ncursesw-morphos/doc/html/man/curs_termcap.3x.html
Thomas E. Dickey 2a32bee362 ncurses 6.0 - patch 20160326
+ regenerate HTML manpages.
+ improve test/demo_menus.c, allowing mouse-click on the menu-headers
  to switch the active menu.  This requires a new extension option
  O_MOUSE_MENU to tell the menu driver to put mouse events which do not
  apply to the active menu back into the queue so that the application
  can handle the event.
2016-03-27 01:05:59 +00:00

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<H1 class="no-header">curs_termcap 3x</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>PC</STRONG>, <STRONG>UP</STRONG>, <STRONG>BC</STRONG>, <STRONG>ospeed</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetflag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetnum</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG>,
<STRONG>tgoto</STRONG>, <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> - direct <STRONG>curses</STRONG> interface to the terminfo
capability database
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;term.h&gt;</STRONG>
<STRONG>extern</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>PC;</STRONG>
<STRONG>extern</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>UP;</STRONG>
<STRONG>extern</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG> <STRONG>BC;</STRONG>
<STRONG>extern</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <STRONG>ospeed;</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tgetent(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*bp,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*name);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tgetflag(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*id);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tgetnum(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*id);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tgetstr(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*id,</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>**area);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tgoto(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*cap,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>col,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>row);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tputs(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*str,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>affcnt,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>(*putc)(int));</STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
These routines are included as a conversion aid for pro-
grams that use the <EM>termcap</EM> library. Their parameters are
the same and the routines are emulated using the <EM>terminfo</EM>
database. Thus, they can only be used to query the capa-
bilities of entries for which a terminfo entry has been
compiled.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-INITIALIZATION">INITIALIZATION</a></H3><PRE>
The <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> routine loads the entry for <EM>name</EM>. It returns:
1 on success,
0 if there is no such entry (or that it is a generic
type, having too little information for curses ap-
plications to run), and
-1 if the terminfo database could not be found.
This differs from the <EM>termcap</EM> library in two ways:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> The emulation ignores the buffer pointer <EM>bp</EM>. The
<EM>termcap</EM> library would store a copy of the terminal
description in the area referenced by this pointer.
However, ncurses stores its terminal descriptions
in compiled binary form, which is not the same
thing.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> There is a difference in return codes. The <EM>termcap</EM>
library does not check if the terminal description
is marked with the <EM>generic</EM> capability, or if the
terminal description has cursor-addressing.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-CAPABILITY-VALUES">CAPABILITY VALUES</a></H3><PRE>
The <STRONG>tgetflag</STRONG> routine gets the boolean entry for <EM>id</EM>, or ze-
ro if it is not available.
The <STRONG>tgetnum</STRONG> routine gets the numeric entry for <EM>id</EM>, or -1
if it is not available.
The <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG> routine returns the string entry for <EM>id</EM>, or
zero if it is not available. Use <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> to output the re-
turned string. The <EM>area</EM> parameter is used as follows:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> It is assumed to be the address of a pointer to a
buffer managed by the calling application.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> However, ncurses checks to ensure that <STRONG>area</STRONG> is not
NULL, and also that the resulting buffer pointer is
not NULL. If either check fails, the <EM>area</EM> parame-
ter is ignored.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the checks succeed, ncurses also copies the re-
turn value to the buffer pointed to by <EM>area</EM>, and
the <EM>area</EM> value will be updated to point past the
null ending this value.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> The return value itself is an address in the termi-
nal description which is loaded into memory.
Only the first two characters of the <STRONG>id</STRONG> parameter of <STRONG>tget-</STRONG>
<STRONG>flag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetnum</STRONG> and <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG> are compared in lookups.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-FORMATTING-CAPABILITIES">FORMATTING CAPABILITIES</a></H3><PRE>
The <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> routine expands the given capability using the
parameters.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Because the capability may have padding characters,
the output of <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> should be passed to <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> rather
than some other output function such as <STRONG>printf</STRONG>.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> While <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> is assumed to be used for the two-parame-
ter cursor positioning capability, termcap applica-
tions also use it for single-parameter capabilities.
