p++ ) {
					*p = '\0';
				}
			}
			passwd.bv_len = strlen( passwd.bv_val );
			break;
		case 'W':
			want_bindpw++;
			break;
		case 'y':
			pw_file = optarg;
			break;
		case 'Y':
#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
			if( sasl_mech != NULL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -Y previously specified\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
				fprintf( stderr,
					"%s: incompatible with authentication choice\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
			sasl_mech = ber_strdup( optarg );
#else
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n", prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
#endif
			break;
		case 'x':
			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SIMPLE ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: incompatible with previous "
					"authentication choice\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SIMPLE;
			break;
		case 'X':
#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
			if( sasl_authz_id != NULL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -X previously specified\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -X incompatible with "
					"authentication choice\n", prog );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
			sasl_authz_id = ber_strdup( optarg );
#else
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n", prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
#endif
			break;
		case 'Z':
#ifdef HAVE_TLS
			use_tls++;
#else
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with TLS support\n", prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
#endif
			break;
		default:
			if( handle_private_option( i ) ) break;
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: unrecognized option -%c\n",
				prog, optopt );
			usage();
		}
	}

	{
		/* prevent bad linking */
		LDAPAPIInfo api;
		api.ldapai_info_version = LDAP_API_INFO_VERSION;

		if ( ldap_get_option(NULL, LDAP_OPT_API_INFO, &api)
			!= LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS )
		{
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: ldap_get_option(API_INFO) failed\n", prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		if (api.ldapai_info_version != LDAP_API_INFO_VERSION) {
			fprintf( stderr, "LDAP APIInfo version mismatch: "
				"got %d, expected %d\n",
				api.ldapai_info_version, LDAP_API_INFO_VERSION );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		if( api.ldapai_api_version != LDAP_API_VERSION ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "LDAP API version mismatch: "
				"got %d, expected %d\n",
				api.ldapai_api_version, LDAP_API_VERSION );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		if( strcmp(api.ldapai_vendor_name, LDAP_VENDOR_NAME ) != 0 ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "LDAP vendor name mismatch: "
				"got %s, expected %s\n",
				api.ldapai_vendor_name, LDAP_VENDOR_NAME );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		if( api.ldapai_vendor_version != LDAP_VENDOR_VERSION ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "LDAP vendor version mismatch: "
				"got %d, expected %d\n",
				api.ldapai_vendor_version, LDAP_VENDOR_VERSION );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		if (version) {
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: %s\t(LDAP library: %s %d)\n",
				prog, __Version,
				LDAP_VENDOR_NAME, LDAP_VENDOR_VERSION );
			if (version > 1) exit( EXIT_SUCCESS );
		}
	}

	if (protocol == -1)
		protocol = LDAP_VERSION3;

	if (authmethod == -1 && protocol > LDAP_VERSION2) {
#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
		authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
#else
		authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SIMPLE;
#endif
	}

	if( ldapuri == NULL ) {
		if( ldapport && ( ldaphost == NULL )) {
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: -p without -h is invalid.\n", prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}
	} else {
		if( ldaphost != NULL ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: -H incompatible with -h\n", prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}
		if( ldapport ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: -H incompatible with -p\n", prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}
	}
	if( protocol == LDAP_VERSION2 ) {
		if( authzid || manageDSAit || noop || ppolicy ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: -e/-M incompatible with LDAPv2\n", prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}
#ifdef HAVE_TLS
		if( use_tls ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: -Z incompatible with LDAPv2\n", prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
		if( authmethod == LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: -[IOQRUXY] incompatible with LDAPv2\n",
				prog );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}
#endif
	} else {
#ifdef LDAP_API_FEATURE_X_OPENLDAP_V2_KBIND
		if ( authmethod == LDAP_AUTH_KRBV4 || authmethod == LDAP_AUTH_KRBV41 ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "%s: -k/-K incompatible with LDAPv%d\n",
				prog, protocol );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}
#endif
	}
}


LDAP *
tool_conn_setup( int not, void (*private_setup)( LDAP * ) )
{
	LDAP *ld = NULL;

	if ( debug ) {
		if( ber_set_option( NULL, LBER_OPT_DEBUG_LEVEL, &debug )
			!= LBER_OPT_SUCCESS )
		{
			fprintf( stderr,
				"Could not set LBER_OPT_DEBUG_LEVEL %d\n", debug );
		}
		if( ldap_set_option( NULL, LDAP_OPT_DEBUG_LEVEL, &debug )
			!= LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS )
		{
			fprintf( stderr,
				"Could not set LDAP_OPT_DEBUG_LEVEL %d\n", debug );
		}
	}

