/*********************************************************************
 *   Copyright 1993, UCAR/Unidata
 *   See netcdf/COPYRIGHT file for copying and redistribution conditions.
 *********************************************************************/

#include "zincludes.h"
#include "zfilter.h"

#ifndef nulldup
 #define nulldup(x) ((x)?strdup(x):(x))
#endif

#undef FILLONCLOSE

/*mnemonics*/
#define DICTOPEN '{'
#define DICTCLOSE '}'

/* Forward */
static int ncz_collect_dims(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, NCjson** jdimsp);
static int ncz_sync_var(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_VAR_INFO_T* var, int isclose);

static int ncz_jsonize_atts(NCindex* attlist, NCjson** jattrsp);
static int load_jatts(NCZMAP* map, NC_OBJ* container, int nczarrv1, NCjson** jattrsp, NClist** atypes);
static int zconvert(nc_type typeid, size_t typelen, NCjson* src, void* dst);
static int computeattrinfo(const char* name, NClist* atypes, NCjson* values,
		nc_type* typeidp, size_t* typelenp, size_t* lenp, void** datap);
static int parse_group_content(NCjson* jcontent, NClist* dimdefs, NClist* varnames, NClist* subgrps);
static int parse_group_content_pure(NCZ_FILE_INFO_T*  zinfo, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, NClist* varnames, NClist* subgrps);
static int define_grp(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp);
static int define_dims(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, NClist* diminfo);
static int define_vars(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, NClist* varnames);
static int define_subgrps(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, NClist* subgrpnames);
static int searchvars(NCZ_FILE_INFO_T*, NC_GRP_INFO_T*, NClist*);
static int searchsubgrps(NCZ_FILE_INFO_T*, NC_GRP_INFO_T*, NClist*);
static int locategroup(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, size_t nsegs, NClist* segments, NC_GRP_INFO_T** grpp);
static int createdim(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, const char* name, size64_t dimlen, NC_DIM_INFO_T** dimp);
static int parsedimrefs(NC_FILE_INFO_T*, NClist* dimnames,  size64_t* shape, NC_DIM_INFO_T** dims, int create);
static int decodeints(NCjson* jshape, size64_t* shapes);
static int computeattrdata(nc_type* typeidp, NCjson* values, size_t* typelenp, size_t* lenp, void** datap);
static int inferattrtype(NCjson* values, nc_type* typeidp);
static int mininttype(unsigned long long u64, int negative);
static int computedimrefs(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_VAR_INFO_T* var, int purezarr, int xarray, int ndims, NClist* dimnames, size64_t* shapes, NC_DIM_INFO_T** dims);
static int read_dict(NCjson* jdict, NCjson** jtextp);
static int write_dict(size_t len, const void* data, NCjson** jsonp);

/**************************************************/
/**************************************************/
/* Synchronize functions to make map and memory
be consistent. There are two sets of functions,
1) _sync_ - push memory to map (optionally create target)
2) _read_ - pull map data into memory
These functions are generally non-recursive. It is assumed
that the recursion occurs in the caller's code.
*/

/**
 * @internal Synchronize file metadata from memory to map.
 *
 * @param file Pointer to file info struct.
 *
 * @return ::NC_NOERR No error.
 * @author Dennis Heimbigner
 */
int
ncz_sync_file(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, int isclose)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    NCjson* json = NULL;

    NC_UNUSED(isclose);

    LOG((3, "%s: file: %s", __func__, file->controller->path));
    ZTRACE(3,"file=%s isclose=%d",file->controller->path,isclose);

    /* Write out root group recursively */
    if((stat = ncz_sync_grp(file, file->root_grp, isclose)))
        goto done;

done:
    NCJreclaim(json);
    return ZUNTRACE(stat);
}

/**
 * @internal Synchronize dimension data from memory to map.
 *
 * @param grp Pointer to grp struct containing the dims.
 *
 * @return ::NC_NOERR No error.
 * @author Dennis Heimbigner
 */
static int
ncz_collect_dims(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, NCjson** jdimsp)
{
    int i, stat=NC_NOERR;
    NCjson* jdims = NULL;

    LOG((3, "%s: ", __func__));

    NCJnew(NCJ_DICT,&jdims);
    for(i=0; i<ncindexsize(grp->dim); i++) {
	NC_DIM_INFO_T* dim = (NC_DIM_INFO_T*)ncindexith(grp->dim,i);
	char slen[128];
	snprintf(slen,sizeof(slen),"%llu",(unsigned long long)dim->len);
	if((stat = NCJaddstring(jdims,NCJ_STRING,dim->hdr.name))) goto done;
	if((stat = NCJaddstring(jdims,NCJ_INT,slen))) goto done;
    }
    if(jdimsp) {*jdimsp = jdims; jdims = NULL;}
done:
    NCJreclaim(jdims);
    return THROW(stat);
}

/**
 * @internal Recursively synchronize group from memory to map.
 *
 * @param file Pointer to file struct
 * @param grp Pointer to grp struct
 *
 * @return ::NC_NOERR No error.
 * @author Dennis Heimbigner
 */
int
ncz_sync_grp(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, int isclose)
{
    int i,stat = NC_NOERR;
    NCZ_FILE_INFO_T* zinfo = NULL;
    char version[1024];
    int purezarr = 0;
    NCZMAP* map = NULL;
    char* fullpath = NULL;
    char* key = NULL;
    NCjson* json = NULL;
    NCjson* jgroup = NULL;
    NCjson* jdims = NULL;
    NCjson* jvars = NULL;
    NCjson* jsubgrps = NULL;
    NCjson* jsuper = NULL;
    NCjson* jtmp = NULL;

    LOG((3, "%s: dims: %s", __func__, key));

    zinfo = file->format_file_info;
    map = zinfo->map;

    purezarr = (zinfo->controls.flags & FLAG_PUREZARR)?1:0;

    /* Construct grp key */
    if((stat = NCZ_grpkey(grp,&fullpath)))
	goto done;

    if(!purezarr) {
        /* Create dimensions dict */
        if((stat = ncz_collect_dims(file,grp,&jdims))) goto done;

        /* Create vars list */
        if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_ARRAY,&jvars)))
	    goto done;
        for(i=0; i<ncindexsize(grp->vars); i++) {
	    NC_VAR_INFO_T* var = (NC_VAR_INFO_T*)ncindexith(grp->vars,i);
	    if((stat = NCJaddstring(jvars,NCJ_STRING,var->hdr.name))) goto done;
        }

        /* Create subgroups list */
        if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_ARRAY,&jsubgrps)))
    	    goto done;
        for(i=0; i<ncindexsize(grp->children); i++) {
	    NC_GRP_INFO_T* g = (NC_GRP_INFO_T*)ncindexith(grp->children,i);
	    if((stat = NCJaddstring(jsubgrps,NCJ_STRING,g->hdr.name))) goto done;
        }
        /* Create the "_NCZARR_GROUP" dict */
        if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_DICT,&json)))
	    goto done;
        /* Insert the various dicts and arrays */
        if((stat = NCJinsert(json,"dims",jdims))) goto done;
        jdims = NULL; /* avoid memory problems */
        if((stat = NCJinsert(json,"vars",jvars))) goto done;
        jvars = NULL; /* avoid memory problems */
        if((stat = NCJinsert(json,"groups",jsubgrps))) goto done;
        jsubgrps = NULL; /* avoid memory problems */
    }

    /* build ZGROUP contents */
    if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_DICT,&jgroup)))
	goto done;
    snprintf(version,sizeof(version),"%d",zinfo->zarr.zarr_version);
    if((stat = NCJaddstring(jgroup,NCJ_STRING,"zarr_format"))) goto done;
    if((stat = NCJaddstring(jgroup,NCJ_INT,version))) goto done;
    if(!purezarr && grp->parent == NULL) { /* Root group */
        snprintf(version,sizeof(version),"%lu.%lu.%lu",
		 zinfo->zarr.nczarr_version.major,
		 zinfo->zarr.nczarr_version.minor,
		 zinfo->zarr.nczarr_version.release);
	if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_DICT,&jsuper))) goto done;
	if((stat-NCJnewstring(NCJ_STRING,version,&jtmp))) goto done;
	if((stat = NCJinsert(jsuper,"version",jtmp))) goto done;
	jtmp = NULL;
	if((stat = NCJinsert(jgroup,NCZ_V2_SUPERBLOCK,jsuper))) goto done;
	jsuper = NULL;
    }

    if(!purezarr) {
        /* Insert the "_NCZARR_GROUP" dict */
        if((stat = NCJinsert(jgroup,NCZ_V2_GROUP,json))) goto done;
        json = NULL;
    }

    /* build ZGROUP path */
    if((stat = nczm_concat(fullpath,ZGROUP,&key)))
	goto done;
    /* Write to map */
    if((stat=NCZ_uploadjson(map,key,jgroup)))
	goto done;
    nullfree(key); key = NULL;

    /* Build the .zattrs object */
    assert(grp->att);
    if((stat = ncz_sync_atts(file,(NC_OBJ*)grp, grp->att, isclose)))
	goto done;

    /* Now synchronize all the variables */
    for(i=0; i<ncindexsize(grp->vars); i++) {
	NC_VAR_INFO_T* var = (NC_VAR_INFO_T*)ncindexith(grp->vars,i);
	if((stat = ncz_sync_var(file,var,isclose))) goto done;
    }

    /* Now recurse to synchronize all the subgrps */
    for(i=0; i<ncindexsize(grp->children); i++) {
	NC_GRP_INFO_T* g = (NC_GRP_INFO_T*)ncindexith(grp->children,i);
	if((stat = ncz_sync_grp(file,g,isclose))) goto done;
    }

done:
    NCJreclaim(jtmp);
    NCJreclaim(jsuper);
    NCJreclaim(json);
    NCJreclaim(jgroup);
    NCJreclaim(jdims);
    NCJreclaim(jvars);
    NCJreclaim(jsubgrps);
    nullfree(fullpath);
    nullfree(key);
    return THROW(stat);
}

/**
 * @internal Synchronize variable meta data from memory to map.
 *
 * @param file Pointer to file struct
 * @param var Pointer to var struct
 * @param isclose If this called as part of nc_close() as opposed to nc_enddef().
 *
 * @return ::NC_NOERR No error.
 * @author Dennis Heimbigner
 */
static int
ncz_sync_var_meta(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_VAR_INFO_T* var, int isclose)
{
    int i,stat = NC_NOERR;
    NCZ_FILE_INFO_T* zinfo = NULL;
    char number[1024];
    NCZMAP* map = NULL;
    char* fullpath = NULL;
    char* key = NULL;
    char* dimpath = NULL;
    NClist* dimrefs = NULL;
    NCjson* jvar = NULL;
    NCjson* jncvar = NULL;
    NCjson* jdimrefs = NULL;
    NCjson* jtmp = NULL;
    NCjson* jfill = NULL;
    size64_t shape[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
    NCZ_VAR_INFO_T* zvar = var->format_var_info;
#ifdef ENABLE_NCZARR_FILTERS
    NClist* filterchain = NULL;
    NCjson* jfilter = NULL;
#endif

    zinfo = file->format_file_info;
    map = zinfo->map;

