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ce4803687b
+ fix several formatting issues with manual pages. + correct read of terminfo entry in which all strings are absent or explicitly cancelled. Before this fix, the result was that all were treated as only absent. + modify infocmp to suppress mixture of absent/cancelled capabilities that would only show as "NULL, NULL", unless the -q option is used, e.g., to show "-, @" or "@, -".
339 lines
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339 lines
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* @Id: curs_inopts.3x,v 1.25 2017/02/18 16:39:44 tom Exp @
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
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<meta name="generator" content="Manpage converted by man2html - see http://invisible-island.net/scripts/readme.html#others_scripts">
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<TITLE>curs_inopts 3x</TITLE>
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<link rev=made href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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</HEAD>
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<BODY>
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<H1 class="no-header">curs_inopts 3x</H1>
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<PRE>
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<STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
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<STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>, <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>, <STRONG>echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>, <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG>,
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<STRONG>keypad</STRONG>, <STRONG>meta</STRONG>, <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>notimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>raw</STRONG>, <STRONG>noraw</STRONG>, <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>,
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<STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>timeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>typeahead</STRONG> - <STRONG>curses</STRONG> input
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options
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
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<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>cbreak(void);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nocbreak(void);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>echo(void);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>noecho(void);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>halfdelay(int</STRONG> <STRONG>tenths);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>intrflush(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>keypad(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>meta(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nodelay(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>raw(void);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>noraw(void);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>noqiflush(void);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>qiflush(void);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>notimeout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>timeout(int</STRONG> <STRONG>delay);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wtimeout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>delay);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>typeahead(int</STRONG> <STRONG>fd);</STRONG>
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
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The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library provides several functions which let
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an application change the way input from the terminal is
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handled. Some are global, applying to all windows. Oth-
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ers apply only to a specific window. Window-specific set-
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tings are not automatically applied to new or derived win-
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dows. An application must apply these to each window, if
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the same behavior is needed.
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-cbreak">cbreak</a></H3><PRE>
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Normally, the tty driver buffers typed characters until a
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newline or carriage return is typed. The <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> routine
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disables line buffering and erase/kill character-process-
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ing (interrupt and flow control characters are unaffect-
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ed), making characters typed by the user immediately
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available to the program. The <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> routine returns
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the terminal to normal (cooked) mode.
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Initially the terminal may or may not be in <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode,
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as the mode is inherited; therefore, a program should call
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<STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> or <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> explicitly. Most interactive programs
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using <STRONG>curses</STRONG> set the <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode. Note that <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> over-
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rides <STRONG>raw</STRONG>. [See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> for a discussion of how
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these routines interact with <STRONG>echo</STRONG> and <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>.]
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-echo_noecho">echo/noecho</a></H3><PRE>
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The <STRONG>echo</STRONG> and <STRONG>noecho</STRONG> routines control whether characters
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typed by the user are echoed by <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">getch(3x)</A></STRONG> as they are
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typed. Echoing by the tty driver is always disabled, but
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initially <STRONG>getch</STRONG> is in echo mode, so characters typed are
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echoed. Authors of most interactive programs prefer to do
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their own echoing in a controlled area of the screen, or
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not to echo at all, so they disable echoing by calling
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<STRONG>noecho</STRONG>. [See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> for a discussion of how these
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routines interact with <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> and <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>.]
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-halfdelay">halfdelay</a></H3><PRE>
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The <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG> routine is used for half-delay mode, which
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is similar to <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode in that characters typed by the
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user are immediately available to the program. However,
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after blocking for <EM>tenths</EM> tenths of seconds, ERR is re-
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turned if nothing has been typed. The value of <EM>tenths</EM>
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must be a number between 1 and 255. Use <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> to leave
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half-delay mode.
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-intrflush">intrflush</a></H3><PRE>
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If the <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG> option is enabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>), and an
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interrupt key is pressed on the keyboard (interrupt,
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break, quit), all output in the tty driver queue will be
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flushed, giving the effect of faster response to the in-
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terrupt, but causing <STRONG>curses</STRONG> to have the wrong idea of what
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is on the screen. Disabling the option (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>) pre-
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vents the flush. The default for the option is inherited
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from the tty driver settings. The window argument is ig-
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nored.
