From d1853625fd75247b2b2d4c81785cb77a51dad199 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aarni Koskela <akx@iki.fi>
Date: Fri, 5 May 2023 05:54:23 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] More Ruff rules (#4038)

* Bump ruff to 0.0.264

* Enable Ruff Naming rules and fix most errors

* Move `clean_html` to utils (to fix an N lint error)

* Changelog

* Clean up possibly leaking file handles

* Enable and autofix Ruff SIM

* Fix remaining Ruff SIMs

* Enable and autofix Ruff UP issues

* Fix misordered import from #4048

* Fix bare except from #4048

---------

Co-authored-by: Abubakar Abid <abubakar@huggingface.co>
---
 CHANGELOG.md                                 |   1 +
 client/python/gradio_client/client.py        |  44 +-
 client/python/gradio_client/documentation.py |   4 +-
 client/python/gradio_client/serializing.py   |  76 ++--
 client/python/gradio_client/utils.py         |  31 +-
 client/python/test/requirements.txt          |   2 +-
 client/python/test/test_client.py            |  33 +-
 client/python/test/test_serializing.py       |   6 +-
 gradio/__init__.py                           |   2 +-
 gradio/blocks.py                             | 123 +++---
 gradio/components.py                         | 439 +++++++++----------
 gradio/events.py                             |  12 +-
 gradio/exceptions.py                         |   5 +-
 gradio/external.py                           |   8 +-
 gradio/flagging.py                           |  38 +-
 gradio/helpers.py                            |  43 +-
 gradio/inputs.py                             |  22 +-
 gradio/interface.py                          | 130 +++---
 gradio/interpretation.py                     |  20 +-
 gradio/layouts.py                            |   3 +-
 gradio/networking.py                         |   4 +-
 gradio/outputs.py                            |  10 +-
 gradio/pipelines.py                          |   4 +-
 gradio/processing_utils.py                   |   8 +-
 gradio/queueing.py                           |  24 +-
 gradio/ranged_response.py                    |   6 +-
 gradio/reload.py                             |   5 +-
 gradio/routes.py                             |  27 +-
 gradio/templates.py                          |  49 +--
 gradio/themes/base.py                        |  20 +-
 gradio/themes/builder.py                     |   6 +-
 gradio/themes/utils/semver_match.py          |   5 +-
 gradio/utils.py                              |  74 ++--
 pyproject.toml                               |  13 +-
 test/requirements-37.txt                     |   2 +-
 test/requirements.txt                        |   2 +-
 test/test_blocks.py                          |  15 +-
 test/test_components.py                      |   3 +-
 test/test_external.py                        |  16 +-
 test/test_interpretation.py                  |  18 +-
 test/test_mix.py                             |   4 +-
 test/test_processing_utils.py                |  19 +-
 test/test_routes.py                          |  13 +-
 test/test_utils.py                           |  15 +-
 44 files changed, 694 insertions(+), 710 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index d58dd2b7d8..310cfb6f68 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ No changes to highlight.
 
 - CI: Simplified Python CI workflow by [@akx](https://github.com/akx) in [PR 3982](https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/pull/3982)
 - Upgrade pyright to 1.1.305 by [@akx](https://github.com/akx) in [PR 4042](https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/pull/4042)
+- More Ruff rules are enabled and lint errors fixed by [@akx](https://github.com/akx) in [PR 4038](https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/pull/4038)
 
 ## Breaking Changes:
 
diff --git a/client/python/gradio_client/client.py b/client/python/gradio_client/client.py
index e86d5f47d6..e44c0b7566 100644
--- a/client/python/gradio_client/client.py
+++ b/client/python/gradio_client/client.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from concurrent.futures import Future, TimeoutError
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 from threading import Lock
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 import huggingface_hub
 import requests
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class Client:
         hf_token: str | None = None,
         private: bool = True,
         hardware: str | None = None,
-        secrets: Dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        secrets: dict[str, str] | None = None,
         sleep_timeout: int = 5,
         max_workers: int = 40,
         verbose: bool = True,
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ class Client:
             current_info.hardware or huggingface_hub.SpaceHardware.CPU_BASIC
         )
         hardware = hardware or original_info.hardware
-        if not current_hardware == hardware:
+        if current_hardware != hardware:
             huggingface_hub.request_space_hardware(space_id, hardware)  # type: ignore
             print(
                 f"-------\nNOTE: this Space uses upgraded hardware: {hardware}... see billing info at https://huggingface.co/settings/billing\n-------"
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ class Client:
         *args,
         api_name: str | None = None,
         fn_index: int | None = None,
-        result_callbacks: Callable | List[Callable] | None = None,
+        result_callbacks: Callable | list[Callable] | None = None,
     ) -> Job:
         """
         Creates and returns a Job object which calls the Gradio API in a background thread. The job can be used to retrieve the status and result of the remote API call.
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ class Client:
         all_endpoints: bool | None = None,
         print_info: bool = True,
         return_format: Literal["dict", "str"] | None = None,
-    ) -> Dict | str | None:
+    ) -> dict | str | None:
         """
         Prints the usage info for the API. If the Gradio app has multiple API endpoints, the usage info for each endpoint will be printed separately. If return_format="dict" the info is returned in dictionary format, as shown in the example below.
 
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ class Client:
     def _render_endpoints_info(
         self,
         name_or_index: str | int,
-        endpoints_info: Dict[str, List[Dict[str, str]]],
+        endpoints_info: dict[str, list[dict[str, str]]],
     ) -> str:
         parameter_names = [p["label"] for p in endpoints_info["parameters"]]
         parameter_names = [utils.sanitize_parameter_names(p) for p in parameter_names]
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ class Client:
     def _space_name_to_src(self, space) -> str | None:
         return huggingface_hub.space_info(space, token=self.hf_token).host  # type: ignore
 
-    def _get_config(self) -> Dict:
+    def _get_config(self) -> dict:
         r = requests.get(
             urllib.parse.urljoin(self.src, utils.CONFIG_URL), headers=self.headers
         )
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ class Client:
 class Endpoint:
     """Helper class for storing all the information about a single API endpoint."""
 
-    def __init__(self, client: Client, fn_index: int, dependency: Dict):
+    def __init__(self, client: Client, fn_index: int, dependency: dict):
         self.client: Client = client
         self.fn_index = fn_index
         self.dependency = dependency
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ class Endpoint:
         return _inner
 
     def make_predict(self, helper: Communicator | None = None):
-        def _predict(*data) -> Tuple:
+        def _predict(*data) -> tuple:
             data = json.dumps(
                 {
                     "data": data,
@@ -669,8 +669,8 @@ class Endpoint:
         return outputs
 
     def _upload(
-        self, file_paths: List[str | List[str]]
-    ) -> List[str | List[str]] | List[Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]]]:
+        self, file_paths: list[str | list[str]]
+    ) -> list[str | list[str]] | list[dict[str, Any] | list[dict[str, Any]]]:
         if not file_paths:
             return []
         # Put all the filepaths in one file
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ class Endpoint:
             if not isinstance(fs, list):
                 fs = [fs]
             for f in fs:
-                files.append(("files", (Path(f).name, open(f, "rb"))))
+                files.append(("files", (Path(f).name, open(f, "rb"))))  # noqa: SIM115
                 indices.append(i)
         r = requests.post(
             self.client.upload_url, headers=self.client.headers, files=files
@@ -718,8 +718,8 @@ class Endpoint:
 
     def _add_uploaded_files_to_data(
         self,
-        files: List[str | List[str]] | List[Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]]],
-        data: List[Any],
+        files: list[str | list[str]] | list[dict[str, Any] | list[dict[str, Any]]],
+        data: list[Any],
     ) -> None:
         """Helper function to modify the input data with the uploaded files."""
         file_counter = 0
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ class Endpoint:
                 data[i] = files[file_counter]
                 file_counter += 1
 
-    def serialize(self, *data) -> Tuple:
+    def serialize(self, *data) -> tuple:
         data = list(data)
         for i, input_component_type in enumerate(self.input_component_types):
             if input_component_type == utils.STATE_COMPONENT:
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ class Endpoint:
         o = tuple([s.serialize(d) for s, d in zip(self.serializers, data)])
         return o
 
-    def deserialize(self, *data) -> Tuple | Any:
+    def deserialize(self, *data) -> tuple | Any:
         assert len(data) == len(
             self.deserializers
         ), f"Expected {len(self.deserializers)} outputs, got {len(data)}"
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ class Endpoint:
                 for s, d, oct in zip(
                     self.deserializers, data, self.output_component_types
                 )
-                if not oct == utils.STATE_COMPONENT
+                if oct != utils.STATE_COMPONENT
             ]
         )
         if (
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ class Endpoint:
                 [
                     oct
                     for oct in self.output_component_types
-                    if not oct == utils.STATE_COMPONENT
+                    if oct != utils.STATE_COMPONENT
                 ]
             )
             == 1
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ class Endpoint:
             output = outputs
         return output
 
-    def _setup_serializers(self) -> Tuple[List[Serializable], List[Serializable]]:
+    def _setup_serializers(self) -> tuple[list[Serializable], list[Serializable]]:
         inputs = self.dependency["inputs"]
         serializers = []
 
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ class Endpoint:
 
         return serializers, deserializers
 
-    def _use_websocket(self, dependency: Dict) -> bool:
+    def _use_websocket(self, dependency: dict) -> bool:
         queue_enabled = self.client.config.get("enable_queue", False)
         queue_uses_websocket = version.parse(
             self.client.config.get("version", "2.0")
@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ class Job(Future):
     def __iter__(self) -> Job:
         return self
 
-    def __next__(self) -> Tuple | Any:
+    def __next__(self) -> tuple | Any:
         if not self.communicator:
             raise StopIteration()
 
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ class Job(Future):
         else:
             return super().result(timeout=timeout)
 
-    def outputs(self) -> List[Tuple | Any]:
+    def outputs(self) -> list[tuple | Any]:
         """
         Returns a list containing the latest outputs from the Job.
 
diff --git a/client/python/gradio_client/documentation.py b/client/python/gradio_client/documentation.py
index e6c60412c3..4d8d41ddf8 100644
--- a/client/python/gradio_client/documentation.py
+++ b/client/python/gradio_client/documentation.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import inspect
-from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Tuple
+from typing import Callable
 
 classes_to_document = {}
 classes_inherit_documentation = {}
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def document(*fns, inherit=False):
     return inner_doc
 
 
-def document_fn(fn: Callable, cls) -> Tuple[str, List[Dict], Dict, str | None]:
+def document_fn(fn: Callable, cls) -> tuple[str, list[dict], dict, str | None]:
     """
     Generates documentation for any function.
     Parameters:
diff --git a/client/python/gradio_client/serializing.py b/client/python/gradio_client/serializing.py
index 268ed31f3c..02c9507355 100644
--- a/client/python/gradio_client/serializing.py
+++ b/client/python/gradio_client/serializing.py
@@ -4,21 +4,21 @@ import json
 import os
 import uuid
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
+from typing import Any
 
 from gradio_client import media_data, utils
 from gradio_client.data_classes import FileData
 
 
 class Serializable:
-    def api_info(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+    def api_info(self) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
         """
         The typing information for this component as a dictionary whose values are a list of 2 strings: [Python type, language-agnostic description].
         Keys of the dictionary are: raw_input, raw_output, serialized_input, serialized_output
         """
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """
         The example inputs for this component as a dictionary whose values are example inputs compatible with this component.
         Keys of the dictionary are: raw, serialized
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ class Serializable:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     # For backwards compatibility
-    def input_api_info(self) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    def input_api_info(self) -> tuple[str, str]:
         api_info = self.api_info()
         return (api_info["serialized_input"][0], api_info["serialized_input"][1])
 
     # For backwards compatibility
-    def output_api_info(self) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    def output_api_info(self) -> tuple[str, str]:
         api_info = self.api_info()
         return (api_info["serialized_output"][0], api_info["serialized_output"][1])
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class Serializable:
 class SimpleSerializable(Serializable):
     """General class that does not perform any serialization or deserialization."""
 
-    def api_info(self) -> Dict[str, str | List[str]]:
+    def api_info(self) -> dict[str, str | list[str]]:
         return {
             "raw_input": ["Any", ""],
             "raw_output": ["Any", ""],
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class SimpleSerializable(Serializable):
             "serialized_output": ["Any", ""],
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": None,
             "serialized": None,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class SimpleSerializable(Serializable):
 class StringSerializable(Serializable):
     """Expects a string as input/output but performs no serialization."""
 
-    def api_info(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+    def api_info(self) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
         return {
             "raw_input": ["str", "string value"],
             "raw_output": ["str", "string value"],
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class StringSerializable(Serializable):
             "serialized_output": ["str", "string value"],
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": "Howdy!",
             "serialized": "Howdy!",
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class StringSerializable(Serializable):
 class ListStringSerializable(Serializable):
     """Expects a list of strings as input/output but performs no serialization."""
 
-    def api_info(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+    def api_info(self) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
         return {
             "raw_input": ["List[str]", "list of string values"],
             "raw_output": ["List[str]", "list of string values"],
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class ListStringSerializable(Serializable):
             "serialized_output": ["List[str]", "list of string values"],
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": ["Howdy!", "Merhaba"],
             "serialized": ["Howdy!", "Merhaba"],
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class ListStringSerializable(Serializable):
 class BooleanSerializable(Serializable):
     """Expects a boolean as input/output but performs no serialization."""
 
-    def api_info(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+    def api_info(self) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
         return {
             "raw_input": ["bool", "boolean value"],
             "raw_output": ["bool", "boolean value"],
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class BooleanSerializable(Serializable):
             "serialized_output": ["bool", "boolean value"],
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": True,
             "serialized": True,
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class BooleanSerializable(Serializable):
 class NumberSerializable(Serializable):
     """Expects a number (int/float) as input/output but performs no serialization."""
 
-    def api_info(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+    def api_info(self) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
         return {
             "raw_input": ["int | float", "numeric value"],
             "raw_output": ["int | float", "numeric value"],
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class NumberSerializable(Serializable):
             "serialized_output": ["int | float", "numeric value"],
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": 5,
             "serialized": 5,
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class NumberSerializable(Serializable):
 class ImgSerializable(Serializable):
     """Expects a base64 string as input/output which is serialized to a filepath."""
 
-    def api_info(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+    def api_info(self) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
         return {
             "raw_input": ["str", "base64 representation of image"],
             "raw_output": ["str", "base64 representation of image"],
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class ImgSerializable(Serializable):
             "serialized_output": ["str", "filepath or URL to image"],
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": media_data.BASE64_IMAGE,
             "serialized": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gradio-app/gradio/main/test/test_files/bus.png",
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class ImgSerializable(Serializable):
 class FileSerializable(Serializable):
     """Expects a dict with base64 representation of object as input/output which is serialized to a filepath."""
 
-    def api_info(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+    def api_info(self) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
         return {
             "raw_input": [
                 "str | Dict",
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class FileSerializable(Serializable):
             "serialized_output": ["str", "filepath or URL to file"],
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": {"is_file": False, "data": media_data.BASE64_FILE},
             "serialized": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/raw/main/test/test_files/sample_file.pdf",
@@ -280,9 +280,9 @@ class FileSerializable(Serializable):
 
     def serialize(
         self,
-        x: str | FileData | None | List[str | FileData | None],
+        x: str | FileData | None | list[str | FileData | None],
         load_dir: str | Path = "",
-    ) -> FileData | None | List[FileData | None]:
+    ) -> FileData | None | list[FileData | None]:
         """
         Convert from human-friendly version of a file (string filepath) to a
         seralized representation (base64)
@@ -299,11 +299,11 @@ class FileSerializable(Serializable):
 
     def deserialize(
         self,
-        x: str | FileData | None | List[str | FileData | None],
+        x: str | FileData | None | list[str | FileData | None],
         save_dir: Path | str | None = None,
         root_url: str | None = None,
         hf_token: str | None = None,
-    ) -> str | None | List[str | None]:
+    ) -> str | None | list[str | None]:
         """
         Convert from serialized representation of a file (base64) to a human-friendly
         version (string filepath). Optionally, save the file to the directory specified by `save_dir`
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ class FileSerializable(Serializable):
 
 
 class VideoSerializable(FileSerializable):
-    def api_info(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+    def api_info(self) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
         return {
             "raw_input": [
                 "str | Dict",
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ class VideoSerializable(FileSerializable):
             "serialized_output": ["str", "filepath or URL to file"],
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": {"is_file": False, "data": media_data.BASE64_VIDEO},
             "serialized": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/raw/main/test/test_files/video_sample.mp4",
@@ -353,16 +353,16 @@ class VideoSerializable(FileSerializable):
 
     def serialize(
         self, x: str | None, load_dir: str | Path = ""
-    ) -> Tuple[FileData | None, None]:
+    ) -> tuple[FileData | None, None]:
         return (super().serialize(x, load_dir), None)  # type: ignore
 
     def deserialize(
         self,
-        x: Tuple[FileData | None, FileData | None] | None,
+        x: tuple[FileData | None, FileData | None] | None,
         save_dir: Path | str | None = None,
         root_url: str | None = None,
         hf_token: str | None = None,
-    ) -> str | Tuple[str | None, str | None] | None:
+    ) -> str | tuple[str | None, str | None] | None:
         """
         Convert from serialized representation of a file (base64) to a human-friendly
         version (string filepath). Optionally, save the file to the directory specified by `save_dir`
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ class VideoSerializable(FileSerializable):
 
 
 class JSONSerializable(Serializable):
-    def api_info(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+    def api_info(self) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
         return {
             "raw_input": ["str | Dict | List", "JSON-serializable object or a string"],
             "raw_output": ["Dict | List", "dictionary- or list-like object"],
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ class JSONSerializable(Serializable):
             "serialized_output": ["str", "filepath to JSON file"],
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": {"a": 1, "b": 2},
             "serialized": None,
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ class JSONSerializable(Serializable):
         self,
         x: str | None,
         load_dir: str | Path = "",
-    ) -> Dict | List | None:
+    ) -> dict | list | None:
         """
         Convert from a a human-friendly version (string path to json file) to a
         serialized representation (json string)
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ class JSONSerializable(Serializable):
 
     def deserialize(
         self,
-        x: str | Dict | List,
+        x: str | dict | list,
         save_dir: str | Path | None = None,
         root_url: str | None = None,
         hf_token: str | None = None,
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ class JSONSerializable(Serializable):
 
 
 class GallerySerializable(Serializable):
-    def api_info(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+    def api_info(self) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
         return {
             "raw_input": [
                 "List[List[str | None]]",
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ class GallerySerializable(Serializable):
             ],
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": [media_data.BASE64_IMAGE] * 2,
             "serialized": [
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ class GallerySerializable(Serializable):
 
     def serialize(
         self, x: str | None, load_dir: str | Path = ""
-    ) -> List[List[str | None]] | None:
+    ) -> list[list[str | None]] | None:
         if x is None or x == "":
             return None
         files = []
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ class GallerySerializable(Serializable):
 
     def deserialize(
         self,
-        x: List[List[str | None]] | None,
+        x: list[list[str | None]] | None,
         save_dir: str = "",
         root_url: str | None = None,
         hf_token: str | None = None,
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ class GallerySerializable(Serializable):
         gallery_path.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
         captions = {}
         for img_data in x:
-            if isinstance(img_data, list) or isinstance(img_data, tuple):
+            if isinstance(img_data, (list, tuple)):
                 img_data, caption = img_data
             else:
                 caption = None
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ SERIALIZER_MAPPING["Serializable"] = SimpleSerializable
 SERIALIZER_MAPPING["File"] = FileSerializable
 SERIALIZER_MAPPING["UploadButton"] = FileSerializable
 
