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449 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
449 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
.\"***************************************************************************
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2011,2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
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.\" *
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.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
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.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
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.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including *
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.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, *
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.\" distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell *
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.\" copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is *
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.\" furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: *
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.\" *
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.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included *
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.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *
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.\" *
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS *
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.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF *
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. *
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, *
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.\" DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR *
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.\" OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR *
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.\" THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *
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.\" *
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.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright *
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.\" holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the *
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.\" sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
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.\" authorization. *
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.\"***************************************************************************
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.\"
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.\" $Id: curs_terminfo.3x,v 1.43 2013/07/20 19:29:59 tom Exp $
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.TH curs_terminfo 3X ""
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.ie \n(.g .ds `` \(lq
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.el .ds `` ``
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.ie \n(.g .ds '' \(rq
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.el .ds '' ''
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.de bP
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.IP \(bu 4
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..
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.ds n 5
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.na
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.hy 0
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.SH NAME
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\fBdel_curterm\fR,
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\fBmvcur\fR,
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\fBputp\fR,
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\fBrestartterm\fR,
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\fBset_curterm\fR,
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\fBsetterm\fR,
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\fBsetupterm\fR,
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\fBtigetflag\fR,
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\fBtigetnum\fR,
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\fBtigetstr\fR,
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\fBtiparm\fR,
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\fBtparm\fR,
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\fBtputs\fR,
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\fBvid_attr\fR,
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\fBvid_puts\fR,
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\fBvidattr\fR,
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\fBvidputs\fR \- \fBcurses\fR interfaces to terminfo database
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.ad
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.hy
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.nf
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\fB#include <curses.h>\fR
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.br
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\fB#include <term.h>\fR
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.PP
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\fBint setupterm(char *\fR\fIterm\fR\fB, int \fR\fIfildes\fR\fB, int *\fR\fIerrret\fR\fB);\fR
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.br
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\fBint setterm(char *\fR\fIterm\fR\fB);\fR
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.br
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\fBTERMINAL *set_curterm(TERMINAL *\fR\fInterm\fR\fB);\fR
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.br
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\fBint del_curterm(TERMINAL *\fR\fIoterm\fR\fB);\fR
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.br
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\fBint restartterm(char *\fR\fIterm\fR\fB, int \fR\fIfildes\fR\fB, int *\fR\fIerrret\fR\fB);\fR
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.br
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\fBchar *tparm(char *\fR\fIstr\fR\fB, ...);\fR
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.br
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\fBint tputs(const char *\fR\fIstr\fR\fB, int \fR\fIaffcnt\fR\fB, int (*\fR\fIputc\fR\fB)(int));\fR
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.br
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\fBint putp(const char *\fR\fIstr\fR\fB);\fR
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.br
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\fBint vidputs(chtype \fR\fIattrs\fR\fB, int (*\fR\fIputc\fR\fB)(int));\fR
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.br
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\fBint vidattr(chtype \fR\fIattrs\fR\fB);\fR
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.br
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\fBint vid_puts(attr_t \fR\fIattrs\fR\fB, short \fR\fIpair\fR\fB, void *\fR\fIopts\fR\fB, int (*\fR\fIputc\fR\fB)(int));\fR
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.br
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\fBint vid_attr(attr_t \fR\fIattrs\fR\fB, short \fR\fIpair\fR\fB, void *\fR\fIopts\fR\fB);\fR
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.br
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\fBint mvcur(int \fR\fIoldrow\fR\fB, int \fR\fIoldcol\fR\fB, int \fR\fInewrow\fR, int \fR\fInewcol\fR\fB);\fR
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.br
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\fBint tigetflag(char *\fR\fIcapname\fR\fB);\fR
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.br
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\fBint tigetnum(char *\fR\fIcapname\fR\fB);\fR
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.br
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\fBchar *tigetstr(char *\fR\fIcapname\fR\fB);\fR
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.br
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\fBchar *tiparm(const char *\fR\fIstr\fR\fB, ...);\fR
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.br
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.fi
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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These low-level routines must be called by programs that have to deal
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directly with the \fBterminfo\fR database to handle certain terminal
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capabilities, such as programming function keys. For all other
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functionality, \fBcurses\fR routines are more suitable and their use is
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recommended.
