hdf5/test/big.c

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 * Copyright by The HDF Group.                                               *
 * Copyright by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois.         *
 * All rights reserved.                                                      *
 *                                                                           *
 * This file is part of HDF5.  The full HDF5 copyright notice, including     *
 * terms governing use, modification, and redistribution, is contained in    *
 * the files COPYING and Copyright.html.  COPYING can be found at the root   *
 * of the source code distribution tree; Copyright.html can be found at the  *
 * root level of an installed copy of the electronic HDF5 document set and   *
 * is linked from the top-level documents page.  It can also be found at     *
 * http://hdfgroup.org/HDF5/doc/Copyright.html.  If you do not have          *
 * access to either file, you may request a copy from help@hdfgroup.org.     *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */

/*
 * Programmer:  Robb Matzke <matzke@llnl.gov>
 *              Wednesday, April  8, 1998
 * Modified:	Albert Cheng <acheng@hdfgroup.org>
 * 		September 11, 2010
 */
/*
 * The purpose of this test is to verify if a virtual file driver can handle:
 *    a. Large file (2GB)
 *    This should exceed 32bits I/O system since offset is a signed
 *    integral type (in order to support negative offset with respect to
 *    end of file).
 *    b. Extra Large file (4GB)
 *    This definite exceeds 32bit I/O and file systems.
 *    c. Huge file (tens of GB)
 *    This verifies the HDF5 library handles big logical file size
 *    correctly.
 * In practice, if a VFD can handle a big file size, there is no need to
 * test the smaller file sizes.  E.g., If it can handle the Huge file,
 * there is no need to test the Extra large or Large files. Therefore the
 * test starts with larger size files and continues to test the smaller size
 * files only if the large sige file tests have failed.
 *
 * Another consideration is that even if a VFD is capable to handle a
 * huge file but it is likely to take a long time to write every byte
 * of a huge file. E.g., a simple workstation may have disks of write
 * speed of 10MB/sec. A huge file of 30GB will take about an hour to
 * write it. Therefore, this test will run the huge file test only if the
 * underlying file system supports sparse file. (A Sparse file here means
 * that disk space is allocated only when the contents are actually written.
 * E.g., If one creates a new file, seeks forward 10 million bytes, writes
 * 1 bytes and closes the file, then a sparse file, will show file size of
 * 10 million bytes but actaully uses only couple disk blocks, much smaller
 * than the formal file size.)
 *
 * One more consideration is that we want to distinguish an HDF5 library
 * failure from some system limits such as current free disk space or user
 * disk space quota. Therefore, the test will first attempt to verify no
 * such limits exist before running the actual VFD tests.
 */
#include "h5test.h"

#define DNAME		"big.data"

#define WRT_N		50
#define WRT_SIZE	4*1024
#define FAMILY_SIZE	1024*1024*1024

#define GB (HDoff_t)0x40000000L

#define MAX_TRIES	100

#if H5_SIZEOF_LONG_LONG >= 8
#   define GB8LL	((unsigned long long)8*1024*1024*1024)
#else
#   define GB8LL	0	/*cannot do the test*/
#endif

/* Define Small, Large, Extra Large, Huge File which 
 * corrspond to less than 2GB, 2GB, 4GB, and tens of GB file size.
 * NO_FILE stands for "no file" to be tested.
 */
typedef enum fsizes_t { SFILE, LFILE, XLFILE, HUGEFILE, NO_FILE} fsizes_t;
fsizes_t file_size= NO_FILE;

const char *FILENAME[] = {
        "big",
        "sec2",
        "stdio",
        NULL
};
int  cflag=1;    /* check file system before test */
int  sparse_support=0;  /* sparse file supported, default false */
int  have_space=0;    /* enough space for huge file test, default false */
hsize_t  family_size_def=FAMILY_SIZE;  /* default family file size */

/* Prototypes */
static void usage(void);
static int test_sec2(hid_t fapl);
static int test_stdio(hid_t fapl);
static int test_family(hid_t fapl);

/* Array used to record all addresses at which data has been written */
/* so far.  Used to prevent overlapping writes. */
static hsize_t values_used[WRT_N];

