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Moving over new interact tutorial.
This commit is contained in:
Brian E. Granger
parent
99acef68a6
commit
7d8fe7e37d
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"metadata": {
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"name": "",
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"signature": "sha256:3f30c6e839ac39f890da34a2af6bf50bf0d99ea32f7aadc043f3e31f619e4bc9"
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"signature": "sha256:6d8c7c51322c4911e478068e8fa8e897bd72c614096f5df110ed86d01d66001c"
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},
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"nbformat": 3,
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"nbformat_minor": 0,
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@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
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"level": 1,
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Interact"
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"Using Interact"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"The `interact` function provides a high-level interface for creating user interface controls to use in exploring code and data interactively."
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"The `interact` function (`IPython.html.widgets.interact`) automatically creates user interface (UI) controls for exploring code and data interactively. It is the easiest way to get started using IPython's widgets."
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]
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},
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{
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@ -28,66 +28,70 @@
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"from IPython.html.widgets import interact, interactive, fixed\n",
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"from IPython.html import widgets\n",
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"from IPython.display import clear_output, display, HTML"
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"from IPython.html import widgets"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"prompt_number": 1
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"<div class=\"alert alert-success\">\n",
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"As of IPython 2.0, the widgets in this notebook won't show up on http://nbviewer.ipython.org. To view the widgets and interact with them, you will need to download this notebook and run it with an IPython Notebook server.\n",
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"</div>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "heading",
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"level": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Basic interact"
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"Basic `interact`"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Here is a simple function that displays its arguments as an HTML table:"
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"At the most basic level, `interact` autogenerates UI controls for function arguments, and then calls the function with those arguments when you manipulate the controls interactively. To use `interact`, you need to define a function that you want to explore. Here is a function that prints its only argument `x`."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"def show_args(**kwargs):\n",
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" s = '<h3>Arguments:</h3><table>\\n'\n",
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" for k,v in kwargs.items():\n",
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" s += '<tr><td>{0}</td><td>{1}</td></tr>\\n'.format(k,v)\n",
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" s += '</table>'\n",
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" display(HTML(s))"
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"def f(x):\n",
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" print x"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"prompt_number": 2
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"When you pass this function as the first argument to `interact` along with an integer keyword argument (`x=10`), a slider is generated and bound to the function."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"show_args(a=10, b='Hi There', c=True)"
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"interact(f, x=10);"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"html": [
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"<h3>Arguments:</h3><table>\n",
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"<tr><td>a</td><td>10</td></tr>\n",
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"<tr><td>c</td><td>True</td></tr>\n",
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"<tr><td>b</td><td>Hi There</td></tr>\n",
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"</table>"
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],
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "display_data",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
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"9\n"
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]
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}
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],
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@ -97,71 +101,667 @@
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Let's use this function to explore how `interact` works."
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"When you move the slider, the function is called and the current value of `x` is printed.\n",
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"\n",
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"If you pass `True` or `False`, `interact` will generate a checkbox:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"i = interact(show_args,\n",
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" Temp=(0,10),\n",
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" Current=(0.,10.,0.01),\n",
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" z=True,\n",
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" Text=u'Type here!',\n",
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" #Algorithm=['This','That','Other'],\n",
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" a=widgets.FloatSliderWidget(min=-10.0, max=10.0, step=0.1, value=5.0, description=\"Float (a)\")\n",
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" )"
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"interact(f, x=True);"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"html": [
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"<h3>Arguments:</h3><table>\n",
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"<tr><td>Current</td><td>4.99</td></tr>\n",
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"<tr><td>Text</td><td>Type here!</td></tr>\n",
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"<tr><td>z</td><td>True</td></tr>\n",
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"<tr><td>Temp</td><td>5</td></tr>\n",
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"<tr><td>Float (a)</td><td>5.0</td></tr>\n",
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"</table>"
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],
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "display_data",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
