ncursesw-morphos/doc/html/man/curs_attr.3x.html
Thomas E. Dickey 58552e8c76 ncurses 6.0 - patch 20170107
+ amend changes for tput to reset tty modes to "sane" if the program
  is run as "reset", like tset.  Likewise, ensure that tset sends
  either reset- or init-strings.
+ improve manual page descriptions of tput init/reset and tset/reset,
  to make it easier to see how they are similar and different.
+ move a static result from key_name() to _nc_globals
+ modify _nc_get_screensize to allow for use_env() and use_tioctl()
  state to be per-screen when sp-funcs are configured, better matching
  the behavior when using the term-driver configuration.
+ improve cross-references in manual pages for often used functions
+ move SCREEN field for use_tioctl() data before the ncursesw fields,
  and limit that to the sp-funcs configuration to improve termlib
  compatibility (cf:  20120714).
+ correct order of initialization for traces in use_env() and
  use_tioctl() versus first trace calls.
2017-01-08 01:40:29 +00:00

356 lines
22 KiB
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<H1 class="no-header">curs_attr 3x</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>attr_get</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_get</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_off</STRONG>,
<STRONG>wattr_off</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_on</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_on</STRONG>, <STRONG>attroff</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattroff</STRONG>, <STRONG>attron</STRONG>,
<STRONG>wattron</STRONG>, <STRONG>attrset</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattrset</STRONG>, <STRONG>chgat</STRONG>, <STRONG>wchgat</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvchgat</STRONG>,
<STRONG>mvwchgat</STRONG>, <STRONG>color_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>wcolor_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>standend</STRONG>, <STRONG>wstandend</STRONG>,
<STRONG>standout</STRONG>, <STRONG>wstandout</STRONG> - <STRONG>curses</STRONG> character and window
attribute control routines
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_get(attr_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattr_get(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
<STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_set(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattr_set(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG>
<STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_off(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattr_off(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_on(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattr_on(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attroff(int</STRONG> <EM>attrs);</EM>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattroff(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attron(int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattron(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>attrset(int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wattrset(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>chgat(int</STRONG> <EM>n</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG>
<STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wchgat(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>n</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvchgat(int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>n</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwchgat(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win,</EM> <EM>int</EM> <EM>y,</EM> <EM>int</EM> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>n,</EM> <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>color_set(short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void*</STRONG> <EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wcolor_set(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void*</STRONG> <EM>opts);</EM>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>standend(void);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wstandend(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>standout(void);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wstandout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
These routines manipulate the current attributes of the
named window, which then apply to all characters that are
written into the window with <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>waddstr</STRONG> and <STRONG>wprintw</STRONG>.
Attributes are a property of the character, and move with
the character through any scrolling and insert/delete
line/character operations. To the extent possible, they
are displayed as appropriate modifications to the graphic
rendition of characters put on the screen.
These routines do not affect the attributes used when
erasing portions of the window. See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG> for
functions which modify the attributes used for erasing and
clearing.
Routines which do not have a <STRONG>WINDOW*</STRONG> parameter apply to
<STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Window-attributes">Window attributes</a></H3><PRE>
The <STRONG>attr_set</STRONG> and <STRONG>wattr_set</STRONG> functions set the current at-
tributes of the given window to <EM>attrs</EM>, with color speci-
fied by <EM>pair</EM>. X/Open specified an additional parameter
<EM>opts</EM> which is unused in all implementations.
Use <STRONG>attr_get</STRONG> and <STRONG>wattr_get</STRONG> to retrieve attributes for the
given window.
Use <STRONG>attr_on</STRONG> and <STRONG>wattr_on</STRONG> to turn on window attributes,
i.e., values OR'd together in <EM>attr</EM>, without affecting oth-
er attributes. Use <STRONG>attr_off</STRONG> and <STRONG>wattr_off</STRONG> to turn off
window attributes, again values OR'd together in <EM>attr</EM>,
without affecting other attributes.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Legacy-window-attributes">Legacy window attributes</a></H3><PRE>
Most of the window attribute routines are extensions of
older routines which assume that color pairs are OR'd into
the attribute parameter. These older routines use the
same name, omitting an underscore (<STRONG>_</STRONG>).
The <STRONG>attrset</STRONG> routine is a legacy feature predating SVr4
curses but kept in X/Open Curses for the same reason that
SVr4 curses kept it: compatibility.
