We aim to make the C# API reflection-free, mainly for concerns about
performance, and to be able to target NativeAOT in refletion-free mode,
which reduces the binary size.
One of the main usages of reflection still left was the dynamic
invokation of callable delegates, and for some time I wasn't sure
I would find an alternative solution that I'd be happy with.
The new solution uses trampoline functions to invoke the delegates:
```
static void Trampoline(object delegateObj, NativeVariantPtrArgs args, out godot_variant ret)
{
if (args.Count != 1)
throw new ArgumentException($"Callable expected 1 arguments but received {args.Count}.");
string res = ((Func<int, string>)delegateObj)(
VariantConversionCallbacks.GetToManagedCallback<int>()(args[0])
);
ret = VariantConversionCallbacks.GetToVariantCallback<string>()(res);
}
Callable.CreateWithUnsafeTrampoline((int num) => "Foo" + num, &Trampoline);
```
Of course, this is too much boilerplate for user code. To improve this,
the `Callable.From` methods were added. These are overloads that take
`Action` and `Func` delegates, which covers the most common use cases:
lambdas and method groups:
```
// Lambda
Callable.From((int num) => "Foo" + num);
// Method group
string AppendNum(int num) => "Foo" + num;
Callable.From(AppendNum);
```
Unfortunately, due to limitations in the C# language, implicit
conversions from delegates to `Callable` are not supported.
`Callable.From` does not support custom delegates. These should be
uncommon, but the Godot C# API actually uses them for event signals.
As such, the bindings generator was updated to generate trampoline
functions for event signals. It was also optimized to use `Action`
instead of a custom delegate for parameterless signals, which removes
the need for the trampoline functions for those signals.
The change to reflection-free invokation removes one of the last needs
for `ConvertVariantToManagedObjectOfType`. The only remaining usage is
from calling script constructors with parameters from the engine
(`CreateManagedForGodotObjectScriptInstance`). Once that one is made
reflection-free, `ConvertVariantToManagedObjectOfType` can be removed.
If the delegate target is an Object, the connected signal will be registered in that object instead of the middleman. So when that object is destroyed, the signal will be properly disconnected.
Scripts that are instantiated at some point will always be recreated
if they ever become placeholders to prevent non-tool scripts
instantiated manually by users to become placeholders, if they
do become placeholders due to errors that prevent instantiation
(such as a missing parameterless constructor) these scripts
will also be recreated replacing the temporary placeholder.
If a script is marked as a tool but becomes a non-tool script
in a rebuild, the script will become a placeholder and will
no longer be considered applicable to be replaced by an instance
since the user explicitly removed the Tool attribute.
Vector4 and Vector4i were implemented incorrectly in godot_variant.
They were also missing their respective Variant conversion callbacks
(used for generic collections).
Took the chance to remove unnecessary native calls for creating
Variant from Vector4, as now it can be done from C# (which is faster).
- Use different syntax for object printing to avoid confusion with arrays.
- Print null as `<null>` to avoid confusion with a string `"null"`.
- Display `<empty>` in editor resource pickers to avoid confusion
with array-based properties.
- Replace `IndexOutOfRangeException` with `ArgumentOutOfRangeException`
- Replace `Exception` with a more specific exception
- Add the parameter name to argument exception
- Update documentation for methods that throw exceptions
- Use `StringBuilder` to build exception messages
- Ensure exception messages end with a period
- Remove event as a valid target of `SignalAttribute`
- Stop adding the `[Signal]` attribute to events in bindings_generator
- Make bindings_generator use the `EventHandler` suffix to be consistent with the C# source generator
- Remove obsolete comment about the signal's delegate name
- MustBeVariant attribute can be used to enforce that generic types must
be a marshable from/to Variant.
- Also renames all diagnostic ids to be valid unicode identifiers.