-COMPONENT_MAPPING: Dict[str, type] = {
+COMPONENT_MAPPING: dict[str, type] = {
     "textbox": StringSerializable,
     "number": NumberSerializable,
     "slider": NumberSerializable,
diff --git a/client/python/gradio_client/utils.py b/client/python/gradio_client/utils.py
index b5f298a916..7e4f4f62fe 100644
--- a/client/python/gradio_client/utils.py
+++ b/client/python/gradio_client/utils.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from enum import Enum
 from pathlib import Path
 from threading import Lock
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional
 
 import fsspec.asyn
 import httpx
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class Status(Enum):
     CANCELLED = "CANCELLED"
 
     @staticmethod
-    def ordering(status: "Status") -> int:
+    def ordering(status: Status) -> int:
         """Order of messages. Helpful for testing."""
         order = [
             Status.STARTING,
@@ -100,11 +100,11 @@ class Status(Enum):
         ]
         return order.index(status)
 
-    def __lt__(self, other: "Status"):
+    def __lt__(self, other: Status):
         return self.ordering(self) < self.ordering(other)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def msg_to_status(msg: str) -> "Status":
+    def msg_to_status(msg: str) -> Status:
         """Map the raw message from the backend to the status code presented to users."""
         return {
             "send_hash": Status.JOINING_QUEUE,
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class ProgressUnit:
     desc: Optional[str]
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_ws_msg(cls, data: List[Dict]) -> List["ProgressUnit"]:
+    def from_ws_msg(cls, data: list[dict]) -> list[ProgressUnit]:
         return [
             cls(
                 index=d.get("index"),
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class StatusUpdate:
     eta: float | None
     success: bool | None
     time: datetime | None
-    progress_data: List[ProgressUnit] | None
+    progress_data: list[ProgressUnit] | None
 
 
 def create_initial_status_update():
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class JobStatus:
     """
 
     latest_status: StatusUpdate = field(default_factory=create_initial_status_update)
-    outputs: List[Any] = field(default_factory=list)
+    outputs: list[Any] = field(default_factory=list)
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class Communicator:
 
     lock: Lock
     job: JobStatus
-    deserialize: Callable[..., Tuple]
+    deserialize: Callable[..., tuple]
     reset_url: str
     should_cancel: bool = False
 
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ async def get_pred_from_ws(
     data: str,
     hash_data: str,
     helper: Communicator | None = None,
-) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
     completed = False
     resp = {}
     while not completed:
@@ -285,9 +285,10 @@ def download_tmp_copy_of_file(
         suffix=suffix,
         dir=dir,
     )
-    with requests.get(url_path, headers=headers, stream=True) as r:
-        with open(file_obj.name, "wb") as f:
-            shutil.copyfileobj(r.raw, f)
+    with requests.get(url_path, headers=headers, stream=True) as r, open(
+        file_obj.name, "wb"
+    ) as f:
+        shutil.copyfileobj(r.raw, f)
     return file_obj
 
 
@@ -360,7 +361,7 @@ def encode_url_or_file_to_base64(path: str | Path):
         return encode_file_to_base64(path)
 
 
-def decode_base64_to_binary(encoding: str) -> Tuple[bytes, str | None]:
+def decode_base64_to_binary(encoding: str) -> tuple[bytes, str | None]:
     extension = get_extension(encoding)
     data = encoding.rsplit(",", 1)[-1]
     return base64.b64decode(data), extension
@@ -421,7 +422,7 @@ def decode_base64_to_file(
     return file_obj
 
 
-def dict_or_str_to_json_file(jsn: str | Dict | List, dir: str | Path | None = None):
+def dict_or_str_to_json_file(jsn: str | dict | list, dir: str | Path | None = None):
     if dir is not None:
         os.makedirs(dir, exist_ok=True)
 
@@ -435,7 +436,7 @@ def dict_or_str_to_json_file(jsn: str | Dict | List, dir: str | Path | None = No
     return file_obj
 
 
-def file_to_json(file_path: str | Path) -> Dict | List:
+def file_to_json(file_path: str | Path) -> dict | list:
     with open(file_path) as f:
         return json.load(f)
 
diff --git a/client/python/test/requirements.txt b/client/python/test/requirements.txt
index 0a0e97bcb9..8a864c0525 100644
--- a/client/python/test/requirements.txt
+++ b/client/python/test/requirements.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 black==22.6.0
 pytest-asyncio
 pytest==7.1.2
-ruff==0.0.263
+ruff==0.0.264
 pyright==1.1.305
 gradio
diff --git a/client/python/test/test_client.py b/client/python/test/test_client.py
index a24d2e1e7b..c4fa25c48c 100644
--- a/client/python/test/test_client.py
+++ b/client/python/test/test_client.py
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ class TestPredictionsFromSpaces:
     @pytest.mark.flaky
     def test_numerical_to_label_space(self):
         client = Client("gradio-tests/titanic-survival")
-        output = client.predict("male", 77, 10, api_name="/predict")
-        assert json.load(open(output))["label"] == "Perishes"
+        with open(client.predict("male", 77, 10, api_name="/predict")) as f:
+            assert json.load(f)["label"] == "Perishes"
         with pytest.raises(
             ValueError,
             match="This Gradio app might have multiple endpoints. Please specify an `api_name` or `fn_index`",
@@ -258,7 +258,8 @@ class TestPredictionsFromSpaces:
                 f.write("Hello from private space!")
 
             output = client.submit(1, "foo", f.name, api_name="/file_upload").result()
-            assert open(output).read() == "Hello from private space!"
+            with open(output) as f:
+                assert f.read() == "Hello from private space!"
             upload.assert_called_once()
 
         with patch.object(
@@ -267,24 +268,28 @@ class TestPredictionsFromSpaces:
             with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", delete=False) as f:
                 f.write("Hello from private space!")
 
-            output = client.submit(f.name, api_name="/upload_btn").result()
-            assert open(output).read() == "Hello from private space!"
+            with open(client.submit(f.name, api_name="/upload_btn").result()) as f:
+                assert f.read() == "Hello from private space!"
             upload.assert_called_once()
 
         with patch.object(
             client.endpoints[2], "_upload", wraps=client.endpoints[0]._upload
         ) as upload:
+            # `delete=False` is required for Windows compat
             with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", delete=False) as f1:
                 with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", delete=False) as f2:
-
                     f1.write("File1")
                     f2.write("File2")
-
-            output = client.submit(
-                3, [f1.name, f2.name], "hello", api_name="/upload_multiple"
+            r1, r2 = client.submit(
+                3,
+                [f1.name, f2.name],
+                "hello",
+                api_name="/upload_multiple",
             ).result()
-            assert open(output[0]).read() == "File1"
-            assert open(output[1]).read() == "File2"
+            with open(r1) as f:
+                assert f.read() == "File1"
+            with open(r2) as f:
+                assert f.read() == "File2"
             upload.assert_called_once()
 
     @pytest.mark.flaky
@@ -588,10 +593,8 @@ class TestAPIInfo:
     def test_serializable_in_mapping(self, calculator_demo):
         with connect(calculator_demo) as client:
             assert all(
-                [
-                    isinstance(c, SimpleSerializable)
-                    for c in client.endpoints[0].serializers
-                ]
+                isinstance(c, SimpleSerializable)
+                for c in client.endpoints[0].serializers
             )
 
     @pytest.mark.flaky
diff --git a/client/python/test/test_serializing.py b/client/python/test/test_serializing.py
index a1cef1accf..5fe804e990 100644
--- a/client/python/test/test_serializing.py
+++ b/client/python/test/test_serializing.py
@@ -34,8 +34,10 @@ def test_file_serializing():
         assert serializing.serialize(output) == output
 
         files = serializing.deserialize(output)
-        assert open(files[0]).read() == "Hello World!"
-        assert open(files[1]).read() == "Greetings!"
+        with open(files[0]) as f:
+            assert f.read() == "Hello World!"
+        with open(files[1]) as f:
+            assert f.read() == "Greetings!"
     finally:
         os.remove(f1.name)
         os.remove(f2.name)
diff --git a/gradio/__init__.py b/gradio/__init__.py
index 5928fce9e4..6b2d02a2c2 100644
--- a/gradio/__init__.py
+++ b/gradio/__init__.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ from gradio.flagging import (
     SimpleCSVLogger,
 )
 from gradio.helpers import EventData, Progress, make_waveform, skip, update
-from gradio.helpers import create_examples as Examples
+from gradio.helpers import create_examples as Examples  # noqa: N812
 from gradio.interface import Interface, TabbedInterface, close_all
 from gradio.ipython_ext import load_ipython_extension
 from gradio.layouts import Accordion, Box, Column, Group, Row, Tab, TabItem, Tabs
diff --git a/gradio/blocks.py b/gradio/blocks.py
index 335d5f2845..cf74b2c65c 100644
--- a/gradio/blocks.py
+++ b/gradio/blocks.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import warnings
 import webbrowser
 from abc import abstractmethod
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, Iterator, List, Set, Tuple, Type
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Iterator
 
 import anyio
 import requests
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ from gradio import (
 )
 from gradio.context import Context
 from gradio.deprecation import check_deprecated_parameters
-from gradio.exceptions import DuplicateBlockError, InvalidApiName
+from gradio.exceptions import DuplicateBlockError, InvalidApiNameError
 from gradio.helpers import EventData, create_tracker, skip, special_args
 from gradio.themes import Default as DefaultTheme
 from gradio.themes import ThemeClass as Theme
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:  # Only import for type checking (is False at runtime).
 
     from gradio.components import Component
 
-BUILT_IN_THEMES: Dict[str, Theme] = {
+BUILT_IN_THEMES: dict[str, Theme] = {
     t.name: t
     for t in [
         themes.Base(),
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class Block:
         *,
         render: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         root_url: str | None = None,  # URL that is prepended to all file paths
         _skip_init_processing: bool = False,  # Used for loading from Spaces
@@ -145,15 +145,15 @@ class Block:
             else self.__class__.__name__.lower()
         )
 
-    def get_expected_parent(self) -> Type[BlockContext] | None:
+    def get_expected_parent(self) -> type[BlockContext] | None:
         return None
 
     def set_event_trigger(
         self,
         event_name: str,
         fn: Callable | None,
-        inputs: Component | List[Component] | Set[Component] | None,
-        outputs: Component | List[Component] | None,
+        inputs: Component | list[Component] | set[Component] | None,
+        outputs: Component | list[Component] | None,
         preprocess: bool = True,
         postprocess: bool = True,
         scroll_to_output: bool = False,
@@ -164,12 +164,12 @@ class Block:
         queue: bool | None = None,
         batch: bool = False,
         max_batch_size: int = 4,
-        cancels: List[int] | None = None,
+        cancels: list[int] | None = None,
         every: float | None = None,
         collects_event_data: bool | None = None,
         trigger_after: int | None = None,
         trigger_only_on_success: bool = False,
-    ) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], int]:
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], int]:
         """
         Adds an event to the component's dependencies.
         Parameters:
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class Block:
             api_name_ = utils.append_unique_suffix(
                 api_name, [dep["api_name"] for dep in Context.root_block.dependencies]
             )
-            if not (api_name == api_name_):
+            if api_name != api_name_:
                 warnings.warn(f"api_name {api_name} already exists, using {api_name_}")
                 api_name = api_name_
 
@@ -295,11 +295,11 @@ class Block:
 
     @staticmethod
     @abstractmethod
-    def update(**kwargs) -> Dict:
+    def update(**kwargs) -> dict:
         return {}
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_specific_update(cls, generic_update: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict:
+    def get_specific_update(cls, generic_update: dict[str, Any]) -> dict:
         generic_update = generic_update.copy()
         del generic_update["__type__"]
         specific_update = cls.update(**generic_update)
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ class BlockContext(Block):
             visible: If False, this will be hidden but included in the Blocks config file (its visibility can later be updated).
             render: If False, this will not be included in the Blocks config file at all.
         """
-        self.children: List[Block] = []
+        self.children: list[Block] = []
         Block.__init__(self, visible=visible, render=render, **kwargs)
 
     def __enter__(self):
@@ -368,8 +368,8 @@ class BlockFunction:
     def __init__(
         self,
         fn: Callable | None,
-        inputs: List[Component],
-        outputs: List[Component],
+        inputs: list[Component],
+        outputs: list[Component],
         preprocess: bool,
         postprocess: bool,
         inputs_as_dict: bool,
@@ -399,13 +399,13 @@ class BlockFunction:
         return str(self)
 
 
-class class_or_instancemethod(classmethod):
+class class_or_instancemethod(classmethod):  # noqa: N801
     def __get__(self, instance, type_):
         descr_get = super().__get__ if instance is None else self.__func__.__get__
         return descr_get(instance, type_)
 
 
-def postprocess_update_dict(block: Block, update_dict: Dict, postprocess: bool = True):
+def postprocess_update_dict(block: Block, update_dict: dict, postprocess: bool = True):
     """
     Converts a dictionary of updates into a format that can be sent to the frontend.
     E.g. {"__type__": "generic_update", "value": "2", "interactive": False}
@@ -433,15 +433,15 @@ def postprocess_update_dict(block: Block, update_dict: Dict, postprocess: bool =
 
 
 def convert_component_dict_to_list(
-    outputs_ids: List[int], predictions: Dict
-) -> List | Dict:
+    outputs_ids: list[int], predictions: dict
+) -> list | dict:
     """
     Converts a dictionary of component updates into a list of updates in the order of
     the outputs_ids and including every output component. Leaves other types of dictionaries unchanged.
     E.g. {"textbox": "hello", "number": {"__type__": "generic_update", "value": "2"}}
     Into -> ["hello", {"__type__": "generic_update"}, {"__type__": "generic_update", "value": "2"}]
     """
-    keys_are_blocks = [isinstance(key, Block) for key in predictions.keys()]
+    keys_are_blocks = [isinstance(key, Block) for key in predictions]
     if all(keys_are_blocks):
         reordered_predictions = [skip() for _ in outputs_ids]
         for component, value in predictions.items():
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ def convert_component_dict_to_list(
     return predictions
 
 
-def get_api_info(config: Dict, serialize: bool = True):
+def get_api_info(config: dict, serialize: bool = True):
     """
     Gets the information needed to generate the API docs from a Blocks config.
     Parameters:
@@ -662,8 +662,8 @@ class Blocks(BlockContext):
         if not self.analytics_enabled:
             os.environ["HF_HUB_DISABLE_TELEMETRY"] = "True"
         super().__init__(render=False, **kwargs)
-        self.blocks: Dict[int, Block] = {}
-        self.fns: List[BlockFunction] = []
+        self.blocks: dict[int, Block] = {}
+        self.fns: list[BlockFunction] = []
         self.dependencies = []
         self.mode = mode
 
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ class Blocks(BlockContext):
         self.height = None
         self.api_open = True
 
-        self.is_space = True if os.getenv("SYSTEM") == "spaces" else False
+        self.is_space = os.getenv("SYSTEM") == "spaces"
         self.favicon_path = None
         self.auth = None
         self.dev_mode = True
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ class Blocks(BlockContext):
     def from_config(
         cls,
         config: dict,
-        fns: List[Callable],
+        fns: list[Callable],
         root_url: str | None = None,
     ) -> Blocks:
         """
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ class Blocks(BlockContext):
         config = copy.deepcopy(config)
         components_config = config["components"]
         theme = config.get("theme", "default")
-        original_mapping: Dict[int, Block] = {}
+        original_mapping: dict[int, Block] = {}
 
         def get_block_instance(id: int) -> Block:
             for block_config in components_config:
@@ -862,7 +862,7 @@ class Blocks(BlockContext):
                         api_name,
                         [dep["api_name"] for dep in Context.root_block.dependencies],
                     )
-                    if not (api_name == api_name_):
+                    if api_name != api_name_:
                         warnings.warn(
                             f"api_name {api_name} already exists, using {api_name_}"
                         )
@@ -937,7 +937,9 @@ class Blocks(BlockContext):
                 None,
             )
             if inferred_fn_index is None:
-                raise InvalidApiName(f"Cannot find a function with api_name {api_name}")
+                raise InvalidApiNameError(
+                    f"Cannot find a function with api_name {api_name}"
+                )
             fn_index = inferred_fn_index
         if not (self.is_callable(fn_index)):
             raise ValueError(
@@ -970,9 +972,9 @@ class Blocks(BlockContext):
     async def call_function(
         self,
         fn_index: int,
-        processed_input: List[Any],
+        processed_input: list[Any],
         iterator: Iterator[Any] | None = None,
-        requests: routes.Request | List[routes.Request] | None = None,
+        requests: routes.Request | list[routes.Request] | None = None,
         event_id: str | None = None,
         event_data: EventData | None = None,
     ):
@@ -993,10 +995,7 @@ class Blocks(BlockContext):
         if block_fn.inputs_as_dict:
             processed_input = [dict(zip(block_fn.inputs, processed_input))]
 
-        if isinstance(requests, list):
-            request = requests[0]
-        else:
-            request = requests
+        request = requests[0] if isinstance(requests, list) else requests
         processed_input, progress_index, _ = special_args(
             block_fn.fn, processed_input, request, event_data
         )
@@ -1054,7 +1053,7 @@ class Blocks(BlockContext):
             "iterator": iterator,
         }
 
-    def serialize_data(self, fn_index: int, inputs: List[Any]) -> List[Any]:
+    def serialize_data(self, fn_index: int, inputs: list[Any]) -> list[Any]:
         dependency = self.dependencies[fn_index]
         processed_input = []
 
@@ -1068,7 +1067,7 @@ class Blocks(BlockContext):
 
         return processed_input
 
-    def deserialize_data(self, fn_index: int, outputs: List[Any]) -> List[Any]:
+    def deserialize_data(self, fn_index: int, outputs: list[Any]) -> list[Any]:
         dependency = self.dependencies[fn_index]
         predictions = []
 
@@ -1084,7 +1083,7 @@ class Blocks(BlockContext):
 
         return predictions
 
-    def validate_inputs(self, fn_index: int, inputs: List[Any]):
+    def validate_inputs(self, fn_index: int, inputs: list[Any]):
         block_fn = self.fns[fn_index]
         dependency = self.dependencies[fn_index]
 
@@ -1106,10 +1105,7 @@ class Blocks(BlockContext):
                 block = self.blocks[input_id]
                 wanted_args.append(str(block))
             for inp in inputs:
-                if isinstance(inp, str):
-                    v = f'"{inp}"'
-                else:
-                    v = str(inp)
+                v = f'"{inp}"' if isinstance(inp, str) else str(inp)
                 received_args.append(v)
 
             wanted = ", ".join(wanted_args)
@@ -1125,7 +1121,7 @@ Received inputs:
     [{received}]"""
             )
 
-    def preprocess_data(self, fn_index: int, inputs: List[Any], state: Dict[int, Any]):
+    def preprocess_data(self, fn_index: int, inputs: list[Any], state: dict[int, Any]):
         block_fn = self.fns[fn_index]
         dependency = self.dependencies[fn_index]
 
@@ -1146,7 +1142,7 @@ Received inputs:
             processed_input = inputs
         return processed_input
 
-    def validate_outputs(self, fn_index: int, predictions: Any | List[Any]):
+    def validate_outputs(self, fn_index: int, predictions: Any | list[Any]):
         block_fn = self.fns[fn_index]
         dependency = self.dependencies[fn_index]
 