#if 1
    /* Make sure that everything is established */
    /* ensure the fill value */
    if((stat = NCZ_ensure_fill_value(var))) goto done; /* ensure var->fill_value is set */
    assert(var->no_fill || var->fill_value != NULL);
    /* ensure the chunk cache */
    if((stat = NCZ_adjust_var_cache(var))) goto done;
    /* rebuild the fill chunk */
    if((stat = NCZ_ensure_fill_chunk(zvar->cache))) goto done;
#ifdef ENABLE_NCZARR_FILTERS
    /* Build the filter working parameters for any filters */
    if((stat = NCZ_filter_setup(var))) goto done;
#endif
#endif /*0|1*/

    /* Construct var path */
    if((stat = NCZ_varkey(var,&fullpath)))
	goto done;

    /* Create the zarray json object */
    if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_DICT,&jvar)))
	goto done;

    /* zarr_format key */
    snprintf(number,sizeof(number),"%d",zinfo->zarr.zarr_version);
    if((stat = NCJaddstring(jvar,NCJ_STRING,"zarr_format"))) goto done;
    if((stat = NCJaddstring(jvar,NCJ_INT,number))) goto done;

    /* Collect the shape vector */
    for(i=0;i<var->ndims;i++) {
	NC_DIM_INFO_T* dim = var->dim[i];
	shape[i] = dim->len;
    }
    /* but might be scalar */
    if(var->ndims == 0)
        shape[0] = 1;

    /* shape key */
    /* Integer list defining the length of each dimension of the array.*/
    /* Create the list */
    if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_ARRAY,&jtmp))) goto done;
    for(i=0;i<var->ndims+zvar->scalar;i++) {
	snprintf(number,sizeof(number),"%llu",shape[i]);
	NCJaddstring(jtmp,NCJ_INT,number);
    }
    if((stat = NCJinsert(jvar,"shape",jtmp))) goto done;
    jtmp = NULL;

    /* dtype key */
    /* A string or list defining a valid data type for the array. */
    if((stat = NCJaddstring(jvar,NCJ_STRING,"dtype"))) goto done;
    {	/* Add the type name */
	const char* dtypename;
	int endianness = var->type_info->endianness;
	int islittle;
	switch (endianness) {
	case NC_ENDIAN_LITTLE: islittle = 1; break;
	case NC_ENDIAN_BIG: islittle = 0; break;
	case NC_ENDIAN_NATIVE: abort(); /* should never happen */
	}
	int atomictype = var->type_info->hdr.id;
	assert(atomictype > 0 && atomictype <= NC_MAX_ATOMIC_TYPE && atomictype != NC_STRING);
	if((stat = ncz_zarr_type_name(atomictype,islittle,&dtypename))) goto done;
	if((stat = NCJaddstring(jvar,NCJ_STRING,dtypename))) goto done;
    }

    /* chunks key */
    /* It is not clear if the zarr format supports the concept
       of contiguous, so we will simulate by:
       1. setting a flag in _nczvar (below)
       2. making the chunk sizes all be same as the max dim size (here)
    */
    /* list of chunk sizes */
    if((stat = NCJaddstring(jvar,NCJ_STRING,"chunks"))) goto done;
    /* Create the list */
    if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_ARRAY,&jtmp))) goto done;
    for(i=0;i<(var->ndims+zvar->scalar);i++) {
	size64_t len = (var->storage == NC_CONTIGUOUS ? shape[i] : var->chunksizes[i]);
	snprintf(number,sizeof(number),"%lld",len);
	NCJaddstring(jtmp,NCJ_INT,number);
    }
    if((stat = NCJappend(jvar,jtmp))) goto done;
    jtmp = NULL;

    /* fill_value key */
    if(var->no_fill) {
	if((stat=NCJnew(NCJ_NULL,&jfill))) goto done;
    } else {/*!var->no_fill*/
	int atomictype = var->type_info->hdr.id;
        if(var->fill_value == NULL) {
	     if((stat = NCZ_ensure_fill_value(var))) goto done;
	}
        /* Convert var->fill_value to a string */
	if((stat = NCZ_stringconvert(atomictype,1,var->fill_value,&jfill))) goto done;
	assert(jfill->sort != NCJ_ARRAY);
    }
    if((stat = NCJinsert(jvar,"fill_value",jfill))) goto done;
    jfill = NULL;

    /* order key */
    if((stat = NCJaddstring(jvar,NCJ_STRING,"order"))) goto done;
    /* "C" means row-major order, i.e., the last dimension varies fastest;
       "F" means column-major order, i.e., the first dimension varies fastest.*/
    /* Default to C for now */
    if((stat = NCJaddstring(jvar,NCJ_STRING,"C"))) goto done;

    /* Compressor and Filters */
    /* compressor key */
    /* From V2 Spec: A JSON object identifying the primary compression codec and providing
       configuration parameters, or ``null`` if no compressor is to be used. */
    if((stat = NCJaddstring(jvar,NCJ_STRING,"compressor"))) goto done;
#ifdef ENABLE_NCZARR_FILTERS
    filterchain = (NClist*)var->filters;
    if(nclistlength(filterchain) > 0) {
	struct NCZ_Filter* filter = (struct NCZ_Filter*)nclistget(filterchain,nclistlength(filterchain)-1);
        /* encode up the compressor */
        if((stat = NCZ_filter_jsonize(file,var,filter,&jtmp))) goto done;
    } else
#endif
    { /* no filters at all */
        /* Default to null */
        if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_NULL,&jtmp))) goto done;
    }
    if(jtmp && (stat = NCJappend(jvar,jtmp))) goto done;
    jtmp = NULL;

    /* filters key */
    /* From V2 Spec: A list of JSON objects providing codec configurations,
       or null if no filters are to be applied. Each codec configuration
       object MUST contain a "id" key identifying the codec to be used. */
    /* A list of JSON objects providing codec configurations, or ``null``
       if no filters are to be applied. */
    if((stat = NCJaddstring(jvar,NCJ_STRING,"filters"))) goto done;
#ifdef ENABLE_NCZARR_FILTERS
    if(nclistlength(filterchain) > 1) {
	int k;
	/* jtmp holds the array of filters */
	if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_ARRAY,&jtmp))) goto done;
	for(k=0;k<nclistlength(filterchain)-1;k++) {
 	    struct NCZ_Filter* filter = (struct NCZ_Filter*)nclistget(filterchain,k);
	    /* encode up the filter as a string */
	    if((stat = NCZ_filter_jsonize(file,var,filter,&jfilter))) goto done;
	    if((stat = NCJappend(jtmp,jfilter))) goto done;
	}
    } else
#endif
    { /* no filters at all */
        if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_NULL,&jtmp))) goto done;
    }
    if((stat = NCJappend(jvar,jtmp))) goto done;
    jtmp = NULL;

    /* dimension_separator key */
    /* Single char defining the separator in chunk keys */
    if(zvar->dimension_separator != DFALT_DIM_SEPARATOR) {
	char sep[2];
	sep[0] = zvar->dimension_separator;/* make separator a string*/
	sep[1] = '\0';
        if((stat = NCJnewstring(NCJ_STRING,sep,&jtmp))) goto done;
        if((stat = NCJinsert(jvar,"dimension_separator",jtmp))) goto done;
        jtmp = NULL;
    }

    /* Capture dimref names as FQNs */
    if(var->ndims > 0) {
        if((dimrefs = nclistnew())==NULL) {stat = NC_ENOMEM; goto done;}
	for(i=0;i<var->ndims;i++) {
	    NC_DIM_INFO_T* dim = var->dim[i];
	    if((stat = NCZ_dimkey(dim,&dimpath))) goto done;
	    nclistpush(dimrefs,dimpath);
	    dimpath = NULL;
	}
    }

    /* Build the NCZ_V2_ARRAY object */
    {
	/* Create the dimrefs json object */
	if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_ARRAY,&jdimrefs)))
	    goto done;
	for(i=0;i<nclistlength(dimrefs);i++) {
	    const char* dim = nclistget(dimrefs,i);
	    NCJaddstring(jdimrefs,NCJ_STRING,dim);
	}
	if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_DICT,&jncvar)))
	    goto done;

	/* Insert dimrefs  */
	if((stat = NCJinsert(jncvar,"dimrefs",jdimrefs)))
	    goto done;
	jdimrefs = NULL; /* Avoid memory problems */

	/* Add the _Storage flag */
	/* Record if this is a scalar; use the storage field */
	if(var->ndims == 0) {
	    if((stat = NCJnewstring(NCJ_STRING,"scalar",&jtmp)))goto done;
	} else if(var->storage == NC_CONTIGUOUS) {
	     if((stat = NCJnewstring(NCJ_STRING,"contiguous",&jtmp)))goto done;
	} else if(var->storage == NC_COMPACT) {
	     if((stat = NCJnewstring(NCJ_STRING,"compact",&jtmp)))goto done;
	} else {/* chunked */
	     if((stat = NCJnewstring(NCJ_STRING,"chunked",&jtmp)))goto done;
	}
	if((stat = NCJinsert(jncvar,"storage",jtmp))) goto done;
	jtmp = NULL;

	if(!(zinfo->controls.flags & FLAG_PUREZARR)) {
	    if((stat = NCJinsert(jvar,NCZ_V2_ARRAY,jncvar))) goto done;
	    jncvar = NULL;
	}
    }

    /* build .zarray path */
    if((stat = nczm_concat(fullpath,ZARRAY,&key)))
	goto done;

    /* Write to map */
    if((stat=NCZ_uploadjson(map,key,jvar)))
	goto done;
    nullfree(key); key = NULL;

    var->created = 1;

    /* Build .zattrs object */
    assert(var->att);
    if((stat = ncz_sync_atts(file,(NC_OBJ*)var, var->att, isclose)))
	goto done;

done:
    nclistfreeall(dimrefs);
    nullfree(fullpath);
    nullfree(key);
    nullfree(dimpath);
    NCJreclaim(jvar);
    NCJreclaim(jncvar);
    NCJreclaim(jtmp);
    NCJreclaim(jfill);
    return THROW(stat);
}

/**
 * @internal Synchronize variable meta data and data from memory to map.
 *
 * @param file Pointer to file struct
 * @param var Pointer to var struct
 * @param isclose If this called as part of nc_close() as opposed to nc_enddef().
 *
 * @return ::NC_NOERR No error.
 * @author Dennis Heimbigner
 */
static int
ncz_sync_var(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_VAR_INFO_T* var, int isclose)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    NCZ_VAR_INFO_T* zvar = var->format_var_info;
    if(isclose) {
	if((stat = ncz_sync_var_meta(file,var,isclose))) goto done;
    }

    /* flush only chunks that have been written */
    if(zvar->cache) {
        if((stat = NCZ_flush_chunk_cache(zvar->cache)))
	    goto done;
    }

done:
    return THROW(stat);
}


/*
Flush all chunks to disk. Create any that are missing
and fill as needed.
*/
int
ncz_write_var(NC_VAR_INFO_T* var)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    NCZ_VAR_INFO_T* zvar = (NCZ_VAR_INFO_T*)var->format_var_info;