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"True\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 4
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"If you pass a string, `interact` will generate a text area."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"i.widget"
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"interact(f, x='Hi there!');"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"html": [
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"<h3>Arguments:</h3><table>\n",
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"<tr><td>Current</td><td>4.99</td></tr>\n",
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"<tr><td>Text</td><td>Type here!</td></tr>\n",
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"<tr><td>z</td><td>True</td></tr>\n",
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"<tr><td>Temp</td><td>5</td></tr>\n",
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"<tr><td>Float (a)</td><td>5.0</td></tr>\n",
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"</table>"
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],
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "display_data",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
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"Hi there!\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 5
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"`interact` can also be used as a decorator. This allows you to define a function and interact with it in a single shot. As this example shows, `interact` also works with functions that have multiple arguments."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"@interact(x=True, y=1.0)\n",
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"def g(x, y):\n",
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" print x, y"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"True 1.0\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 6
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "heading",
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"level": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Fixing arguments using `fixed`"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"There are times when you may want to explore a function using `interact`, but fix one or more of its arguments to specific values. This can be accomplished by wrapping values with the `fixed` function."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"def h(p, q):\n",
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" print p, q"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"prompt_number": 7
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"When we call `interact`, we pass `fixed(20)` for q to hold it fixed at a value of `20`."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"interact(h, p=5, q=fixed(20));"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"5 20\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 8
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Notice that a slider is only produced for `p` as the value of `q` is fixed."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "heading",
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"level": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Widget abbreviations"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"When you pass an integer valued keyword argument (`x=10`) to `interact`, it generates an integer valued slider control with a range of $[-10,+3\\times10]$. In this case `10` is an *abbreviation* for an actual slider widget:\n",
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"\n",
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"```python\n",
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"IntSliderWidget(min=-10,max=30,step=1,value=10)\n",
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"```\n",
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"\n",
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"In fact, we can get the same result if we pass this `IntSliderWidget` as the keyword argument for `x`:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"interact(f, x=widgets.IntSliderWidget(min=-10,max=30,step=1,value=10));"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"10\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 9
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"This examples clarifies how `interact` proceses its keyword arguments:\n",
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"\n",
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"1. If the keyword argument is `Widget` instance with a `value` attribute, that widget is used. Any widget with a `value` attribute can be used, even custom ones.\n",
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"2. Otherwise, the value is treated as a *widget abbreviation* that is converted to a widget before it is used.\n",
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"\n",
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"The following table gives an overview of different widget abbreviations:\n",
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"\n",
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"<table class=\"table table-condensed table-bordered\">\n",
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" <tr><td><strong>Keyword argument</strong></td><td><strong>Widget</strong></td></tr> \n",
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" <tr><td>`True` or `False`</td><td>CheckboxWiget</td></tr> \n",
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" <tr><td>`'Hi there'`</td><td>TextareaWidget</td></tr>\n",
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" <tr><td>`value` or `(min,max)` or `(min,max,step)` if integers are passed</td><td>IntSliderWidget</td></tr>\n",
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" <tr><td>`value` or `(min,max)` or `(min,max,step)` if floats are passed</td><td>FloatSliderWidget</td></tr>\n",
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" <tr><td>`('orange','apple')` or `{'one':1,'two':2}`</td><td>DropdownWidget</td></tr>\n",
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"</table>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"You have seen how the checkbox and textarea widgets work above. Here, more details about the different abbreviations for sliders and dropdowns are given.\n",
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"\n",
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"If a 2-tuple of integers is passed `(min,max)` a integer valued slider is produced with those minimum and maximum (inclusive) values. In this case, the default step size of `1` is used."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"interact(f, x=(0,4));"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"2\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 10
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"If a 3-tuple of integers is passed `(min,max,step)` the step size can also be set."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"interact(f, x=(0,8,2));"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"4\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 11
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"A float valued slider is produced if the elements of the tuples are floats. Here the minimum is `0.0`, the maximum is `10.0` and step size is `0.1` (the default)."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"interact(f, x=(0.0,10.0));"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"5.0\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 12