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-keypad">keypad</a></H3><PRE>
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The <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> option enables the keypad of the user's termi-
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nal. If enabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>), the user can press a func-
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tion key (such as an arrow key) and <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">wgetch(3x)</A></STRONG> returns a
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single value representing the function key, as in
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<STRONG>KEY_LEFT</STRONG>. If disabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>), <STRONG>curses</STRONG> does not
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treat function keys specially and the program has to in-
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terpret the escape sequences itself. If the keypad in the
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terminal can be turned on (made to transmit) and off (made
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to work locally), turning on this option causes the termi-
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nal keypad to be turned on when <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">wgetch(3x)</A></STRONG> is called. The
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default value for keypad is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>.
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-meta">meta</a></H3><PRE>
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Initially, whether the terminal returns 7 or 8 significant
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bits on input depends on the control mode of the tty driv-
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er [see <STRONG>termio(7)</STRONG>]. To force 8 bits to be returned, in-
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voke <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>); this is equivalent, under POSIX, to
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setting the CS8 flag on the terminal. To force 7 bits to
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be returned, invoke <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>); this is equivalent,
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under POSIX, to setting the CS7 flag on the terminal. The
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window argument, <EM>win</EM>, is always ignored. If the terminfo
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capabilities <STRONG>smm</STRONG> (meta_on) and <STRONG>rmm</STRONG> (meta_off) are defined
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for the terminal, <STRONG>smm</STRONG> is sent to the terminal when
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<STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>) is called and <STRONG>rmm</STRONG> is sent when <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>,
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<STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>) is called.
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-nodelay">nodelay</a></H3><PRE>
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The <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG> option causes <STRONG>getch</STRONG> to be a non-blocking call.
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If no input is ready, <STRONG>getch</STRONG> returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>. If disabled (<EM>bf</EM>
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is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>), <STRONG>getch</STRONG> waits until a key is pressed.
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While interpreting an input escape sequence, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">wgetch(3x)</A></STRONG>
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sets a timer while waiting for the next character. If <STRONG>no-</STRONG>
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<STRONG>timeout(</STRONG><EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>) is called, then <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> does not set a
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timer. The purpose of the timeout is to differentiate be-
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tween sequences received from a function key and those
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typed by a user.
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-raw_noraw">raw/noraw</a></H3><PRE>
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The <STRONG>raw</STRONG> and <STRONG>noraw</STRONG> routines place the terminal into or out
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of raw mode. Raw mode is similar to <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode, in that
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characters typed are immediately passed through to the us-
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er program. The differences are that in raw mode, the in-
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terrupt, quit, suspend, and flow control characters are
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all passed through uninterpreted, instead of generating a
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signal. The behavior of the BREAK key depends on other
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bits in the tty driver that are not set by <STRONG>curses</STRONG>.
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-noqiflush">noqiflush</a></H3><PRE>
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When the <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG> routine is used, normal flush of input
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and output queues associated with the <STRONG>INTR</STRONG>, <STRONG>QUIT</STRONG> and <STRONG>SUSP</STRONG>
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characters will not be done [see <STRONG>termio(7)</STRONG>]. When <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>
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is called, the queues will be flushed when these control
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characters are read. You may want to call <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG> in a
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signal handler if you want output to continue as though
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the interrupt had not occurred, after the handler exits.
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-timeout_wtimeout">timeout/wtimeout</a></H3><PRE>
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The <STRONG>timeout</STRONG> and <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG> routines set blocking or non-
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blocking read for a given window. If <EM>delay</EM> is negative,
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blocking read is used (i.e., waits indefinitely for in-
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put). If <EM>delay</EM> is zero, then non-blocking read is used
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(i.e., read returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if no input is waiting). If <EM>delay</EM>
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is positive, then read blocks for <EM>delay</EM> milliseconds, and
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returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if there is still no input. Hence, these rou-
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tines provide the same functionality as <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>, plus the
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additional capability of being able to block for only <EM>de-</EM>
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<EM>lay</EM> milliseconds (where <EM>delay</EM> is positive).