    /* Flush the cache */
    if(zvar->cache) {
        if((stat = NCZ_flush_chunk_cache(zvar->cache))) goto done;
    }

#ifdef FILLONCLOSE
    /* If fill is enabled, then create missing chunks */
    if(!var->no_fill) {
        int i;
    NCZOdometer* chunkodom =  NULL;
    NC_FILE_INFO_T* file = var->container->nc4_info;
    NCZ_FILE_INFO_T* zfile = (NCZ_FILE_INFO_T*)file->format_file_info;
    NCZMAP* map = zfile->map;
    size64_t start[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
    size64_t stop[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
    size64_t stride[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
    char* key = NULL;

    if(var->ndims == 0) { /* scalar */
	start[i] = 0;
	stop[i] = 1;
        stride[i] = 1;
    } else {
        for(i=0;i<var->ndims;i++) {
	    size64_t nchunks = ceildiv(var->dim[i]->len,var->chunksizes[i]);
	    start[i] = 0;
	    stop[i] = nchunks;
	    stride[i] = 1;
        }
    }

	/* Iterate over all the chunks to create missing ones */
	if((chunkodom = nczodom_new(var->ndims+zvar->scalar,start,stop,stride,stop))==NULL)
	    {stat = NC_ENOMEM; goto done;}
	for(;nczodom_more(chunkodom);nczodom_next(chunkodom)) {
	    size64_t* indices = nczodom_indices(chunkodom);
	    /* Convert to key */
	    if((stat = NCZ_buildchunkpath(zvar->cache,indices,&key))) goto done;
	    switch (stat = nczmap_exists(map,key)) {
	    case NC_NOERR: goto next; /* already exists */
	    case NC_EEMPTY: break; /* does not exist, create it with fill */
	    default: goto done; /* some other error */
	    }
            /* If we reach here, then chunk does not exist, create it with fill */
	    assert(zvar->cache->fillchunk != NULL);
	    if((stat=nczmap_write(map,key,0,zvar->cache->chunksize,zvar->cache->fillchunk))) goto done;
next:
	    nullfree(key);
	    key = NULL;
	}
    nczodom_free(chunkodom);
    nullfree(key);
    }
#endif /*FILLONCLOSE*/

done:
    return THROW(stat);
}

/**
 * @internal Synchronize attribute data from memory to map.
 *
 * @param container Pointer to grp|var struct containing the attributes
 * @param key the name of the map entry
 *
 * @return ::NC_NOERR No error.
 * @author Dennis Heimbigner
 */
int
ncz_sync_atts(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_OBJ* container, NCindex* attlist, int isclose)
{
    int i,stat = NC_NOERR;
    NCZ_FILE_INFO_T* zinfo = NULL;
    NCjson* jatts = NULL;
    NCjson* jtypes = NULL;
    NCjson* jtype = NULL;
    NCjson* jdimrefs = NULL;
    NCjson* jdict = NULL;
    NCjson* jint = NULL;
    NCZMAP* map = NULL;
    char* fullpath = NULL;
    char* key = NULL;
    char* content = NULL;
    char* dimpath = NULL;
    int isxarray = 0;
    int isrootgroup = 0;
    NC_VAR_INFO_T* var = NULL;
    NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp = NULL;
	
    LOG((3, "%s", __func__));
 
    if(container->sort == NCVAR)
        var = (NC_VAR_INFO_T*)container;
    else if(container->sort == NCGRP)
        grp = (NC_GRP_INFO_T*)container;

    zinfo = file->format_file_info;
    map = zinfo->map;

    if(zinfo->controls.flags & FLAG_XARRAYDIMS) isxarray = 1;

    if(container->sort == NCVAR) {
	if(var->container && var->container->parent == NULL)
	    isrootgroup = 1;
    }

    if(ncindexsize(attlist) > 0) {
        /* Create the jncattr.types object */
        if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_DICT,&jtypes)))
	    goto done;
        /* Walk all the attributes and collect the types by attribute name */
        for(i=0;i<ncindexsize(attlist);i++) {
	    NC_ATT_INFO_T* a = (NC_ATT_INFO_T*)ncindexith(attlist,i);
	    const char* tname = NULL;
	    const NC_reservedatt* ra = NC_findreserved(a->hdr.name);
	    /* If reserved and hidden, then ignore */
	    if(ra && (ra->flags & HIDDENATTRFLAG)) continue;
	    if(a->nc_typeid >= NC_STRING)
	        {stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;}
	    if((stat = ncz_zarr_type_name(a->nc_typeid,1,&tname))) goto done;
	    if((stat = NCJnewstring(NCJ_STRING,tname,&jtype)))
	        goto done;
	    if((stat = NCJinsert(jtypes,a->hdr.name,jtype))) /* add {name: type} */
	        goto done;
	    jtype = NULL;
        }
    }

    /* Construct container path */
    if(container->sort == NCGRP)
	stat = NCZ_grpkey(grp,&fullpath);
    else
	stat = NCZ_varkey(var,&fullpath);
    if(stat)
	goto done;

    /* Jsonize the attribute list */
    if((stat = ncz_jsonize_atts(attlist,&jatts)))
	goto done;

    if(container->sort == NCVAR) { 
        if(isrootgroup && isxarray) {
	    int dimsinroot = 1;
	    /* Insert the XARRAY _ARRAY_ATTRIBUTE attribute */
	    if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_ARRAY,&jdimrefs)))
	        goto done;
	    /* Walk the dimensions to check in root group */
	    for(i=0;i<var->ndims;i++) {
	        NC_DIM_INFO_T* dim = var->dim[i];
		/* Verify that the dimension is in the root group */
		if(dim->container && dim->container->parent != NULL) {
		    dimsinroot = 0; /* dimension is not in root */
		    break;
		}
	    }
	    if(dimsinroot) {
		/* Walk the dimensions and capture the names */
		for(i=0;i<var->ndims;i++) {
		    char* dimname;
	            NC_DIM_INFO_T* dim = var->dim[i];
		    dimname = strdup(dim->hdr.name);
		    if(dimname == NULL) {stat = NC_ENOMEM; goto done;}
	            NCJaddstring(jdimrefs,NCJ_STRING,dimname);
   	            nullfree(dimname); dimname = NULL;
		}
	        /* Add the _ARRAY_DIMENSIONS attribute */
	        if((stat = NCJinsert(jatts,NC_XARRAY_DIMS,jdimrefs))) goto done;
	        jdimrefs = NULL;
	    }
        }
    }
    /* Add Quantize Attribute */
    if(container->sort == NCVAR && var && var->quantize_mode > 0) {    
	char mode[64];
	snprintf(mode,sizeof(mode),"%d",var->nsd);
        if((stat = NCJnewstring(NCJ_INT,mode,&jint)))
	        goto done;
	/* Insert the quantize attribute */
	switch (var->quantize_mode) {
	case NC_QUANTIZE_BITGROOM:
	    if((stat = NCJinsert(jatts,NC_QUANTIZE_BITGROOM_ATT_NAME,jint))) goto done;	
	    jint = NULL;
	    break;
	case NC_QUANTIZE_GRANULARBR:
	    if((stat = NCJinsert(jatts,NC_QUANTIZE_GRANULARBR_ATT_NAME,jint))) goto done;	
	    jint = NULL;
	    break;
	case NC_QUANTIZE_BITROUND:
	    if((stat = NCJinsert(jatts,NC_QUANTIZE_BITROUND_ATT_NAME,jint))) goto done;	
	    jint = NULL;
	    break;
	default: break;
	}
    }

    if(NCJlength(jatts) > 0) {
        if(!(zinfo->controls.flags & FLAG_PUREZARR)) {
	    /* Insert the _NCZARR_ATTR attribute */
            if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_DICT,&jdict)))
                goto done;
	    if(jtypes != NULL)
                {if((stat = NCJinsert(jdict,"types",jtypes))) goto done;}
            jtypes = NULL;
	    if(jdict != NULL)
                {if((stat = NCJinsert(jatts,NCZ_V2_ATTR,jdict))) goto done;}
            jdict = NULL;
	}
        /* write .zattrs path */
        if((stat = nczm_concat(fullpath,ZATTRS,&key)))
            goto done;
        /* Write to map */
        if((stat=NCZ_uploadjson(map,key,jatts)))
            goto done;
        nullfree(key); key = NULL;
    }

done:
    nullfree(fullpath);
    nullfree(key);
    nullfree(content);
    nullfree(dimpath);
    NCJreclaim(jatts);
    NCJreclaim(jtypes);
    NCJreclaim(jtype);
    NCJreclaim(jdimrefs);
    NCJreclaim(jdict);
    NCJreclaim(jint);
    return THROW(stat);
}


/**************************************************/

/**
@internal Convert a list of attributes to corresponding json.
Note that this does not push to the file.
Also note that attributes of length 1 are stored as singletons, not arrays.
This is to be more consistent with pure zarr.
Also implements the JSON dictionary convention.
@param attlist - [in] the attributes to dictify
@param jattrsp - [out] the json'ized att list
@return NC_NOERR
@author Dennis Heimbigner
*/
static int
ncz_jsonize_atts(NCindex* attlist, NCjson** jattrsp)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    int i, isdict;
    NCjson* jattrs = NULL;
    NCjson* akey = NULL;
    NCjson* jdata = NULL;

    if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_DICT,&jattrs))) goto done;

    /* Iterate over the attribute list */
    for(i=0;i<ncindexsize(attlist);i++) {
	NC_ATT_INFO_T* att = (NC_ATT_INFO_T*)ncindexith(attlist,i);
	isdict = 0;
	/* Create the attribute dict value*/
	if(att->nc_typeid == NC_CHAR
	   && ((char*)att->data)[0] == DICTOPEN
   	   && ((char*)att->data)[att->len-1] == DICTCLOSE) {
	    /* this is subject to the JSON dictionary convention? */
	    if(write_dict(att->len,att->data,&jdata)==NC_NOERR) isdict=1;
	}
	if(!isdict) {
	    if((stat = NCZ_stringconvert(att->nc_typeid,att->len,att->data,&jdata)))
	        goto done;
	}
	if((stat = NCJinsert(jattrs,att->hdr.name,jdata))) goto done;
	jdata = NULL;
    }

    if(jattrsp) {*jattrsp = jattrs; jattrs = NULL;}

done:
    NCJreclaim(akey);
    NCJreclaim(jdata);
    NCJreclaim(jattrs);
    NCJreclaim(jdata);
    return THROW(stat);
}

/**
@internal Extract attributes from a group or var and return
the corresponding NCjson dict.
@param map - [in] the map object for storage
@param container - [in] the containing object
@param jattrsp - [out] the json for .zattrs
@param jtypesp - [out] the json for .ztypes
@return NC_NOERR
@author Dennis Heimbigner
*/
static int
load_jatts(NCZMAP* map, NC_OBJ* container, int nczarrv1, NCjson** jattrsp, NClist** atypesp)
{
    int i,stat = NC_NOERR;
    char* fullpath = NULL;
    char* key = NULL;
    NCjson* jnczarr = NULL;
    NCjson* jattrs = NULL;
    NCjson* jncattr = NULL;
    NClist* atypes = NULL; /* envv list */

