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2002-10-13 11:35:53 +08:00
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****************************************************************************
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2004-02-09 10:15:26 +08:00
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* @Id: curs_initscr.3x,v 1.12 2003/05/10 20:33:49 jmc Exp @
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-->
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<HTML>
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2002-10-13 11:35:53 +08:00
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>curs_initscr 3x</TITLE>
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<link rev=made href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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</HEAD>
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<BODY>
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2002-10-13 11:35:53 +08:00
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<H1>curs_initscr 3x</H1>
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<HR>
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<PRE>
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<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
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<STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
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2000-07-09 10:46:08 +08:00
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</PRE>
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<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
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<STRONG>initscr</STRONG>, <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>endwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>isendwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>set_term</STRONG>, <STRONG>delscreen</STRONG> -
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<STRONG>curses</STRONG> screen initialization and manipulation routines
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</PRE>
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<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
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<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
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<STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*initscr(void);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>endwin(void);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>isendwin(void);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>SCREEN</STRONG> <STRONG>*newterm(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*type,</STRONG> <STRONG>FILE</STRONG> <STRONG>*outfd,</STRONG> <STRONG>FILE</STRONG> <STRONG>*infd);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>SCREEN</STRONG> <STRONG>*set_term(SCREEN</STRONG> <STRONG>*new);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>delscreen(SCREEN*</STRONG> <STRONG>sp);</STRONG>
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</PRE>
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
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<STRONG>initscr</STRONG> is normally the first <STRONG>curses</STRONG> routine to call when
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initializing a program. A few special routines sometimes
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need to be called before it; these are <STRONG>slk_init</STRONG>, <STRONG>filter</STRONG>,
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<STRONG>ripoffline</STRONG>, <STRONG>use_env</STRONG>. For multiple-terminal applications,
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<STRONG>newterm</STRONG> may be called before <STRONG>initscr</STRONG>.
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The initscr code determines the terminal type and initial-
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izes all <STRONG>curses</STRONG> data structures. <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> also causes the
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first call to <STRONG>refresh</STRONG> to clear the screen. If errors
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occur, <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> writes an appropriate error message to
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standard error and exits; otherwise, a pointer is returned
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to <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>.
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A program that outputs to more than one terminal should
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use the <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> routine for each terminal instead of
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<STRONG>initscr</STRONG>. A program that needs to inspect capabilities, so
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it can continue to run in a line-oriented mode if the ter-
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minal cannot support a screen-oriented program, would also
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use <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>. The routine <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> should be called once
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for each terminal. It returns a variable of type <STRONG>SCREEN</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG>
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which should be saved as a reference to that terminal.
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The arguments are the <EM>type</EM> of the terminal to be used in
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place of <STRONG>$TERM</STRONG>, a file pointer for output to the terminal,
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and another file pointer for input from the terminal (if
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<EM>type</EM> is <STRONG>NULL</STRONG>, <STRONG>$TERM</STRONG> will be used). The program must also
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call <STRONG>endwin</STRONG> for each terminal being used before exiting
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from <STRONG>curses</STRONG>. If <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> is called more than once for the
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same terminal, the first terminal referred to must be the
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last one for which <STRONG>endwin</STRONG> is called.
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A program should always call <STRONG>endwin</STRONG> before exiting or
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escaping from <STRONG>curses</STRONG> mode temporarily. This routine
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restores tty modes, moves the cursor to the lower left-
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hand corner of the screen and resets the terminal into the
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proper non-visual mode. Calling <STRONG>refresh</STRONG> or <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG> after
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a temporary escape causes the program to resume visual
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mode.
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The <STRONG>isendwin</STRONG> routine returns <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> if <STRONG>endwin</STRONG> has been
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called without any subsequent calls to <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>, and <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>
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otherwise.
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The <STRONG>set_term</STRONG> routine is used to switch between different
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terminals. The screen reference <STRONG>new</STRONG> becomes the new cur-
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rent terminal. The previous terminal is returned by the
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routine. This is the only routine which manipulates
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<STRONG>SCREEN</STRONG> pointers; all other routines affect only the
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current terminal.
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The <STRONG>delscreen</STRONG> routine frees storage associated with the
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<STRONG>SCREEN</STRONG> data structure. The <STRONG>endwin</STRONG> routine does not do
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this, so <STRONG>delscreen</STRONG> should be called after <STRONG>endwin</STRONG> if a par-
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ticular <STRONG>SCREEN</STRONG> is no longer needed.
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</PRE>
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<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
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<STRONG>endwin</STRONG> returns the integer <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> upon
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successful completion.
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Routines that return pointers always return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
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</PRE>
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<H2>NOTES</H2><PRE>
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Note that <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> and <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> may be macros.
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</PRE>
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<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
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These functions are described in the XSI Curses standard,
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Issue 4. It specifies that portable applications must not
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call <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> more than once.
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Old versions of curses, e.g., BSD 4.4, may have returned a
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null pointer from <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> when an error is detected,
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rather than exiting. It is safe but redundant to check
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the return value of <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> in XSI Curses.
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</PRE>
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<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
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<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>,
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<STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
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2000-07-09 10:46:08 +08:00
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2004-02-09 10:15:26 +08:00
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<STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
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2000-07-09 10:46:08 +08:00
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</PRE>
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