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-typeahead">typeahead</a></H3><PRE>
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The <STRONG>curses</STRONG> library does "line-breakout optimization" by
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looking for typeahead periodically while updating the
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screen. If input is found, and it is coming from a tty,
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the current update is postponed until <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">refresh(3x)</A></STRONG> or <STRONG>doup-</STRONG>
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<STRONG>date</STRONG> is called again. This allows faster response to com-
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mands typed in advance. Normally, the input FILE pointer
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passed to <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>, or <STRONG>stdin</STRONG> in the case that <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> was
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used, will be used to do this typeahead checking. The <STRONG>ty-</STRONG>
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<STRONG>peahead</STRONG> routine specifies that the file descriptor <EM>fd</EM> is
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to be used to check for typeahead instead. If <EM>fd</EM> is -1,
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then no typeahead checking is done.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
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All routines that return an integer return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon fail-
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ure and OK (SVr4 specifies only "an integer value other
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than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion, unless otherwise
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noted in the preceding routine descriptions.
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X/Open does not define any error conditions. In this im-
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plementation, functions with a window parameter will re-
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turn an error if it is null. Any function will also re-
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turn an error if the terminal was not initialized. Also,
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<STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>
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returns an error if its parameter is outside
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the range 1..255.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
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These functions are described in the XSI Curses standard,
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Issue 4.
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The ncurses library obeys the XPG4 standard and the his-
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torical practice of the AT&T curses implementations, in
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that the echo bit is cleared when curses initializes the
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terminal state. BSD curses differed from this slightly;
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it left the echo bit on at initialization, but the BSD <STRONG>raw</STRONG>
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call turned it off as a side-effect. For best portabili-
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ty, set echo or noecho explicitly just after initializa-
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tion, even if your program remains in cooked mode.
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When <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> is first enabled, ncurses loads the key-defi-
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nitions for the current terminal description. If the ter-
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minal description includes extended string capabilities,
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e.g., from using the <STRONG>-x</STRONG> option of <STRONG>tic</STRONG>, then ncurses also
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defines keys for the capabilities whose names begin with
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"k". The corresponding keycodes are generated and (de-
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pending on previous loads of terminal descriptions) may
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differ from one execution of a program to the next. The
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generated keycodes are recognized by the <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> function
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(which will then return a name beginning with "k" denoting
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the terminfo capability name rather than "K", used for
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curses key-names). On the other hand, an application can
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use <STRONG>define_key</STRONG> to establish a specific keycode for a given
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string. This makes it possible for an application to
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check for an extended capability's presence with <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG>,
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and reassign the keycode to match its own needs.
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Low-level applications can use <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> to obtain the def-
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inition of any particular string capability. Higher-level
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applications which use the curses <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> and similar func-
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tions to return keycodes rely upon the order in which the
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strings are loaded. If more than one key definition has
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the same string value, then <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> can return only one
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keycode. Most curses implementations (including ncurses)
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load key definitions in the order defined by the array of
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string capability names. The last key to be loaded deter-
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mines the keycode which will be returned. In ncurses, you
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may also have extended capabilities interpreted as key
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definitions. These are loaded after the predefined keys,
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and if a capability's value is the same as a previously-
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loaded key definition, the later definition is the one
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used.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
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Note that <STRONG>echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>, <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>meta</STRONG>, <STRONG>node-</STRONG>
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<STRONG>lay</STRONG>, <STRONG>notimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>timeout</STRONG>, and <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG>
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may be macros.
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The <STRONG>noraw</STRONG> and <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> calls follow historical practice in
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that they attempt to restore to normal ("cooked") mode
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from raw and cbreak modes respectively. Mixing raw/noraw
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and cbreak/nocbreak calls leads to tty driver control
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states that are hard to predict or understand; it is not
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recommended.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
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<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>,
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<STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>termio(7)</STRONG>
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<STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
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</PRE>
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<div class="nav">
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#h3-cbreak">cbreak</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-echo_noecho">echo/noecho</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-halfdelay">halfdelay</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-intrflush">intrflush</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-keypad">keypad</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-meta">meta</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-nodelay">nodelay</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-raw_noraw">raw/noraw</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-noqiflush">noqiflush</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-timeout_wtimeout">timeout/wtimeout</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-typeahead">typeahead</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</HTML>
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