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.SS Initialization
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.PP
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Initially, \fBsetupterm\fR should be called. Note that
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\fBsetupterm\fR is automatically called by \fBinitscr\fR and
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\fBnewterm\fR. This defines the set of terminal-dependent variables
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[listed in \fBterminfo\fR(\*n)].
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.PP
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Each initialization routine provides applications with the
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terminal capabilities either directly (via header definitions),
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or by special functions.
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The header files \fBcurses.h\fR and \fBterm.h\fR should be included (in this
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order) to get the definitions for these strings, numbers, and flags.
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.PP
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The \fBterminfo\fR variables
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\fBlines\fR and \fBcolumns\fR are initialized by \fBsetupterm\fR as
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follows:
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.bP
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If \fBuse_env(FALSE)\fR has been called, values for
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\fBlines\fR and \fBcolumns\fR specified in \fBterminfo\fR are used.
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.bP
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Otherwise, if the environment variables \fBLINES\fR and \fBCOLUMNS\fR
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exist, their values are used. If these environment variables do not
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exist and the program is running in a window, the current window size
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is used. Otherwise, if the environment variables do not exist, the
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values for \fBlines\fR and \fBcolumns\fR specified in the
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\fBterminfo\fR database are used.
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.PP
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Parameterized strings should be passed through \fBtparm\fR to instantiate them.
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All \fBterminfo\fR strings [including the output of \fBtparm\fR] should be printed
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with \fBtputs\fR or \fBputp\fR.
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Call \fBreset_shell_mode\fR to restore the
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tty modes before exiting [see \fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X)].
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.PP
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Programs which use
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cursor addressing should
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.bP
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output \fBenter_ca_mode\fR upon startup and
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.bP
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output \fBexit_ca_mode\fR before exiting.
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.PP
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Programs which execute shell subprocesses should
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.bP
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call \fBreset_shell_mode\fR and
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output \fBexit_ca_mode\fR before the shell
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is called and
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.bP
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output \fBenter_ca_mode\fR and
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call \fBreset_prog_mode\fR after returning from the shell.
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.PP
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The \fBsetupterm\fR routine reads in the \fBterminfo\fR database,
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initializing the \fBterminfo\fR structures, but does not set up the
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output virtualization structures used by \fBcurses\fR. The terminal
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type is the character string \fIterm\fR; if \fIterm\fR is null, the
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environment variable \fBTERM\fR is used.
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All output is to file descriptor \fBfildes\fR which is initialized for output.
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If \fIerrret\fR is not null,
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then \fBsetupterm\fR returns \fBOK\fR or
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\fBERR\fR and stores a status value in the integer pointed to by
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\fIerrret\fR.
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A return value of \fBOK\fR combined with status of \fB1\fR in \fIerrret\fR
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is normal.
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If \fBERR\fR is returned, examine \fIerrret\fR:
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.TP 5
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.B 1
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means that the terminal is hardcopy, cannot be used for curses applications.
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.IP
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\fBsetupterm\fP determines if the entry is a hardcopy type by
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checking the \fIhc\fP (\fIhardcopy\fP) capability.
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.TP 5
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.B 0
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means that the terminal could not be found,
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or that it is a generic type,
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having too little information for curses applications to run.
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.IP
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\fBsetupterm\fP determines if the entry is a generic type by
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checking the \fIgn\fP (\fIgeneric\fP) capability.
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.TP 5
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.B \-1
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means that the \fBterminfo\fR database could not be found.