    /* alway return (possibly empty) list of types */
    atypes = nclistnew();

    if(container->sort == NCGRP) {
	NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp = (NC_GRP_INFO_T*)container;
	/* Get grp's fullpath name */
	if((stat = NCZ_grpkey(grp,&fullpath)))
	    goto done;
    } else {
	NC_VAR_INFO_T* var = (NC_VAR_INFO_T*)container;
	/* Get var's fullpath name */
	if((stat = NCZ_varkey(var,&fullpath)))
	    goto done;
    }

    /* Construct the path to the .zattrs object */
    if((stat = nczm_concat(fullpath,ZATTRS,&key)))
	goto done;

    /* Download the .zattrs object: may not exist */
    switch ((stat=NCZ_downloadjson(map,key,&jattrs))) {
    case NC_NOERR: break;
    case NC_EEMPTY: stat = NC_NOERR; break; /* did not exist */
    default: goto done; /* failure */
    }
    nullfree(key); key = NULL;

    if(jattrs != NULL) {
	if(nczarrv1) {
	    /* Construct the path to the NCZATTRS object */
	    if((stat = nczm_concat(fullpath,NCZATTRS,&key))) goto done;
	    /* Download the NCZATTRS object: may not exist if pure zarr or using deprecated name */
	    stat=NCZ_downloadjson(map,key,&jncattr);
	    if(stat == NC_EEMPTY) {
	        /* try deprecated name */
	        nullfree(key); key = NULL;
	        if((stat = nczm_concat(fullpath,NCZATTRDEP,&key))) goto done;
	        stat=NCZ_downloadjson(map,key,&jncattr);
	    }
	} else {/* Get _NCZARR_ATTRS from .zattrs */
	    stat = NCJdictget(jattrs,NCZ_V2_ATTR,&jncattr);
	}
	nullfree(key); key = NULL;
	switch (stat) {
	case NC_NOERR: break;
	case NC_EEMPTY: stat = NC_NOERR; jncattr = NULL; break;
	default: goto done; /* failure */
	}
	if(jncattr != NULL) {
	    NCjson* jtypes = NULL;
	    /* jncattr attribute should be a dict */
	    if(NCJsort(jncattr) != NCJ_DICT) {stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;}
	    /* Extract "types; may not exist if only hidden attributes are defined */
	    if((stat = NCJdictget(jncattr,"types",&jtypes))) goto done;
	    if(jtypes != NULL) {
	        if(NCJsort(jtypes) != NCJ_DICT) {stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;}
	        /* Convert to an envv list */
	        for(i=0;i<NCJlength(jtypes);i+=2) {
		    const NCjson* key = NCJith(jtypes,i);
		    const NCjson* value = NCJith(jtypes,i+1);
		    if(NCJsort(key) != NCJ_STRING) {stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;}
		    if(NCJsort(value) != NCJ_STRING) {stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;}
		    nclistpush(atypes,strdup(NCJstring(key)));
		    nclistpush(atypes,strdup(NCJstring(value)));
	        }
	    }
	}
    }
    if(jattrsp) {*jattrsp = jattrs; jattrs = NULL;}
    if(atypesp) {*atypesp = atypes; atypes = NULL;}

done:
    if(nczarrv1)
        NCJreclaim(jncattr);
    if(stat) {
	NCJreclaim(jnczarr);
	nclistfreeall(atypes);
    }
    nullfree(fullpath);
    nullfree(key);
    return THROW(stat);
}

/* Convert a json value to actual data values of an attribute. */
static int
zconvert(nc_type typeid, size_t typelen, NCjson* src, void* dst0)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    int i;
    size_t len;
    unsigned char* dst = dst0; /* Work in char* space so we can do pointer arithmetic */

    switch (NCJsort(src)) {
    case NCJ_ARRAY:
	for(i=0;i<NCJlength(src);i++) {
	    NCjson* value = NCJith(src,i);
	    assert(NCJsort(value) != NCJ_STRING);
	    if((stat = NCZ_convert1(value, typeid, dst)))
		goto done;
	    dst += typelen;
	}
	break;
    case NCJ_STRING:
	if(typeid == NC_CHAR) {
	    len = strlen(NCJstring(src));
	    memcpy(dst,NCJstring(src),len);
	    dst[len] = '\0'; /* nul terminate */
	    break;
	}
	/* Fall thru */
    case NCJ_INT: case NCJ_DOUBLE: case NCJ_BOOLEAN:
	if((stat = NCZ_convert1(src, typeid, dst)))
	    goto done;
	break;
    default: stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;
    }

done:
    return THROW(stat);
}

/*
Extract type and data for an attribute
*/
static int
computeattrinfo(const char* name, NClist* atypes, NCjson* values,
		nc_type* typeidp, size_t* typelenp, size_t* lenp, void** datap)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    int i;
    size_t len, typelen;
    void* data = NULL;
    nc_type typeid;

    /* Get type info for the given att */
    typeid = NC_NAT;
    for(i=0;i<nclistlength(atypes);i+=2) {
	const char* aname = nclistget(atypes,i);
	if(strcmp(aname,name)==0) {
	    const char* atype = nclistget(atypes,i+1);
	    if((stat = ncz_dtype2typeinfo(atype,&typeid,NULL))) {
		if((stat = ncz_nctype2typeinfo(atype,&typeid))) goto done;
	    }
	    break;
	}
    }
    if(typeid >= NC_STRING)
	{stat = NC_EINTERNAL; goto done;}
    if((stat = computeattrdata(&typeid, values, &typelen, &len, &data))) goto done;

    if(typeidp) *typeidp = typeid;
    if(lenp) *lenp = len;
    if(typelenp) *typelenp = typelen;
    if(datap) {*datap = data; data = NULL;}

done:
    nullfree(data);
    return THROW(stat);
}

/*
Extract data for an attribute
*/
static int
computeattrdata(nc_type* typeidp, NCjson* values, size_t* typelenp, size_t* lenp, void** datap)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    size_t count;
    void* data = NULL;
    size_t typelen;
    nc_type typeid = NC_NAT;
    NCjson* jtext = NULL;
    int reclaimvalues = 0;

    /* Get assumed type */
    if(typeidp) typeid = *typeidp;
    if(typeid == NC_NAT) if((stat = inferattrtype(values,&typeid))) goto done;
    if(typeid == NC_NAT) {stat = NC_EBADTYPE; goto done;}

    if((stat = NC4_inq_atomic_type(typeid, NULL, &typelen)))
        goto done;

    /* Collect the length of the attribute; might be a singleton  */
    switch (NCJsort(values)) {
    case NCJ_ARRAY:
	count = NCJlength(values);
	break;
    case NCJ_DICT:
	/* Apply the JSON dictionary convention and convert to string */
	if((stat = read_dict(values,&jtext))) goto done;
	values = jtext; jtext = NULL;
	reclaimvalues = 1;
	/* fall thru */
    case NCJ_STRING: /* requires special handling as an array of characters; also look out for empty string */
	if(typeid == NC_CHAR) {
	    count = strlen(NCJstring(values));
	    if(count == 0) count = 1; /* Actually a single nul char, probably default fill value ugh!*/
	} else
	    count = 1;
	break;
    default:
	count = 1; /* singleton */
	break;
    }

    if(count > 0 && data == NULL) {
        /* Allocate data space */
        if(typeid == NC_CHAR)
            data = malloc(typelen*(count+1));
        else
            data = malloc(typelen*count);
        if(data == NULL)
	    {stat = NC_ENOMEM; goto done;}
        /* convert to target type */
        if((stat = zconvert(typeid, typelen, values, data)))
   	    goto done;
    }
    if(lenp) *lenp = count;
    if(typelenp) *typelenp = typelen;
    if(datap) {*datap = data; data = NULL;}
    if(typeidp) *typeidp = typeid; /* return possibly inferred type */

done:
    if(reclaimvalues) NCJreclaim(values); /* we created it */
    nullfree(data);
    return THROW(stat);
}

static int
inferattrtype(NCjson* value, nc_type* typeidp)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    nc_type typeid;
    NCjson* j = NULL;
    unsigned long long u64;
    long long i64;
    int negative = 0;

    if(NCJsort(value) == NCJ_ARRAY && NCJlength(value) == 0)
        {typeid = NC_NAT; goto done;}

    if(NCJsort(value) == NCJ_NULL)
        {typeid = NC_NAT; goto done;}

    if(value->sort == NCJ_ARRAY) {
        j=NCJith(value,0);
	return inferattrtype(j,typeidp);
    }

    switch (NCJsort(value)) {
    case NCJ_NULL:
        typeid = NC_CHAR;
	return NC_NOERR;
    case NCJ_DICT:
    	typeid = NC_CHAR;
	goto done;
    case NCJ_UNDEF:
	return NC_EINVAL;
    default: /* atomic */
	break;
    }
    if(NCJstring(value) != NULL)
        negative = (NCJstring(value)[0] == '-');
    switch (value->sort) {
    case NCJ_INT:
	if(negative) {
	    sscanf(NCJstring(value),"%lld",&i64);
	    u64 = (unsigned long long)i64;
	} else
	    sscanf(NCJstring(value),"%llu",&u64);
	typeid = mininttype(u64,negative);
	break;
    case NCJ_DOUBLE:
	typeid = NC_DOUBLE;
	break;
    case NCJ_BOOLEAN:
	typeid = NC_UBYTE;
	break;
    case NCJ_STRING: /* requires special handling as an array of characters */
	typeid = NC_CHAR;
	break;
    default:
	stat = NC_ENCZARR;
    }
done:
    if(typeidp) *typeidp = typeid;
    return stat;
}

static int
mininttype(unsigned long long u64, int negative)
{
    long long i64 = (long long)u64; /* keep bit pattern */
    if(!negative && u64 >= NC_MAX_INT64) return NC_UINT64;
    if(i64 < 0) {
	if(i64 >= NC_MIN_BYTE) return NC_BYTE;
	if(i64 >= NC_MIN_SHORT) return NC_SHORT;
	if(i64 >= NC_MIN_INT) return NC_INT;
	return NC_INT64;
    }
    if(i64 <= NC_MAX_BYTE) return NC_BYTE;
    if(i64 <= NC_MAX_UBYTE) return NC_UBYTE;
    if(i64 <= NC_MAX_SHORT) return NC_SHORT;
    if(i64 <= NC_MAX_USHORT) return NC_USHORT;
    if(i64 <= NC_MAX_INT) return NC_INT;
    if(i64 <= NC_MAX_UINT) return NC_UINT;
    return NC_INT64;
}


/**
 * @internal Read file data from map to memory.
 *
 * @param file Pointer to file info struct.
 *
 * @return ::NC_NOERR No error.
 * @author Dennis Heimbigner
 */
int
ncz_read_file(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    NCjson* json = NULL;

    LOG((3, "%s: file: %s", __func__, file->controller->path));