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:	randll
 *
 * Purpose:	Create a random long long value.
 * 		Ensures that a write at this value doesn't overlap any
 *		previous write.
 *
 * Return:	Success:	Random value
 *
 *		Failure:	Random value which overlaps another write
 *
 * Programmer:	Robb Matzke
 *              Tuesday, November 24, 1998
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static hsize_t
randll(hsize_t limit, int current_index)
{
    hsize_t	acc = 0;
    int 	overlap = 1;
    int 	i;
    int 	tries = 0;

    /* Generate up to MAX_TRIES random numbers until one of them */
    /* does not overlap with any previous writes */
    while(overlap != 0 && tries < MAX_TRIES)
    {
        acc = HDrandom();
        acc *= HDrandom();
        acc = acc % limit;
        overlap = 0;

        for(i = 0; i < current_index; i++)
        {
            if((acc >= values_used[i]) && (acc < values_used[i]+WRT_SIZE))
                overlap = 1;
            if((acc+WRT_SIZE >= values_used[i]) && (acc+WRT_SIZE < values_used[i]+WRT_SIZE))
                overlap = 1;
        }
        tries++;
    }

    values_used[current_index]=acc;

    return acc;
}


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:	is_sparse
 *
 * Purpose:	Determines if the file system of the current working
 *		directory supports holes.
 *
 * Return:	Success:	Non-zero if holes are supported; zero
 *				otherwise.
 *
 *		Failure:	zero
 *
 * Programmer:	Robb Matzke
 *              Wednesday, July 15, 1998
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
is_sparse(void)
{
    int		fd;
    h5_stat_t	sb;

    if ((fd=HDopen("x.h5", O_RDWR|O_TRUNC|O_CREAT, 0666)) < 0) return 0;
    if (HDlseek(fd, (off_t)(1024*1024), SEEK_SET)!=1024*1024) return 0;
    if (5!=HDwrite(fd, "hello", (size_t)5)) return 0;
    if (HDclose(fd) < 0) return 0;
    if (HDstat("x.h5", &sb) < 0) return 0;
    if (HDremove("x.h5") < 0) return 0;
#ifdef H5_HAVE_STAT_ST_BLOCKS
    return ((unsigned long)sb.st_blocks*512 < (unsigned long)sb.st_size);
#else
    return (0);
#endif
}


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:	supports_big
 *
 * Purpose:	Determines if the file system of the current working
 *		directory supports big files.
 *
 * Return:	Success:	Non-zero if big files are supported; zero
 *				otherwise.
 *
 *		Failure:	zero
 *
 * Programmer:	Raymond Lu
 *              Wednesday, April 18, 2007
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static fsizes_t
supports_big(void)
{
    int		fd = -1;
    fsizes_t    fsize = NO_FILE;

    if((fd=HDopen("y.h5", O_RDWR|O_TRUNC|O_CREAT, 0666)) < 0)
        goto error;

    /* Write a few byte at the beginning */
    if(5!=HDwrite(fd, "hello", (size_t)5))
        goto quit;
    fsize = SFILE;

    /* Write a few bytes at 2GB */
    if(HDlseek(fd, 2*GB, SEEK_SET)!=2*GB)
        goto quit;
    if(5!=HDwrite(fd, "hello", (size_t)5))
        goto quit;
    fsize = LFILE;

    /* Write a few bytes at 4GB */
    if(HDlseek(fd, 4*GB, SEEK_SET) != 4*GB)
        goto quit;
    if(5!=HDwrite(fd, "hello", (size_t)5))
        goto quit;
    fsize = XLFILE;

    /* If this supports sparse_file, write a few bytes at 32GB */
    if(!sparse_support)
        goto quit;
    if(HDlseek(fd, 32*GB, SEEK_SET) != 32*GB)
        goto quit;
    if(5!=HDwrite(fd, "hello", (size_t)5))
        goto quit;
    fsize = HUGEFILE;

quit:
    if(HDclose(fd) < 0)
        goto error;
    if(HDremove("y.h5") < 0)
        goto error;
    return fsize;

error:
    if(fd >= 0){
        HDclose(fd);
        HDremove("y.h5");
    }
    return fsize;
}