Doing this shows a quirk in <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG>: most hardware ter-
minals use cursor addressing with <EM>row</EM> first, but the
original developers of the termcap interface chose to
put the <EM>column</EM> parameter first. The <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> function
swaps the order of parameters. It does this also for
calls requiring only a single parameter. In that
case, the first parameter is merely a placeholder.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Normally the ncurses library is compiled with terminfo
support. In that case, <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> uses <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> (a more capa-
ble formatter).
The <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> routine is described on the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
manual page. It can retrieve capabilities by either term-
cap or terminfo name.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-GLOBAL-VARIABLES">GLOBAL VARIABLES</a></H3><PRE>
The variables <STRONG>PC</STRONG>, <STRONG>UP</STRONG> and <STRONG>BC</STRONG> are set by <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> to the ter-
minfo entry's data for <STRONG>pad_char</STRONG>, <STRONG>cursor_up</STRONG> and
<STRONG>backspace_if_not_bs</STRONG>, respectively. <STRONG>UP</STRONG> is not used by
ncurses. <STRONG>PC</STRONG> is used in the <STRONG>tdelay_output</STRONG> function. <STRONG>BC</STRONG> is
used in the <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> emulation. The variable <STRONG>ospeed</STRONG> is set
by ncurses in a system-specific coding to reflect the ter-
minal speed.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
Except where explicitly noted, routines that return an in-
teger return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4 only specifies
"an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful comple-
tion.
Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></H2><PRE>
If you call <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG> to fetch <STRONG>ca</STRONG> or any other parameterized
string, be aware that it will be returned in terminfo no-
tation, not the older and not-quite-compatible termcap no-
tation. This will not cause problems if all you do with
it is call <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> or <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>, which both expand terminfo-
style strings as terminfo. (The <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG> function, if con-
figured to support termcap, will check if the string is
indeed terminfo-style by looking for "%p" parameters or
"$&lt;..&gt;" delays, and invoke a termcap-style parser if the
string does not appear to be terminfo).
Because terminfo conventions for representing padding in
string capabilities differ from termcap's, <STRONG>tputs("50");</STRONG>
will put out a literal "50" rather than busy-waiting for
50 milliseconds. Cope with it.
Note that termcap has nothing analogous to terminfo's <STRONG>sgr</STRONG>
string. One consequence of this is that termcap applica-
tions assume me (terminfo <STRONG>sgr0</STRONG>) does not reset the alter-
nate character set. This implementation checks for, and
modifies the data shown to the termcap interface to accom-
modate termcap's limitation in this respect.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these func-
tions. However, they are marked TO BE WITHDRAWN and may
be removed in future versions.
Neither the XSI Curses standard nor the SVr4 man pages
documented the return values of <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> correctly, though
all three were in fact returned ever since SVr1. In par-
ticular, an omission in the XSI Curses documentation has
been misinterpreted to mean that <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> returns <STRONG>OK</STRONG> or
<STRONG>ERR</STRONG>. Because the purpose of these functions is to provide
compatibility with the <EM>termcap</EM> library, that is a defect
in XCurses, Issue 4, Version 2 rather than in ncurses.
External variables are provided for support of certain
termcap applications. However, termcap applications' use
of those variables is poorly documented, e.g., not distin-
guishing between input and output. In particular, some
applications are reported to declare and/or modify <STRONG>ospeed</STRONG>.
The comment that only the first two characters of the <STRONG>id</STRONG>
parameter are used escapes many application developers.
The original BSD 4.2 termcap library (and historical
relics thereof) did not require a trailing null NUL on the
parameter name passed to <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetnum</STRONG> and <STRONG>tgetflag</STRONG>.
Some applications assume that the termcap interface does
not require the trailing NUL for the parameter name. Tak-
ing into account these issues:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> As a special case, <STRONG>tgetflag</STRONG> matched against a single-
character identifier provided that was at the end of
the terminal description. You should not rely upon
this behavior in portable programs. This implementa-
tion disallows matches against single-character capa-
bility names.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> This implementation disallows matches by the termcap
interface against extended capability names which are
longer than two characters.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="term_variables.3x.html">term_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>putc(3)</STRONG>.
http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tctest.html
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-INITIALIZATION">INITIALIZATION</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-CAPABILITY-VALUES">CAPABILITY VALUES</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-FORMATTING-CAPABILITIES">FORMATTING CAPABILITIES</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-GLOBAL-VARIABLES">GLOBAL VARIABLES</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-BUGS">BUGS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul>
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