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.PP
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If \fIerrret\fR is
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null, \fBsetupterm\fR prints an error message upon finding an error
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and exits. Thus, the simplest call is:
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.sp
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\fBsetupterm((char *)0, 1, (int *)0);\fR,
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.sp
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which uses all the defaults and sends the output to \fBstdout\fR.
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.PP
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The \fBsetterm\fR routine was replaced by \fBsetupterm\fR. The call:
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.sp
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\fBsetupterm(\fR\fIterm\fR\fB, 1, (int *)0)\fR
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.sp
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provides the same functionality as \fBsetterm(\fR\fIterm\fR\fB)\fR.
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The \fBsetterm\fR routine is provided for BSD compatibility, and
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is not recommended for new programs.
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.\" ***************************************************************************
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.SS The Terminal State
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.PP
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The \fBsetupterm\fR routine stores its information about the terminal
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in a \fBTERMINAL\fP structure pointed to by the global variable \fBcur_term\fP.
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If it detects an error,
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or decides that the terminal is unsuitable (hardcopy or generic),
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it discards this information,
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making it not available to applications.
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.PP
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If \fBsetupterm\fP is called repeatedly for the same terminal type,
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it will reuse the information.
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It maintains only one copy of a given terminal's capabilities in memory.
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If it is called for different terminal types,
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\fBsetupterm\fP allocates new storage for each set of terminal capabilities.
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.PP
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The \fBset_curterm\fR routine sets \fBcur_term\fR to
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\fInterm\fR, and makes all of the \fBterminfo\fR boolean, numeric, and
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string variables use the values from \fInterm\fR.
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It returns the old value of \fBcur_term\fR.
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.PP
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The \fBdel_curterm\fR routine frees the space pointed to by
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\fIoterm\fR and makes it available for further use. If \fIoterm\fR is
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the same as \fBcur_term\fR, references to any of the \fBterminfo\fR
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boolean, numeric, and string variables thereafter may refer to invalid
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memory locations until another \fBsetupterm\fR has been called.
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.PP
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The \fBrestartterm\fR routine is similar to \fBsetupterm\fR and \fBinitscr\fR,
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except that it is called after restoring memory to a previous state (for
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example, when reloading a game saved as a core image dump).
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\fBrestartterm\fP assumes that the windows and the input and output options
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are the same as when memory was saved,
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but the terminal type and baud rate may be different.
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Accordingly, \fBrestartterm\fP saves various tty state bits,
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calls \fBsetupterm\fP, and then restores the bits.
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.\" ***************************************************************************
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.SS Formatting Output
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.PP
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The \fBtparm\fR routine instantiates the string \fIstr\fR with
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parameters \fIpi\fR. A pointer is returned to the result of \fIstr\fR
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with the parameters applied.
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.PP
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\fBtiparm\fP is a newer form of \fBtparm\fP which uses \fI<stdarg.h>\fP
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rather than a fixed-parameter list.
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Its numeric parameters are integers (int) rather than longs.
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.\" ***************************************************************************
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.SS Output Functions
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.PP
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The \fBtputs\fR routine applies padding information to the string
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\fIstr\fR and outputs it. The \fIstr\fR must be a terminfo string
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variable or the return value from \fBtparm\fR, \fBtgetstr\fR, or
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\fBtgoto\fR. \fIaffcnt\fR is the number of lines affected, or 1 if
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not applicable. \fIputc\fR is a \fBputchar\fR-like routine to which
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the characters are passed, one at a time.
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.PP
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The \fBputp\fR routine calls \fBtputs(\fR\fIstr\fR\fB, 1, putchar)\fR.
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Note that the output of \fBputp\fR always goes to \fBstdout\fR, not to
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the \fIfildes\fR specified in \fBsetupterm\fR.
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.PP
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The \fBvidputs\fR routine displays the string on the terminal in the
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video attribute mode \fIattrs\fR, which is any combination of the
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attributes listed in \fBcurses\fR(3X). The characters are passed to
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the \fBputchar\fR-like routine \fIputc\fR.