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:	enough_room
 *
 * Purpose:	Tries to create a bunch of sparse files to see if quotas will
 *		get in the way.  Some systems also have problems opening
 *		enough files and we'll check that too.
 *
 * Return:	Success:	Non-zero
 *
 *		Failure:	zero
 *
 * Programmer:	Robb Matzke
 *              Thursday, August  6, 1998
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
enough_room(hid_t fapl)
{
    int		ret_value=0;
    int		fd[68];
    size_t	i, size = (size_t)1 << 30;
    char	filename[1024], name[1024];

    /* Initialize file descriptors */
    for (i=0; i<NELMTS(fd); i++) fd[i] = -1;

    /* Get file name template */
    HDassert(H5FD_FAMILY==H5Pget_driver(fapl));
    h5_fixname(FILENAME[0], fapl, filename, sizeof(filename));

    /* Create files */
    for (i=0; i<NELMTS(fd); i++) {
        HDsnprintf(name, sizeof(name), filename, i);
        if ((fd[i]=HDopen(name, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666)) < 0) {
            goto done;
        }
        if ((off_t)size != HDlseek(fd[i], (off_t)size, SEEK_SET)) {
            goto done;
        }
        if (1!=HDwrite(fd[i], "X", (size_t)1)) {
            goto done;
        }
    }
    ret_value = 1;

done:
    for (i=0; i<NELMTS(fd) && fd[i]>=0; i++) {
        HDsnprintf(name, sizeof(name), filename, i);
        if(HDclose(fd[i]) < 0)
            ret_value=0;
        HDremove(name);
    }

    return ret_value;
}


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:	writer
 *
 * Purpose:	Creates a *big* dataset.
 *
 * Return:	Success:	0
 *
 *		Failure:	>0
 *
 * Programmer:	Robb Matzke
 *              Wednesday, April  8, 1998
 *
 * Modifications:
 * 	Robb Matzke, 15 Jul 1998
 *	Addresses are written to the file DNAME instead of stdout.
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
writer (char* filename, hid_t fapl, fsizes_t testsize, int wrt_n)
{
    hsize_t	size1[4] = {8, 1024, 1024, 1024};
    hsize_t	size2[1] = {GB8LL};
    hsize_t	hs_start[1];
    hsize_t	hs_size[1];
    hid_t	file=-1, space1=-1, space2=-1, mem_space=-1, d1=-1, d2=-1;
    int		*buf = (int*)HDmalloc (sizeof(int) * WRT_SIZE);
    int		i, j;
    FILE	*out = HDfopen(DNAME, "w");
    hid_t       dcpl;

    switch(testsize){
    case LFILE:
        TESTING("Large dataset write(2GB)");
        /* reduce size1 to produce a 2GB dataset */
        size1[1] = 1024/16;
        size2[0] /= 16;
        break;

    case XLFILE:
        TESTING("Extra large dataset write(4GB)");
        /* reduce size1 to produce a 4GB dataset */
        size1[1] = 1024/8;
        size2[0] /= 8;
        break;

    case HUGEFILE:
        TESTING("Huge dataset write");
        /* Leave size1 as 32GB */
        break;

    case SFILE:
        TESTING("small dataset write(1GB)");
        /* reduce size1 to produce a 1GB dataset */
        size1[1] = 1024/32;
        size2[0] /= 32;
        break;

    case NO_FILE:
        /* what to do?? */
        HDfprintf(stdout, "Unexpected file size of NO_FILE\n");
        goto error;
        break;

    default:
        HDfprintf(stdout, "Unexpected file size(%d)\n", testsize);
        goto error;
        break;
    }

    /*
     * We might be on a machine that has 32-bit files, so create an HDF5 file
     * which is a family of files.  Each member of the family will be 1GB
     */
    if ((file=H5Fcreate(filename, H5F_ACC_TRUNC, H5P_DEFAULT, fapl)) < 0) {
        goto error;
    }

    /* Create simple data spaces according to the size specified above. */
    if ((space1 = H5Screate_simple (4, size1, size1)) < 0 ||
            (space2 = H5Screate_simple (1, size2, size2)) < 0) {
        goto error;
    }