@@ -1168,10 +1164,7 @@ Received inputs:
                 block = self.blocks[output_id]
                 wanted_args.append(str(block))
             for pred in predictions:
-                if isinstance(pred, str):
-                    v = f'"{pred}"'
-                else:
-                    v = str(pred)
+                v = f'"{pred}"' if isinstance(pred, str) else str(pred)
                 received_args.append(v)
 
             wanted = ", ".join(wanted_args)
@@ -1186,7 +1179,7 @@ Received outputs:
             )
 
     def postprocess_data(
-        self, fn_index: int, predictions: List | Dict, state: Dict[int, Any]
+        self, fn_index: int, predictions: list | dict, state: dict[int, Any]
     ):
         block_fn = self.fns[fn_index]
         dependency = self.dependencies[fn_index]
@@ -1241,13 +1234,13 @@ Received outputs:
     async def process_api(
         self,
         fn_index: int,
-        inputs: List[Any],
-        state: Dict[int, Any],
-        request: routes.Request | List[routes.Request] | None = None,
-        iterators: Dict[int, Any] | None = None,
+        inputs: list[Any],
+        state: dict[int, Any],
+        request: routes.Request | list[routes.Request] | None = None,
+        iterators: dict[int, Any] | None = None,
         event_id: str | None = None,
         event_data: EventData | None = None,
-    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """
         Processes API calls from the frontend. First preprocesses the data,
         then runs the relevant function, then postprocesses the output.
@@ -1342,15 +1335,15 @@ Received outputs:
             "theme": self.theme.name,
         }
 
-        def getLayout(block):
+        def get_layout(block):
             if not isinstance(block, BlockContext):
                 return {"id": block._id}
             children_layout = []
             for child in block.children:
-                children_layout.append(getLayout(child))
+                children_layout.append(get_layout(child))
             return {"id": block._id, "children": children_layout}
 
-        config["layout"] = getLayout(self)
+        config["layout"] = get_layout(self)
 
         for _id, block in self.blocks.items():
             props = block.get_config() if hasattr(block, "get_config") else {}
@@ -1393,10 +1386,10 @@ Received outputs:
 
     @class_or_instancemethod
     def load(
-        self_or_cls,
+        self_or_cls,  # noqa: N805
         fn: Callable | None = None,
-        inputs: List[Component] | None = None,
-        outputs: List[Component] | None = None,
+        inputs: list[Component] | None = None,
+        outputs: list[Component] | None = None,
         api_name: str | None = None,
         scroll_to_output: bool = False,
         show_progress: bool = True,
@@ -1413,7 +1406,7 @@ Received outputs:
         api_key: str | None = None,
         alias: str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Blocks | Dict[str, Any] | None:
+    ) -> Blocks | dict[str, Any] | None:
         """
         For reverse compatibility reasons, this is both a class method and an instance
         method, the two of which, confusingly, do two completely different things.
@@ -1571,7 +1564,7 @@ Received outputs:
         debug: bool = False,
         enable_queue: bool | None = None,
         max_threads: int = 40,
-        auth: Callable | Tuple[str, str] | List[Tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+        auth: Callable | tuple[str, str] | list[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
         auth_message: str | None = None,
         prevent_thread_lock: bool = False,
         show_error: bool = False,
@@ -1588,11 +1581,11 @@ Received outputs:
         ssl_verify: bool = True,
         quiet: bool = False,
         show_api: bool = True,
-        file_directories: List[str] | None = None,
-        allowed_paths: List[str] | None = None,
-        blocked_paths: List[str] | None = None,
+        file_directories: list[str] | None = None,
+        allowed_paths: list[str] | None = None,
+        blocked_paths: list[str] | None = None,
         _frontend: bool = True,
-    ) -> Tuple[FastAPI, str, str]:
+    ) -> tuple[FastAPI, str, str]:
         """
         Launches a simple web server that serves the demo. Can also be used to create a
         public link used by anyone to access the demo from their browser by setting share=True.
diff --git a/gradio/components.py b/gradio/components.py
index b9eae05ac9..f557ff6e85 100644
--- a/gradio/components.py
+++ b/gradio/components.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from copy import deepcopy
 from enum import Enum
 from pathlib import Path
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, List, Set, Tuple, Type, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, cast
 
 import aiofiles
 import altair as alt
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from typing import TypedDict
 
     class DataframeData(TypedDict):
-        headers: List[str]
-        data: List[List[str | int | bool]]
+        headers: list[str]
+        data: list[list[str | int | bool]]
 
 
 set_documentation_group("component")
@@ -141,18 +141,14 @@ class Component(Block, Serializable):
             warnings.warn(
                 "'rounded' styling is no longer supported. To round adjacent components together, place them in a Column(variant='box')."
             )
-            if isinstance(kwargs["rounded"], list) or isinstance(
-                kwargs["rounded"], tuple
-            ):
+            if isinstance(kwargs["rounded"], (list, tuple)):
                 put_deprecated_params_in_box = True
             kwargs.pop("rounded")
         if "margin" in kwargs:
             warnings.warn(
                 "'margin' styling is no longer supported. To place adjacent components together without margin, place them in a Column(variant='box')."
             )
-            if isinstance(kwargs["margin"], list) or isinstance(
-                kwargs["margin"], tuple
-            ):
+            if isinstance(kwargs["margin"], (list, tuple)):
                 put_deprecated_params_in_box = True
             kwargs.pop("margin")
         if "border" in kwargs:
@@ -165,9 +161,12 @@ class Component(Block, Serializable):
         if len(kwargs):
             for key in kwargs:
                 warnings.warn(f"Unknown style parameter: {key}")
-        if put_deprecated_params_in_box and isinstance(self.parent, (Row, Column)):
-            if self.parent.variant == "default":
-                self.parent.variant = "compact"
+        if (
+            put_deprecated_params_in_box
+            and isinstance(self.parent, (Row, Column))
+            and self.parent.variant == "default"
+        ):
+            self.parent.variant = "compact"
         return self
 
 
@@ -186,12 +185,12 @@ class IOComponent(Component):
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         load_fn: Callable | None = None,
         every: float | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
-        self.temp_files: Set[str] = set()
+        self.temp_files: set[str] = set()
         self.DEFAULT_TEMP_DIR = os.environ.get("GRADIO_TEMP_DIR") or str(
             Path(tempfile.gettempdir()) / "gradio"
         )
@@ -206,7 +205,7 @@ class IOComponent(Component):
         self.interactive = interactive
 
         # load_event is set in the Blocks.attach_load_events method
-        self.load_event: None | Dict[str, Any] = None
+        self.load_event: None | dict[str, Any] = None
         self.load_event_to_attach = None
         load_fn, initial_value = self.get_load_fn_and_initial_value(value)
         self.value = (
@@ -298,9 +297,10 @@ class IOComponent(Component):
         full_temp_file_path = str(utils.abspath(temp_dir / f.name))
 
         if not Path(full_temp_file_path).exists():
-            with requests.get(url, stream=True) as r:
-                with open(full_temp_file_path, "wb") as f:
-                    shutil.copyfileobj(r.raw, f)
+            with requests.get(url, stream=True) as r, open(
+                full_temp_file_path, "wb"
+            ) as f:
+                shutil.copyfileobj(r.raw, f)
 
         self.temp_files.add(full_temp_file_path)
         return full_temp_file_path
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ class IOComponent(Component):
 
 
 class FormComponent:
-    def get_expected_parent(self) -> Type[Form]:
+    def get_expected_parent(self) -> type[Form]:
         return Form
 
 
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ class Textbox(
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         type: str = "text",
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ class Textbox(
         self.interpretation_replacement = replacement
         return self
 
-    def tokenize(self, x: str) -> Tuple[List[str], List[str], None]:
+    def tokenize(self, x: str) -> tuple[list[str], list[str], None]:
         """
         Tokenizes an input string by dividing into "words" delimited by self.interpretation_separator
         """
@@ -543,8 +543,8 @@ class Textbox(
         return tokens, leave_one_out_strings, None
 
     def get_masked_inputs(
-        self, tokens: List[str], binary_mask_matrix: List[List[int]]
-    ) -> List[str]:
+        self, tokens: list[str], binary_mask_matrix: list[list[int]]
+    ) -> list[str]:
         """
         Constructs partially-masked sentences for SHAP interpretation
         """
@@ -555,8 +555,8 @@ class Textbox(
         return masked_inputs
 
     def get_interpretation_scores(
-        self, x, neighbors, scores: List[float], tokens: List[str], masks=None, **kwargs
-    ) -> List[Tuple[str, float]]:
+        self, x, neighbors, scores: list[float], tokens: list[str], masks=None, **kwargs
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, float]]:
         """
         Returns:
             Each tuple set represents a set of characters and their corresponding interpretation score.
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ class Number(
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         precision: int | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ class Number(
         self.interpretation_delta_type = delta_type
         return self
 
-    def get_interpretation_neighbors(self, x: float | int) -> Tuple[List[float], Dict]:
+    def get_interpretation_neighbors(self, x: float | int) -> tuple[list[float], dict]:
         x = self._round_to_precision(x, self.precision)
         if self.interpretation_delta_type == "percent":
             delta = 1.0 * self.interpretation_delta * x / 100
@@ -755,8 +755,8 @@ class Number(
         return negatives + positives, {}
 
     def get_interpretation_scores(
-        self, x: float, neighbors: List[float], scores: List[float | None], **kwargs
-    ) -> List[Tuple[float, float | None]]:
+        self, x: float, neighbors: list[float], scores: list[float | None], **kwargs
+    ) -> list[tuple[float, float | None]]:
         """
         Returns:
             Each tuple set represents a numeric value near the input and its corresponding interpretation score.
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ class Slider(
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         randomize: bool = False,
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ class Slider(
         NeighborInterpretable.__init__(self)
         self.cleared_value = self.value
 
-    def api_info(self) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str]]:
+    def api_info(self) -> dict[str, tuple[str, str]]:
         description = f"numeric value between {self.minimum} and {self.maximum}"
         return {
             "raw_input": ("int | float", description),
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ class Slider(
             "serialized_output": ("int | float", description),
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": self.minimum,
             "serialized": self.minimum,
@@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ class Slider(
         """
         return self.minimum if y is None else y
 
-    def set_interpret_parameters(self, steps: int = 8) -> "Slider":
+    def set_interpret_parameters(self, steps: int = 8) -> Slider:
         """
         Calculates interpretation scores of numeric values ranging between the minimum and maximum values of the slider.
         Parameters:
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ class Slider(
         self.interpretation_steps = steps
         return self
 
-    def get_interpretation_neighbors(self, x) -> Tuple[object, dict]:
+    def get_interpretation_neighbors(self, x) -> tuple[object, dict]:
         return (
             np.linspace(self.minimum, self.maximum, self.interpretation_steps).tolist(),
             {},
@@ -973,7 +973,7 @@ class Checkbox(
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -1065,9 +1065,9 @@ class CheckboxGroup(
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        choices: List[str] | None = None,
+        choices: list[str] | None = None,
         *,
-        value: List[str] | str | Callable | None = None,
+        value: list[str] | str | Callable | None = None,
         type: str = "value",
         label: str | None = None,
         info: str | None = None,
@@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ class CheckboxGroup(
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ class CheckboxGroup(
             **IOComponent.get_config(self),
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": self.choices[0] if self.choices else None,
             "serialized": self.choices[0] if self.choices else None,
@@ -1137,11 +1137,11 @@ class CheckboxGroup(
 
     @staticmethod
     def update(
-        value: List[str]
+        value: list[str]
         | str
         | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE]
         | None = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
-        choices: List[str] | None = None,
+        choices: list[str] | None = None,
         label: str | None = None,
         show_label: bool | None = None,
         interactive: bool | None = None,
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ class CheckboxGroup(
             "__type__": "update",
         }
 
-    def preprocess(self, x: List[str]) -> List[str] | List[int]:
+    def preprocess(self, x: list[str]) -> list[str] | list[int]:
         """
         Parameters:
             x: list of selected choices
@@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@ class CheckboxGroup(
                 f"Unknown type: {self.type}. Please choose from: 'value', 'index'."
             )
 
-    def postprocess(self, y: List[str] | str | None) -> List[str]:
+    def postprocess(self, y: list[str] | str | None) -> list[str]:
         """
         Any postprocessing needed to be performed on function output.
         Parameters:
@@ -1205,10 +1205,7 @@ class CheckboxGroup(
         """
         final_scores = []
         for choice, score in zip(self.choices, scores):
-            if choice in x:
-                score_set = [score, None]
-            else:
-                score_set = [None, score]
+            score_set = [score, None] if choice in x else [None, score]
             final_scores.append(score_set)
         return final_scores
 
@@ -1252,7 +1249,7 @@ class Radio(
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        choices: List[str] | None = None,
+        choices: list[str] | None = None,
         *,
         value: str | Callable | None = None,
         type: str = "value",
@@ -1263,7 +1260,7 @@ class Radio(
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -1316,7 +1313,7 @@ class Radio(
             **IOComponent.get_config(self),
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": self.choices[0] if self.choices else None,
             "serialized": self.choices[0] if self.choices else None,
@@ -1325,7 +1322,7 @@ class Radio(
     @staticmethod
     def update(
         value: Any | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE] | None = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
-        choices: List[str] | None = None,
+        choices: list[str] | None = None,
         label: str | None = None,
         show_label: bool | None = None,
         interactive: bool | None = None,
@@ -1366,8 +1363,8 @@ class Radio(
         return choices, {}
 
     def get_interpretation_scores(
-        self, x, neighbors, scores: List[float | None], **kwargs
-    ) -> List:
+        self, x, neighbors, scores: list[float | None], **kwargs
+    ) -> list:
         """
         Returns:
             Each value represents the interpretation score corresponding to each choice.
@@ -1409,9 +1406,9 @@ class Dropdown(
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        choices: List[str] | None = None,
+        choices: list[str] | None = None,
         *,
-        value: str | List[str] | Callable | None = None,
+        value: str | list[str] | Callable | None = None,
         type: str = "value",
         multiselect: bool | None = None,
         max_choices: int | None = None,
@@ -1422,7 +1419,7 @@ class Dropdown(
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         allow_custom_value: bool = False,
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -1451,9 +1448,8 @@ class Dropdown(
             )
         self.type = type
         self.multiselect = multiselect
-        if multiselect:
-            if isinstance(value, str):
-                value = [value]
+        if multiselect and isinstance(value, str):
+            value = [value]
         if not multiselect and max_choices is not None:
             warnings.warn(
                 "The `max_choices` parameter is ignored when `multiselect` is False."
@@ -1487,7 +1483,7 @@ class Dropdown(
 
         self.cleared_value = self.value or ([] if multiselect else "")
 
-    def api_info(self) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str]]:
+    def api_info(self) -> dict[str, tuple[str, str]]:
         if self.multiselect:
             type = "List[str]"
             description = f"List of options from: {self.choices}"
@@ -1501,7 +1497,7 @@ class Dropdown(
             "serialized_output": (type, description),
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         if self.multiselect:
             return {
                 "raw": [self.choices[0]] if self.choices else [],
@@ -1526,7 +1522,7 @@ class Dropdown(
     @staticmethod
     def update(
         value: Any | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE] | None = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
-        choices: str | List[str] | None = None,
+        choices: str | list[str] | None = None,
         label: str | None = None,
         show_label: bool | None = None,
         interactive: bool | None = None,
@@ -1545,8 +1541,8 @@ class Dropdown(
         }
 
     def preprocess(
-        self, x: str | List[str]
-    ) -> str | int | List[str] | List[int] | None:
+        self, x: str | list[str]
+    ) -> str | int | list[str] | list[int] | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             x: selected choice(s)
@@ -1580,8 +1576,8 @@ class Dropdown(
         return choices, {}
 
     def get_interpretation_scores(
-        self, x, neighbors, scores: List[float | None], **kwargs
-    ) -> List:
+        self, x, neighbors, scores: list[float | None], **kwargs
+    ) -> list:
         """
         Returns:
             Each value represents the interpretation score corresponding to each choice.
@@ -1624,7 +1620,7 @@ class Image(
         self,
         value: str | _Image.Image | np.ndarray | None = None,
         *,
-        shape: Tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+        shape: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
         image_mode: str = "RGB",
         invert_colors: bool = False,
         source: str = "upload",
@@ -1637,7 +1633,7 @@ class Image(
         visible: bool = True,
         streaming: bool = False,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         mirror_webcam: bool = True,
         brush_radius: float | None = None,
         **kwargs,
@@ -1766,8 +1762,8 @@ class Image(
             )
 
     def preprocess(
-        self, x: str | Dict[str, str]
-    ) -> np.ndarray | _Image.Image | str | Dict | None:
+        self, x: str | dict[str, str]
+    ) -> np.ndarray | _Image.Image | str | dict | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             x: base64 url data, or (if tool == "sketch") a dict of image and mask base64 url data
@@ -1906,7 +1902,7 @@ class Image(
 
     def get_interpretation_scores(
         self, x, neighbors, scores, masks, tokens=None, **kwargs
-    ) -> List[List[float]]:
+    ) -> list[list[float]]:
         """
         Returns:
             A 2D array representing the interpretation score of each pixel of the image.
@@ -1977,7 +1973,7 @@ class Video(
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: str | Tuple[str, str | None] | Callable | None = None,
+        value: str | tuple[str, str | None] | Callable | None = None,
         *,
         format: str | None = None,
         source: str = "upload",
@@ -1987,7 +1983,7 @@ class Video(
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         mirror_webcam: bool = True,
         include_audio: bool | None = None,
         **kwargs,
@@ -2043,7 +2039,7 @@ class Video(
     @staticmethod
     def update(
         value: str
-        | Tuple[str, str | None]
+        | tuple[str, str | None]
         | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE]
         | None = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
         source: str | None = None,
@@ -2063,7 +2059,7 @@ class Video(
         }
 
     def preprocess(
-        self, x: Tuple[FileData, FileData | None] | FileData | None
+        self, x: tuple[FileData, FileData | None] | FileData | None
     ) -> str | None:
         """
         Parameters:
@@ -2123,8 +2119,8 @@ class Video(
             return str(file_name)
 
     def postprocess(
-        self, y: str | Tuple[str, str | None] | None
-    ) -> Tuple[FileData | None, FileData | None] | None:
+        self, y: str | tuple[str, str | None] | None
+    ) -> tuple[FileData | None, FileData | None] | None:
         """
         Processes a video to ensure that it is in the correct format before
         returning it to the front end.
@@ -2229,7 +2225,7 @@ class Video(
 
         def srt_to_vtt(srt_file_path, vtt_file_path):
             """Convert an SRT subtitle file to a VTT subtitle file"""
-            with open(srt_file_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as srt_file, open(
+            with open(srt_file_path, encoding="utf-8") as srt_file, open(
                 vtt_file_path, "w", encoding="utf-8"
             ) as vtt_file:
                 vtt_file.write("WEBVTT\n\n")
@@ -2301,7 +2297,7 @@ class Audio(
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: str | Tuple[int, np.ndarray] | Callable | None = None,
+        value: str | tuple[int, np.ndarray] | Callable | None = None,
         *,
         source: str = "upload",
         type: str = "numpy",
@@ -2312,7 +2308,7 @@ class Audio(
         visible: bool = True,
         streaming: bool = False,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -2368,7 +2364,7 @@ class Audio(
             **IOComponent.get_config(self),
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": {"is_file": False, "data": media_data.BASE64_AUDIO},
             "serialized": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/raw/main/test/test_files/audio_sample.wav",
@@ -2394,8 +2390,8 @@ class Audio(
         }
 
     def preprocess(
-        self, x: Dict[str, Any] | None
-    ) -> Tuple[int, np.ndarray] | str | None:
+        self, x: dict[str, Any] | None
+    ) -> tuple[int, np.ndarray] | str | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             x: dictionary with keys "name", "data", "is_file", "crop_min", "crop_max".
@@ -2521,7 +2517,7 @@ class Audio(
             masked_inputs.append(masked_data)
         return masked_inputs
 
