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2002-10-07 Jonathan Wakely <jw@kayari.org> * docs/html/configopts.html, docs/html/documentation.html, docs/html/explanations.html, docs/html/install.html, docs/html/17_intro/contribute.html, docs/html/17_intro/howto.html, docs/html/17_intro/license.html, docs/html/18_support/howto.html, docs/html/19_diagnostics/howto.html, docs/html/20_util/howto.html, docs/html/21_strings/howto.html, docs/html/22_locale/codecvt.html, docs/html/22_locale/ctype.html, docs/html/22_locale/howto.html, docs/html/22_locale/locale.html, docs/html/22_locale/messages.html, docs/html/23_containers/howto.html, docs/html/24_iterators/howto.html, docs/html/25_algorithms/howto.html, docs/html/26_numerics/howto.html, docs/html/27_io/howto.html, docs/html/ext/howto.html, docs/html/ext/sgiexts.html, docs/html/faq/index.html: Add DOCTYPEs. From-SVN: r57903
189 lines
6.8 KiB
HTML
189 lines
6.8 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html
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PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
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<meta name="AUTHOR" content="pme@gcc.gnu.org (Phil Edwards)" />
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<meta name="KEYWORDS" content="HOWTO, libstdc++, GCC, g++, libg++, STL" />
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<meta name="DESCRIPTION" content="HOWTO for the libstdc++ chapter 19." />
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="vi and eight fingers" />
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<title>libstdc++-v3 HOWTO: Chapter 19</title>
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<link rel="StyleSheet" href="../lib3styles.css" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1 class="centered"><a name="top">Chapter 19: Diagnostics</a></h1>
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<p>Chapter 19 deals with program diagnostics, such as exceptions
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and assertions. You know, all the things we wish weren't even
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necessary at all.
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</p>
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<!-- ####################################################### -->
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<hr />
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<h1>Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#1">Adding data to exceptions</a></li>
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<li><a href="#2">Exception class hierarchy diagram</a></li>
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<li><a href="#3">Concept checkers -- <strong>new and improved!</strong></a></li>
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<li><a href="#4">Verbose <code>terminate</code></a></li>
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</ul>
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<hr />
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<!-- ####################################################### -->
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<h2><a name="1">Adding data to exceptions</a></h2>
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<p>The standard exception classes carry with them a single string as
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data (usually describing what went wrong or where the 'throw' took
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place). It's good to remember that you can add your own data to
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these exceptions when extending the hierarchy:
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</p>
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<pre>
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struct My_Exception : public std::runtime_error
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{
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public:
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My_Exception (const string& whatarg)
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: std::runtime_error(whatarg), e(errno), id(GetDataBaseID()) { }
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int errno_at_time_of_throw() const { return e; }
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DBID id_of_thing_that_threw() const { return id; }
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protected:
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int e;
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DBID id; // some user-defined type
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};
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</pre>
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<p>Return <a href="#top">to top of page</a> or
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<a href="../faq/index.html">to the FAQ</a>.
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a name="2">Exception class hierarchy diagram</a></h2>
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<p>At one point we were going to make up a PDF of the exceptions
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hierarchy, akin to the one done for the I/O class hierarchy.
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Time was our enemy. Since then we've moved to Doxygen, which has
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the useful property of not sucking. Specifically, when the source
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code is changed, the diagrams are automatically brought up to date.
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For the old way, we had to update the diagrams separately.
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</p>
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<p>There are several links to the Doxygen-generated pages from
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<a href="../documentation.html">here</a>.
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</p>
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<p>Return <a href="#top">to top of page</a> or
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<a href="../faq/index.html">to the FAQ</a>.
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a name="3">Concept checkers -- <strong>new and improved!</strong></a></h2>
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<p>Better taste! Less fat! Literally!</p>
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<p>In 1999, SGI added <em>concept checkers</em> to their implementation
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of the STL: code which checked the template parameters of
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instantiated pieces of the STL, in order to insure that the parameters
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being used met the requirements of the standard. For example,
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the Standard requires that types passed as template parameters to
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<code>vector</code> be "Assignable" (which means what you think
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it means). The checking was done during compilation, and none of
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the code was executed at runtime.
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</p>
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<p>Unfortunately, the size of the compiler files grew significantly
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as a result. The checking code itself was cumbersome. And bugs
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were found in it on more than one occasion.
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</p>
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<p>The primary author of the checking code, Jeremy Siek, had already
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started work on a replacement implementation. The new code has been
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formally reviewed and accepted into
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<a href="http://www.boost.org/libs/concept_check/concept_check.htm">the
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Boost libraries</a>, and we are pleased to incorporate it into the
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GNU C++ library.
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</p>
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<p>The new version imposes a much smaller space overhead on the generated
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object file. The checks are also cleaner and easier to read and
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understand.
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</p>
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<p>For GCC 3.0 and 3.1 they are off by default. They can be enabled at
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configure time with
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<a href="../configopts.html"><code>--enable-concept-checks</code></a>.
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For 3.1 you can instead #define _GLIBCPP_CONCEPT_CHECKS to enable them
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on a per-translation-unit basis.
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</p>
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<p>Return <a href="#top">to top of page</a> or
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<a href="../faq/index.html">to the FAQ</a>.
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h2><a name="4">Verbose <code>terminate</code></a></h2>
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<p>If you are having difficulty with uncaught exceptions and want a
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little bit of help debugging the causes of the core dumps, you can
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make use of a GNU extension in GCC 3.1 and later:
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</p>
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<pre>
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#include <exception>
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int main()
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{
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std::set_terminate (__gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler);
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...
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throw <em>anything</em>;
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}</pre>
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<p>The <code> __verbose_terminate_handler </code> function obtains the name
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of the current exception, attempts to demangle it, and prints it to
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stderr. If the exception is derived from <code> std::exception </code>
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then the output from <code>what()</code> will be included.
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</p>
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<p>Any replacement termination function is required to kill the program
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without returning; this one calls abort.
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</p>
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<p>For example:
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</p>
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<pre>
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#include <exception>
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#include <stdexcept>
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struct BLARGH : std::runtime_error
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{
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BLARGH (const string& whatarg)
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: std::runtime_error(whatarg) { }
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};
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int main (int argc)
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{
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std::set_terminate (__gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler);
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if (argc > 5)
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throw BLARGH("argc is greater than 5!");
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else
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throw argc;
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}</pre>
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<p>In GCC 3.1 and later, this gives
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</p>
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<pre>
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% ./a.out
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terminate called after throwing a `int'
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Aborted
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% ./a.out f f f f f f f f f f f
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terminate called after throwing a `BLARGH'
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what(): argc is greater than 5!
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Aborted
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%</pre>
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<p>The 'Aborted' line comes from the call to abort(), of course.
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</p>
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<p>Return <a href="#top">to top of page</a> or
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<a href="../faq/index.html">to the FAQ</a>.
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</p>
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<!-- ####################################################### -->
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<hr />
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<p class="fineprint"><em>
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See <a href="../17_intro/license.html">license.html</a> for copying conditions.
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Comments and suggestions are welcome, and may be sent to
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<a href="mailto:libstdc++@gcc.gnu.org">the libstdc++ mailing list</a>.
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</em></p>
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</body>
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</html>
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