    /* _nczarr should already have been read in ncz_open_dataset */

    /* Now load the groups starting with root */
    if((stat = define_grp(file,file->root_grp)))
	goto done;

done:
    NCJreclaim(json);
    return THROW(stat);
}

/**
 * @internal Read group data from map to memory
 *
 * @param file Pointer to file struct
 * @param grp Pointer to grp struct
 *
 * @return ::NC_NOERR No error.
 * @author Dennis Heimbigner
 */
static int
define_grp(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    NCZ_FILE_INFO_T* zinfo = NULL;
    NCZMAP* map = NULL;
    char* fullpath = NULL;
    char* key = NULL;
    NCjson* json = NULL;
    NCjson* jgroup = NULL;
    NCjson* jdict = NULL;
    NClist* dimdefs = nclistnew();
    NClist* varnames = nclistnew();
    NClist* subgrps = nclistnew();
    int purezarr = 0;
    int v1 = 0;

    LOG((3, "%s: dims: %s", __func__, key));

    zinfo = file->format_file_info;
    map = zinfo->map;

    /* Construct grp path */
    if((stat = NCZ_grpkey(grp,&fullpath)))
	goto done;

    if(zinfo->controls.flags & FLAG_PUREZARR) {
	if((stat = parse_group_content_pure(zinfo,grp,varnames,subgrps)))
	    goto done;
        purezarr = 1;
    } else { /*!purezarr*/
	if(zinfo->controls.flags & FLAG_NCZARR_V1) {
	    /* build NCZGROUP path */
	    if((stat = nczm_concat(fullpath,NCZGROUP,&key)))
	        goto done;
	    /* Read */
	    jdict = NULL;
	    stat=NCZ_downloadjson(map,key,&jdict);
	    v1 = 1;
	} else {
  	    /* build ZGROUP path */
	    if((stat = nczm_concat(fullpath,ZGROUP,&key)))
	        goto done;
	    /* Read */
	    switch (stat=NCZ_downloadjson(map,key,&jgroup)) {
	    case NC_NOERR: /* we read it */
	        /* Extract the NCZ_V2_GROUP dict */
	        if((stat = NCJdictget(jgroup,NCZ_V2_GROUP,&jdict))) goto done;
	        break;
	    case NC_EEMPTY: /* does not exist, use search */
	        if((stat = parse_group_content_pure(zinfo,grp,varnames,subgrps)))
		    goto done;
	        purezarr = 1;
	        break;
	    default: goto done;
	    }
	}
	nullfree(key); key = NULL;
	if(jdict) {
            /* Pull out lists about group content */
	    if((stat = parse_group_content(jdict,dimdefs,varnames,subgrps)))
	        goto done;
	}
    }

    if(!purezarr) {
	/* Define dimensions */
	if((stat = define_dims(file,grp,dimdefs))) goto done;
    }

    /* Define vars taking xarray into account */
    if((stat = define_vars(file,grp,varnames))) goto done;

    /* Define sub-groups */
    if((stat = define_subgrps(file,grp,subgrps))) goto done;

done:
    if(v1) NCJreclaim(jdict);
    NCJreclaim(json);
    NCJreclaim(jgroup);
    nclistfreeall(dimdefs);
    nclistfreeall(varnames);
    nclistfreeall(subgrps);
    nullfree(fullpath);
    nullfree(key);
    return THROW(stat);
}


/**
@internal Read attributes from a group or var and create a list
of annotated NC_ATT_INFO_T* objects. This will process
_NCProperties attribute specially.
@param zfile - [in] the containing file (annotation)
@param container - [in] the containing object
@return NC_NOERR
@author Dennis Heimbigner
*/
int
ncz_read_atts(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_OBJ* container)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    int i;
    char* fullpath = NULL;
    char* key = NULL;
    NCZ_FILE_INFO_T* zinfo = NULL;
    NCZMAP* map = NULL;
    NC_ATT_INFO_T* att = NULL;
    NCindex* attlist = NULL;
    NCjson* jattrs = NULL;
    NClist* atypes = NULL;
    nc_type typeid;
    size_t len, typelen;
    void* data = NULL;
    NC_ATT_INFO_T* fillvalueatt = NULL;

    zinfo = file->format_file_info;
    map = zinfo->map;

    if(container->sort == NCGRP)
	attlist = ((NC_GRP_INFO_T*)container)->att;
    else
	attlist = ((NC_VAR_INFO_T*)container)->att;

    switch ((stat = load_jatts(map, container, (zinfo->controls.flags & FLAG_NCZARR_V1), &jattrs, &atypes))) {
    case NC_NOERR: break;
    case NC_EEMPTY:  /* container has no attributes */
        stat = NC_NOERR;
	break;
    default: goto done; /* true error */
    }

    if(jattrs != NULL) {
	/* Iterate over the attributes to create the in-memory attributes */
	/* Watch for special cases: _FillValue and  _ARRAY_DIMENSIONS (xarray) */
	for(i=0;i<NCJlength(jattrs);i+=2) {
	    NCjson* key = NCJith(jattrs,i);
	    NCjson* value = NCJith(jattrs,i+1);
	    const NC_reservedatt* ra = NULL;

	    /* See if this is reserved attribute */
	    ra = NC_findreserved(NCJstring(key));
	    if(ra != NULL) {
		/* case 1: name = _NCProperties, grp=root, varid==NC_GLOBAL, flags & READONLYFLAG */
		if(strcmp(NCJstring(key),NCPROPS)==0
		   && container->sort == NCGRP
		   && file->root_grp == (NC_GRP_INFO_T*)container) {
		    /* Setup provenance */
		    if(NCJsort(value) != NCJ_STRING)
			{stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;} /*malformed*/
		    if((stat = NCZ_read_provenance(file,NCJstring(key),NCJstring(value))))
			goto done;
		}
		/* case 2: name = _ARRAY_DIMENSIONS, sort==NCVAR, flags & HIDDENATTRFLAG */
		if(strcmp(NCJstring(key),NC_XARRAY_DIMS)==0
		   && container->sort == NCVAR
		   && (ra->flags & HIDDENATTRFLAG)) {
		       /* store for later */
		    NCZ_VAR_INFO_T* zvar = (NCZ_VAR_INFO_T*)((NC_VAR_INFO_T*)container)->format_var_info;
		    int i;
		    assert(NCJsort(value) == NCJ_ARRAY);
		    if((zvar->xarray = nclistnew())==NULL)
		        {stat = NC_ENOMEM; goto done;}
		    for(i=0;i<NCJlength(value);i++) {
			const NCjson* k = NCJith(value,i);
			assert(k != NULL && NCJsort(k) == NCJ_STRING);
			nclistpush(zvar->xarray,strdup(NCJstring(k)));
		    }
		}
		/* else ignore */
		continue;
	    }
	    /* Create the attribute */
	    /* Collect the attribute's type and value  */
	    if((stat = computeattrinfo(NCJstring(key),atypes,value,
				   &typeid,&typelen,&len,&data)))
		goto done;
	    if((stat = ncz_makeattr(container,attlist,NCJstring(key),typeid,len,data,&att)))
		goto done;
	    nullfree(data); data = NULL; /* passed to the attribute */
	    /* Is this _FillValue ? */
	    if(strcmp(att->hdr.name,_FillValue)==0) fillvalueatt = att;
	}
    }
    /* If we have not read a _FillValue, then go ahead and create it */
    if(fillvalueatt == NULL && container->sort == NCVAR) {
	if((stat = ncz_create_fillvalue((NC_VAR_INFO_T*)container)))
	    goto done;
    }

    /* Remember that we have read the atts for this var or group. */
    if(container->sort == NCVAR)
	((NC_VAR_INFO_T*)container)->atts_read = 1;
    else
	((NC_GRP_INFO_T*)container)->atts_read = 1;

done:
    NCJreclaim(jattrs);
    nclistfreeall(atypes);
    nullfree(fullpath);
    nullfree(data);
    nullfree(key);
    return THROW(stat);
}

/**
 * @internal Materialize dimensions into memory
 *
 * @param file Pointer to file info struct.
 * @param grp Pointer to grp info struct.
 * @param diminfo List of (name,length) pairs
 *
 * @return ::NC_NOERR No error.
 * @author Dennis Heimbigner
 */
static int
define_dims(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, NClist* diminfo)
{
    int i,stat = NC_NOERR;

    /* Reify each dim in turn */
    for(i = 0; i < nclistlength(diminfo); i+=2) {
	NC_DIM_INFO_T* dim = NULL;
	size64_t len = 0;
	const char* name = nclistget(diminfo,i);
	const char* value = nclistget(diminfo,i+1);

	/* Create the NC_DIM_INFO_T object */
	sscanf(value,"%lld",&len); /* Get length */
	if(len <= 0)
	    {stat = NC_EDIMSIZE; goto done;}
	if((stat = nc4_dim_list_add(grp, name, (size_t)len, -1, &dim)))
	    goto done;
	if((dim->format_dim_info = calloc(1,sizeof(NCZ_DIM_INFO_T))) == NULL)
	    {stat = NC_ENOMEM; goto done;}
	((NCZ_DIM_INFO_T*)dim->format_dim_info)->common.file = file;
    }

done:
    return THROW(stat);
}

/**
 * @internal Materialize vars into memory;
 * Take xarray and purezarr into account.
 *
 * @param file Pointer to file info struct.
 * @param grp Pointer to grp info struct.
 * @param varnames List of names of variables in this group
 *
 * @return ::NC_NOERR No error.
 * @author Dennis Heimbigner
 */
static int
define_vars(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, NClist* varnames)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    int i,j;
    char* varpath = NULL;
    char* key = NULL;
    NCZ_FILE_INFO_T* zinfo = NULL;
    NCZ_VAR_INFO_T* zvar = NULL;
    NCZMAP* map = NULL;
    NCjson* jvar = NULL;
    NCjson* jncvar = NULL;
    NCjson* jdimrefs = NULL;
    NCjson* jvalue = NULL;
    int purezarr = 0;
    int xarray = 0;
    int formatv1 = 0;
    nc_type typeid;
    size64_t* shapes = NULL;
    int rank = 0;
    NClist* dimnames = nclistnew();
#ifdef ENABLE_NCZARR_FILTERS
    NCjson* jfilter = NULL;
    int chainindex;
#endif

    zinfo = file->format_file_info;
    map = zinfo->map;

    if(zinfo->controls.flags & FLAG_PUREZARR) purezarr = 1;
    if(zinfo->controls.flags & FLAG_NCZARR_V1) formatv1 = 1;
    if(zinfo->controls.flags & FLAG_XARRAYDIMS) {xarray = 1;}

    /* Load each var in turn */
    for(i = 0; i < nclistlength(varnames); i++) {
	NC_VAR_INFO_T* var;
	const char* varname = nclistget(varnames,i);

	/* Create the NC_VAR_INFO_T object */
	if((stat = nc4_var_list_add2(grp, varname, &var)))
	    goto done;

	/* And its annotation */
	if((zvar = calloc(1,sizeof(NCZ_VAR_INFO_T)))==NULL)
	    {stat = NC_ENOMEM; goto done;}
	var->format_var_info = zvar;
	zvar->common.file = file;

        /* pretend it was created */
	var->created = 1;

	/* Indicate we do not have quantizer yet */
	var->quantize_mode = -1;