    /* Create the datasets */
    /*
     *  The fix below is provided for bug#921
     *  H5Dcreate with H5P_DEFAULT creation properties
     *  will create a set of solid 1GB files; test will crash if quotas are enforced
     *  or it will take some time to write a file.
     *  We should create a dataset allocating space late and never writing fill values.
     *  EIP 4/8/03
     */
    dcpl = H5Pcreate(H5P_DATASET_CREATE);
    H5Pset_alloc_time(dcpl, H5D_ALLOC_TIME_LATE);
    H5Pset_fill_time(dcpl, H5D_FILL_TIME_NEVER);
    if((d1 = H5Dcreate2(file, "d1", H5T_NATIVE_INT, space1, H5P_DEFAULT, dcpl, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0 ||
            (d2 = H5Dcreate2(file, "d2", H5T_NATIVE_INT, space2, H5P_DEFAULT, dcpl, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0) {
        goto error;
    }


    /* Write some things to them randomly */
    hs_size[0] = WRT_SIZE;
    if ((mem_space = H5Screate_simple (1, hs_size, hs_size)) < 0) goto error;
    for (i=0; i<wrt_n; i++) {
	/* start position must be at least hs_size from the end */
        hs_start[0] = randll (size2[0]-hs_size[0], i);
        HDfprintf (out, "#%03d 0x%016Hx\n", i, hs_start[0]);
        if (H5Sselect_hyperslab (space2, H5S_SELECT_SET, hs_start, NULL,
                hs_size, NULL) < 0) goto error;
        for (j=0; j<WRT_SIZE; j++) {
            buf[j] = i+1;
        }
        if (H5Dwrite (d2, H5T_NATIVE_INT, mem_space, space2,
                H5P_DEFAULT, buf) < 0) goto error;
    }

    if (H5Dclose (d1) < 0) goto error;
    if (H5Dclose (d2) < 0) goto error;
    if (H5Sclose (mem_space) < 0) goto error;
    if (H5Sclose (space1) < 0) goto error;
    if (H5Sclose (space2) < 0) goto error;
    if (H5Fclose (file) < 0) goto error;
    HDfree (buf);
    HDfclose(out);
    PASSED();
    return 0;

error:
    H5E_BEGIN_TRY {
        H5Dclose(d1);
        H5Dclose(d2);
        H5Sclose(space1);
        H5Sclose(space2);
        H5Sclose(mem_space);
        H5Fclose(file);
    } H5E_END_TRY;
    if (buf) HDfree(buf);
    if (out) HDfclose(out);
    return 1;
}


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:	reader
 *
 * Purpose:	Reads some data from random locations in the dataset.
 *
 * Return:	Success:	0
 *
 * 		Failure:	>0
 *
 * Programmer:	Robb Matzke
 *              Friday, April 10, 1998
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
reader(char *filename, hid_t fapl)
{
    FILE	*script = NULL;
    hid_t	file = -1, mspace = -1, fspace = -1, d2 = -1;
    char	ln[128], *s;
    hsize_t	hs_offset[1];
    hsize_t	hs_size[1] = {WRT_SIZE};
    int		*buf = (int *)HDmalloc(sizeof(int) * WRT_SIZE);
    int		i, j, zero, wrong, nerrors = 0;

    /* Open script file */
    script = HDfopen(DNAME, "r");

    /* Open HDF5 file */
    if((file = H5Fopen(filename, H5F_ACC_RDONLY, fapl)) < 0) FAIL_STACK_ERROR

    /* Open the dataset */
    if((d2 = H5Dopen2(file, "d2", H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0) FAIL_STACK_ERROR
    if((fspace = H5Dget_space(d2)) < 0) FAIL_STACK_ERROR

    /* Describe `buf' */
    if((mspace = H5Screate_simple(1, hs_size, hs_size)) < 0) FAIL_STACK_ERROR

    /* Read each region */
    while(HDfgets(ln, (int)sizeof(ln), script)) {
        if('#' != ln[0])
            break;
        i = (int)HDstrtol(ln + 1, &s, 10);
        hs_offset[0] = HDstrtoll(s, NULL, 0);
        HDfprintf(stdout, "#%03d 0x%016Hx%47s", i, hs_offset[0], "");
        HDfflush(stdout);

        if(H5Sselect_hyperslab(fspace, H5S_SELECT_SET, hs_offset, NULL,
                hs_size, NULL) < 0) FAIL_STACK_ERROR
                if(H5Dread(d2, H5T_NATIVE_INT, mspace, fspace, H5P_DEFAULT, buf) < 0)
                    FAIL_STACK_ERROR