-    def postprocess(self, y: Tuple[int, np.ndarray] | str | None) -> str | Dict | None:
+    def postprocess(self, y: tuple[int, np.ndarray] | str | None) -> str | dict | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             y: audio data in either of the following formats: a tuple of (sample_rate, data), or a string filepath or URL to an audio file, or None.
@@ -2584,10 +2580,10 @@ class File(
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: str | List[str] | Callable | None = None,
+        value: str | list[str] | Callable | None = None,
         *,
         file_count: str = "single",
-        file_types: List[str] | None = None,
+        file_types: list[str] | None = None,
         type: str = "file",
         label: str | None = None,
         every: float | None = None,
@@ -2595,7 +2591,7 @@ class File(
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -2682,11 +2678,11 @@ class File(
         }
 
     def preprocess(
-        self, x: List[Dict[str, Any]] | None
+        self, x: list[dict[str, Any]] | None
     ) -> (
         bytes
         | tempfile._TemporaryFileWrapper
-        | List[bytes | tempfile._TemporaryFileWrapper]
+        | list[bytes | tempfile._TemporaryFileWrapper]
         | None
     ):
         """
@@ -2741,8 +2737,8 @@ class File(
                 return process_single_file(x)
 
     def postprocess(
-        self, y: str | List[str] | None
-    ) -> Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]] | None:
+        self, y: str | list[str] | None
+    ) -> dict[str, Any] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             y: file path
@@ -2784,7 +2780,7 @@ class File(
         )
         return self
 
-    def as_example(self, input_data: str | List | None) -> str:
+    def as_example(self, input_data: str | list | None) -> str:
         if input_data is None:
             return ""
         elif isinstance(input_data, list):
@@ -2807,12 +2803,12 @@ class Dataframe(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: List[List[Any]] | Callable | None = None,
+        value: list[list[Any]] | Callable | None = None,
         *,
-        headers: List[str] | None = None,
-        row_count: int | Tuple[int, str] = (1, "dynamic"),
-        col_count: int | Tuple[int, str] | None = None,
-        datatype: str | List[str] = "str",
+        headers: list[str] | None = None,
+        row_count: int | tuple[int, str] = (1, "dynamic"),
+        col_count: int | tuple[int, str] | None = None,
+        datatype: str | list[str] = "str",
         type: str = "pandas",
         max_rows: int | None = 20,
         max_cols: int | None = None,
@@ -2823,7 +2819,7 @@ class Dataframe(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         wrap: bool = False,
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -2965,8 +2961,8 @@ class Dataframe(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
             )
 
     def postprocess(
-        self, y: str | pd.DataFrame | np.ndarray | List[List[str | float]] | Dict
-    ) -> Dict:
+        self, y: str | pd.DataFrame | np.ndarray | list[list[str | float]] | dict
+    ) -> dict:
         """
         Parameters:
             y: dataframe in given format
@@ -3016,7 +3012,7 @@ class Dataframe(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
         raise ValueError("Cannot process value as a Dataframe")
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __process_counts(count, default=3) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+    def __process_counts(count, default=3) -> tuple[int, str]:
         if count is None:
             return (default, "dynamic")
         if type(count) == int or type(count) == float:
@@ -3025,7 +3021,7 @@ class Dataframe(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
             return count
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __validate_headers(headers: List[str] | None, col_count: int):
+    def __validate_headers(headers: list[str] | None, col_count: int):
         if headers is not None and len(headers) != col_count:
             raise ValueError(
                 f"The length of the headers list must be equal to the col_count int.\n"
@@ -3034,7 +3030,7 @@ class Dataframe(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
             )
 
     @classmethod
-    def __process_markdown(cls, data: List[List[Any]], datatype: List[str]):
+    def __process_markdown(cls, data: list[list[Any]], datatype: list[str]):
         if "markdown" not in datatype:
             return data
 
@@ -3086,15 +3082,15 @@ class Timeseries(Changeable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
         value: str | Callable | None = None,
         *,
         x: str | None = None,
-        y: str | List[str] | None = None,
-        colors: List[str] | None = None,
+        y: str | list[str] | None = None,
+        colors: list[str] | None = None,
         label: str | None = None,
         every: float | None = None,
         show_label: bool = True,
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -3141,7 +3137,7 @@ class Timeseries(Changeable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
     @staticmethod
     def update(
         value: Any | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE] | None = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
-        colors: List[str] | None = None,
+        colors: list[str] | None = None,
         label: str | None = None,
         show_label: bool | None = None,
         interactive: bool | None = None,
@@ -3157,7 +3153,7 @@ class Timeseries(Changeable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
             "__type__": "update",
         }
 
-    def preprocess(self, x: Dict | None) -> pd.DataFrame | None:
+    def preprocess(self, x: dict | None) -> pd.DataFrame | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             x: Dict with keys 'data': 2D array of str, numeric, or bool data, 'headers': list of strings for header names, 'range': optional two element list designating start of end of subrange.
@@ -3175,7 +3171,7 @@ class Timeseries(Changeable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
             dataframe = dataframe.loc[dataframe[self.x or 0] <= x["range"][1]]
         return dataframe
 
-    def postprocess(self, y: str | pd.DataFrame | None) -> Dict | None:
+    def postprocess(self, y: str | pd.DataFrame | None) -> dict | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             y: csv or dataframe with timeseries data
@@ -3266,7 +3262,7 @@ class Button(Clickable, IOComponent, StringSerializable):
         visible: bool = True,
         interactive: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -3350,14 +3346,14 @@ class UploadButton(Clickable, Uploadable, IOComponent, FileSerializable):
     def __init__(
         self,
         label: str = "Upload a File",
-        value: str | List[str] | Callable | None = None,
+        value: str | list[str] | Callable | None = None,
         *,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         type: str = "file",
         file_count: str = "single",
-        file_types: List[str] | None = None,
+        file_types: list[str] | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -3416,11 +3412,11 @@ class UploadButton(Clickable, Uploadable, IOComponent, FileSerializable):
         }
 
     def preprocess(
-        self, x: List[Dict[str, Any]] | None
+        self, x: list[dict[str, Any]] | None
     ) -> (
         bytes
         | tempfile._TemporaryFileWrapper
-        | List[bytes | tempfile._TemporaryFileWrapper]
+        | list[bytes | tempfile._TemporaryFileWrapper]
         | None
     ):
         """
@@ -3515,7 +3511,7 @@ class ColorPicker(Changeable, Submittable, Blurrable, IOComponent, StringSeriali
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -3545,7 +3541,7 @@ class ColorPicker(Changeable, Submittable, Blurrable, IOComponent, StringSeriali
             **kwargs,
         )
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": "#000000",
             "serialized": "#000000",
@@ -3621,7 +3617,7 @@ class Label(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: Dict[str, float] | str | float | Callable | None = None,
+        value: dict[str, float] | str | float | Callable | None = None,
         *,
         num_top_classes: int | None = None,
         label: str | None = None,
@@ -3629,7 +3625,7 @@ class Label(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
         show_label: bool = True,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         color: str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -3674,7 +3670,7 @@ class Label(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
             **IOComponent.get_config(self),
         }
 
-    def postprocess(self, y: Dict[str, float] | str | float | None) -> Dict | None:
+    def postprocess(self, y: dict[str, float] | str | float | None) -> dict | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             y: a dictionary mapping labels to confidence value, or just a string/numerical label by itself
@@ -3708,7 +3704,7 @@ class Label(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
 
     @staticmethod
     def update(
-        value: Dict[str, float]
+        value: dict[str, float]
         | str
         | float
         | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE]
@@ -3764,9 +3760,9 @@ class HighlightedText(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: List[Tuple[str, str | float | None]] | Dict | Callable | None = None,
+        value: list[tuple[str, str | float | None]] | dict | Callable | None = None,
         *,
-        color_map: Dict[str, str]
+        color_map: dict[str, str]
         | None = None,  # Parameter moved to HighlightedText.style()
         show_legend: bool = False,
         combine_adjacent: bool = False,
@@ -3776,7 +3772,7 @@ class HighlightedText(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
         show_label: bool = True,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -3829,11 +3825,11 @@ class HighlightedText(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
 
     @staticmethod
     def update(
-        value: List[Tuple[str, str | float | None]]
-        | Dict
+        value: list[tuple[str, str | float | None]]
+        | dict
         | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE]
         | None = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
-        color_map: Dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        color_map: dict[str, str] | None = None,
         show_legend: bool | None = None,
         label: str | None = None,
         show_label: bool | None = None,
@@ -3851,8 +3847,8 @@ class HighlightedText(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
         return updated_config
 
     def postprocess(
-        self, y: List[Tuple[str, str | float | None]] | Dict | None
-    ) -> List[Tuple[str, str | float | None]] | None:
+        self, y: list[tuple[str, str | float | None]] | dict | None
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, str | float | None]] | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             y: List of (word, category) tuples
@@ -3910,7 +3906,7 @@ class HighlightedText(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
     def style(
         self,
         *,
-        color_map: Dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        color_map: dict[str, str] | None = None,
         container: bool | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -3939,9 +3935,9 @@ class AnnotatedImage(Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: Tuple[
+        value: tuple[
             np.ndarray | _Image.Image | str,
-            List[Tuple[np.ndarray | Tuple[int, int, int, int], str]],
+            list[tuple[np.ndarray | tuple[int, int, int, int], str]],
         ]
         | None = None,
         *,
@@ -3951,7 +3947,7 @@ class AnnotatedImage(Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
         show_label: bool = True,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -3994,9 +3990,9 @@ class AnnotatedImage(Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
 
     @staticmethod
     def update(
-        value: Tuple[
+        value: tuple[
             np.ndarray | _Image.Image | str,
-            List[Tuple[np.ndarray | Tuple[int, int, int, int], str]],
+            list[tuple[np.ndarray | tuple[int, int, int, int], str]],
         ]
         | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE] = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
         show_legend: bool | None = None,
@@ -4016,11 +4012,11 @@ class AnnotatedImage(Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
 
     def postprocess(
         self,
-        y: Tuple[
+        y: tuple[
             np.ndarray | _Image.Image | str,
-            List[Tuple[np.ndarray | Tuple[int, int, int, int], str]],
+            list[tuple[np.ndarray | tuple[int, int, int, int], str]],
         ],
-    ) -> Tuple[dict, List[Tuple[dict, str]]] | None:
+    ) -> tuple[dict, list[tuple[dict, str]]] | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             y: Tuple of base image and list of subsections, with each subsection a two-part tuple where the first element is a 4 element bounding box or a 0-1 confidence mask, and the second element is the label.
@@ -4060,12 +4056,12 @@ class AnnotatedImage(Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
                 mask_array = mask
             else:
                 x1, y1, x2, y2 = mask
-                BORDER_WIDTH = 3
+                border_width = 3
                 mask_array[y1:y2, x1:x2] = 0.5
-                mask_array[y1:y2, x1 : x1 + BORDER_WIDTH] = 1
-                mask_array[y1:y2, x2 - BORDER_WIDTH : x2] = 1
-                mask_array[y1 : y1 + BORDER_WIDTH, x1:x2] = 1
-                mask_array[y2 - BORDER_WIDTH : y2, x1:x2] = 1
+                mask_array[y1:y2, x1 : x1 + border_width] = 1
+                mask_array[y1:y2, x2 - border_width : x2] = 1
+                mask_array[y1 : y1 + border_width, x1:x2] = 1
+                mask_array[y2 - border_width : y2, x1:x2] = 1
 
             if label in color_map:
                 rgb_color = hex_to_rgb(color_map[label])
@@ -4097,7 +4093,7 @@ class AnnotatedImage(Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
         *,
         height: int | None = None,
         width: int | None = None,
-        color_map: Dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        color_map: dict[str, str] | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -4129,14 +4125,14 @@ class JSON(Changeable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: str | Dict | List | Callable | None = None,
+        value: str | dict | list | Callable | None = None,
         *,
         label: str | None = None,
         every: float | None = None,
         show_label: bool = True,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -4183,7 +4179,7 @@ class JSON(Changeable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
         }
         return updated_config
 
-    def postprocess(self, y: Dict | List | str | None) -> Dict | List | None:
+    def postprocess(self, y: dict | list | str | None) -> dict | list | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             y: either a string filepath to a JSON file, or a Python list or dict that can be converted to JSON
@@ -4227,7 +4223,7 @@ class HTML(Changeable, IOComponent, StringSerializable):
         show_label: bool = True,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -4290,14 +4286,14 @@ class Gallery(IOComponent, GallerySerializable, Selectable):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: List[np.ndarray | _Image.Image | str | Tuple] | Callable | None = None,
+        value: list[np.ndarray | _Image.Image | str | tuple] | Callable | None = None,
         *,
         label: str | None = None,
         every: float | None = None,
         show_label: bool = True,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -4352,10 +4348,10 @@ class Gallery(IOComponent, GallerySerializable, Selectable):
 
     def postprocess(
         self,
-        y: List[np.ndarray | _Image.Image | str]
-        | List[Tuple[np.ndarray | _Image.Image | str, str]]
+        y: list[np.ndarray | _Image.Image | str]
+        | list[tuple[np.ndarray | _Image.Image | str, str]]
         | None,
-    ) -> List[str]:
+    ) -> list[str]:
         """
         Parameters:
             y: list of images, or list of (image, caption) tuples
@@ -4367,7 +4363,7 @@ class Gallery(IOComponent, GallerySerializable, Selectable):
         output = []
         for img in y:
             caption = None
-            if isinstance(img, tuple) or isinstance(img, list):
+            if isinstance(img, (tuple, list)):
                 img, caption = img
             if isinstance(img, np.ndarray):
                 file = processing_utils.save_array_to_file(img)
@@ -4397,9 +4393,9 @@ class Gallery(IOComponent, GallerySerializable, Selectable):
     def style(
         self,
         *,
-        grid: int | Tuple | None = None,
-        columns: int | Tuple | None = None,
-        rows: int | Tuple | None = None,
+        grid: int | tuple | None = None,
+        columns: int | tuple | None = None,
+        rows: int | tuple | None = None,
         height: str | None = None,
         container: bool | None = None,
         preview: bool | None = None,
@@ -4465,17 +4461,17 @@ class Chatbot(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: List[List[str | Tuple[str] | Tuple[str, str] | None]]
+        value: list[list[str | tuple[str] | tuple[str, str] | None]]
         | Callable
         | None = None,
-        color_map: Dict[str, str] | None = None,  # Parameter moved to Chatbot.style()
+        color_map: dict[str, str] | None = None,  # Parameter moved to Chatbot.style()
         *,
         label: str | None = None,
         every: float | None = None,
         show_label: bool = True,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -4521,7 +4517,7 @@ class Chatbot(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
 
     @staticmethod
     def update(
-        value: List[List[str | Tuple[str] | Tuple[str, str] | None]]
+        value: list[list[str | tuple[str] | tuple[str, str] | None]]
         | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE]
         | None = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
         label: str | None = None,
@@ -4538,8 +4534,8 @@ class Chatbot(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
         return updated_config
 
     def _preprocess_chat_messages(
-        self, chat_message: str | Dict | None
-    ) -> str | Tuple[str] | Tuple[str, str] | None:
+        self, chat_message: str | dict | None
+    ) -> str | tuple[str] | tuple[str, str] | None:
         if chat_message is None:
             return None
         elif isinstance(chat_message, dict):
@@ -4552,8 +4548,8 @@ class Chatbot(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
 
     def preprocess(
         self,
-        y: List[List[str | Dict | None] | Tuple[str | Dict | None, str | Dict | None]],
-    ) -> List[List[str | Tuple[str] | Tuple[str, str] | None]]:
+        y: list[list[str | dict | None] | tuple[str | dict | None, str | dict | None]],
+    ) -> list[list[str | tuple[str] | tuple[str, str] | None]]:
         if y is None:
             return y
         processed_messages = []
@@ -4573,8 +4569,8 @@ class Chatbot(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
         return processed_messages
 
     def _postprocess_chat_messages(
-        self, chat_message: str | Tuple | List | None
-    ) -> str | Dict | None:
+        self, chat_message: str | tuple | list | None
+    ) -> str | dict | None:
         if chat_message is None:
             return None
         elif isinstance(chat_message, (tuple, list)):
@@ -4603,8 +4599,8 @@ class Chatbot(Changeable, Selectable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
 
     def postprocess(
         self,
-        y: List[List[str | Tuple[str] | Tuple[str, str] | None] | Tuple],
-    ) -> List[List[str | Dict | None]]:
+        y: list[list[str | tuple[str] | tuple[str, str] | None] | tuple],
+    ) -> list[list[str | dict | None]]:
         """
         Parameters:
             y: List of lists representing the message and response pairs. Each message and response should be a string, which may be in Markdown format.  It can also be a tuple whose first element is a string filepath or URL to an image/video/audio, and second (optional) element is the alt text, in which case the media file is displayed. It can also be None, in which case that message is not displayed.
@@ -4660,13 +4656,13 @@ class Model3D(Changeable, Editable, Clearable, IOComponent, FileSerializable):
         self,
         value: str | Callable | None = None,
         *,
-        clear_color: List[float] | None = None,
+        clear_color: list[float] | None = None,
         label: str | None = None,
         every: float | None = None,
         show_label: bool = True,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -4700,7 +4696,7 @@ class Model3D(Changeable, Editable, Clearable, IOComponent, FileSerializable):
             **IOComponent.get_config(self),
         }
 
-    def example_inputs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def example_inputs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "raw": {"is_file": False, "data": media_data.BASE64_MODEL3D},
             "serialized": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/raw/main/test/test_files/Box.gltf",
@@ -4722,7 +4718,7 @@ class Model3D(Changeable, Editable, Clearable, IOComponent, FileSerializable):
         }
         return updated_config
 
-    def preprocess(self, x: Dict[str, str] | None) -> str | None:
+    def preprocess(self, x: dict[str, str] | None) -> str | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             x: JSON object with filename as 'name' property and base64 data as 'data' property
@@ -4743,7 +4739,7 @@ class Model3D(Changeable, Editable, Clearable, IOComponent, FileSerializable):
 
         return temp_file_path
 
-    def postprocess(self, y: str | None) -> Dict[str, str] | None:
+    def postprocess(self, y: str | None) -> dict[str, str] | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             y: path to the model
@@ -4793,7 +4789,7 @@ class Plot(Changeable, Clearable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
         show_label: bool = True,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -4847,7 +4843,7 @@ class Plot(Changeable, Clearable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
         }
         return updated_config
 
-    def postprocess(self, y) -> Dict[str, str] | None:
+    def postprocess(self, y) -> dict[str, str] | None:
         """
         Parameters:
             y: plot data
@@ -4868,10 +4864,7 @@ class Plot(Changeable, Clearable, IOComponent, JSONSerializable):
             out_y = json.dumps(json_item(y))
         else:
             is_altair = "altair" in y.__module__
-            if is_altair:
-                dtype = "altair"
-            else:
-                dtype = "plotly"
+            dtype = "altair" if is_altair else "plotly"
             out_y = y.to_json()
         return {"type": dtype, "plot": out_y}
 
@@ -4921,7 +4914,7 @@ class ScatterPlot(Plot):
         size: str | None = None,
         shape: str | None = None,
         title: str | None = None,
-        tooltip: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        tooltip: list[str] | str | None = None,
         x_title: str | None = None,
         y_title: str | None = None,
         color_legend_title: str | None = None,
@@ -4932,8 +4925,8 @@ class ScatterPlot(Plot):
         shape_legend_position: str | None = None,
         height: int | None = None,
         width: int | None = None,
-        x_lim: List[int | float] | None = None,
-        y_lim: List[int | float] | None = None,
+        x_lim: list[int | float] | None = None,
+        y_lim: list[int | float] | None = None,
         caption: str | None = None,
         interactive: bool | None = True,
         label: str | None = None,
@@ -4941,7 +4934,7 @@ class ScatterPlot(Plot):
         show_label: bool = True,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
     ):
         """
         Parameters:
@@ -5015,14 +5008,14 @@ class ScatterPlot(Plot):
 