The remaining <STRONG>attr</STRONG>* functions operate exactly like the
corresponding <STRONG>attr_</STRONG>* functions, except that they take ar-
guments of type <STRONG>int</STRONG> rather than <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG>.
There is no corresponding <STRONG>attrget</STRONG> function as such in
X/Open Curses, although ncurses provides <STRONG>getattrs</STRONG> (see
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>).
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Change-character-rendition">Change character rendition</a></H3><PRE>
The routine <STRONG>chgat</STRONG> changes the attributes of a given number
of characters starting at the current cursor location of
<STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>. It does not update the cursor and does not per-
form wrapping. A character count of -1 or greater than
the remaining window width means to change attributes all
the way to the end of the current line. The <STRONG>wchgat</STRONG> func-
tion generalizes this to any window; the <STRONG>mvwchgat</STRONG> function
does a cursor move before acting.
In these functions, the color <EM>pair</EM> argument is a color-
pair index (as in the first argument of <STRONG>init_pair</STRONG>, see
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>). The <STRONG>opts</STRONG> argument is not presently used,
but is reserved for the future (leave it <STRONG>NULL</STRONG>).
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Change-window-color">Change window color</a></H3><PRE>
The routine <STRONG>color_set</STRONG> sets the current color of the given
window to the foreground/background combination described
by the color <EM>pair</EM> parameter. The parameter <EM>opts</EM> is re-
served for future use; applications must supply a null
pointer.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Standout">Standout</a></H3><PRE>
The routine <STRONG>standout</STRONG> is the same as <STRONG>attron(A_STANDOUT)</STRONG>.
The routine <STRONG>standend</STRONG> is the same as <STRONG>attrset(A_NORMAL)</STRONG> or
<STRONG>attrset(0)</STRONG>, that is, it turns off all attributes.
X/Open does not mark these "restricted", because
<STRONG>o</STRONG> they have well established legacy use, and
<STRONG>o</STRONG> there is no ambiguity about the way the attributes
might be combined with a color pair.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-VIDEO-ATTRIBUTES">VIDEO ATTRIBUTES</a></H2><PRE>
The following video attributes, defined in <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>, can
be passed to the routines <STRONG>attron</STRONG>, <STRONG>attroff</STRONG>, and <STRONG>attrset</STRONG>, or
OR'd with the characters passed to <STRONG>addch</STRONG> (see <STRONG>curs_add-</STRONG>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">ch(3x)</A></STRONG>).
<EM>Name</EM> <EM>Description</EM>
-----------------------------------------------------------
<STRONG>A_NORMAL</STRONG> Normal display (no highlight)
<STRONG>A_STANDOUT</STRONG> Best highlighting mode of the terminal.
<STRONG>A_UNDERLINE</STRONG> Underlining
<STRONG>A_REVERSE</STRONG> Reverse video
<STRONG>A_BLINK</STRONG> Blinking
<STRONG>A_DIM</STRONG> Half bright
<STRONG>A_BOLD</STRONG> Extra bright or bold
<STRONG>A_PROTECT</STRONG> Protected mode
<STRONG>A_INVIS</STRONG> Invisible or blank mode
<STRONG>A_ALTCHARSET</STRONG> Alternate character set
<STRONG>A_ITALIC</STRONG> Italics (non-X/Open extension)
<STRONG>A_CHARTEXT</STRONG> Bit-mask to extract a character
These video attributes are supported by <STRONG>attr_on</STRONG> and relat-
ed functions (which also support the attributes recognized
by <STRONG>attron</STRONG>, etc.):
<EM>Name</EM> <EM>Description</EM>
-----------------------------------------
<STRONG>WA_HORIZONTAL</STRONG> Horizontal highlight
<STRONG>WA_LEFT</STRONG> Left highlight
<STRONG>WA_LOW</STRONG> Low highlight
<STRONG>WA_RIGHT</STRONG> Right highlight
<STRONG>WA_TOP</STRONG> Top highlight
<STRONG>WA_VERTICAL</STRONG> Vertical highlight
The return values of many of these routines are not mean-
ingful (they are implemented as macro-expanded assignments
and simply return their argument). The SVr4 manual page
claims (falsely) that these routines always return <STRONG>1</STRONG>.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
These functions may be macros: <STRONG>attroff</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattroff</STRONG>, <STRONG>attron</STRONG>,
<STRONG>wattron</STRONG>, <STRONG>attrset</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattrset</STRONG>, <STRONG>standend</STRONG> and <STRONG>standout</STRONG>.
