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****************************************************************************
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* Copyright (c) 1998-2010,2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
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* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
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* @Id: term.7,v 1.23 2011/12/17 23:32:17 tom Exp @
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<meta name="generator" content="Manpage converted by man2html - see http://invisible-island.net/scripts/readme.html#others_scripts">
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<TITLE>term 7</TITLE>
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<link rev=made href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
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<H1 class="no-header">term 7</H1>
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<PRE>
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<STRONG><A HREF="term.7.html">term(7)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="term.7.html">term(7)</A></STRONG>
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
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term - conventions for naming terminal types
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
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The environment variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> should normally contain the
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type name of the terminal, console or display-device type
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you are using. This information is critical for all
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screen-oriented programs, including your editor and
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mailer.
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A default <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> value will be set on a per-line basis by
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either <STRONG>/etc/inittab</STRONG> (e.g., System-V-like UNIXes) or
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<STRONG>/etc/ttys</STRONG> (BSD UNIXes). This will nearly always suffice
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for workstation and microcomputer consoles.
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If you use a dialup line, the type of device attached to
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it may vary. Older UNIX systems pre-set a very dumb ter-
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minal type like `dumb' or `dialup' on dialup lines. Newer
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ones may pre-set `vt100', reflecting the prevalence of DEC
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VT100-compatible terminals and personal-computer emula-
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tors.
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Modern telnets pass your <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> environment variable from
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the local side to the remote one. There can be problems
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if the remote terminfo or termcap entry for your type is
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not compatible with yours, but this situation is rare and
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can almost always be avoided by explicitly exporting
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`vt100' (assuming you are in fact using a VT100-superset
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console, terminal, or terminal emulator.)
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In any case, you are free to override the system <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> set-
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ting to your taste in your shell profile. The <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>
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utility may be of assistance; you can give it a set of
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rules for deducing or requesting a terminal type based on
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the tty device and baud rate.
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Setting your own <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> value may also be useful if you have
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created a custom entry incorporating options (such as vis-
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ual bell or reverse-video) which you wish to override the
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system default type for your line.
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Terminal type descriptions are stored as files of capabil-
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ity data underneath /usr/share/terminfo. To browse a list
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of all terminal names recognized by the system, do
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toe | more
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from your shell. These capability files are in a binary
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format optimized for retrieval speed (unlike the old text-
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based <STRONG>termcap</STRONG> format they replace); to examine an entry,
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you must use the <STRONG><A HREF="infocmp.1m.html">infocmp(1m)</A></STRONG> command. Invoke it as fol-
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lows:
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infocmp <EM>entry</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>name</EM>
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where <EM>entry</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>name</EM> is the name of the type you wish to exam-
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ine (and the name of its capability file the subdirectory
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of /usr/share/terminfo named for its first letter). This
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command dumps a capability file in the text format
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described by <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>.
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The first line of a <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG> description gives the
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names by which terminfo knows a terminal, separated by `|'
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(pipe-bar) characters with the last name field terminated
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by a comma. The first name field is the type's <EM>primary</EM>
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<EM>name</EM>, and is the one to use when setting <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>. The last
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name field (if distinct from the first) is actually a
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description of the terminal type (it may contain blanks;
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the others must be single words). Name fields between the
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first and last (if present) are aliases for the terminal,
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usually historical names retained for compatibility.
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There are some conventions for how to choose terminal pri-
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mary names that help keep them informative and unique.
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Here is a step-by-step guide to naming terminals that also
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explains how to parse them:
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First, choose a root name. The root will consist of a
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lower-case letter followed by up to seven lower-case let-
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ters or digits. You need to avoid using punctuation char-
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acters in root names, because they are used and inter-
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preted as filenames and shell meta-characters (such as !,
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$, *, ?, etc.) embedded in them may cause odd and unhelp-
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ful behavior. The slash (/), or any other character that
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may be interpreted by anyone's file system (\, $, [, ]),
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is especially dangerous (terminfo is platform-independent,
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and choosing names with special characters could someday
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make life difficult for users of a future port). The dot
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(.) character is relatively safe as long as there is at
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most one per root name; some historical terminfo names use
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it.