     @staticmethod
     def update(
-        value: DataFrame | Dict | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE] = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
+        value: DataFrame | dict | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE] = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
         x: str | None = None,
         y: str | None = None,
         color: str | None = None,
         size: str | None = None,
         shape: str | None = None,
         title: str | None = None,
-        tooltip: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        tooltip: list[str] | str | None = None,
         x_title: str | None = None,
         y_title: str | None = None,
         color_legend_title: str | None = None,
@@ -5033,8 +5026,8 @@ class ScatterPlot(Plot):
         shape_legend_position: str | None = None,
         height: int | None = None,
         width: int | None = None,
-        x_lim: List[int | float] | None = None,
-        y_lim: List[int | float] | None = None,
+        x_lim: list[int | float] | None = None,
+        y_lim: list[int | float] | None = None,
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         caption: str | None = None,
         label: str | None = None,
@@ -5129,7 +5122,7 @@ class ScatterPlot(Plot):
         size: str | None = None,
         shape: str | None = None,
         title: str | None = None,
-        tooltip: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        tooltip: list[str] | str | None = None,
         x_title: str | None = None,
         y_title: str | None = None,
         color_legend_title: str | None = None,
@@ -5140,8 +5133,8 @@ class ScatterPlot(Plot):
         shape_legend_position: str | None = None,
         height: int | None = None,
         width: int | None = None,
-        x_lim: List[int | float] | None = None,
-        y_lim: List[int | float] | None = None,
+        x_lim: list[int | float] | None = None,
+        y_lim: list[int | float] | None = None,
         interactive: bool | None = True,
     ):
         """Helper for creating the scatter plot."""
@@ -5212,7 +5205,7 @@ class ScatterPlot(Plot):
 
         return chart
 
-    def postprocess(self, y: pd.DataFrame | Dict | None) -> Dict[str, str] | None:
+    def postprocess(self, y: pd.DataFrame | dict | None) -> dict[str, str] | None:
         # if None or update
         if y is None or isinstance(y, Dict):
             return y
@@ -5266,7 +5259,7 @@ class LinePlot(Plot):
         stroke_dash: str | None = None,
         overlay_point: bool | None = None,
         title: str | None = None,
-        tooltip: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        tooltip: list[str] | str | None = None,
         x_title: str | None = None,
         y_title: str | None = None,
         color_legend_title: str | None = None,
@@ -5275,8 +5268,8 @@ class LinePlot(Plot):
         stroke_dash_legend_position: str | None = None,
         height: int | None = None,
         width: int | None = None,
-        x_lim: List[int] | None = None,
-        y_lim: List[int] | None = None,
+        x_lim: list[int] | None = None,
+        y_lim: list[int] | None = None,
         caption: str | None = None,
         interactive: bool | None = True,
         label: str | None = None,
@@ -5284,7 +5277,7 @@ class LinePlot(Plot):
         every: float | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
     ):
         """
         Parameters:
@@ -5354,14 +5347,14 @@ class LinePlot(Plot):
 
     @staticmethod
     def update(
-        value: pd.DataFrame | Dict | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE] = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
+        value: pd.DataFrame | dict | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE] = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
         x: str | None = None,
         y: str | None = None,
         color: str | None = None,
         stroke_dash: str | None = None,
         overlay_point: bool | None = None,
         title: str | None = None,
-        tooltip: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        tooltip: list[str] | str | None = None,
         x_title: str | None = None,
         y_title: str | None = None,
         color_legend_title: str | None = None,
@@ -5370,8 +5363,8 @@ class LinePlot(Plot):
         stroke_dash_legend_position: str | None = None,
         height: int | None = None,
         width: int | None = None,
-        x_lim: List[int] | None = None,
-        y_lim: List[int] | None = None,
+        x_lim: list[int] | None = None,
+        y_lim: list[int] | None = None,
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         caption: str | None = None,
         label: str | None = None,
@@ -5462,7 +5455,7 @@ class LinePlot(Plot):
         stroke_dash: str | None = None,
         overlay_point: bool | None = None,
         title: str | None = None,
-        tooltip: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        tooltip: list[str] | str | None = None,
         x_title: str | None = None,
         y_title: str | None = None,
         color_legend_title: str | None = None,
@@ -5471,8 +5464,8 @@ class LinePlot(Plot):
         stroke_dash_legend_position: str | None = None,
         height: int | None = None,
         width: int | None = None,
-        x_lim: List[int] | None = None,
-        y_lim: List[int] | None = None,
+        x_lim: list[int] | None = None,
+        y_lim: list[int] | None = None,
         interactive: bool | None = None,
     ):
         """Helper for creating the scatter plot."""
@@ -5552,7 +5545,7 @@ class LinePlot(Plot):
 
         return chart
 
-    def postprocess(self, y: pd.DataFrame | Dict | None) -> Dict[str, str] | None:
+    def postprocess(self, y: pd.DataFrame | dict | None) -> dict[str, str] | None:
         # if None or update
         if y is None or isinstance(y, Dict):
             return y
@@ -5604,7 +5597,7 @@ class BarPlot(Plot):
         vertical: bool = True,
         group: str | None = None,
         title: str | None = None,
-        tooltip: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        tooltip: list[str] | str | None = None,
         x_title: str | None = None,
         y_title: str | None = None,
         color_legend_title: str | None = None,
@@ -5612,7 +5605,7 @@ class BarPlot(Plot):
         color_legend_position: str | None = None,
         height: int | None = None,
         width: int | None = None,
-        y_lim: List[int] | None = None,
+        y_lim: list[int] | None = None,
         caption: str | None = None,
         interactive: bool | None = True,
         label: str | None = None,
@@ -5620,7 +5613,7 @@ class BarPlot(Plot):
         every: float | None = None,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
     ):
         """
         Parameters:
@@ -5687,14 +5680,14 @@ class BarPlot(Plot):
 
     @staticmethod
     def update(
-        value: pd.DataFrame | Dict | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE] = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
+        value: pd.DataFrame | dict | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE] = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
         x: str | None = None,
         y: str | None = None,
         color: str | None = None,
         vertical: bool = True,
         group: str | None = None,
         title: str | None = None,
-        tooltip: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        tooltip: list[str] | str | None = None,
         x_title: str | None = None,
         y_title: str | None = None,
         color_legend_title: str | None = None,
@@ -5702,7 +5695,7 @@ class BarPlot(Plot):
         color_legend_position: str | None = None,
         height: int | None = None,
         width: int | None = None,
-        y_lim: List[int] | None = None,
+        y_lim: list[int] | None = None,
         caption: str | None = None,
         interactive: bool | None = None,
         label: str | None = None,
@@ -5789,7 +5782,7 @@ class BarPlot(Plot):
         vertical: bool = True,
         group: str | None = None,
         title: str | None = None,
-        tooltip: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        tooltip: list[str] | str | None = None,
         x_title: str | None = None,
         y_title: str | None = None,
         color_legend_title: str | None = None,
@@ -5797,7 +5790,7 @@ class BarPlot(Plot):
         color_legend_position: str | None = None,
         height: int | None = None,
         width: int | None = None,
-        y_lim: List[int] | None = None,
+        y_lim: list[int] | None = None,
         interactive: bool | None = True,
     ):
         """Helper for creating the bar plot."""
@@ -5871,7 +5864,7 @@ class BarPlot(Plot):
 
         return chart
 
-    def postprocess(self, y: pd.DataFrame | Dict | None) -> Dict[str, str] | None:
+    def postprocess(self, y: pd.DataFrame | dict | None) -> dict[str, str] | None:
         # if None or update
         if y is None or isinstance(y, Dict):
             return y
@@ -5917,7 +5910,7 @@ class Markdown(IOComponent, Changeable, StringSerializable):
         *,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -6000,7 +5993,7 @@ class Code(Changeable, IOComponent, StringSerializable):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: str | Tuple[str] | None = None,
+        value: str | tuple[str] | None = None,
         language: str | None = None,
         *,
         lines: int = 5,
@@ -6009,7 +6002,7 @@ class Code(Changeable, IOComponent, StringSerializable):
         show_label: bool = True,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -6058,7 +6051,7 @@ class Code(Changeable, IOComponent, StringSerializable):
     @staticmethod
     def update(
         value: str
-        | Tuple[str]
+        | tuple[str]
         | None
         | Literal[_Keywords.NO_VALUE] = _Keywords.NO_VALUE,
         label: str | None = None,
@@ -6099,14 +6092,14 @@ class Dataset(Clickable, Selectable, Component, StringSerializable):
         self,
         *,
         label: str | None = None,
-        components: List[IOComponent] | List[str],
-        samples: List[List[Any]] | None = None,
-        headers: List[str] | None = None,
+        components: list[IOComponent] | list[str],
+        samples: list[list[Any]] | None = None,
+        headers: list[str] | None = None,
         type: str = "values",
         samples_per_page: int = 10,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -6180,7 +6173,7 @@ class Dataset(Clickable, Selectable, Component, StringSerializable):
         elif self.type == "values":
             return self.samples[x]
 
-    def postprocess(self, samples: List[List[Any]]) -> Dict:
+    def postprocess(self, samples: list[list[Any]]) -> dict:
         return {
             "samples": samples,
             "__type__": "update",
@@ -6210,7 +6203,7 @@ class Interpretation(Component, SimpleSerializable):
         *,
         visible: bool = True,
         elem_id: str | None = None,
-        elem_classes: List[str] | str | None = None,
+        elem_classes: list[str] | str | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
diff --git a/gradio/events.py b/gradio/events.py
index d52db6fe78..dfd117ae4d 100644
--- a/gradio/events.py
+++ b/gradio/events.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ of the on-page-load event, which is defined in gr.Blocks().load()."""
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import warnings
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, List, Set, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable
 
 from gradio_client.documentation import document, set_documentation_group
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ set_documentation_group("events")
 
 
 def set_cancel_events(
-    block: Block, event_name: str, cancels: None | Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]]
+    block: Block, event_name: str, cancels: None | dict[str, Any] | list[dict[str, Any]]
 ):
     if cancels:
         if not isinstance(cancels, list):
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ class EventListenerMethod:
     def __call__(
         self,
         fn: Callable | None,
-        inputs: Component | List[Component] | Set[Component] | None = None,
-        outputs: Component | List[Component] | None = None,
+        inputs: Component | list[Component] | set[Component] | None = None,
+        outputs: Component | list[Component] | None = None,
         api_name: str | None = None,
         status_tracker: StatusTracker | None = None,
         scroll_to_output: bool = False,
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class EventListenerMethod:
         max_batch_size: int = 4,
         preprocess: bool = True,
         postprocess: bool = True,
-        cancels: Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        cancels: dict[str, Any] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
         every: float | None = None,
         _js: str | None = None,
     ) -> Dependency:
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ class Selectable(EventListener):
 class SelectData(EventData):
     def __init__(self, target: Block | None, data: Any):
         super().__init__(target, data)
-        self.index: int | Tuple[int, int] = data["index"]
+        self.index: int | tuple[int, int] = data["index"]
         """
         The index of the selected item. Is a tuple if the component is two dimensional or selection is a range.
         """
diff --git a/gradio/exceptions.py b/gradio/exceptions.py
index 48ede6c3fc..493fcbf826 100644
--- a/gradio/exceptions.py
+++ b/gradio/exceptions.py
@@ -15,10 +15,13 @@ class TooManyRequestsError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
-class InvalidApiName(ValueError):
+class InvalidApiNameError(ValueError):
     pass
 
 
+InvalidApiName = InvalidApiNameError  # backwards compatibility
+
+
 @document()
 class Error(Exception):
     """
diff --git a/gradio/external.py b/gradio/external.py
index 569c24a6bd..6080d5405a 100644
--- a/gradio/external.py
+++ b/gradio/external.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import json
 import re
 import warnings
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Dict
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable
 
 import requests
 from gradio_client import Client
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def load_blocks_from_repo(
         src = tokens[0]
         name = "/".join(tokens[1:])
 
-    factory_methods: Dict[str, Callable] = {
+    factory_methods: dict[str, Callable] = {
         # for each repo type, we have a method that returns the Interface given the model name & optionally an api_key
         "huggingface": from_model,
         "models": from_model,
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ def from_model(model_name: str, api_key: str | None, alias: str | None, **kwargs
             data.update({"options": {"wait_for_model": True}})
             data = json.dumps(data)
         response = requests.request("POST", api_url, headers=headers, data=data)
-        if not (response.status_code == 200):
+        if response.status_code != 200:
             errors_json = response.json()
             errors, warns = "", ""
             if errors_json.get("error"):
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ def from_spaces_blocks(space: str, api_key: str | None) -> Blocks:
 
 def from_spaces_interface(
     model_name: str,
-    config: Dict,
+    config: dict,
     alias: str | None,
     api_key: str | None,
     iframe_url: str,
diff --git a/gradio/flagging.py b/gradio/flagging.py
index 89b65f888d..11deab6ab4 100644
--- a/gradio/flagging.py
+++ b/gradio/flagging.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import warnings
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from distutils.version import StrictVersion
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 import filelock
 import huggingface_hub
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class FlaggingCallback(ABC):
     """
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def setup(self, components: List[IOComponent], flagging_dir: str):
+    def setup(self, components: list[IOComponent], flagging_dir: str):
         """
         This method should be overridden and ensure that everything is set up correctly for flag().
         This method gets called once at the beginning of the Interface.launch() method.
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class FlaggingCallback(ABC):
     @abstractmethod
     def flag(
         self,
-        flag_data: List[Any],
+        flag_data: list[Any],
         flag_option: str = "",
         username: str | None = None,
     ) -> int:
@@ -81,14 +81,14 @@ class SimpleCSVLogger(FlaggingCallback):
     def __init__(self):
         pass
 
-    def setup(self, components: List[IOComponent], flagging_dir: str | Path):
+    def setup(self, components: list[IOComponent], flagging_dir: str | Path):
         self.components = components
         self.flagging_dir = flagging_dir
         os.makedirs(flagging_dir, exist_ok=True)
 
     def flag(
         self,
-        flag_data: List[Any],
+        flag_data: list[Any],
         flag_option: str = "",
         username: str | None = None,
     ) -> int:
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class SimpleCSVLogger(FlaggingCallback):
             writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
             writer.writerow(utils.sanitize_list_for_csv(csv_data))
 
-        with open(log_filepath, "r") as csvfile:
+        with open(log_filepath) as csvfile:
             line_count = len([None for row in csv.reader(csvfile)]) - 1
         return line_count
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class CSVLogger(FlaggingCallback):
 
     def setup(
         self,
-        components: List[IOComponent],
+        components: list[IOComponent],
         flagging_dir: str | Path,
     ):
         self.components = components
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class CSVLogger(FlaggingCallback):
 
     def flag(
         self,
-        flag_data: List[Any],
+        flag_data: list[Any],
         flag_option: str = "",
         username: str | None = None,
     ) -> int:
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class CSVLogger(FlaggingCallback):
                 writer.writerow(utils.sanitize_list_for_csv(headers))
             writer.writerow(utils.sanitize_list_for_csv(csv_data))
 
-        with open(log_filepath, "r", encoding="utf-8") as csvfile:
+        with open(log_filepath, encoding="utf-8") as csvfile:
             line_count = len([None for row in csv.reader(csvfile)]) - 1
         return line_count
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ class HuggingFaceDatasetSaver(FlaggingCallback):
         self.info_filename = info_filename
         self.separate_dirs = separate_dirs
 
-    def setup(self, components: List[IOComponent], flagging_dir: str):
+    def setup(self, components: list[IOComponent], flagging_dir: str):
         """
         Params:
         flagging_dir (str): local directory where the dataset is cloned,
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ class HuggingFaceDatasetSaver(FlaggingCallback):
             except huggingface_hub.utils.EntryNotFoundError:
                 pass
 
-    def flag(self, flag_data: List[Any], flag_option: str = "") -> int:
+    def flag(self, flag_data: list[Any], flag_option: str = "") -> int:
         if self.separate_dirs:
             # JSONL files to support dataset preview on the Hub
             unique_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ class HuggingFaceDatasetSaver(FlaggingCallback):
         data_file: Path,
         components_dir: Path,
         path_in_repo: str | None,
-        flag_data: List[Any],
+        flag_data: list[Any],
         flag_option: str = "",
     ) -> int:
         # Deserialize components (write images/audio to files)
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ class HuggingFaceDatasetSaver(FlaggingCallback):
         return sample_nb
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _save_as_csv(data_file: Path, headers: List[str], row: List[Any]) -> int:
+    def _save_as_csv(data_file: Path, headers: list[str], row: list[Any]) -> int:
         """Save data as CSV and return the sample name (row number)."""
         is_new = not data_file.exists()
 
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ class HuggingFaceDatasetSaver(FlaggingCallback):
             return sum(1 for _ in csv.reader(csvfile)) - 1
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _save_as_jsonl(data_file: Path, headers: List[str], row: List[Any]) -> str:
+    def _save_as_jsonl(data_file: Path, headers: list[str], row: list[Any]) -> str:
         """Save data as JSONL and return the sample name (uuid)."""
         Path.mkdir(data_file.parent, parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         with open(data_file, "w") as f:
@@ -394,15 +394,15 @@ class HuggingFaceDatasetSaver(FlaggingCallback):
         return data_file.parent.name
 
     def _deserialize_components(
-        self, data_dir: Path, flag_data: List[Any], flag_option: str = ""
-    ) -> Tuple[Dict[Any, Any], List[Any]]:
+        self, data_dir: Path, flag_data: list[Any], flag_option: str = ""
+    ) -> tuple[dict[Any, Any], list[Any]]:
         """Deserialize components and return the corresponding row for the flagged sample.
 
