nasm/doc/macropkg.src

\C{macropkg} \i{Standard Macro Packages}

The \i\c{%use} directive (see \k{use}) includes one of the standard
macro packages included with the NASM distribution and compiled into
the NASM binary.  It operates like the \c{%include} directive (see
\k{include}), but the included contents is provided by NASM itself.

The names of standard macro packages are case insensitive and can be
quoted or not.

As of version 2.15, NASM has \c{%ifusable} and \c{%ifusing} directives to help
the user understand whether an individual package available in this version of
NASM (\c{%ifusable}) or a particular package already loaded (\c{%ifusing}).


\H{pkg_altreg} \i\c{altreg}: \i{Alternate Register Names}

The \c{altreg} standard macro package provides alternate register
names.  It provides numeric register names for all registers (not just
\c{R8}-\c{R15}), the Intel-defined aliases \c{R8L}-\c{R15L} for the
low bytes of register (as opposed to the NASM/AMD standard names
\c{R8B}-\c{R15B}), and the names \c{R0H}-\c{R3H} (by analogy with
\c{R0L}-\c{R3L}) for \c{AH}, \c{CH}, \c{DH}, and \c{BH}.

Example use:

\c %use altreg
\c
\c proc:
\c       mov r0l,r3h                    ; mov al,bh
\c       ret

See also \k{reg64}.


\H{pkg_smartalign} \i\c{smartalign}\I{align, smart}: Smart \c{ALIGN} Macro

The \c{smartalign} standard macro package provides for an \i\c{ALIGN}
macro which is more powerful than the default (and
backwards-compatible) one (see \k{align}).  When the \c{smartalign}
package is enabled, when \c{ALIGN} is used without a second argument,
NASM will generate a sequence of instructions more efficient than a
series of \c{NOP}.  Furthermore, if the padding exceeds a specific
threshold, then NASM will generate a jump over the entire padding
sequence.

The specific instructions generated can be controlled with the
new \i\c{ALIGNMODE} macro.  This macro takes two parameters: one mode,
and an optional jump threshold override. If (for any reason) you need
to turn off the jump completely just set jump threshold value to -1
(or set it to \c{nojmp}). The following modes are possible:

\b \c{generic}: Works on all x86 CPUs and should have reasonable
performance.  The default jump threshold is 8.  This is the
default.

\b \c{nop}: Pad out with \c{NOP} instructions.  The only difference
compared to the standard \c{ALIGN} macro is that NASM can still jump
over a large padding area.  The default jump threshold is 16.

\b \c{k7}: Optimize for the AMD K7 (Athlon/Althon XP).  These
instructions should still work on all x86 CPUs.  The default jump
threshold is 16.

\b \c{k8}: Optimize for the AMD K8 (Opteron/Althon 64).  These
instructions should still work on all x86 CPUs.  The default jump
threshold is 16.

\b \c{p6}: Optimize for Intel CPUs.  This uses the long \c{NOP}
instructions first introduced in Pentium Pro.  This is incompatible
with all CPUs of family 5 or lower, as well as some VIA CPUs and
several virtualization solutions.  The default jump threshold is 16.

The macro \i\c{__?ALIGNMODE?__} is defined to contain the current
alignment mode.  A number of other macros beginning with \c{__?ALIGN_}
are used internally by this macro package.


\H{pkg_fp} \i\c\{fp}: Floating-point macros

This packages contains the following floating-point convenience macros:

\c %define Inf             __?Infinity?__
\c %define NaN             __?QNaN?__
\c %define QNaN            __?QNaN?__
\c %define SNaN            __?SNaN?__
\c
\c %define float8(x)       __?float8?__(x)
\c %define float16(x)      __?float16?__(x)
\c %define bfloat16(x)     __?bfloat16?__(x)
\c %define float32(x)      __?float32?__(x)
\c %define float64(x)      __?float64?__(x)
\c %define float80m(x)     __?float80m?__(x)
\c %define float80e(x)     __?float80e?__(x)
\c %define float128l(x)    __?float128l?__(x)
\c %define float128h(x)    __?float128h?__(x)

It also defines the a multi-line macro \i\c{bf16} that can be used
in a similar way to the \c{D}\e{x} directives for the other
floating-point numbers:

\c      bf16 -3.1415, NaN, 2000.0, +Inf


\H{pkg_ifunc} \i\c{ifunc}: \i{Integer functions}

This package contains a set of macros which implement integer
functions.  These are actually implemented as special operators, but
are most conveniently accessed via this macro package.

The macros provided are:

\S{ilog2} \i{Integer logarithms}

These functions calculate the integer logarithm base 2 of their
argument, considered as an unsigned integer.  The only differences
between the functions is their respective behavior if the argument
provided is not a power of two.

The function \i\c{ilog2e()} (alias \i\c{ilog2()}) generates an error if
the argument is not a power of two.

The function \i\c{ilog2f()} rounds the argument down to the nearest
power of two; if the argument is zero it returns zero.

The function \i\c{ilog2c()} rounds the argument up to the nearest
power of two.

The functions \i\c{ilog2fw()} (alias \i\c{ilog2w()}) and
\i\c{ilog2cw()} generate a warning if the argument is not a power of
two, but otherwise behaves like \c{ilog2f()} and \c{ilog2c()},
respectively.

\H{pkg_masm} \i\c{masm}: \i{MASM compatibility}

Since version 2.15, NASM has a MASM compatibility package with minimal
functionality, as intended to be used primarily with machine-generated code.
It does not include any "programmer-friendly" shortcuts, nor does it in any way
support ASSUME, symbol typing, or MASM-style structures.

To enable the package, use the directive:

\c{%use masm}

Currently, the MASM compatibility package emulates:

\b The \c{FLAT} and \c{OFFSET} keywords are recognized and ignored.

\b The \c{PTR} keyword signifies a memory reference, as if the
argument had been put in square brackets:

\c      mov eax,[foo]               ; memory reference
\c      mov eax,dword ptr foo       ; memory reference
\c      mov eax,dowrd ptr flat:foo  ; memory reference
\c      mov eax,offset foo          ; address
\c      mov eax,foo                 ; address (ambiguous syntax in MASM)

\b The \c{SEGMENT} ... \c{ENDS} syntax:

\c    segname SEGMENT
\c        ...
\c    segname ENDS

\b The \c{PROC} ... \c{ENDP} syntax:

\c    procname PROC [FAR]
\c         ...
\c    procname ENDP

\> \c{PROC} will also define \c{RET} as a macro expanding to either
\c{RETF} if \c{FAR} is specified and \c{RETN} otherwise. Any keyword
after \c{PROC} other than \c{FAR} is ignored.

\b The \c{TBYTE} keyword as an alias for \c{TWORD} (see \k{qsother}).

\b The \c{END} directive is ignored.

\b In 64-bit mode relative addressing is the default (\c{DEFAULT REL},
see \k{REL & ABS}).

In addition, NASM now natively supports, regardless of whether this
package is used or not:

\b \c{?} and \c{DUP} syntax for the \c{DB} etc data declaration
directives (see \k{db}).

\b \c{displacement[base+index]} syntax for memory operations, instead
of \c{[base+index+displacement]}.

\b \c{seg:[addr]} instead of \c{[seg:addr]} syntax.

\b A pure offset can be given to \c{LEA} without square brackets:

\c      lea rax,[foo]               ; standard syntax
\c      lea rax,foo                 ; also accepted