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.PP
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The \fBvidattr\fR routine is like the \fBvidputs\fR routine, except
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that it outputs through \fBputchar\fR.
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.PP
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The \fBvid_attr\fR and \fBvid_puts\fR routines correspond to vidattr and vidputs,
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respectively.
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They use a set of arguments for representing the video attributes plus color,
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i.e.,
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one of type attr_t for the attributes and one of short for
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the color_pair number.
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The \fBvid_attr\fR and \fBvid_puts\fR routines
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are designed to use the attribute constants with the \fIWA_\fR prefix.
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The opts argument is reserved for future use.
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Currently, applications must provide a null pointer for that argument.
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.PP
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The \fBmvcur\fR routine provides low-level cursor motion. It takes
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effect immediately (rather than at the next refresh).
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.\" ***************************************************************************
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.SS Terminal Capability Functions
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.PP
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The \fBtigetflag\fR, \fBtigetnum\fR and \fBtigetstr\fR routines return
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the value of the capability corresponding to the \fBterminfo\fR
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\fIcapname\fR passed to them, such as \fBxenl\fR.
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The \fIcapname\fR for each capability is given in the table column entitled
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\fIcapname\fR code in the capabilities section of \fBterminfo\fR(\*n).
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.PP
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These routines return special values to denote errors.
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.PP
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The \fBtigetflag\fR routine returns
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.TP
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\fB\-1\fR
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if \fIcapname\fR is not a boolean capability,
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or
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.TP
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\fB0\fR
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if it is canceled or absent from the terminal description.
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.PP
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The \fBtigetnum\fR routine returns
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.TP
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\fB\-2\fR
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if \fIcapname\fR is not a numeric capability, or
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.TP
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\fB\-1\fR
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if it is canceled or absent from the terminal description.
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.PP
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The \fBtigetstr\fR routine returns
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.TP
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\fB(char *)\-1\fR
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if \fIcapname\fR is not a string capability,
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or
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.TP
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\fB0\fR
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if it is canceled or absent from the terminal description.
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.\" ***************************************************************************
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.SS Terminal Capability Names
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These null-terminated arrays contain
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the short terminfo names ("codes"),
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the \fBtermcap\fR names, and the long terminfo names ("fnames")
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for each of the predefined \fBterminfo\fR variables:
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.RS
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\fBchar *boolnames[]\fR, \fB*boolcodes[]\fR, \fB*boolfnames[]\fR
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.sp
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\fBchar *numnames[]\fR, \fB*numcodes[]\fR, \fB*numfnames[]\fR
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.sp
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\fBchar *strnames[]\fR, \fB*strcodes[]\fR, \fB*strfnames[]\fR
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.RE
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.SH RETURN VALUE
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Routines that return an integer return \fBERR\fR upon failure and \fBOK\fR
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(SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than \fBERR\fR") upon successful
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completion, unless otherwise noted in the preceding routine descriptions.
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.PP
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Routines that return pointers always return \fBNULL\fR on error.
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.PP
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X/Open defines no error conditions.
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In this implementation
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.RS 5
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.TP 5
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\fBdel_curterm\fP
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returns an error
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if its terminal parameter is null.
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.TP 5
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\fBputp\fP
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calls \fBtputs\fP, returning the same error-codes.
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.TP 5
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\fBrestartterm\fP
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returns an error
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if the associated call to \fBsetupterm\fP returns an error.
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.TP 5
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\fBsetupterm\fP
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returns an error
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if it cannot allocate enough memory, or
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create the initial windows (stdscr, curscr, newscr).
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Other error conditions are documented above.
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.TP 5
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\fBtputs\fP
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returns an error if the string parameter is null.
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It does not detect I/O errors:
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X/Open states that \fBtputs\fP ignores the return value
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of the output function \fIputc\fP.