         Images/audio are saved to disk as individual files.
         """
         # Components that can have a preview on dataset repos
         # NOTE: not at root level to avoid circular imports
-        FILE_PREVIEW_TYPES = {gr.Audio: "Audio", gr.Image: "Image"}
+        file_preview_types = {gr.Audio: "Audio", gr.Image: "Image"}
 
         # Generate the row corresponding to the flagged sample
         features = {}
@@ -418,8 +418,8 @@ class HuggingFaceDatasetSaver(FlaggingCallback):
             row.append(Path(deserialized).name)
 
             # If component is eligible for a preview, add the URL of the file
-            if isinstance(component, tuple(FILE_PREVIEW_TYPES)):  # type: ignore
-                for _component, _type in FILE_PREVIEW_TYPES.items():
+            if isinstance(component, tuple(file_preview_types)):  # type: ignore
+                for _component, _type in file_preview_types.items():
                     if isinstance(component, _component):
                         features[label + " file"] = {"_type": _type}
                         break
diff --git a/gradio/helpers.py b/gradio/helpers.py
index 32b8125284..9ac56aef70 100644
--- a/gradio/helpers.py
+++ b/gradio/helpers.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import tempfile
 import threading
 import warnings
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Iterable
 
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import numpy as np
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ set_documentation_group("helpers")
 
 
 def create_examples(
-    examples: List[Any] | List[List[Any]] | str,
-    inputs: IOComponent | List[IOComponent],
-    outputs: IOComponent | List[IOComponent] | None = None,
+    examples: list[Any] | list[list[Any]] | str,
+    inputs: IOComponent | list[IOComponent],
+    outputs: IOComponent | list[IOComponent] | None = None,
     fn: Callable | None = None,
     cache_examples: bool = False,
     examples_per_page: int = 10,
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ class Examples:
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        examples: List[Any] | List[List[Any]] | str,
-        inputs: IOComponent | List[IOComponent],
-        outputs: IOComponent | List[IOComponent] | None = None,
+        examples: list[Any] | list[list[Any]] | str,
+        inputs: IOComponent | list[IOComponent],
+        outputs: IOComponent | list[IOComponent] | None = None,
         fn: Callable | None = None,
         cache_examples: bool = False,
         examples_per_page: int = 10,
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ class Examples:
             Context.root_block.dependencies.remove(dependency)
             Context.root_block.fns.pop(fn_index)
 
-    async def load_from_cache(self, example_id: int) -> List[Any]:
+    async def load_from_cache(self, example_id: int) -> list[Any]:
         """Loads a particular cached example for the interface.
         Parameters:
             example_id: The id of the example to process (zero-indexed).
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ class Progress(Iterable):
         self.track_tqdm = track_tqdm
         self._callback = _callback
         self._event_id = _event_id
-        self.iterables: List[TrackedIterable] = []
+        self.iterables: list[TrackedIterable] = []
 
     def __len__(self):
         return self.iterables[-1].length
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ class Progress(Iterable):
 
     def __call__(
         self,
-        progress: float | Tuple[int, int | None] | None,
+        progress: float | tuple[int, int | None] | None,
         desc: str | None = None,
         total: int | None = None,
         unit: str = "steps",
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ def create_tracker(root_blocks, event_id, fn, track_tqdm):
         if self._progress is not None:
             self._progress.event_id = event_id
             self._progress.tqdm(iterable, desc, _tqdm=self)
-            kwargs["file"] = open(os.devnull, "w")
+            kwargs["file"] = open(os.devnull, "w")  # noqa: SIM115
         self.__init__orig__(iterable, desc, *args, **kwargs)
 
     def iter_tqdm(self):
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ def create_tracker(root_blocks, event_id, fn, track_tqdm):
 
 def special_args(
     fn: Callable,
-    inputs: List[Any] | None = None,
+    inputs: list[Any] | None = None,
     request: routes.Request | None = None,
     event_data: EventData | None = None,
 ):
@@ -632,9 +632,10 @@ def special_args(
             event_data_index = i
             if inputs is not None and event_data is not None:
                 inputs.insert(i, param.annotation(event_data.target, event_data._data))
-        elif param.default is not param.empty:
-            if inputs is not None and len(inputs) <= i:
-                inputs.insert(i, param.default)
+        elif (
+            param.default is not param.empty and inputs is not None and len(inputs) <= i
+        ):
+            inputs.insert(i, param.default)
     if inputs is not None:
         while len(inputs) < len(positional_args):
             i = len(inputs)
@@ -696,12 +697,12 @@ def skip() -> dict:
 
 @document()
 def make_waveform(
-    audio: str | Tuple[int, np.ndarray],
+    audio: str | tuple[int, np.ndarray],
     *,
     bg_color: str = "#f3f4f6",
     bg_image: str | None = None,
     fg_alpha: float = 0.75,
-    bars_color: str | Tuple[str, str] = ("#fbbf24", "#ea580c"),
+    bars_color: str | tuple[str, str] = ("#fbbf24", "#ea580c"),
     bar_count: int = 50,
     bar_width: float = 0.6,
 ):
@@ -728,13 +729,13 @@ def make_waveform(
     duration = round(len(audio[1]) / audio[0], 4)
 
     # Helper methods to create waveform
-    def hex_to_RGB(hex_str):
+    def hex_to_rgb(hex_str):
         return [int(hex_str[i : i + 2], 16) for i in range(1, 6, 2)]
 
     def get_color_gradient(c1, c2, n):
         assert n > 1
-        c1_rgb = np.array(hex_to_RGB(c1)) / 255
-        c2_rgb = np.array(hex_to_RGB(c2)) / 255
+        c1_rgb = np.array(hex_to_rgb(c1)) / 255
+        c2_rgb = np.array(hex_to_rgb(c2)) / 255
         mix_pcts = [x / (n - 1) for x in range(n)]
         rgb_colors = [((1 - mix) * c1_rgb + (mix * c2_rgb)) for mix in mix_pcts]
         return [
@@ -770,7 +771,7 @@ def make_waveform(
         plt.axis("off")
         plt.margins(x=0)
         tmp_img = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".png", delete=False)
-        savefig_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {"bbox_inches": "tight"}
+        savefig_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {"bbox_inches": "tight"}
         if bg_image is not None:
             savefig_kwargs["transparent"] = True
         else:
diff --git a/gradio/inputs.py b/gradio/inputs.py
index d2991db9fb..db83e59260 100644
--- a/gradio/inputs.py
+++ b/gradio/inputs.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ automatically added to a registry, which allows them to be easily referenced in
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import warnings
-from typing import Any, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from gradio import components
 
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ class CheckboxGroup(components.CheckboxGroup):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        choices: List[str],
-        default: List[str] | None = None,
+        choices: list[str],
+        default: list[str] | None = None,
         type: str = "value",
         label: Optional[str] = None,
         optional: bool = False,
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ class Radio(components.Radio):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        choices: List[str],
+        choices: list[str],
         type: str = "value",
         default: Optional[str] = None,
         label: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ class Dropdown(components.Dropdown):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        choices: List[str],
+        choices: list[str],
         type: str = "value",
         default: Optional[str] = None,
         label: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class Image(components.Image):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        shape: Tuple[int, int] = None,
+        shape: tuple[int, int] = None,
         image_mode: str = "RGB",
         invert_colors: bool = False,
         source: str = "upload",
@@ -366,12 +366,12 @@ class Dataframe(components.Dataframe):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        headers: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        headers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         row_count: int = 3,
         col_count: Optional[int] = 3,
-        datatype: str | List[str] = "str",
-        col_width: int | List[int] = None,
-        default: Optional[List[List[Any]]] = None,
+        datatype: str | list[str] = "str",
+        col_width: int | list[int] = None,
+        default: Optional[list[list[Any]]] = None,
         type: str = "pandas",
         label: Optional[str] = None,
         optional: bool = False,
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ class Timeseries(components.Timeseries):
     def __init__(
         self,
         x: Optional[str] = None,
-        y: str | List[str] = None,
+        y: str | list[str] = None,
         label: Optional[str] = None,
         optional: bool = False,
     ):
diff --git a/gradio/interface.py b/gradio/interface.py
index c55ac16233..f32afa0cc4 100644
--- a/gradio/interface.py
+++ b/gradio/interface.py
@@ -8,10 +8,9 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import inspect
 import json
 import os
-import re
 import warnings
 import weakref
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, List, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable
 
 from gradio_client.documentation import document, set_documentation_group
 
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ class Interface(Blocks):
     instances: weakref.WeakSet = weakref.WeakSet()
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_instances(cls) -> List[Interface]:
+    def get_instances(cls) -> list[Interface]:
         """
         :return: list of all current instances.
         """
@@ -119,9 +118,9 @@ class Interface(Blocks):
     def __init__(
         self,
         fn: Callable,
-        inputs: str | IOComponent | List[str | IOComponent] | None,
-        outputs: str | IOComponent | List[str | IOComponent] | None,
-        examples: List[Any] | List[List[Any]] | str | None = None,
+        inputs: str | IOComponent | list[str | IOComponent] | None,
+        outputs: str | IOComponent | list[str | IOComponent] | None,
+        examples: list[Any] | list[list[Any]] | str | None = None,
         cache_examples: bool | None = None,
         examples_per_page: int = 10,
         live: bool = False,
@@ -134,7 +133,7 @@ class Interface(Blocks):
         theme: Theme | str | None = None,
         css: str | None = None,
         allow_flagging: str | None = None,
-        flagging_options: List[str] | List[Tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+        flagging_options: list[str] | list[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
         flagging_dir: str = "flagged",
         flagging_callback: FlaggingCallback = CSVLogger(),
         analytics_enabled: bool | None = None,
@@ -287,17 +286,11 @@ class Interface(Blocks):
         self.live = live
         self.title = title
 
-        CLEANER = re.compile("<.*?>")
-
-        def clean_html(raw_html):
-            cleantext = re.sub(CLEANER, "", raw_html)
-            return cleantext
-
         md = utils.get_markdown_parser()
-        simple_description = None
+        simple_description: str | None = None
         if description is not None:
             description = md.render(description)
-            simple_description = clean_html(description)
+            simple_description = utils.remove_html_tags(description)
         self.simple_description = simple_description
         self.description = description
         if article is not None:
@@ -466,19 +459,19 @@ class Interface(Blocks):
         if self.description:
             Markdown(self.description)
 
-    def render_flag_btns(self) -> List[Button]:
+    def render_flag_btns(self) -> list[Button]:
         return [Button(label) for label, _ in self.flagging_options]
 
     def render_input_column(
         self,
-    ) -> Tuple[
+    ) -> tuple[
         Button | None,
         Button | None,
         Button | None,
-        List[Button] | None,
+        list[Button] | None,
         Column,
         Column | None,
-        List[Interpretation] | None,
+        list[Interpretation] | None,
     ]:
         submit_btn, clear_btn, stop_btn, flag_btns = None, None, None, None
         interpret_component_column, interpretation_set = None, None
@@ -531,7 +524,7 @@ class Interface(Blocks):
     def render_output_column(
         self,
         submit_btn_in: Button | None,
-    ) -> Tuple[Button | None, Button | None, Button | None, List | None, Button | None]:
+    ) -> tuple[Button | None, Button | None, Button | None, list | None, Button | None]:
         submit_btn = submit_btn_in
         interpretation_btn, clear_btn, flag_btns, stop_btn = None, None, None, None
 
@@ -699,7 +692,7 @@ class Interface(Blocks):
     def attach_interpretation_events(
         self,
         interpretation_btn: Button | None,
-        interpretation_set: List[Interpretation] | None,
+        interpretation_set: list[Interpretation] | None,
         input_component_column: Column | None,
         interpret_component_column: Column | None,
     ):
@@ -711,53 +704,58 @@ class Interface(Blocks):
                 preprocess=False,
             )
 
-    def attach_flagging_events(self, flag_btns: List[Button] | None, clear_btn: Button):
-        if flag_btns:
-            if self.interface_type in [
+    def attach_flagging_events(self, flag_btns: list[Button] | None, clear_btn: Button):
+        if not (
+            flag_btns
+            and self.interface_type
+            in (
                 InterfaceTypes.STANDARD,
                 InterfaceTypes.OUTPUT_ONLY,
                 InterfaceTypes.UNIFIED,
-            ]:
-                if self.allow_flagging == "auto":
-                    flag_method = FlagMethod(
-                        self.flagging_callback, "", "", visual_feedback=False
-                    )
-                    flag_btns[0].click(  # flag_btns[0] is just the "Submit" button
-                        flag_method,
-                        inputs=self.input_components,
-                        outputs=None,
-                        preprocess=False,
-                        queue=False,
-                    )
-                    return
+            )
+        ):
+            return
 
-                if self.interface_type == InterfaceTypes.UNIFIED:
-                    flag_components = self.input_components
-                else:
-                    flag_components = self.input_components + self.output_components
+        if self.allow_flagging == "auto":
+            flag_method = FlagMethod(
+                self.flagging_callback, "", "", visual_feedback=False
+            )
+            flag_btns[0].click(  # flag_btns[0] is just the "Submit" button
+                flag_method,
+                inputs=self.input_components,
+                outputs=None,
+                preprocess=False,
+                queue=False,
+            )
+            return
 
-                for flag_btn, (label, value) in zip(flag_btns, self.flagging_options):
-                    assert isinstance(value, str)
-                    flag_method = FlagMethod(self.flagging_callback, label, value)
-                    flag_btn.click(
-                        lambda: Button.update(value="Saving...", interactive=False),
-                        None,
-                        flag_btn,
-                        queue=False,
-                    )
-                    flag_btn.click(
-                        flag_method,
-                        inputs=flag_components,
-                        outputs=flag_btn,
-                        preprocess=False,
-                        queue=False,
-                    )
-                    clear_btn.click(
-                        flag_method.reset,
-                        None,
-                        flag_btn,
-                        queue=False,
-                    )
+        if self.interface_type == InterfaceTypes.UNIFIED:
+            flag_components = self.input_components
+        else:
+            flag_components = self.input_components + self.output_components
+
+        for flag_btn, (label, value) in zip(flag_btns, self.flagging_options):
+            assert isinstance(value, str)
+            flag_method = FlagMethod(self.flagging_callback, label, value)
+            flag_btn.click(
+                lambda: Button.update(value="Saving...", interactive=False),
+                None,
+                flag_btn,
+                queue=False,
+            )
+            flag_btn.click(
+                flag_method,
+                inputs=flag_components,
+                outputs=flag_btn,
+                preprocess=False,
+                queue=False,
+            )
+            clear_btn.click(
+                flag_method.reset,
+                None,
+                flag_btn,
+                queue=False,
+            )
 
     def render_examples(self):
         if self.examples:
@@ -798,7 +796,7 @@ class Interface(Blocks):
             Column.update(visible=True),
         ]
 
-    async def interpret(self, raw_input: List[Any]) -> List[Any]:
+    async def interpret(self, raw_input: list[Any]) -> list[Any]:
         return [
             {"original": raw_value, "interpretation": interpretation}
             for interpretation, raw_value in zip(
@@ -823,8 +821,8 @@ class TabbedInterface(Blocks):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        interface_list: List[Interface],
-        tab_names: List[str] | None = None,
+        interface_list: list[Interface],
+        tab_names: list[str] | None = None,
         title: str | None = None,
         theme: Theme | None = None,
         analytics_enabled: bool | None = None,
diff --git a/gradio/interpretation.py b/gradio/interpretation.py
index 77c71237da..295aeabf83 100644
--- a/gradio/interpretation.py
+++ b/gradio/interpretation.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import copy
 import math
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 import numpy as np
 from gradio_client import utils as client_utils
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ class Interpretable(ABC):  # noqa: B024
         pass
 
     def get_interpretation_scores(
-        self, x: Any, neighbors: List[Any] | None, scores: List[float], **kwargs
-    ) -> List:
+        self, x: Any, neighbors: list[Any] | None, scores: list[float], **kwargs
+    ) -> list:
         """
         Arrange the output values from the neighbors into interpretation scores for the interface to render.
         Parameters:
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class Interpretable(ABC):  # noqa: B024
 
 class TokenInterpretable(Interpretable, ABC):
     @abstractmethod
-    def tokenize(self, x: Any) -> Tuple[List, List, None]:
+    def tokenize(self, x: Any) -> tuple[list, list, None]:
         """
         Interprets an input data point x by splitting it into a list of tokens (e.g
         a string into words or an image into super-pixels).
@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ class TokenInterpretable(Interpretable, ABC):
         return [], [], None
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def get_masked_inputs(self, tokens: List, binary_mask_matrix: List[List]) -> List:
+    def get_masked_inputs(self, tokens: list, binary_mask_matrix: list[list]) -> list:
         return []
 
 
 class NeighborInterpretable(Interpretable, ABC):
     @abstractmethod
-    def get_interpretation_neighbors(self, x: Any) -> Tuple[List, Dict]:
+    def get_interpretation_neighbors(self, x: Any) -> tuple[list, dict]:
         """
         Generates values similar to input to be used to interpret the significance of the input in the final output.
         Parameters:
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class NeighborInterpretable(Interpretable, ABC):
         return [], {}
 
 
-async def run_interpret(interface: Interface, raw_input: List):
+async def run_interpret(interface: Interface, raw_input: list):
     """
     Runs the interpretation command for the machine learning model. Handles both the "default" out-of-the-box
     interpretation for a certain set of UI component types, as well as the custom interpretation case.
@@ -265,12 +265,12 @@ def diff(original: Any, perturbed: Any) -> int | float:
     try:  # try computing numerical difference
         score = float(original) - float(perturbed)
     except ValueError:  # otherwise, look at strict difference in label
-        score = int(not (original == perturbed))
+        score = int(original != perturbed)
     return score
 
 
 def quantify_difference_in_label(
-    interface: Interface, original_output: List, perturbed_output: List
+    interface: Interface, original_output: list, perturbed_output: list
 ) -> int | float:
     output_component = interface.output_components[0]
     post_original_output = output_component.postprocess(original_output[0])
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ def quantify_difference_in_label(
 
 
 def get_regression_or_classification_value(
-    interface: Interface, original_output: List, perturbed_output: List
+    interface: Interface, original_output: list, perturbed_output: list
 ) -> int | float:
     """Used to combine regression/classification for Shap interpretation method."""
     output_component = interface.output_components[0]
diff --git a/gradio/layouts.py b/gradio/layouts.py
index 47cda5bb59..1401e01dba 100644
--- a/gradio/layouts.py
+++ b/gradio/layouts.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import warnings
-from typing import Type
 
 from gradio_client.documentation import document, set_documentation_group
 
@@ -216,7 +215,7 @@ class Tab(BlockContext, Selectable):
             **super(BlockContext, self).get_config(),
         }
 
-    def get_expected_parent(self) -> Type[Tabs]:
+    def get_expected_parent(self) -> type[Tabs]:
         return Tabs
 
     def get_block_name(self):
diff --git a/gradio/networking.py b/gradio/networking.py
index 7f6af29fe9..b9512e653a 100644
--- a/gradio/networking.py
+++ b/gradio/networking.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import socket
 import threading
 import time
 import warnings
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import requests
 import uvicorn
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def start_server(
     ssl_keyfile: str | None = None,
     ssl_certfile: str | None = None,
     ssl_keyfile_password: str | None = None,
-) -> Tuple[str, int, str, App, Server]:
+) -> tuple[str, int, str, App, Server]:
     """Launches a local server running the provided Interface
     Parameters:
     blocks: The Blocks object to run on the server
diff --git a/gradio/outputs.py b/gradio/outputs.py
index 2995fdcac8..66f170c46f 100644
--- a/gradio/outputs.py
+++ b/gradio/outputs.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ automatically added to a registry, which allows them to be easily referenced in
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import warnings
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from gradio import components
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class Dataframe(components.Dataframe):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        headers: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        headers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         max_rows: Optional[int] = 20,
         max_cols: Optional[int] = None,
         overflow_row_behaviour: str = "paginate",
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class Timeseries(components.Timeseries):
     """
 
     def __init__(
-        self, x: str = None, y: str | List[str] = None, label: Optional[str] = None
+        self, x: str = None, y: str | list[str] = None, label: Optional[str] = None
     ):
         """
         Parameters:
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ class HighlightedText(components.HighlightedText):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        color_map: Dict[str, str] = None,
+        color_map: dict[str, str] = None,
         label: Optional[str] = None,
         show_legend: bool = False,
     ):
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ class Carousel(components.Carousel):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        components: components.Component | List[components.Component],
+        components: components.Component | list[components.Component],
         label: Optional[str] = None,
     ):
         """
diff --git a/gradio/pipelines.py b/gradio/pipelines.py
index 73bb15e608..144f1f7ecd 100644
--- a/gradio/pipelines.py
+++ b/gradio/pipelines.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ please use the `gr.Interface.from_pipeline()` function."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from gradio import components
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:  # Only import for type checking (is False at runtime).
     from transformers import pipelines
 
 
-def load_from_pipeline(pipeline: pipelines.base.Pipeline) -> Dict:
+def load_from_pipeline(pipeline: pipelines.base.Pipeline) -> dict:
     """
     Gets the appropriate Interface kwargs for a given Hugging Face transformers.Pipeline.
     pipeline (transformers.Pipeline): the transformers.Pipeline from which to create an interface
diff --git a/gradio/processing_utils.py b/gradio/processing_utils.py
index a5772658b6..ff541694b5 100644
--- a/gradio/processing_utils.py
+++ b/gradio/processing_utils.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import tempfile
 import warnings
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict
 
 import numpy as np
 from ffmpy import FFmpeg, FFprobe, FFRuntimeError
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ with warnings.catch_warnings():
 #########################
 