Color pair values can only be OR'd with attributes if the
pair number is less than 256. The alternate functions
such as <STRONG>color_set</STRONG> can pass a color pair value directly.
However, ncurses ABI 4 and 5 simply OR this value within
the alternate functions. You must use ncurses ABI 6 to
support more than 256 color pairs.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
These functions are supported in the XSI Curses standard,
Issue 4. The standard defined the dedicated type for
highlights, <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG>, which is not defined in SVr4 curses.
The functions taking <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> arguments are not supported
under SVr4.
The XSI Curses standard states that whether the tradition-
al functions <STRONG>attron</STRONG>/<STRONG>attroff</STRONG>/<STRONG>attrset</STRONG> can manipulate at-
tributes other than <STRONG>A_BLINK</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_BOLD</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_DIM</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_REVERSE</STRONG>,
<STRONG>A_STANDOUT</STRONG>, or <STRONG>A_UNDERLINE</STRONG> is "unspecified". Under this
implementation as well as SVr4 curses, these functions
correctly manipulate all other highlights (specifically,
<STRONG>A_ALTCHARSET</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_PROTECT</STRONG>, and <STRONG>A_INVIS</STRONG>).
This implementation provides the <STRONG>A_ITALIC</STRONG> attribute for
terminals which have the <STRONG>enter_italics_mode</STRONG> (<STRONG>sitm</STRONG>) and <STRONG>ex-</STRONG>
<STRONG>it_italics_mode</STRONG> (<STRONG>ritm</STRONG>) capabilities. Italics are not men-
tioned in X/Open Curses. Unlike the other video at-
tributes, <STRONG>A_ITALIC</STRONG> is unrelated to the <STRONG>set_attributes</STRONG> ca-
pabilities. This implementation makes the assumption that
<STRONG>exit_attribute_mode</STRONG> may also reset italics.
XSI Curses added the new entry points, <STRONG>attr_get</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_on</STRONG>,
<STRONG>attr_off</STRONG>, <STRONG>attr_set</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_on</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_off</STRONG>, <STRONG>wattr_get</STRONG>, <STRONG>wat-</STRONG>
<STRONG>tr_set</STRONG>. These are intended to work with a new series of
highlight macros prefixed with <STRONG>WA_</STRONG>. The older macros have
direct counterparts in the newer set of names:
<EM>Name</EM> <EM>Description</EM>
------------------------------------------------------------
<STRONG>WA_NORMAL</STRONG> Normal display (no highlight)
<STRONG>WA_STANDOUT</STRONG> Best highlighting mode of the terminal.
<STRONG>WA_UNDERLINE</STRONG> Underlining
<STRONG>WA_REVERSE</STRONG> Reverse video
<STRONG>WA_BLINK</STRONG> Blinking
<STRONG>WA_DIM</STRONG> Half bright
<STRONG>WA_BOLD</STRONG> Extra bright or bold
<STRONG>WA_ALTCHARSET</STRONG> Alternate character set
Very old versions of this library did not force an update
of the screen when changing the attributes. Use <STRONG>touchwin</STRONG>
to force the screen to match the updated attributes.
The XSI curses standard specifies that each pair of corre-
sponding <STRONG>A_</STRONG> and <STRONG>WA_</STRONG>-using functions operates on the same
current-highlight information.
The XSI standard extended conformance level adds new high-
lights <STRONG>A_HORIZONTAL</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_LEFT</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_LOW</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_RIGHT</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_TOP</STRONG>, <STRONG>A_VER-</STRONG>
<STRONG>TICAL</STRONG> (and corresponding <STRONG>WA_</STRONG> macros for each). As of Au-
gust 2013, no known terminal provides these highlights
(i.e., via the <STRONG>sgr1</STRONG> capability).
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
All routines return the integer <STRONG>OK</STRONG> on success, or <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> on
failure.
X/Open does not define any error conditions.
This implementation
<STRONG>o</STRONG> returns an error if the window pointer is null.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> returns an error if the color pair parameter for <STRONG>wcol-</STRONG>
<STRONG>or_set</STRONG> is outside the range 0..COLOR_PAIRS-1.
Functions with a "mv" prefix first perform a cursor move-
ment using <STRONG>wmove</STRONG>, and return an error if the position is
outside the window, or if the window pointer is null.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-Window-attributes">Window attributes</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Legacy-window-attributes">Legacy window attributes</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Change-character-rendition">Change character rendition</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Change-window-color">Change window color</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Standout">Standout</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-VIDEO-ATTRIBUTES">VIDEO ATTRIBUTES</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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