                    /* Check */
                    for(j = zero = wrong = 0; j < WRT_SIZE; j++) {
                        if(0 == buf[j])
                            zero++;
                        else if(buf[j] != i + 1)
                            wrong++;
                    }
        if(zero) {
            H5_FAILED();
            printf("    %d zero%s\n", zero, 1 == zero ? "" : "s");
        } else if(wrong) {
            SKIPPED();
            HDputs("    Possible overlap with another region.");
            nerrors++;
        } else {
            PASSED();
        }
    }

    if(H5Dclose(d2) < 0) FAIL_STACK_ERROR
            if(H5Sclose(mspace) < 0) FAIL_STACK_ERROR
            if(H5Sclose(fspace) < 0) FAIL_STACK_ERROR
            if(H5Fclose(file) < 0) FAIL_STACK_ERROR
            HDfree(buf);
    HDfclose(script);

    return nerrors;

error:
    H5E_BEGIN_TRY {
        H5Dclose(d2);
        H5Sclose(mspace);
        H5Sclose(fspace);
        H5Fclose(file);
    } H5E_END_TRY;
    if(buf)
        HDfree(buf);
    if(script)
        HDfclose(script);
    return 1;
}



/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:	usage
 *
 * Purpose:	Print command usage
 *
 * Return:	void
 *
 * Programmer:	Albert Chent
 *              Mar 28, 2002
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
usage(void)
{
    HDfprintf(stdout,
            "Usage: big [-h] [-c] [-fsize <fsize>}\n"
            "\t-h\tPrint the help page\n"
            "\t-c\tFile system Checking skipped.  Caution: this test generates\n"
            "\t\tmany big files and may fill up the file system.\n"
            "\t-fsize\tChange family size default to <fsize> where <fsize> is\n"
            "\t\ta positive float point number.  Default value is %Hu.\n"
            "Examples:\n"
            "\tbig -fsize 2.1e9 \t# test with file size just under 2GB\n"
            "\tbig -fsize 2.2e9 \t# test with file size just above 2GB\n"
            "\tBe sure the file system can support the file size requested\n"
            , (hsize_t)FAMILY_SIZE);
}

static int
test_sec2(hid_t fapl)
{
    char	filename[1024];
    fsizes_t	testsize;

    testsize = supports_big();
    if(testsize == NO_FILE) {
        HDfprintf(stdout, "Test for sec2 is skipped because file system does not support big files.\n");
        goto quit;
    }
    /* Test big file with the SEC2 driver */
    HDputs("Testing big file with the SEC2 Driver ");

    h5_fixname(FILENAME[1], fapl, filename, sizeof filename);

    if(writer(filename, fapl, testsize, WRT_N))
        goto error;
    if(reader(filename, fapl))
        goto error;

    HDputs("Test passed with the SEC2 Driver.");

quit:
    /* End with normal return code */
    /* Clean up the test file */
    h5_clean_files(FILENAME, fapl);
    HDremove(DNAME);
    return 0;

error:
    HDputs("*** TEST FAILED ***");
    return 1;
} /* end test_sec2() */

static int 
test_stdio(hid_t fapl)
{
    char	filename[1024];
    fsizes_t	testsize;

    testsize = supports_big();
    if(testsize == NO_FILE) {
        HDfprintf(stdout, "Test for stdio is skipped because file system does not support big files.\n");
        goto quit;
    }
    HDputs("\nTesting big file with the STDIO Driver ");

    h5_fixname(FILENAME[2], fapl, filename, sizeof filename);

    if(writer(filename, fapl, testsize, WRT_N))
        goto error;
    if(reader(filename, fapl))
        goto error;
    HDputs("Test passed with the STDIO Driver.");

    /* Flush stdout at the end of this test routine to ensure later
     * output to stderr will not come out before it.
     */

quit:
    /* End with normal return code */
    /* Clean up the test file */
    h5_clean_files(FILENAME, fapl);
    HDremove(DNAME);
    HDfflush(stdout);
    return 0;

error:
    HDputs("*** TEST FAILED ***");
    HDfflush(stdout);
    return 1;
} /* end test_stdio() */

static int
test_family(hid_t fapl)
{
    char	filename[1024];