 
-def to_binary(x: str | Dict) -> bytes:
+def to_binary(x: str | dict) -> bytes:
     """Converts a base64 string or dictionary to a binary string that can be sent in a POST."""
     if isinstance(x, dict):
         if x.get("data"):
@@ -362,10 +361,7 @@ def _convert(image, dtype, force_copy=False, uniform=False):
 
     image = np.asarray(image)
     dtypeobj_in = image.dtype
-    if dtype is np.floating:
-        dtypeobj_out = np.dtype("float64")
-    else:
-        dtypeobj_out = np.dtype(dtype)
+    dtypeobj_out = np.dtype("float64") if dtype is np.floating else np.dtype(dtype)
     dtype_in = dtypeobj_in.type
     dtype_out = dtypeobj_out.type
     kind_in = dtypeobj_in.kind
diff --git a/gradio/queueing.py b/gradio/queueing.py
index 43ea1c9694..525551b1a7 100644
--- a/gradio/queueing.py
+++ b/gradio/queueing.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import sys
 import time
 from asyncio import TimeoutError as AsyncTimeOutError
 from collections import deque
-from typing import Any, Deque, Dict, List, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Deque
 
 import fastapi
 import httpx
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ class Queue:
         concurrency_count: int,
         update_intervals: float,
         max_size: int | None,
-        blocks_dependencies: List,
+        blocks_dependencies: list,
     ):
         self.event_queue: Deque[Event] = deque()
         self.events_pending_reconnection = []
         self.stopped = False
         self.max_thread_count = concurrency_count
         self.update_intervals = update_intervals
-        self.active_jobs: List[None | List[Event]] = [None] * concurrency_count
+        self.active_jobs: list[None | list[Event]] = [None] * concurrency_count
         self.delete_lock = asyncio.Lock()
         self.server_path = None
         self.duration_history_total = 0
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class Queue:
                 count += 1
         return count
 
-    def get_events_in_batch(self) -> Tuple[List[Event] | None, bool]:
+    def get_events_in_batch(self) -> tuple[list[Event] | None, bool]:
         if not (self.event_queue):
             return None, False
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class Queue:
     def set_progress(
         self,
         event_id: str,
-        iterables: List[TrackedIterable] | None,
+        iterables: list[TrackedIterable] | None,
     ):
         if iterables is None:
             return
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class Queue:
                 continue
             for evt in job:
                 if evt._id == event_id:
-                    progress_data: List[ProgressUnit] = []
+                    progress_data: list[ProgressUnit] = []
                     for iterable in iterables:
                         progress_unit = ProgressUnit(
                             index=iterable.index,
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ class Queue:
             queue_eta=self.queue_duration,
         )
 
-    def get_request_params(self, websocket: fastapi.WebSocket) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def get_request_params(self, websocket: fastapi.WebSocket) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "url": str(websocket.url),
             "headers": dict(websocket.headers),
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ class Queue:
             "client": {"host": websocket.client.host, "port": websocket.client.port},  # type: ignore
         }
 
-    async def call_prediction(self, events: List[Event], batch: bool):
+    async def call_prediction(self, events: list[Event], batch: bool):
         data = events[0].data
         assert data is not None, "No event data"
         token = events[0].token
@@ -340,8 +340,8 @@ class Queue:
         )
         return response
 
-    async def process_events(self, events: List[Event], batch: bool) -> None:
-        awake_events: List[Event] = []
+    async def process_events(self, events: list[Event], batch: bool) -> None:
+        awake_events: list[Event] = []
         try:
             for event in events:
                 client_awake = await self.gather_event_data(event)
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ class Queue:
                 # to start "from scratch"
                 await self.reset_iterators(event.session_hash, event.fn_index)
 
-    async def send_message(self, event, data: Dict, timeout: float | int = 1) -> bool:
+    async def send_message(self, event, data: dict, timeout: float | int = 1) -> bool:
         try:
             await asyncio.wait_for(
                 event.websocket.send_json(data=data), timeout=timeout
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ class Queue:
             await self.clean_event(event)
             return False
 
-    async def get_message(self, event, timeout=5) -> Tuple[PredictBody | None, bool]:
+    async def get_message(self, event, timeout=5) -> tuple[PredictBody | None, bool]:
         try:
             data = await asyncio.wait_for(
                 event.websocket.receive_json(), timeout=timeout
diff --git a/gradio/ranged_response.py b/gradio/ranged_response.py
index eea65227da..88eb696184 100644
--- a/gradio/ranged_response.py
+++ b/gradio/ranged_response.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import re
 import stat
-from typing import Dict, NamedTuple
+from typing import NamedTuple
 from urllib.parse import quote
 
 import aiofiles
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class OpenRange(NamedTuple):
 
     def clamp(self, start: int, end: int) -> ClosedRange:
         begin = max(self.start, start)
-        end = min((x for x in (self.end, end) if x))
+        end = min(x for x in (self.end, end) if x)
 
         begin = min(begin, end)
         end = max(begin, end)
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class RangedFileResponse(Response):
         self,
         path: str | os.PathLike,
         range: OpenRange,
-        headers: Dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        headers: dict[str, str] | None = None,
         media_type: str | None = None,
         filename: str | None = None,
         stat_result: os.stat_result | None = None,
diff --git a/gradio/reload.py b/gradio/reload.py
index 72276e1eae..1ae802ff32 100644
--- a/gradio/reload.py
+++ b/gradio/reload.py
@@ -18,10 +18,7 @@ def run_in_reload_mode():
     args = sys.argv[1:]
     if len(args) == 0:
         raise ValueError("No file specified.")
-    if len(args) == 1:
-        demo_name = "demo"
-    else:
-        demo_name = args[1]
+    demo_name = "demo" if len(args) == 1 else args[1]
 
     original_path = args[0]
     abs_original_path = utils.abspath(original_path)
diff --git a/gradio/routes.py b/gradio/routes.py
index 0b2961a270..e275d5ae2c 100644
--- a/gradio/routes.py
+++ b/gradio/routes.py
@@ -309,10 +309,8 @@ class App(FastAPI):
                 )
             abs_path = utils.abspath(path_or_url)
             in_blocklist = any(
-                (
-                    utils.is_in_or_equal(abs_path, blocked_path)
-                    for blocked_path in blocks.blocked_paths
-                )
+                utils.is_in_or_equal(abs_path, blocked_path)
+                for blocked_path in blocks.blocked_paths
             )
             if in_blocklist:
                 raise HTTPException(403, f"File not allowed: {path_or_url}.")
@@ -320,10 +318,8 @@ class App(FastAPI):
             in_app_dir = utils.abspath(app.cwd) in abs_path.parents
             created_by_app = str(abs_path) in set().union(*blocks.temp_file_sets)
             in_file_dir = any(
-                (
-                    utils.is_in_or_equal(abs_path, allowed_path)
-                    for allowed_path in blocks.allowed_paths
-                )
+                utils.is_in_or_equal(abs_path, allowed_path)
+                for allowed_path in blocks.allowed_paths
             )
             was_uploaded = utils.abspath(app.uploaded_file_dir) in abs_path.parents
 
@@ -464,14 +460,15 @@ class App(FastAPI):
                     )
             else:
                 fn_index_inferred = body.fn_index
-            if not app.get_blocks().api_open and app.get_blocks().queue_enabled_for_fn(
-                fn_index_inferred
+            if (
+                not app.get_blocks().api_open
+                and app.get_blocks().queue_enabled_for_fn(fn_index_inferred)
+                and f"Bearer {app.queue_token}" != request.headers.get("Authorization")
             ):
-                if f"Bearer {app.queue_token}" != request.headers.get("Authorization"):
-                    raise HTTPException(
-                        status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
-                        detail="Not authorized to skip the queue",
-                    )
+                raise HTTPException(
+                    status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+                    detail="Not authorized to skip the queue",
+                )
 
             # If this fn_index cancels jobs, then the only input we need is the
             # current session hash
diff --git a/gradio/templates.py b/gradio/templates.py
index dc27f6e118..5e970be1a8 100644
--- a/gradio/templates.py
+++ b/gradio/templates.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import typing
-from typing import Any, Callable, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 import numpy as np
 from PIL.Image import Image
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ class Webcam(components.Image):
         self,
         value: str | Image | np.ndarray | None = None,
         *,
-        shape: Tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+        shape: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
         image_mode: str = "RGB",
         invert_colors: bool = False,
         source: str = "webcam",
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ class Sketchpad(components.Image):
         self,
         value: str | Image | np.ndarray | None = None,
         *,
-        shape: Tuple[int, int] = (28, 28),
+        shape: tuple[int, int] = (28, 28),
         image_mode: str = "L",
         invert_colors: bool = True,
         source: str = "canvas",
@@ -149,7 +148,7 @@ class Paint(components.Image):
         self,
         value: str | Image | np.ndarray | None = None,
         *,
-        shape: Tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+        shape: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
         image_mode: str = "RGB",
         invert_colors: bool = False,
         source: str = "canvas",
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@ class ImageMask(components.Image):
         self,
         value: str | Image | np.ndarray | None = None,
         *,
-        shape: Tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+        shape: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
         image_mode: str = "RGB",
         invert_colors: bool = False,
         source: str = "upload",
@@ -243,7 +242,7 @@ class ImagePaint(components.Image):
         self,
         value: str | Image | np.ndarray | None = None,
         *,
-        shape: Tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+        shape: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
         image_mode: str = "RGB",
         invert_colors: bool = False,
         source: str = "upload",
@@ -290,7 +289,7 @@ class Pil(components.Image):
         self,
         value: str | Image | np.ndarray | None = None,
         *,
-        shape: Tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+        shape: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
         image_mode: str = "RGB",
         invert_colors: bool = False,
         source: str = "upload",
@@ -372,7 +371,7 @@ class Microphone(components.Audio):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: str | Tuple[int, np.ndarray] | Callable | None = None,
+        value: str | tuple[int, np.ndarray] | Callable | None = None,
         *,
         source: str = "microphone",
         type: str = "numpy",
@@ -407,7 +406,7 @@ class Files(components.File):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: str | typing.List[str] | Callable | None = None,
+        value: str | list[str] | Callable | None = None,
         *,
         file_count: str = "multiple",
         type: str = "file",
@@ -440,12 +439,12 @@ class Numpy(components.Dataframe):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: typing.List[typing.List[Any]] | Callable | None = None,
+        value: list[list[Any]] | Callable | None = None,
         *,
-        headers: typing.List[str] | None = None,
-        row_count: int | Tuple[int, str] = (1, "dynamic"),
-        col_count: int | Tuple[int, str] | None = None,
-        datatype: str | typing.List[str] = "str",
+        headers: list[str] | None = None,
+        row_count: int | tuple[int, str] = (1, "dynamic"),
+        col_count: int | tuple[int, str] | None = None,
+        datatype: str | list[str] = "str",
         type: str = "numpy",
         max_rows: int | None = 20,
         max_cols: int | None = None,
@@ -487,12 +486,12 @@ class Matrix(components.Dataframe):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: typing.List[typing.List[Any]] | Callable | None = None,
+        value: list[list[Any]] | Callable | None = None,
         *,
-        headers: typing.List[str] | None = None,
-        row_count: int | Tuple[int, str] = (1, "dynamic"),
-        col_count: int | Tuple[int, str] | None = None,
-        datatype: str | typing.List[str] = "str",
+        headers: list[str] | None = None,
+        row_count: int | tuple[int, str] = (1, "dynamic"),
+        col_count: int | tuple[int, str] | None = None,
+        datatype: str | list[str] = "str",
         type: str = "array",
         max_rows: int | None = 20,
         max_cols: int | None = None,
@@ -534,12 +533,12 @@ class List(components.Dataframe):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: typing.List[typing.List[Any]] | Callable | None = None,
+        value: list[list[Any]] | Callable | None = None,
         *,
-        headers: typing.List[str] | None = None,
-        row_count: int | Tuple[int, str] = (1, "dynamic"),
-        col_count: int | Tuple[int, str] = 1,
-        datatype: str | typing.List[str] = "str",
+        headers: list[str] | None = None,
+        row_count: int | tuple[int, str] = (1, "dynamic"),
+        col_count: int | tuple[int, str] = 1,
+        datatype: str | list[str] = "str",
         type: str = "array",
         max_rows: int | None = 20,
         max_cols: int | None = None,
diff --git a/gradio/themes/base.py b/gradio/themes/base.py
index 85dba4f44b..2c33b8079a 100644
--- a/gradio/themes/base.py
+++ b/gradio/themes/base.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import re
 import tempfile
 import textwrap
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, Iterable
+from typing import Iterable
 
 import huggingface_hub
 import requests
@@ -108,17 +108,17 @@ class ThemeClass:
         return schema
 
     @classmethod
-    def load(cls, path: str) -> "ThemeClass":
+    def load(cls, path: str) -> ThemeClass:
         """Load a theme from a json file.
 
         Parameters:
             path: The filepath to read.
         """
-        theme = json.load(open(path), object_hook=fonts.as_font)
-        return cls.from_dict(theme)
+        with open(path) as fp:
+            return cls.from_dict(json.load(fp, object_hook=fonts.as_font))
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_dict(cls, theme: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]]) -> "ThemeClass":
+    def from_dict(cls, theme: dict[str, dict[str, str]]) -> ThemeClass:
         """Create a theme instance from a dictionary representation.
 
         Parameters:
@@ -142,8 +142,7 @@ class ThemeClass:
         Parameters:
             filename: The path to write the theme too
         """
-        as_dict = self.to_dict()
-        json.dump(as_dict, open(Path(filename), "w"), cls=fonts.FontEncoder)
+        Path(filename).write_text(json.dumps(self.to_dict(), cls=fonts.FontEncoder))
 
     @classmethod
     def from_hub(cls, repo_name: str, hf_token: str | None = None):
@@ -248,10 +247,7 @@ class ThemeClass:
 
         # If no version, set the version to next patch release
         if not version:
-            if space_exists:
-                version = self._get_next_version(space_info)
-            else:
-                version = "0.0.1"
+            version = self._get_next_version(space_info) if space_exists else "0.0.1"
         else:
             _ = semver.Version(version)
 
@@ -279,7 +275,7 @@ class ThemeClass:
             )
             readme_file.write(textwrap.dedent(readme_content))
         with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", delete=False) as app_file:
-            contents = open(str(Path(__file__).parent / "app.py")).read()
+            contents = (Path(__file__).parent / "app.py").read_text()
             contents = re.sub(
                 r"theme=gr.themes.Default\(\)",
                 f"theme='{space_id}'",
diff --git a/gradio/themes/builder.py b/gradio/themes/builder.py
index 250aaef00f..f3cc870bbf 100644
--- a/gradio/themes/builder.py
+++ b/gradio/themes/builder.py
@@ -76,7 +76,11 @@ css = """
 }
 """
 
-with gr.Blocks(theme=gr.themes.Base(), css=css, title="Gradio Theme Builder") as demo:
+with gr.Blocks(  # noqa: SIM117
+    theme=gr.themes.Base(),
+    css=css,
+    title="Gradio Theme Builder",
+) as demo:
     with gr.Row():
         with gr.Column(scale=1, elem_id="controls", min_width=400):
             with gr.Row():
diff --git a/gradio/themes/utils/semver_match.py b/gradio/themes/utils/semver_match.py
index 6174360688..1b12d3c3e3 100644
--- a/gradio/themes/utils/semver_match.py
+++ b/gradio/themes/utils/semver_match.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from typing import List
 
 import huggingface_hub
 import semantic_version
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ class ThemeAsset:
         self.version = semver.Version(self.filename.split("@")[1].replace(".json", ""))
 
 
-def get_theme_assets(space_info: huggingface_hub.hf_api.SpaceInfo) -> List[ThemeAsset]:
+def get_theme_assets(space_info: huggingface_hub.hf_api.SpaceInfo) -> list[ThemeAsset]:
     if "gradio-theme" not in getattr(space_info, "tags", []):
         raise ValueError(f"{space_info.id} is not a valid gradio-theme space!")
 
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ def get_theme_assets(space_info: huggingface_hub.hf_api.SpaceInfo) -> List[Theme
 
 
 def get_matching_version(
-    assets: List[ThemeAsset], expression: str | None
+    assets: list[ThemeAsset], expression: str | None
 ) -> ThemeAsset | None:
 
     expression = expression or "*"
diff --git a/gradio/utils.py b/gradio/utils.py
index 8cbf6592d0..9a3a9a3fe9 100644
--- a/gradio/utils.py
+++ b/gradio/utils.py
@@ -27,11 +27,7 @@ from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
     Generator,
-    List,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
 )
@@ -104,10 +100,10 @@ def get_local_ip_address() -> str:
     return ip_address
 
 
-def initiated_analytics(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+def initiated_analytics(data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     data.update({"ip_address": get_local_ip_address()})
 
-    def initiated_analytics_thread(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def initiated_analytics_thread(data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         try:
             requests.post(
                 f"{analytics_url}gradio-initiated-analytics/", data=data, timeout=5
@@ -118,10 +114,10 @@ def initiated_analytics(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     threading.Thread(target=initiated_analytics_thread, args=(data,)).start()
 
 
-def launch_analytics(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+def launch_analytics(data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     data.update({"ip_address": get_local_ip_address()})
 
-    def launch_analytics_thread(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def launch_analytics_thread(data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         try:
             requests.post(
                 f"{analytics_url}gradio-launched-analytics/", data=data, timeout=5
@@ -132,7 +128,7 @@ def launch_analytics(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     threading.Thread(target=launch_analytics_thread, args=(data,)).start()
 
 
-def launched_telemetry(blocks: gradio.Blocks, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+def launched_telemetry(blocks: gradio.Blocks, data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     blocks_telemetry, inputs_telemetry, outputs_telemetry, targets_telemetry = (
         [],
         [],
@@ -180,7 +176,7 @@ def launched_telemetry(blocks: gradio.Blocks, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     data.update(additional_data)
     data.update({"ip_address": get_local_ip_address()})
 
-    def launched_telemtry_thread(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def launched_telemtry_thread(data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         try:
             requests.post(
                 f"{analytics_url}gradio-launched-telemetry/", data=data, timeout=5
@@ -191,10 +187,10 @@ def launched_telemetry(blocks: gradio.Blocks, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     threading.Thread(target=launched_telemtry_thread, args=(data,)).start()
 
 
-def integration_analytics(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+def integration_analytics(data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     data.update({"ip_address": get_local_ip_address()})
 
-    def integration_analytics_thread(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def integration_analytics_thread(data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         try:
             requests.post(
                 f"{analytics_url}gradio-integration-analytics/", data=data, timeout=5
@@ -213,7 +209,7 @@ def error_analytics(message: str) -> None:
     """
     data = {"ip_address": get_local_ip_address(), "error": message}
 
-    def error_analytics_thread(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def error_analytics_thread(data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         try:
             requests.post(
                 f"{analytics_url}gradio-error-analytics/", data=data, timeout=5
@@ -320,7 +316,7 @@ def launch_counter() -> None:
         pass
 
 
-def get_default_args(func: Callable) -> List[Any]:
+def get_default_args(func: Callable) -> list[Any]:
     signature = inspect.signature(func)
     return [
         v.default if v.default is not inspect.Parameter.empty else None
@@ -329,7 +325,7 @@ def get_default_args(func: Callable) -> List[Any]:
 
 
 def assert_configs_are_equivalent_besides_ids(
-    config1: Dict, config2: Dict, root_keys: Tuple = ("mode",)
+    config1: dict, config2: dict, root_keys: tuple = ("mode",)
 ):
     """Allows you to test if two different Blocks configs produce the same demo.
 