	/* Set filter list */
	assert(var->filters == NULL);
	var->filters = (void*)nclistnew();

	/* Construct var path */
	if((stat = NCZ_varkey(var,&varpath)))
	    goto done;

	/* Construct the path to the zarray object */
	if((stat = nczm_concat(varpath,ZARRAY,&key)))
	    goto done;
	/* Download the zarray object */
	if((stat=NCZ_readdict(map,key,&jvar)))
	    goto done;
	nullfree(key); key = NULL;
	assert(NCJsort(jvar) == NCJ_DICT);

        /* Extract the .zarray info from jvar */

	/* Verify the format */
	{
	    int version;
	    if((stat = NCJdictget(jvar,"zarr_format",&jvalue))) goto done;
	    sscanf(NCJstring(jvalue),"%d",&version);
	    if(version != zinfo->zarr.zarr_version)
		{stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;}
	}
	/* Set the type and endianness of the variable */
	{
	    nc_type vtype;
	    int endianness;
	    if((stat = NCJdictget(jvar,"dtype",&jvalue))) goto done;
	    /* Convert dtype to nc_type + endianness */
	    if((stat = ncz_dtype2typeinfo(NCJstring(jvalue),&vtype,&endianness)))
		goto done;
	    if(vtype > NC_NAT && vtype < NC_STRING) {
		/* Locate the NC_TYPE_INFO_T object */
		if((stat = ncz_gettype(file,grp,vtype,&var->type_info)))
		    goto done;
	    } else {stat = NC_EBADTYPE; goto done;}
	    if(endianness == NC_ENDIAN_NATIVE)
		endianness = zinfo->native_endianness;
	    if(endianness == NC_ENDIAN_LITTLE || endianness == NC_ENDIAN_BIG) {
		var->endianness = endianness;
	    } else {stat = NC_EBADTYPE; goto done;}
	    var->type_info->endianness = var->endianness; /* Propagate */
	}
	/* shape */
	{
	    if((stat = NCJdictget(jvar,"shape",&jvalue))) goto done;
	    if(NCJsort(jvalue) != NCJ_ARRAY) {stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;}
	    /* Verify the rank */
	    if(zvar->scalar) rank = 0; else rank = NCJlength(jvalue);
	    /* Set the rank of the variable */
	    if((stat = nc4_var_set_ndims(var, rank))) goto done;
	    /* extract the shapes */
	    if((shapes = (size64_t*)malloc(sizeof(size64_t)*rank)) == NULL)
	        {stat = THROW(NC_ENOMEM); goto done;}
	    if((stat = decodeints(jvalue, shapes))) goto done;
	}
	/* Capture dimension_separator (must precede chunk cache creation) */
	{
	    NCglobalstate* ngs = NC_getglobalstate();
	    assert(ngs != NULL);
	    zvar->dimension_separator = 0;
	    if((stat = NCJdictget(jvar,"dimension_separator",&jvalue))) goto done;
	    if(jvalue != NULL) {
	        /* Verify its value */
		if(NCJsort(jvalue) == NCJ_STRING && NCJstring(jvalue) != NULL && strlen(NCJstring(jvalue)) == 1)
		   zvar->dimension_separator = NCJstring(jvalue)[0];
	    }
	    /* If value is invalid, then use global default */
	    if(!islegaldimsep(zvar->dimension_separator))
	        zvar->dimension_separator = ngs->zarr.dimension_separator; /* use global value */
	    assert(islegaldimsep(zvar->dimension_separator)); /* we are hosed */
	}
	/* fill_value; must precede calls to adjust cache */
	{
	    if((stat = NCJdictget(jvar,"fill_value",&jvalue))) goto done;
	    if(jvalue == NULL || NCJsort(jvalue) == NCJ_NULL)
		var->no_fill = 1;
	    else {
		size_t fvlen;
		typeid = var->type_info->hdr.id;
		var->no_fill = 0;
		if((stat = computeattrdata(&typeid, jvalue, NULL, &fvlen, &var->fill_value)))
		    goto done;
		assert(typeid == var->type_info->hdr.id);
		/* Note that we do not create the _FillValue
		   attribute here to avoid having to read all
		   the attributes and thus foiling lazy read.*/
	    }
	}
	/* chunks */
	{
	    int rank;
	    size64_t chunks[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
	    if((stat = NCJdictget(jvar,"chunks",&jvalue))) goto done;
	    if(jvalue != NULL && NCJsort(jvalue) != NCJ_ARRAY)
		{stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;}
	    /* Verify the rank */
	    rank = NCJlength(jvalue);
	    if(rank > 0) {
		var->storage = NC_CHUNKED;
		if(var->ndims+zvar->scalar != rank)
		    {stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;}
		if((var->chunksizes = malloc(sizeof(size_t)*rank)) == NULL)
		    {stat = NC_ENOMEM; goto done;}
		if((stat = decodeints(jvalue, chunks))) goto done;
		/* validate the chunk sizes */
		zvar->chunkproduct = 1;
		for(j=0;j<rank;j++) {
		    if(chunks[j] == 0 || chunks[j] > shapes[j])
			{stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;}
		    var->chunksizes[j] = (size_t)chunks[j];
		    zvar->chunkproduct *= chunks[j];
		}
		zvar->chunksize = zvar->chunkproduct * var->type_info->size;
		/* Create the cache */
		if((stat = NCZ_create_chunk_cache(var,var->type_info->size*zvar->chunkproduct,zvar->dimension_separator,&zvar->cache)))
		    goto done;
		if((stat = NCZ_adjust_var_cache(var))) goto done;
	    }
	}
	/* Capture row vs column major; currently, column major not used*/
	{
	    if((stat = NCJdictget(jvar,"order",&jvalue))) goto done;
	    if(strcmp(NCJstring(jvalue),"C")==1)
		((NCZ_VAR_INFO_T*)var->format_var_info)->order = 1;
	    else ((NCZ_VAR_INFO_T*)var->format_var_info)->order = 0;
	}
        /* filters key */
        /* From V2 Spec: A list of JSON objects providing codec configurations,
           or null if no filters are to be applied. Each codec configuration
           object MUST contain a "id" key identifying the codec to be used. */
	/* Do filters key before compressor key so final filter chain is in correct order */
	{
	    if(var->filters == NULL) var->filters = (void*)nclistnew();
   	    if(zvar->incompletefilters == NULL) zvar->incompletefilters = (void*)nclistnew();
#ifdef ENABLE_NCZARR_FILTERS
	    { int k;
	    chainindex = 0; /* track location of filter in the chain */
	    if((stat = NCZ_filter_initialize())) goto done;
	    if((stat = NCJdictget(jvar,"filters",&jvalue))) goto done;
	    if(jvalue != NULL && NCJsort(jvalue) != NCJ_NULL) {
	        if(NCJsort(jvalue) != NCJ_ARRAY) {stat = NC_EFILTER; goto done;}
		for(k=0;;k++) {
		    jfilter = NULL;
		    jfilter = NCJith(jvalue,k);
		    if(jfilter == NULL) break; /* done */
		    if(NCJsort(jfilter) != NCJ_DICT) {stat = NC_EFILTER; goto done;}
		    if((stat = NCZ_filter_build(file,var,jfilter,chainindex++))) goto done;
		}
	    }
	    }
#endif
	}

        /* compressor key */
        /* From V2 Spec: A JSON object identifying the primary compression codec and providing
           configuration parameters, or ``null`` if no compressor is to be used. */
	{
	    if(var->filters == NULL) var->filters = (void*)nclistnew();
#ifdef ENABLE_NCZARR_FILTERS
	    if((stat = NCZ_filter_initialize())) goto done;
	    if((stat = NCJdictget(jvar,"compressor",&jfilter))) goto done;
	    if(jfilter != NULL && NCJsort(jfilter) != NCJ_NULL) {
	        if(NCJsort(jfilter) != NCJ_DICT) {stat = NC_EFILTER; goto done;}
		if((stat = NCZ_filter_build(file,var,jfilter,chainindex++))) goto done;
	    }
#endif
	}

	if(!purezarr) {
 	    if(formatv1) {
		/* Construct the path to the zarray object */
		if((stat = nczm_concat(varpath,NCZARRAY,&key)))
		    goto done;
		/* Download the nczarray object */
		if((stat=NCZ_readdict(map,key,&jncvar)))
		    goto done;
		nullfree(key); key = NULL;
	    } else {/* format v2 */
		 /* Extract the NCZ_V2_ARRAY dict */
	        if((stat = NCJdictget(jvar,NCZ_V2_ARRAY,&jncvar))) goto done;
	    }
	    if(jncvar == NULL) {stat = NC_ENCZARR; goto done;}
   	    assert((NCJsort(jncvar) == NCJ_DICT));
	    /* Extract storage flag */
	    if((stat = NCJdictget(jncvar,"storage",&jvalue)))
		goto done;
	    if(jvalue != NULL) {
		if(strcmp(NCJstring(jvalue),"chunked") == 0) {
		    var->storage = NC_CHUNKED;
		} else if(strcmp(NCJstring(jvalue),"compact") == 0) {
		    var->storage = NC_COMPACT;
		} else if(strcmp(NCJstring(jvalue),"scalar") == 0) {
		    var->storage = NC_CONTIGUOUS;
		    zvar->scalar = 1;
		} else { /*storage = NC_CONTIGUOUS;*/
		    var->storage = NC_CONTIGUOUS;
		}
	    }
	    /* Extract dimnames list  */
	    switch ((stat = NCJdictget(jncvar,"dimrefs",&jdimrefs))) {
	    case NC_NOERR: /* Extract the dimref names */
		assert((NCJsort(jdimrefs) == NCJ_ARRAY));
		assert(NCJlength(jdimrefs) == rank);
		for(j=0;j<rank;j++) {
		    const NCjson* dimpath = NCJith(jdimrefs,j);
		    assert(NCJsort(dimpath) == NCJ_STRING);
		    nclistpush(dimnames,strdup(NCJstring(dimpath)));
		}
		jdimrefs = NULL; /* avoid double free */
		break;
	    case NC_EEMPTY: /* will simulate it from the shape of the variable */
		stat = NC_NOERR;
		break;
	    default: goto done;
	    }
	    jdimrefs = NULL;
	}

	if((stat = computedimrefs(file, var, purezarr, xarray, rank, dimnames, shapes, var->dim)))
	    goto done;

	/* Extract the dimids */
	for(j=0;j<rank;j++)
	    var->dimids[j] = var->dim[j]->hdr.id;

#ifdef ENABLE_NCZARR_FILTERS
	/* At this point, we can finalize the filters */
        if((stat = NCZ_filter_setup(var))) goto done;
#endif
	/* Clean up from last cycle */
	nclistfreeall(dimnames); dimnames = nclistnew();
        nullfree(varpath); varpath = NULL;
        nullfree(shapes); shapes = NULL;
        if(formatv1) {NCJreclaim(jncvar); jncvar = NULL;}
        NCJreclaim(jvar); jvar = NULL;
    }

done:
    nullfree(shapes);
    nullfree(varpath);
    nullfree(key);
    nclistfreeall(dimnames);
    NCJreclaim(jvar);
    if(formatv1) NCJreclaim(jncvar);
    return THROW(stat);
}