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The root name for a terminal or workstation console type
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should almost always begin with a vendor prefix (such as
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<STRONG>hp</STRONG> for Hewlett-Packard, <STRONG>wy</STRONG> for Wyse, or <STRONG>att</STRONG> for AT&T ter-
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minals), or a common name of the terminal line (<STRONG>vt</STRONG> for the
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VT series of terminals from DEC, or <STRONG>sun</STRONG> for Sun Microsys-
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tems workstation consoles, or <STRONG>regent</STRONG> for the ADDS Regent
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series. You can list the terminfo tree to see what pre-
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fixes are already in common use. The root name prefix
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should be followed when appropriate by a model number;
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thus <STRONG>vt100</STRONG>, <STRONG>hp2621</STRONG>, <STRONG>wy50</STRONG>.
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The root name for a PC-Unix console type should be the OS
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name, i.e., <STRONG>linux</STRONG>, <STRONG>bsdos</STRONG>, <STRONG>freebsd</STRONG>, <STRONG>netbsd</STRONG>. It should <EM>not</EM>
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be <STRONG>console</STRONG> or any other generic that might cause confusion
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in a multi-platform environment! If a model number fol-
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lows, it should indicate either the OS release level or
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the console driver release level.
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The root name for a terminal emulator (assuming it does
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not fit one of the standard ANSI or vt100 types) should be
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the program name or a readily recognizable abbreviation of
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it (i.e., <STRONG>versaterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>ctrm</STRONG>).
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Following the root name, you may add any reasonable number
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of hyphen-separated feature suffixes.
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2p Has two pages of memory. Likewise 4p, 8p, etc.
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mc Magic-cookie. Some terminals (notably older Wyses)
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can only support one attribute without magic-cookie
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lossage. Their base entry is usually paired with
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another that has this suffix and uses magic cookies
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to support multiple attributes.
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-am Enable auto-margin (right-margin wraparound).
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-m Mono mode - suppress color support.
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-na No arrow keys - termcap ignores arrow keys which are
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actually there on the terminal, so the user can use
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the arrow keys locally.
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-nam No auto-margin - suppress am capability.
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-nl No labels - suppress soft labels.
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-nsl No status line - suppress status line.
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-pp Has a printer port which is used.
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-rv Terminal in reverse video mode (black on white).
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-s Enable status line.
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-vb Use visible bell (flash) rather than beep.
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-w Wide; terminal is in 132 column mode.
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Conventionally, if your terminal type is a variant
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intended to specify a line height, that suffix should go
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first. So, for a hypothetical FuBarCo model 2317 terminal
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in 30-line mode with reverse video, best form would be
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<STRONG>fubar-30-rv</STRONG> (rather than, say, `fubar-rv-30').
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Terminal types that are written not as standalone entries,
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but rather as components to be plugged into other entries
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via <STRONG>use</STRONG> capabilities, are distinguished by using embedded
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plus signs rather than dashes.
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Commands which use a terminal type to control display
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often accept a -T option that accepts a terminal name
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argument. Such programs should fall back on the <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>
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environment variable when no -T option is specified.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
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For maximum compatibility with older System V UNIXes,
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names and aliases should be unique within the first 14
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characters.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-FILES">FILES</a></H2><PRE>
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/usr/share/terminfo/?/*
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compiled terminal capability data base
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/etc/inittab
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tty line initialization (AT&T-like UNIXes)
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/etc/ttys
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tty line initialization (BSD-like UNIXes)
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
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<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="term.5.html">term(5)</A></STRONG>.
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<STRONG><A HREF="term.7.html">term(7)</A></STRONG>
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</PRE>
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<div class="nav">
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-FILES">FILES</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
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</ul>
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