@@ -382,7 +378,7 @@ def assert_configs_are_equivalent_besides_ids(
     return True
 
 
-def format_ner_list(input_string: str, ner_groups: List[Dict[str, str | int]]):
+def format_ner_list(input_string: str, ner_groups: list[dict[str, str | int]]):
     if len(ner_groups) == 0:
         return [(input_string, None)]
 
@@ -400,7 +396,7 @@ def format_ner_list(input_string: str, ner_groups: List[Dict[str, str | int]]):
     return output
 
 
-def delete_none(_dict: Dict, skip_value: bool = False) -> Dict:
+def delete_none(_dict: dict, skip_value: bool = False) -> dict:
     """
     Delete keys whose values are None from a dictionary
     """
@@ -412,14 +408,14 @@ def delete_none(_dict: Dict, skip_value: bool = False) -> Dict:
     return _dict
 
 
-def resolve_singleton(_list: List[Any] | Any) -> Any:
+def resolve_singleton(_list: list[Any] | Any) -> Any:
     if len(_list) == 1:
         return _list[0]
     else:
         return _list
 
 
-def component_or_layout_class(cls_name: str) -> Type[Component] | Type[BlockContext]:
+def component_or_layout_class(cls_name: str) -> type[Component] | type[BlockContext]:
     """
     Returns the component, template, or layout class with the given class name, or
     raises a ValueError if not found.
@@ -536,9 +532,9 @@ class AsyncRequest:
         method: Method,
         url: str,
         *,
-        validation_model: Type[BaseModel] | None = None,
+        validation_model: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
         validation_function: Union[Callable, None] = None,
-        exception_type: Type[Exception] = Exception,
+        exception_type: type[Exception] = Exception,
         raise_for_status: bool = False,
         client: httpx.AsyncClient | None = None,
         **kwargs,
@@ -565,7 +561,7 @@ class AsyncRequest:
         self._request = self._create_request(method, url, **kwargs)
         self.client_ = client or self.client
 
-    def __await__(self) -> Generator[None, Any, "AsyncRequest"]:
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[None, Any, AsyncRequest]:
         """
         Wrap Request's __await__ magic function to create request calls which are executed in one line.
         """
@@ -740,7 +736,7 @@ def sanitize_value_for_csv(value: str | Number) -> str | Number:
     return value
 
 
-def sanitize_list_for_csv(values: List[Any]) -> List[Any]:
+def sanitize_list_for_csv(values: list[Any]) -> list[Any]:
     """
     Sanitizes a list of values (or a list of list of values) that is being written to a
     CSV file to prevent CSV injection attacks.
@@ -756,7 +752,7 @@ def sanitize_list_for_csv(values: List[Any]) -> List[Any]:
     return sanitized_values
 
 
-def append_unique_suffix(name: str, list_of_names: List[str]):
+def append_unique_suffix(name: str, list_of_names: list[str]):
     """Appends a numerical suffix to `name` so that it does not appear in `list_of_names`."""
     set_of_names: set[str] = set(list_of_names)  # for O(1) lookup
     if name not in set_of_names:
@@ -815,8 +811,8 @@ def set_task_name(task, session_hash: str, fn_index: int, batch: bool):
 
 
 def get_cancel_function(
-    dependencies: List[Dict[str, Any]]
-) -> Tuple[Callable, List[int]]:
+    dependencies: list[dict[str, Any]]
+) -> tuple[Callable, list[int]]:
     fn_to_comp = {}
     for dep in dependencies:
         if Context.root_block:
@@ -858,7 +854,7 @@ def is_special_typed_parameter(name, parameter_types):
     return is_request or is_event_data
 
 
-def check_function_inputs_match(fn: Callable, inputs: List, inputs_as_dict: bool):
+def check_function_inputs_match(fn: Callable, inputs: list, inputs_as_dict: bool):
     """
     Checks if the input component set matches the function
     Returns: None if valid, a string error message if mismatch
@@ -878,9 +874,8 @@ def check_function_inputs_match(fn: Callable, inputs: List, inputs_as_dict: bool
                 max_args += 1
         elif param.kind == param.VAR_POSITIONAL:
             max_args = infinity
-        elif param.kind == param.KEYWORD_ONLY:
-            if not has_default:
-                return f"Keyword-only args must have default values for function {fn}"
+        elif param.kind == param.KEYWORD_ONLY and not has_default:
+            return f"Keyword-only args must have default values for function {fn}"
     arg_count = 1 if inputs_as_dict else len(inputs)
     if min_args == max_args and max_args != arg_count:
         warnings.warn(
@@ -918,15 +913,15 @@ def tex2svg(formula, *args):
     with MatplotlibBackendMananger():
         import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
-        FONTSIZE = 20
-        DPI = 300
+        fontsize = 20
+        dpi = 300
         plt.rc("mathtext", fontset="cm")
         fig = plt.figure(figsize=(0.01, 0.01))
-        fig.text(0, 0, rf"${formula}$", fontsize=FONTSIZE)
+        fig.text(0, 0, rf"${formula}$", fontsize=fontsize)
         output = BytesIO()
         fig.savefig(
             output,
-            dpi=DPI,
+            dpi=dpi,
             transparent=True,
             format="svg",
             bbox_inches="tight",
@@ -942,7 +937,7 @@ def tex2svg(formula, *args):
         height_match = re.search(r'height="([\d.]+)pt"', svg_code)
         if height_match:
             height = float(height_match.group(1))
-            new_height = height / FONTSIZE  # conversion from pt to em
+            new_height = height / fontsize  # conversion from pt to em
             svg_code = re.sub(
                 r'height="[\d.]+pt"', f'height="{new_height}em"', svg_code
             )
@@ -1016,7 +1011,7 @@ def get_serializer_name(block: Block) -> str | None:
 def highlight_code(code, name, attrs):
     try:
         lexer = get_lexer_by_name(name)
-    except:
+    except Exception:
         lexer = get_lexer_by_name("text")
     formatter = HtmlFormatter()
 
@@ -1047,3 +1042,10 @@ def get_markdown_parser() -> MarkdownIt:
     md.add_render_rule("link_open", render_blank_link)
 
     return md
+
+
+HTML_TAG_RE = re.compile("<.*?>")
+
+
+def remove_html_tags(raw_html: str | None) -> str:
+    return re.sub(HTML_TAG_RE, "", raw_html or "")
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 23f18e523d..b79a15b7bd 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -67,10 +67,9 @@ extend-select = [
   "B",
   "C",
   "I",
-  # Formatting-related UP rules
-  "UP030",
-  "UP031",
-  "UP032",
+  "N",
+  "SIM",
+  "UP",
 ]
 ignore = [
   "C901", # function is too complex (TODO: un-ignore this)
@@ -79,6 +78,9 @@ ignore = [
   "B017", # pytest.raises considered evil
   "B028", # explicit stacklevel for warnings
   "E501", # from scripts/lint_backend.sh
+  "SIM105", # contextlib.suppress (has a performance cost)
+  "SIM117", # multiple nested with blocks (doesn't look good with gr.Row etc)
+  "UP007", # use X | Y for type annotations (TODO: can be enabled once Pydantic plays nice with them)
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff.per-file-ignores]
@@ -91,3 +93,6 @@ ignore = [
 "gradio/__init__.py" = [
   "F401", # "Imported but unused" (TODO: it would be better to be explicit and use __all__)
 ]
+"gradio/routes.py" = [
+  "UP006", # Pydantic on Python 3.7 requires old-style type annotations (TODO: drop when Python 3.7 is dropped)
+]
diff --git a/test/requirements-37.txt b/test/requirements-37.txt
index 0967672ed3..8f7683d20d 100644
--- a/test/requirements-37.txt
+++ b/test/requirements-37.txt
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ respx==0.19.2
     # via -r requirements.in
 rfc3986[idna2008]==1.5.0
     # via httpx
-ruff==0.0.263
+ruff==0.0.264
     # via -r requirements.in
 s3transfer==0.6.0
     # via boto3
diff --git a/test/requirements.txt b/test/requirements.txt
index 2ddc10dcd1..9196e2ae50 100644
--- a/test/requirements.txt
+++ b/test/requirements.txt
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ requests==2.28.1
     #   transformers
 respx==0.19.2
     # via -r requirements.in
-ruff==0.0.263
+ruff==0.0.264
     # via -r requirements.in
 rfc3986[idna2008]==1.5.0
     # via httpx
diff --git a/test/test_blocks.py b/test/test_blocks.py
index dc1b1f21f4..baf76037a5 100644
--- a/test/test_blocks.py
+++ b/test/test_blocks.py
@@ -279,8 +279,7 @@ class TestBlocksMethods:
             return 42
 
         def generator_function():
-            for index in range(10):
-                yield index
+            yield from range(10)
 
         with gr.Blocks() as demo:
 
@@ -670,8 +669,7 @@ class TestCallFunction:
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_call_generator(self):
         def generator(x):
-            for i in range(x):
-                yield i
+            yield from range(x)
 
         with gr.Blocks() as demo:
             inp = gr.Number()
@@ -1368,11 +1366,10 @@ class TestProgressBar:
                     await ws.send(json.dumps({"data": [0], "fn_index": 0}))
                 if msg["msg"] == "send_hash":
                     await ws.send(json.dumps({"fn_index": 0, "session_hash": "shdce"}))
-                if msg["msg"] == "progress":
-                    if msg[
-                        "progress_data"
-                    ]:  # Ignore empty lists which sometimes appear on Windows
-                        progress_updates.append(msg["progress_data"])
+                if (
+                    msg["msg"] == "progress" and msg["progress_data"]
+                ):  # Ignore empty lists which sometimes appear on Windows
+                    progress_updates.append(msg["progress_data"])
                 if msg["msg"] == "process_completed":
                     completed = True
                     break
diff --git a/test/test_components.py b/test/test_components.py
index a245ed3ee6..a1b472e482 100644
--- a/test/test_components.py
+++ b/test/test_components.py
@@ -1489,7 +1489,8 @@ class TestLabel:
         label_output = gr.Label()
         label = label_output.postprocess(y)
         assert label == {"label": "happy"}
-        assert json.load(open(label_output.deserialize(label))) == label
+        with open(label_output.deserialize(label)) as f:
+            assert json.load(f) == label
 
         y = {3: 0.7, 1: 0.2, 0: 0.1}
         label = label_output.postprocess(y)
diff --git a/test/test_external.py b/test/test_external.py
index 6bb1352438..9c20ee27ba 100644
--- a/test/test_external.py
+++ b/test/test_external.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from gradio_client import media_data
 
 import gradio as gr
 from gradio.context import Context
-from gradio.exceptions import InvalidApiName
+from gradio.exceptions import InvalidApiNameError
 from gradio.external import TooManyRequestsError, cols_to_rows, get_tabular_examples
 
 """
@@ -190,16 +190,16 @@ class TestLoadInterface:
     def test_sentiment_model(self):
         io = gr.load("models/distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english")
         try:
-            output = io("I am happy, I love you")
-            assert json.load(open(output))["label"] == "POSITIVE"
+            with open(io("I am happy, I love you")) as f:
+                assert json.load(f)["label"] == "POSITIVE"
         except TooManyRequestsError:
             pass
 
     def test_image_classification_model(self):
         io = gr.Blocks.load(name="models/google/vit-base-patch16-224")
         try:
-            output = io("gradio/test_data/lion.jpg")
-            assert json.load(open(output))["label"] == "lion"
+            with open(io("gradio/test_data/lion.jpg")) as f:
+                assert json.load(f)["label"] == "lion"
         except TooManyRequestsError:
             pass
 
@@ -214,9 +214,9 @@ class TestLoadInterface:
     def test_numerical_to_label_space(self):
         io = gr.load("spaces/abidlabs/titanic-survival")
         try:
-            output = io("male", 77, 10)
-            assert json.load(open(output))["label"] == "Perishes"
             assert io.theme.name == "soft"
+            with open(io("male", 77, 10)) as f:
+                assert json.load(f)["label"] == "Perishes"
         except TooManyRequestsError:
             pass
 
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ def test_can_load_tabular_model_with_different_widget_data(hypothetical_readme):
 
 
 def test_raise_value_error_when_api_name_invalid():
-    with pytest.raises(InvalidApiName):
+    with pytest.raises(InvalidApiNameError):
         demo = gr.Blocks.load(name="spaces/gradio/hello_world")
         demo("freddy", api_name="route does not exist")
 
diff --git a/test/test_interpretation.py b/test/test_interpretation.py
index 03b97cf1d0..95cab4167b 100644
--- a/test/test_interpretation.py
+++ b/test/test_interpretation.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class TestDefault:
             "interpretation"
         ]
         assert interpretation[0][1] > 0  # Checks to see if the first word has >0 score.
-        assert 0 == interpretation[-1][1]  # Checks to see if the last word has 0 score.
+        assert interpretation[-1][1] == 0  # Checks to see if the last word has 0 score.
 
 
 class TestShapley:
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ class TestHelperMethods:
     def test_quantify_difference_with_label(self):
         iface = Interface(lambda text: len(text), ["textbox"], ["label"])
         diff = gradio.interpretation.quantify_difference_in_label(iface, ["3"], ["10"])
-        assert -7 == diff
+        assert diff == -7
         diff = gradio.interpretation.quantify_difference_in_label(iface, ["0"], ["100"])
-        assert -100 == diff
+        assert diff == -100
 
     def test_quantify_difference_with_confidences(self):
         iface = Interface(lambda text: len(text), ["textbox"], ["label"])
@@ -104,11 +104,11 @@ class TestHelperMethods:
         diff = gradio.interpretation.quantify_difference_in_label(
             iface, [output_1], [output_2]
         )
-        assert 0.3 == pytest.approx(diff)
+        assert pytest.approx(diff) == 0.3
         diff = gradio.interpretation.quantify_difference_in_label(
             iface, [output_1], [output_3]
         )
-        assert 0.8 == pytest.approx(diff)
+        assert pytest.approx(diff) == 0.8
 
     def test_get_regression_value(self):
         iface = Interface(lambda text: text, ["textbox"], ["label"])
@@ -118,19 +118,19 @@ class TestHelperMethods:
         diff = gradio.interpretation.get_regression_or_classification_value(
             iface, [output_1], [output_2]
         )
-        assert 0 == diff
+        assert diff == 0
         diff = gradio.interpretation.get_regression_or_classification_value(
             iface, [output_1], [output_3]
         )
-        assert 0.1 == pytest.approx(diff)
+        assert pytest.approx(diff) == 0.1
 
     def test_get_classification_value(self):
         iface = Interface(lambda text: text, ["textbox"], ["label"])
         diff = gradio.interpretation.get_regression_or_classification_value(
             iface, ["cat"], ["test"]
         )
-        assert 1 == diff
+        assert diff == 1
         diff = gradio.interpretation.get_regression_or_classification_value(
             iface, ["test"], ["test"]
         )
-        assert 0 == diff
+        assert diff == 0
diff --git a/test/test_mix.py b/test/test_mix.py
index c8fe5dda2d..a8bcaeb9d7 100644
--- a/test/test_mix.py
+++ b/test/test_mix.py
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ class TestSeries:
         io2 = gr.load("spaces/abidlabs/image-classifier")
         series = mix.Series(io1, io2)
         try:
-            output = series("gradio/test_data/lion.jpg")
-            assert json.load(open(output))["label"] == "lion"
+            with open(series("gradio/test_data/lion.jpg")) as f:
+                assert json.load(f)["label"] == "lion"
         except TooManyRequestsError:
             pass
 
diff --git a/test/test_processing_utils.py b/test/test_processing_utils.py
index fca2fdaa1b..edc1065cdf 100644
--- a/test/test_processing_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_processing_utils.py
@@ -187,15 +187,16 @@ class TestVideoProcessing:
     def test_video_has_playable_codecs_catches_exceptions(
         self, exception_to_raise, test_file_dir
     ):
-        with patch("ffmpy.FFprobe.run", side_effect=exception_to_raise):
-            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
-                suffix="out.avi", delete=False
-            ) as tmp_not_playable_vid:
-                shutil.copy(
-                    str(test_file_dir / "bad_video_sample.mp4"),
-                    tmp_not_playable_vid.name,
-                )
-                assert processing_utils.video_is_playable(tmp_not_playable_vid.name)
+        with patch(
+            "ffmpy.FFprobe.run", side_effect=exception_to_raise
+        ), tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
+            suffix="out.avi", delete=False
+        ) as tmp_not_playable_vid:
+            shutil.copy(
+                str(test_file_dir / "bad_video_sample.mp4"),
+                tmp_not_playable_vid.name,
+            )
+            assert processing_utils.video_is_playable(tmp_not_playable_vid.name)
 
     def test_convert_video_to_playable_mp4(self, test_file_dir):
         with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
diff --git a/test/test_routes.py b/test/test_routes.py
index daef41cf38..bd1a4e4fea 100644
--- a/test/test_routes.py
+++ b/test/test_routes.py
@@ -56,9 +56,8 @@ class TestRoutes:
         assert response.status_code == 200
 
     def test_upload_path(self, test_client):
-        response = test_client.post(
-            "/upload", files={"files": open("test/test_files/alphabet.txt", "r")}
-        )
+        with open("test/test_files/alphabet.txt") as f:
+            response = test_client.post("/upload", files={"files": f})
         assert response.status_code == 200
         file = response.json()[0]
         assert "alphabet" in file
@@ -72,9 +71,8 @@ class TestRoutes:
         app, _, _ = io.launch(prevent_thread_lock=True)
         test_client = TestClient(app)
         try:
-            response = test_client.post(
-                "/upload", files={"files": open("test/test_files/alphabet.txt", "r")}
-            )
+            with open("test/test_files/alphabet.txt") as f:
+                response = test_client.post("/upload", files={"files": f})
             assert response.status_code == 200
             file = response.json()[0]
             assert "alphabet" in file
@@ -399,8 +397,7 @@ class TestRoutes:
 class TestGeneratorRoutes:
     def test_generator(self):
         def generator(string):
-            for char in string:
-                yield char
+            yield from string
 
         io = Interface(generator, "text", "text")
         app, _, _ = io.queue().launch(prevent_thread_lock=True)
diff --git a/test/test_utils.py b/test/test_utils.py
index 0cd909f6ed..316f91f3d9 100644
--- a/test/test_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_utils.py
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ class TestRequest:
             name: str
             job: str
             id: str
-            createdAt: str
+            createdAt: str  # noqa: N815
 
         client_response: AsyncRequest = await AsyncRequest(
             method=AsyncRequest.Method.POST,
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ async def test_validate_with_model(respx_mock):
         name: str
         job: str
         id: str
-        createdAt: str
+        createdAt: str  # noqa: N815
 
     client_response: AsyncRequest = await AsyncRequest(
         method=AsyncRequest.Method.POST,
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ async def test_validate_and_fail_with_model(respx_mock):
 @mock.patch("gradio.utils.AsyncRequest._validate_response_data")
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_exception_type(validate_response_data, respx_mock):
-    class ResponseValidationException(Exception):
+    class ResponseValidationError(Exception):
         message = "Response object is not valid."
 
     validate_response_data.side_effect = Exception()
@@ -479,9 +479,9 @@ async def test_exception_type(validate_response_data, respx_mock):
     client_response: AsyncRequest = await AsyncRequest(
         method=AsyncRequest.Method.GET,
         url=MOCK_REQUEST_URL,
-        exception_type=ResponseValidationException,
+        exception_type=ResponseValidationError,
     )
-    assert isinstance(client_response.exception, ResponseValidationException)
+    assert isinstance(client_response.exception, ResponseValidationError)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -511,9 +511,8 @@ async def test_validate_with_function(respx_mock):
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_validate_and_fail_with_function(respx_mock):
     def has_name(response):
-        if response["name"] is not None:
-            if response["name"] == "Alex":
-                return response
+        if response["name"] is not None and response["name"] == "Alex":
+            return response
         raise Exception
 
     respx_mock.post(MOCK_REQUEST_URL).mock(make_mock_response({"name": "morpheus"}))