/**
 * @internal Materialize subgroups into memory
 *
 * @param file Pointer to file info struct.
 * @param grp Pointer to grp info struct.
 * @param subgrpnames List of names of subgroups in this group
 *
 * @return ::NC_NOERR No error.
 * @author Dennis Heimbigner
 */
static int
define_subgrps(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, NClist* subgrpnames)
{
    int i,stat = NC_NOERR;

    /* Load each subgroup name in turn */
    for(i = 0; i < nclistlength(subgrpnames); i++) {
	NC_GRP_INFO_T* g = NULL;
	const char* gname = nclistget(subgrpnames,i);
	char norm_name[NC_MAX_NAME];
	/* Check and normalize the name. */
	if((stat = nc4_check_name(gname, norm_name)))
	    goto done;
	if((stat = nc4_grp_list_add(file, grp, norm_name, &g)))
	    goto done;
	if(!(g->format_grp_info = calloc(1, sizeof(NCZ_GRP_INFO_T))))
	    {stat = NC_ENOMEM; goto done;}
	((NCZ_GRP_INFO_T*)g->format_grp_info)->common.file = file;
    }

    /* Recurse to fill in subgroups */
    for(i=0;i<ncindexsize(grp->children);i++) {
	NC_GRP_INFO_T* g = (NC_GRP_INFO_T*)ncindexith(grp->children,i);
	if((stat = define_grp(file,g)))
	    goto done;
    }

done:
    return THROW(stat);
}

int
ncz_read_superblock(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, char** nczarrvp, char** zarrfp)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    NCjson* jnczgroup = NULL;
    NCjson* jzgroup = NULL;
    NCjson* jsuper = NULL;
    NCjson* jtmp = NULL;
    char* nczarr_version = NULL;
    char* zarr_format = NULL;
    NCZ_FILE_INFO_T* zinfo = (NCZ_FILE_INFO_T*)file->format_file_info;

    /* See if the V1 META-Root is being used */
    switch(stat = NCZ_downloadjson(zinfo->map, NCZMETAROOT, &jnczgroup)) {
    case NC_EEMPTY: /* not there */
	stat = NC_NOERR;
	break;
    case NC_NOERR:
	if((stat = NCJdictget(jnczgroup,"nczarr_version",&jtmp))) goto done;
	nczarr_version = strdup(NCJstring(jtmp));
	break;
    default: goto done;
    }
    /* Also gett Zarr Root Group */
    switch(stat = NCZ_downloadjson(zinfo->map, ZMETAROOT, &jzgroup)) {
    case NC_NOERR:
	break;
    case NC_EEMPTY: /* not there */
	stat = NC_NOERR;
	assert(jzgroup == NULL);
	break;
    default: goto done;
    }
    if(jzgroup != NULL) {
        /* See if this NCZarr V2 */
        if((stat = NCJdictget(jzgroup,NCZ_V2_SUPERBLOCK,&jsuper))) goto done;
	if(jsuper != NULL) {
	    /* Extract the equivalent attribute */
	    if(jsuper->sort != NCJ_DICT)
	        {stat = NC_ENCZARR; goto done;}
	    if((stat = NCJdictget(jsuper,"version",&jtmp))) goto done;
	    nczarr_version = nulldup(NCJstring(jtmp));
	}
        /* In any case, extract the zarr format */
        if((stat = NCJdictget(jzgroup,"zarr_format",&jtmp))) goto done;
        zarr_format = nulldup(NCJstring(jtmp));
    }
    /* Set the controls */
    if(jnczgroup == NULL && jsuper == NULL) {
	zinfo->controls.flags |= FLAG_PUREZARR;
    } else if(jnczgroup != NULL) {
	zinfo->controls.flags |= FLAG_NCZARR_V1;
	/* Also means file is read only */
	file->no_write = 1;
    } else if(jsuper != NULL) {
	/* ! FLAG_NCZARR_V1 && ! FLAG_PUREZARR */
    }
    if(nczarrvp) {*nczarrvp = nczarr_version; nczarr_version = NULL;}
    if(zarrfp) {*zarrfp = zarr_format; zarr_format = NULL;}
done:
    nullfree(zarr_format);
    nullfree(nczarr_version);
    NCJreclaim(jzgroup);
    NCJreclaim(jnczgroup);
    return THROW(stat);
}

/**************************************************/
/* Utilities */

static int
parse_group_content(NCjson* jcontent, NClist* dimdefs, NClist* varnames, NClist* subgrps)
{
    int i,stat = NC_NOERR;
    NCjson* jvalue = NULL;

    if((stat=NCJdictget(jcontent,"dims",&jvalue))) goto done;
    if(jvalue != NULL) {
	if(NCJsort(jvalue) != NCJ_DICT) {stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;}
	/* Extract the dimensions defined in this group */
	for(i=0;i<NCJlength(jvalue);i+=2) {
	    NCjson* jname = NCJith(jvalue,i);
	    NCjson* jlen = NCJith(jvalue,i+1);
	    char norm_name[NC_MAX_NAME + 1];
	    size64_t len;
	    /* Verify name legality */
	    if((stat = nc4_check_name(NCJstring(jname), norm_name)))
		{stat = NC_EBADNAME; goto done;}
	    /* check the length */
	    sscanf(NCJstring(jlen),"%lld",&len);
	    if(len < 0)
		{stat = NC_EDIMSIZE; goto done;}
	    nclistpush(dimdefs,strdup(norm_name));
	    nclistpush(dimdefs,strdup(NCJstring(jlen)));
	}
    }

    if((stat=NCJdictget(jcontent,"vars",&jvalue))) goto done;
    if(jvalue != NULL) {
	/* Extract the variable names in this group */
	for(i=0;i<NCJlength(jvalue);i++) {
	    NCjson* jname = NCJith(jvalue,i);
	    char norm_name[NC_MAX_NAME + 1];
	    /* Verify name legality */
	    if((stat = nc4_check_name(NCJstring(jname), norm_name)))
		{stat = NC_EBADNAME; goto done;}
	    nclistpush(varnames,strdup(norm_name));
	}
    }

    if((stat=NCJdictget(jcontent,"groups",&jvalue))) goto done;
    if(jvalue != NULL) {
	/* Extract the subgroup names in this group */
	for(i=0;i<NCJlength(jvalue);i++) {
	    NCjson* jname = NCJith(jvalue,i);
	    char norm_name[NC_MAX_NAME + 1];
	    /* Verify name legality */
	    if((stat = nc4_check_name(NCJstring(jname), norm_name)))
		{stat = NC_EBADNAME; goto done;}
	    nclistpush(subgrps,strdup(norm_name));
	}
    }

done:
    return THROW(stat);
}

static int
parse_group_content_pure(NCZ_FILE_INFO_T*  zinfo, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, NClist* varnames, NClist* subgrps)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;

    nclistclear(varnames);
    if((stat = searchvars(zinfo,grp,varnames))) goto done;
    nclistclear(subgrps);
    if((stat = searchsubgrps(zinfo,grp,subgrps))) goto done;

done:
    return THROW(stat);
}


#if 0
static int
parse_var_dims_pure(NCZ_FILE_INFO_T*  zinfo, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, NC_VAR_INFO_T* var, size64_t* shapes)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    char* varkey = NULL;
    char* zakey = NULL;
    NCjson* jvar = NULL;
    NCjson* jvalue = NULL;

    /* Construct var path */
    if((stat = NCZ_varkey(var,&varkey))) goto done;
    /* Construct .zarray path */
    if((stat = nczm_concat(varkey,ZARRAY,&zakey))) goto done;
    /* Download the zarray object */
    if((stat=NCZ_readdict(zinfo->map,zakey,&jvar)))
	goto done;
    assert((NCJsort(jvar) == NCJ_DICT));
    nullfree(varkey); varkey = NULL;
    nullfree(zakey); zakey = NULL;
    /* Extract the shape */
    if((stat=NCJdictget(jvar,"shape",&jvalue))) goto done;
    if((stat = decodeints(jvalue, shapes))) goto done;

done:
    NCJreclaim(jvar);
    NCJreclaim(jvalue);
    nullfree(varkey); varkey = NULL;
    nullfree(zakey); zakey = NULL;
    return THROW(stat);
}
#endif

static int
searchvars(NCZ_FILE_INFO_T* zfile, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, NClist* varnames)
{
    int i,stat = NC_NOERR;
    char* grpkey = NULL;
    char* varkey = NULL;
    char* zarray = NULL;
    NClist* matches = nclistnew();

    /* Compute the key for the grp */
    if((stat = NCZ_grpkey(grp,&grpkey))) goto done;
    /* Get the map and search group */
    if((stat = nczmap_search(zfile->map,grpkey,matches))) goto done;
    for(i=0;i<nclistlength(matches);i++) {
	const char* name = nclistget(matches,i);
	if(name[0] == NCZM_DOT) continue; /* zarr/nczarr specific */
	/* See if name/.zarray exists */
	if((stat = nczm_concat(grpkey,name,&varkey))) goto done;
	if((stat = nczm_concat(varkey,ZARRAY,&zarray))) goto done;
	if((stat = nczmap_exists(zfile->map,zarray)) == NC_NOERR)
	    nclistpush(varnames,strdup(name));
	stat = NC_NOERR;
	nullfree(varkey); varkey = NULL;
	nullfree(zarray); zarray = NULL;
    }

done:
    nullfree(grpkey);
    nullfree(varkey);
    nullfree(zarray);
    nclistfreeall(matches);
    return stat;
}

static int
searchsubgrps(NCZ_FILE_INFO_T* zfile, NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp, NClist* subgrpnames)
{
    int i,stat = NC_NOERR;
    char* grpkey = NULL;
    char* subkey = NULL;
    char* zgroup = NULL;
    NClist* matches = nclistnew();

    /* Compute the key for the grp */
    if((stat = NCZ_grpkey(grp,&grpkey))) goto done;
    /* Get the map and search group */
    if((stat = nczmap_search(zfile->map,grpkey,matches))) goto done;
    for(i=0;i<nclistlength(matches);i++) {
	const char* name = nclistget(matches,i);
	if(name[0] == NCZM_DOT) continue; /* zarr/nczarr specific */
	/* See if name/.zgroup exists */
	if((stat = nczm_concat(grpkey,name,&subkey))) goto done;
	if((stat = nczm_concat(subkey,ZGROUP,&zgroup))) goto done;
	if((stat = nczmap_exists(zfile->map,zgroup)) == NC_NOERR)
	    nclistpush(subgrpnames,strdup(name));
	stat = NC_NOERR;
	nullfree(subkey); subkey = NULL;
	nullfree(zgroup); zgroup = NULL;
    }

done:
    nullfree(grpkey);
    nullfree(subkey);
    nullfree(zgroup);
    nclistfreeall(matches);
    return stat;
}