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.RE
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.SH PORTABILITY
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X/Open notes that \fBvidattr\fR and \fBvidputs\fR may be macros.
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.PP
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The function \fBsetterm\fR is not described by X/Open and must
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be considered non-portable.
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All other functions are as described by X/Open.
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.PP
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\fBsetupterm\fP copies the terminal name to the array \fBttytype\fP.
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This is not part of X/Open Curses, but is assumed by some applications.
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.PP
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If configured to use the terminal-driver,
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e.g., for the MinGW port,
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.bP
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\fBsetupterm\fP interprets a missing/empty TERM variable as the
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special value \*(``unknown\*(''.
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.bP
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\fBsetupterm\fP allows explicit use of the
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the windows console driver by checking if $TERM is set to
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\*(``#win32con\*('' or an abbreviation of that string.
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.PP
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Older versions of \fBncurses\fP assumed that the file descriptor passed to
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\fBsetupterm\fP from \fBinitscr\fP or \fBnewterm\fP uses buffered I/O,
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and would write to the corresponding stream.
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In addition to the limitation that the terminal was left in block-buffered
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mode on exit (like SystemV curses),
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it was problematic because \fBncurses\fP
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did not allow a reliable way to cleanup on receiving SIGTSTP.
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The current version uses output buffers managed directly by \fBncurses\fP.
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Some of the low-level functions described in this manual page write
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to the standard output.
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They are not signal-safe.
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The high-level functions in \fBncurses\fP use
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alternate versions of these functions
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using the more reliable buffering scheme.
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.PP
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In System V Release 4, \fBset_curterm\fR has an \fBint\fR return type and
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returns \fBOK\fR or \fBERR\fR. We have chosen to implement the X/Open Curses
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semantics.
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.PP
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In System V Release 4, the third argument of \fBtputs\fR has the type
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\fBint (*putc)(char)\fR.
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.PP
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At least one implementation of X/Open Curses (Solaris) returns a value
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other than OK/ERR from \fBtputs\fP.
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That returns the length of the string, and does no error-checking.
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.PP
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|
X/Open Curses prototypes \fBtparm\fR with a fixed number of parameters,
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rather than a variable argument list.
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|
This implementation uses a variable argument list, but can be
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|
configured to use the fixed-parameter list.
|
|
Portable applications should provide 9 parameters after the format;
|
|
zeroes are fine for this purpose.
|
|
.PP
|
|
In response to comments by Thomas E. Dickey,
|
|
X/Open Curses Issue 7 proposed the \fBtiparm\fP function in mid-2009.
|
|
.PP
|
|
X/Open notes that after calling \fBmvcur\fR, the curses state may not match the
|
|
actual terminal state, and that an application should touch and refresh
|
|
the window before resuming normal curses calls.
|
|
Both \fBncurses\fP and System V Release 4 curses implement \fBmvcur\fR using
|
|
the SCREEN data allocated in either \fBinitscr\fR or \fBnewterm\fR.
|
|
So though it is documented as a terminfo function,
|
|
\fBmvcur\fR is really a curses function which is not well specified.
|
|
.PP
|
|
X/Open states that the old location must be given for \fBmvcur\fP.
|
|
This implementation allows the caller to use \-1's for the old ordinates.
|
|
In that case, the old location is unknown.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Other implementions may not declare the capability name arrays.
|
|
Some provide them without declaring them.
|
|
X/Open does not specify them.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Extended terminal capability names, e.g., as defined by \fB@TIC@\ \-x\fP,
|
|
are not stored in the arrays described here.
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
\fBcurses\fR(3X),
|
|
\fBcurs_initscr\fR(3X),
|
|
\fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X),
|
|
\fBcurs_termcap\fR(3X),
|
|
\fBcurs_variables\fR(3X),
|
|
\fBterm_variables\fR(3X),
|
|
\fBputc\fR(3),
|
|
\fBterminfo\fR(\*n)
|