#ifdef SIGPIPE
	(void) SIGNAL( SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN );
#endif

	if ( !not ) {
		int rc;

		if( ( ldaphost != NULL || ldapport ) && ( ldapuri == NULL ) ) {
			/* construct URL */
			LDAPURLDesc url;
			memset( &url, 0, sizeof(url));

			url.lud_scheme = "ldap";
			url.lud_host = ldaphost;
			url.lud_port = ldapport;
			url.lud_scope = LDAP_SCOPE_DEFAULT;

			ldapuri = ldap_url_desc2str( &url );
		}

		if ( verbose ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "ldap_initialize( %s )\n",
				ldapuri != NULL ? ldapuri : "<DEFAULT>" );
		}
		rc = ldap_initialize( &ld, ldapuri );
		if( rc != LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
			fprintf( stderr,
				"Could not create LDAP session handle for URI=%s (%d): %s\n",
				ldapuri, rc, ldap_err2string(rc) );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		if( private_setup ) private_setup( ld );

		/* referrals */
		if( ldap_set_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_REFERRALS,
			referrals ? LDAP_OPT_ON : LDAP_OPT_OFF ) != LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS )
		{
			fprintf( stderr, "Could not set LDAP_OPT_REFERRALS %s\n",
				referrals ? "on" : "off" );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		if( ldap_set_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION, &protocol )
			!= LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS )
		{
			fprintf( stderr, "Could not set LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION %d\n",
				protocol );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		if ( use_tls &&
			( ldap_start_tls_s( ld, NULL, NULL ) != LDAP_SUCCESS ))
		{
			ldap_perror( ld, "ldap_start_tls" );
			if ( use_tls > 1 ) {
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
		}
	}

	return ld;
}


void
tool_bind( LDAP *ld )
{
#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST
	if ( ppolicy ) {
		LDAPControl *ctrls[2], c;
		c.ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST;
		c.ldctl_value.bv_val = NULL;
		c.ldctl_value.bv_len = 0;
		c.ldctl_iscritical = 0;
		ctrls[0] = &c;
		ctrls[1] = NULL;
		ldap_set_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_SERVER_CONTROLS, ctrls );
	}
#endif

	if ( authmethod == LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
		void *defaults;
		int rc;

		if( sasl_secprops != NULL ) {
			rc = ldap_set_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_X_SASL_SECPROPS,
				(void *) sasl_secprops );

			if( rc != LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS ) {
				fprintf( stderr,
					"Could not set LDAP_OPT_X_SASL_SECPROPS: %s\n",
					sasl_secprops );
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
		}

		defaults = lutil_sasl_defaults( ld,
			sasl_mech,
			sasl_realm,
			sasl_authc_id,
			passwd.bv_val,
			sasl_authz_id );

		rc = ldap_sasl_interactive_bind_s( ld, binddn,
			sasl_mech, NULL, NULL,
			sasl_flags, lutil_sasl_interact, defaults );

		lutil_sasl_freedefs( defaults );
		if( rc != LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
			ldap_perror( ld, "ldap_sasl_interactive_bind_s" );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}
#else
		fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n",
			prog );
		exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
#endif
	} else {
		int msgid, err;
		LDAPMessage *result;
		LDAPControl **ctrls;
		char msgbuf[256];

		msgbuf[0] = 0;

		if (( msgid = ldap_bind( ld, binddn, passwd.bv_val, authmethod )) == -1 )
		{
			ldap_perror( ld, "ldap_bind" );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		if ( ldap_result( ld, msgid, 1, NULL, &result ) == -1 ) {
			ldap_perror( ld, "ldap_result" );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		if ( ldap_parse_result( ld, result, &err, NULL, NULL, NULL,
			&ctrls, 1 ) != LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
			ldap_perror( ld, "ldap_bind parse result" );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST
		if ( ctrls && ppolicy ) {
			LDAPControl *ctrl;
			int expire, grace, len = 0;
			LDAPPasswordPolicyError pErr = -1;
			
			ctrl = ldap_find_control( LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYRESPONSE, ctrls );
			if ( ctrl && ldap_parse_passwordpolicy_control( ld, ctrl,
				&expire, &grace, &pErr ) == LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
				if ( pErr != PP_noError ){
					msgbuf[0] = ';';
					msgbuf[1] = ' ';
					strcpy( msgbuf+2, ldap_passwordpolicy_err2txt( pErr ));
					len = strlen( msgbuf );
				}
				if ( expire >= 0 ) {
					sprintf( msgbuf+len, " (Password expires in %d seconds)", expire );
				} else if ( grace >= 0 ) {
					sprintf( msgbuf+len, " (Password expired, %d grace logins remain)", grace );
				}
			}
		}
#endif
		if ( err != LDAP_SUCCESS || msgbuf[0] ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "ldap_bind: %s%s\n", ldap_err2string( err ),
				msgbuf );
			if ( err != LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
			}
		}
	}
}