/* Convert a list of integer strings to 64 bit integers */
static int
decodeints(NCjson* jshape, size64_t* shapes)
{
    int i, stat = NC_NOERR;

    for(i=0;i<NCJlength(jshape);i++) {
	long long v;
	NCjson* jv = NCJith(jshape,i);
	if((stat = NCZ_convert1(jv,NC_INT64,(unsigned char*)&v))) goto done;
	if(v < 0) {stat = THROW(NC_ENCZARR); goto done;}
	shapes[i] = (size64_t)v;
    }

done:
    return THROW(stat);
}

/* This code is a subset of NCZ_def_dim */
static int
createdim(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, const char* name, size64_t dimlen, NC_DIM_INFO_T** dimp)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    NC_GRP_INFO_T* root = file->root_grp;
    NC_DIM_INFO_T* thed = NULL;
    if((stat = nc4_dim_list_add(root, name, (size_t)dimlen, -1, &thed)))
        goto done;
    assert(thed != NULL);
    /* Create struct for NCZ-specific dim info. */
    if (!(thed->format_dim_info = calloc(1, sizeof(NCZ_DIM_INFO_T))))
	{stat = NC_ENOMEM; goto done;}
    ((NCZ_DIM_INFO_T*)thed->format_dim_info)->common.file = file;
    *dimp = thed; thed = NULL;
done:
    return stat;
}


/*
Given a list of segments, find corresponding group.
*/
static int
locategroup(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, size_t nsegs, NClist* segments, NC_GRP_INFO_T** grpp)
{
    int i, j, found, stat = NC_NOERR;
    NC_GRP_INFO_T* grp = NULL;

    grp = file->root_grp;
    for(i=0;i<nsegs;i++) {
	const char* segment = nclistget(segments,i);
	char norm_name[NC_MAX_NAME];
	found = 0;
	if((stat = nc4_check_name(segment,norm_name))) goto done;
	for(j=0;j<ncindexsize(grp->children);j++) {
	    NC_GRP_INFO_T* subgrp = (NC_GRP_INFO_T*)ncindexith(grp->children,j);
	    if(strcmp(subgrp->hdr.name,norm_name)==0) {
		grp = subgrp;
		found = 1;
		break;
	    }
	}
	if(!found) {stat = NC_ENOGRP; goto done;}
    }
    /* grp should be group of interest */
    if(grpp) *grpp = grp;

done:
    return THROW(stat);
}

static int
parsedimrefs(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NClist* dimnames, size64_t* shape, NC_DIM_INFO_T** dims, int create)
{
    int i, stat = NC_NOERR;
    NClist* segments = NULL;

    for(i=0;i<nclistlength(dimnames);i++) {
	NC_GRP_INFO_T* g = NULL;
	NC_DIM_INFO_T* d = NULL;
	int j;
	const char* dimpath = nclistget(dimnames,i);
	const char* dimname = NULL;

	/* Locate the corresponding NC_DIM_INFO_T* object */
	nclistfreeall(segments);
	segments = nclistnew();
	if((stat = ncz_splitkey(dimpath,segments)))
	    goto done;
	if((stat=locategroup(file,nclistlength(segments)-1,segments,&g)))
	    goto done;
	/* Lookup the dimension */
	dimname = nclistget(segments,nclistlength(segments)-1);
	d = NULL;
	dims[i] = NULL;
	for(j=0;j<ncindexsize(g->dim);j++) {
	    d = (NC_DIM_INFO_T*)ncindexith(g->dim,j);
	    if(strcmp(d->hdr.name,dimname)==0) {
		dims[i] = d;
		break;
	    }
	}
	if(dims[i] == NULL && create) {
	    /* If not found and create then create it */
	    if((stat = createdim(file, dimname, shape[i], &dims[i])))
	        goto done;
	}
	assert(dims[i] != NULL);
	assert(dims[i]->len == shape[i]);
    }
done:
    nclistfreeall(segments);
    return THROW(stat);
}

/**
 * @internal Get the metadata for a variable.
 *
 * @param var Pointer to var info struct.
 *
 * @return ::NC_NOERR No error.
 * @return ::NC_EBADID Bad ncid.
 * @return ::NC_ENOMEM Out of memory.
 * @return ::NC_EHDFERR HDF5 returned error.
 * @return ::NC_EVARMETA Error with var metadata.
 * @author Ed Hartnett
 */
int
ncz_get_var_meta(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_VAR_INFO_T* var)
{
    int retval = NC_NOERR;

    assert(file && var && var->format_var_info);
    LOG((3, "%s: var %s", __func__, var->hdr.name));

    /* Have we already read the var metadata? */
    if (var->meta_read)
	return NC_NOERR;

#ifdef LOOK
    /* Get the current chunk cache settings. */
    if ((access_pid = H5Dget_access_plist(hdf5_var->hdf_datasetid)) < 0)
	BAIL(NC_EVARMETA);

    /* Learn about current chunk cache settings. */
    if ((H5Pget_chunk_cache(access_pid, &(var->chunk_cache_nelems),
			    &(var->chunk_cache_size), &rdcc_w0)) < 0)
	BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
    var->chunk_cache_preemption = rdcc_w0;

    /* Get the dataset creation properties. */
    if ((propid = H5Dget_create_plist(hdf5_var->hdf_datasetid)) < 0)
	BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);

    /* Get var chunking info. */
    if ((retval = get_chunking_info(propid, var)))
	BAIL(retval);

    /* Get filter info for a var. */
    if ((retval = get_filter_info(propid, var)))
	BAIL(retval);

    /* Get fill value, if defined. */
    if ((retval = get_fill_info(propid, var)))
	BAIL(retval);

    /* Is this a deflated variable with a chunksize greater than the
     * current cache size? */
    if ((retval = nc4_adjust_var_cache(var)))
	BAIL(retval);

    /* Is there an attribute which means quantization was used? */
    if ((retval = get_quantize_info(var)))
	BAIL(retval);

    if (var->coords_read && !var->dimscale)
	if ((retval = get_attached_info(var, hdf5_var, var->ndims, hdf5_var->hdf_datasetid)))
	    return retval;
#endif

    /* Remember that we have read the metadata for this var. */
    var->meta_read = NC_TRUE;

    return retval;
}

#if 0
int
ncz_create_superblock(NCZ_FILE_INFO_T* zinfo)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    NCjson* json = NULL;
    NCZMAP* map = NULL;
    char version[1024];

    ZTRACE(4,"zinfo=%s",zinfo->common.file->controller->path);

    /* If V2, then do not create a superblock per-se */
    if(!(zinfo->controls.flags & FLAG_NCZARR_V1)) goto done;

    map = zinfo->map;

    /* create superblock json */
    if((stat = NCJnew(NCJ_DICT,&json)))
	goto done;

    /* fill */
    snprintf(version,sizeof(version),"%d",zinfo->zarr.zarr_version);
    if((stat = NCJaddstring(json,NCJ_STRING,"zarr_format"))) goto done;
    if((stat = NCJaddstring(json,NCJ_INT,version))) goto done;
    if((stat = NCJaddstring(json,NCJ_STRING,NCZ_V2_VERSION))) goto done;
    {
	char ver[1024];
	snprintf(ver,sizeof(ver),"%lu.%lu.%lu",
	   zinfo->zarr.nczarr_version.major,
	   zinfo->zarr.nczarr_version.minor,
	   zinfo->zarr.nczarr_version.release);
	if((stat = NCJaddstring(json,NCJ_STRING,ver))) goto done;
    }
    /* Write back to map */
    if((stat=NCZ_uploadjson(map,NCZMETAROOT,json)))
        goto done;
done:
    NCJreclaim(json);
    return ZUNTRACE(stat);
}
#endif

/* Compute the set of dim refs for this variable, taking purezarr and xarray into account */
static int
computedimrefs(NC_FILE_INFO_T* file, NC_VAR_INFO_T* var, int purezarr, int xarray, int ndims, NClist* dimnames, size64_t* shapes, NC_DIM_INFO_T** dims)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    int i;
    int createdims = 0; /* 1 => we need to create the dims in root if they do not already exist */
    NCZ_FILE_INFO_T* zfile = (NCZ_FILE_INFO_T*)file->format_file_info;
    NCZ_VAR_INFO_T* zvar = (NCZ_VAR_INFO_T*)(var->format_var_info);
    NCjson* jatts = NULL;

    assert(zfile && zvar);

    if(purezarr && xarray) {/* Read in the attributes to get xarray dimdef attribute; Note that it might not exist */
	/* Note that if xarray && !purezarr, then xarray will be superceded by the nczarr dimensions key */
        char zdimname[4096];
	if(zvar->xarray == NULL) {
	    assert(nclistlength(dimnames) == 0);
	    if((stat = ncz_read_atts(file,(NC_OBJ*)var))) goto done;
	}
	if(zvar->xarray != NULL) {
	    /* convert xarray to the dimnames */
	    for(i=0;i<nclistlength(zvar->xarray);i++) {
	        snprintf(zdimname,sizeof(zdimname),"/%s",(const char*)nclistget(zvar->xarray,i));
	        nclistpush(dimnames,strdup(zdimname));
	    }
	}
	createdims = 1; /* may need to create them */
    }

    /* If pure zarr and we have no dimref names, then fake it */
    if(purezarr && nclistlength(dimnames) == 0) {
	createdims = 1;
        for(i=0;i<ndims;i++) {
	    /* Compute the set of absolute paths to dimrefs */
            char zdimname[4096];
	    snprintf(zdimname,sizeof(zdimname),"/%s_%llu",ZDIMANON,shapes[i]);
	    nclistpush(dimnames,strdup(zdimname));
	}
    }

    /* Now, use dimnames to get the dims; create if necessary */
    if((stat = parsedimrefs(file,dimnames,shapes,dims,createdims)))
        goto done;

done:
    NCJreclaim(jatts);
    return THROW(stat);
}

/**
Implement the JSON convention for dictionaries.

Reading: If the value of the attribute is a dictionary, then stringify
         it as the value and make the attribute be of type "char".

Writing: if the attribute is of type char and looks like a JSON dictionary,
	 then parse it as JSON and use that as its value in .zattrs.
*/

static int
read_dict(NCjson* jdict, NCjson** jtextp)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    NCjson* jtext = NULL;
    char* text = NULL;

    if(jdict == NULL) {stat = NC_EINVAL; goto done;}
    if(NCJsort(jdict) != NCJ_DICT)  {stat = NC_EINVAL; goto done;}
    if(NCJunparse(jdict,0,&text)) {stat = NC_EINVAL; goto done;}
    if(NCJnewstring(NCJ_STRING,text,&jtext)) {stat = NC_EINVAL; goto done;}
    *jtextp = jtext; jtext = NULL;
done:
    NCJreclaim(jtext);
    nullfree(text);
    return stat;
}

static int
write_dict(size_t len, const void* data, NCjson** jsonp)
{
    int stat = NC_NOERR;
    NCjson* jdict = NULL;

    assert(jsonp != NULL);
    if(NCJparsen(len,(char*)data,0,&jdict))
        {stat = NC_EINVAL; goto done;}
    if(NCJsort(jdict) != NCJ_DICT)
        {stat = NC_EINVAL; goto done;}
    *jsonp = jdict; jdict = NULL;
done:
    NCJreclaim(jdict);
    return stat;
}