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"The step size can be changed by passing a 3rd element in the tuple."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"interact(f, x=(0.0,10.0,0.01));"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"4.99\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 13
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"For both integer and float valued sliders, you can pick the initial value of the widget by passing a default keyword argument to the underlying Python function. Here we set the initial value of a float slider to `5.5`."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"@interact(x=(0.0,20.0,0.5))\n",
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"def h(x=5.5):\n",
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" print x"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"5.5\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 14
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
|
||||
"Dropdown menus can be produced by passing a tuple of strings. In this case, the strings are both used as the names in the dropdown menu UI and passed to the underlying Python function."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"interact(f, x=('apples','oranges'));"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"output_type": "stream",
|
||||
"stream": "stdout",
|
||||
"text": [
|
||||
"apples\n"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"prompt_number": 15
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"If you want a dropdown menu that passes non-string values to the Python function, you can pass a dictionary. The keys in the dictionary are used for the names in the dropdown menu UI and the values are the arguments that are passed to the underlying Python function."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"interact(f, x={'one': 10, 'two': 20});"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"output_type": "stream",
|
||||
"stream": "stdout",
|
||||
"text": [
|
||||
"20\n"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"prompt_number": 16
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "heading",
|
||||
"level": 2,
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"Using function annotations with `interact`"
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"If you are using Python 3, you can also specify widget abbreviations using [function annotations](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#function-annotations). This is a convenient approach allows the widget abbreviations to be defined with a function.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Define a function with an checkbox widget abbreviation for the argument `x`."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"def f(x:True):\n",
|
||||
" print x"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": []
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"Then, because the widget abbreviation has already been defined, you can call `interact` with a single argument."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"interact(f);"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": []
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"If you are running Python 2, function annotations can be defined using the `@annotate` function."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"from IPython.utils.py3compat import annotate"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [],
|
||||
"prompt_number": 50
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"@annotate(x=True)\n",
|
||||
"def f(x):\n",
|
||||
" print x"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [],
|
||||
"prompt_number": 51
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"interact(f);"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"output_type": "stream",
|
||||
"stream": "stdout",
|
||||
"text": [
|
||||
"True\n"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"prompt_number": 52
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "heading",
|
||||
"level": 2,
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"`interactive`"
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"In addition to `interact` IPython provides another function, `interactive`, that is useful when you want to reuse the widget that are produced or access the data that is bound to the UI controls."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"Here is a function that returns the sum of its two arguments."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"def f(a, b):\n",
|
||||
" return a+b"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [],
|
||||
"prompt_number": 18
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"Unlike `interact`, `interactive` returns a `Widget` instance rather than immediately displaying the widget."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"w = interactive(f, a=10, b=20)"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [],
|
||||
"prompt_number": 19
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"The widget is a `ContainerWidget`, which is a container for other widgets."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"type(w)"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"output_type": "pyout",
|
||||
"prompt_number": 20,
|
||||
"text": [
|
||||
"IPython.html.widgets.widget_container.ContainerWidget"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"prompt_number": 20
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"The children of the `ContainerWidget` are two integer valued sliders produced by the widget abbreviations above."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"w.children"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"output_type": "pyout",
|
||||
"prompt_number": 21,
|
||||
"text": [
|
||||
"(<IPython.html.widgets.widget_int.IntSliderWidget at 0x10557ee90>,\n",
|
||||
" <IPython.html.widgets.widget_int.IntSliderWidget at 0x10616ebd0>)"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"prompt_number": 21
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"To actually display the widgets, you can use IPython's `display` function."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"from IPython.display import display\n",
|
||||
"display(w)"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [],
|
||||
"prompt_number": 22
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"At this point, the UI controls work just like they would if `interact` had been used. You can manipulate them interactively and the function will be called. However, the widget instance returned by `interactive` also give you access to the current keyword arguments and return value of the underlying Python function.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Here are the current keyword arguments. If you rerun this cell after manipulating the sliders, the values will have changed."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"w.kwargs"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"output_type": "pyout",
|
||||
"prompt_number": 23,
|
||||
"text": [
|
||||
"{u'a': 10, u'b': 20}"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"prompt_number": 23
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"Here is the current return value of the function."
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"collapsed": false,
|
||||
"input": [
|
||||
"w.result"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"output_type": "pyout",
|
||||
"prompt_number": 24,
|
||||
"text": [
|
||||
"30"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"prompt_number": 24
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"metadata": {}
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user