/* Set server controls.  Add controls extra_c[0..count-1], if set. */
void
tool_server_controls( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *extra_c, int count )
{
	int i = 0, j, crit = 0, err;
	LDAPControl c[8], **ctrls;

	ctrls = (LDAPControl**) malloc(sizeof(c) + (count+1)*sizeof(LDAPControl*));
	if ( ctrls == NULL ) {
		fprintf( stderr, "No memory\n" );
		exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
	}

	if ( assertctl ) {
		BerElementBuffer berbuf;
		BerElement *ber = (BerElement *)&berbuf;
		
		if( assertion == NULL || *assertion == '\0' ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "Assertion=<empty>\n" );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		ber_init2( ber, NULL, LBER_USE_DER );

		err = ldap_pvt_put_filter( ber, assertion );
		if( err < 0 ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "assertion encode failed (%d)\n", err );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		err = ber_flatten2( ber, &c[i].ldctl_value, 0 );
		if( err < 0 ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "assertion flatten failed (%d)\n", err );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_ASSERT;
		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = assertctl > 1;
		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
		i++;
	}

	if ( authzid ) {
		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_PROXY_AUTHZ;
		c[i].ldctl_value.bv_val = authzid;
		c[i].ldctl_value.bv_len = strlen( authzid );
		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = 1;
		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
		i++;
	}

	if ( manageDSAit ) {
		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_MANAGEDSAIT;
		c[i].ldctl_value.bv_val = NULL;
		c[i].ldctl_value.bv_len = 0;
		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = manageDSAit > 1;
		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
		i++;
	}

	if ( noop ) {
		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_NOOP;
		c[i].ldctl_value.bv_val = NULL;
		c[i].ldctl_value.bv_len = 0;
		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = noop > 1;
		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
		i++;
	}

	if ( preread ) {
		char berbuf[LBER_ELEMENT_SIZEOF];
		BerElement *ber = (BerElement *)berbuf;
		char **attrs = NULL;

		if( preread_attrs ) {
			attrs = ldap_str2charray( preread_attrs, "," );
		}

		ber_init2( ber, NULL, LBER_USE_DER );

		if( ber_printf( ber, "{v}", attrs ) == -1 ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "preread attrs encode failed.\n" );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		err = ber_flatten2( ber, &c[i].ldctl_value, 0 );
		if( err < 0 ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "preread flatten failed (%d)\n", err );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_PRE_READ;
		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = preread > 1;
		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
		i++;

		if( attrs ) ldap_charray_free( attrs );
	}

	if ( postread ) {
		char berbuf[LBER_ELEMENT_SIZEOF];
		BerElement *ber = (BerElement *)berbuf;
		char **attrs = NULL;

		if( postread_attrs ) {
			attrs = ldap_str2charray( postread_attrs, "," );
		}

		ber_init2( ber, NULL, LBER_USE_DER );

		if( ber_printf( ber, "{v}", attrs ) == -1 ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "postread attrs encode failed.\n" );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		err = ber_flatten2( ber, &c[i].ldctl_value, 0 );
		if( err < 0 ) {
			fprintf( stderr, "postread flatten failed (%d)\n", err );
			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
		}

		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_POST_READ;
		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = postread > 1;
		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
		i++;

		if( attrs ) ldap_charray_free( attrs );
	}

	while ( count-- ) {
		ctrls[i++] = extra_c++;
	}
	ctrls[i] = NULL;

	err = ldap_set_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_SERVER_CONTROLS, ctrls );

	if ( err != LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS ) {
		for ( j = 0; j < i; j++ ) {
			if ( ctrls[j]->ldctl_iscritical ) crit = 1;
		}
		fprintf( stderr, "Could not set %scontrols\n",
			crit ? "critical " : "" );
	}

 	free( ctrls );
	if ( crit ) {
		exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
	}
}