    /* Test huge file with the family driver */
    HDputs("Testing big file with the Family Driver ");
    if((fapl = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS)) < 0)
        goto error;

    if(H5Pset_fapl_family(fapl, family_size_def, H5P_DEFAULT) < 0)
        goto error;

    if(cflag){
        /*
         * We shouldn't run this test if the file system doesn't support holes
         * because we would generate multi-gigabyte files.
         */
        HDputs("Checking if file system is adequate for this test...");
        if(sizeof(long long) < 8 || 0 == GB8LL) {
            HDputs("Test skipped because sizeof(long long) is too small. This");
            HDputs("hardware apparently doesn't support 64-bit integer types.");
            usage();
            goto quit;
        }
        if(!sparse_support) {
            HDputs("Test skipped because file system does not support holes.");
            usage();
            goto quit;
        }
        if(!enough_room(fapl)) {
            HDputs("Test skipped because of quota (file size or num open files).");
            usage();
            goto quit;
        }
    }

    /* Do the test with the Family Driver */
    h5_fixname(FILENAME[0], fapl, filename, sizeof filename);

    if(writer(filename, fapl, HUGEFILE, WRT_N))
        goto error;
    if(reader(filename, fapl))
        goto error;

    HDputs("Test passed with the Family Driver.");

quit:
    /* End with normal return code */
    /* Clean up the test file */
    h5_clean_files(FILENAME, fapl);
    HDremove(DNAME);
    return 0;

error:
    HDputs("*** TEST FAILED ***");
    return 1;
} /* end test_family() */


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:	main
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 * Return:	Success:
 *
 *		Failure:
 *
 * Programmer:	Robb Matzke
 *              Friday, April 10, 1998
 *
 * Modifications:
 *		Albert Cheng, 2002/03/28
 *		Added command option -fsize.
 *		Albert Cheng, 2002/04/19
 *		Added command option -c.
 *
 *              Raymond Lu, 2007/05/25
 *              Added similar tests for SEC2 and STDIO drivers.
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
int
main (int ac, char **av)
{
    unsigned long seed = 0;             /* Random # seed */
    hid_t fapl = -1;
    hid_t driver = -1;

    /* parameters setup */

    while (--ac > 0){
        av++;
        if (HDstrcmp("-fsize", *av)==0){
            /* specify a different family file size */
            ac--; av++;
            if (ac > 0) {
                family_size_def = (hsize_t)HDstrtoull(*av, NULL, 0);
            }
            else{
                printf("***Missing fsize value***\n");
                usage();
                return 1;
            }
        }
        else if (HDstrcmp("-c", *av)==0){
            /* turn off file system check before test */
            cflag=0;
        }
        else if (HDstrcmp("-h", *av)==0){
            usage();
            return 0;
        }else{
            usage();
            return 1;
        }
    }

    /* check VFD to see if this is one we test */
    if((fapl = h5_fileaccess()) < 0)
        goto error;
    if((driver = H5Pget_driver(fapl)) < 0)
        goto error;

    /* check sparse file support unless cflag is not set. */
    if(cflag)
        sparse_support = is_sparse();

    /* Choose random # seed */
    seed = (unsigned long)HDtime(NULL);
#ifdef QAK
    /* seed = (unsigned long)1155438845; */
    HDfprintf(stderr, "Random # seed was: %lu\n", seed);
#endif /* QAK */
    HDsrandom(seed);

    /* run VFD-specific test */
    if(H5FD_SEC2 == driver) {
        if(test_sec2(fapl) != 0)
            goto error;
    }
    else if(H5FD_STDIO == driver) {
        if(test_stdio(fapl) != 0)
            goto error;
    }
    else if(H5FD_FAMILY == driver) {
        if(test_family(fapl) != 0)
            goto error;
    }
    else
        HDputs("This VFD is not supported");

    /* End with normal exit code */
    /* fapls are cleaned up in the vfd test code */
    return 0;

error:
    HDputs("*** TEST FAILED ***");
    if(fapl > 0)
        H5Pclose(fapl);
    return 1;
}