gcc/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_threads.h

// Threading support -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
// with this library; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
// Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
// USA.

// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
// library without restriction.  Specifically, if other files instantiate
// templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
// this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this
// file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
// the GNU General Public License.  This exception does not however
// invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
// the GNU General Public License.

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997-1999
 * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
 * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
 * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
 * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
 * in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
 * representations about the suitability of this software for any
 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
 */

// WARNING: This is an internal header file, included by other C++
// standard library headers.  You should not attempt to use this header
// file directly.
// Stl_config.h should be included before this file.

#ifndef __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_THREADS_H
#define __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_THREADS_H

// Supported threading models are native SGI, pthreads, uithreads
// (similar to pthreads, but based on an earlier draft of the Posix
// threads standard), and Win32 threads.  Uithread support by Jochen
// Schlick, 1999.

// GCC extension begin
// In order to present a stable threading configuration, in all cases,
// gcc looks for it's own abstraction layer before all others.  All
// modifications to this file are marked to allow easier importation of
// STL upgrades.
#if defined(__STL_GTHREADS)
#include "bits/gthr.h"
#else
// GCC extension end
#if defined(__STL_SGI_THREADS)
#include <mutex.h>
#include <time.h>
#elif defined(__STL_PTHREADS)
#include <pthread.h>
#elif defined(__STL_UITHREADS)
#include <thread.h>
#include <synch.h>
#elif defined(__STL_WIN32THREADS)
#include <windows.h>
#endif
// GCC extension begin
#endif
// GCC extension end

namespace std
{

// Class _Refcount_Base provides a type, _RC_t, a data member,
// _M_ref_count, and member functions _M_incr and _M_decr, which perform
// atomic preincrement/predecrement.  The constructor initializes 
// _M_ref_count.

// Hack for SGI o32 compilers.
#if defined(__STL_SGI_THREADS) && !defined(__add_and_fetch) && \
    (__mips < 3 || !(defined (_ABIN32) || defined(_ABI64)))
#  define __add_and_fetch(__l,__v) add_then_test((unsigned long*)__l,__v)  
#  define __test_and_set(__l,__v)  test_and_set(__l,__v)
#endif /* o32 */

struct _Refcount_Base
{
  // The type _RC_t
# ifdef __STL_WIN32THREADS
  typedef long _RC_t;
# else
  typedef size_t _RC_t;
#endif
  
  // The data member _M_ref_count
   volatile _RC_t _M_ref_count;

  // Constructor
// GCC extension begin
#ifdef __STL_GTHREADS
  __gthread_mutex_t _M_ref_count_lock;
  _Refcount_Base(_RC_t __n) : _M_ref_count(__n)
    {
#ifdef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
      __gthread_mutex_t __tmp = __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT;
      _M_ref_count_lock = __tmp;
#elif defined(__GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION)
      __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION (&_M_ref_count_lock);
#else
#error __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT or __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION should be defined by gthr.h abstraction layer, report problem to libstdc++@gcc.gnu.org.
#endif
    }
#else
// GCC extension end
# ifdef __STL_PTHREADS
  pthread_mutex_t _M_ref_count_lock;
  _Refcount_Base(_RC_t __n) : _M_ref_count(__n)
    { pthread_mutex_init(&_M_ref_count_lock, 0); }
# elif defined(__STL_UITHREADS)
  mutex_t         _M_ref_count_lock;
  _Refcount_Base(_RC_t __n) : _M_ref_count(__n)
    { mutex_init(&_M_ref_count_lock, USYNC_THREAD, 0); }
# else
  _Refcount_Base(_RC_t __n) : _M_ref_count(__n) {}
# endif
// GCC extension begin
#endif
// GCC extension end

// GCC extension begin
#ifdef __STL_GTHREADS
  void _M_incr() {
    __gthread_mutex_lock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
    ++_M_ref_count;
    __gthread_mutex_unlock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
  }
  _RC_t _M_decr() {
    __gthread_mutex_lock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
    volatile _RC_t __tmp = --_M_ref_count;
    __gthread_mutex_unlock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
    return __tmp;
  }
#else
// GCC extension end
  // _M_incr and _M_decr
# ifdef __STL_SGI_THREADS
  void _M_incr() {  __add_and_fetch(&_M_ref_count, 1); }
  _RC_t _M_decr() { return __add_and_fetch(&_M_ref_count, (size_t) -1); }
# elif defined (__STL_WIN32THREADS)
   void _M_incr() { InterlockedIncrement((_RC_t*)&_M_ref_count); }
  _RC_t _M_decr() { return InterlockedDecrement((_RC_t*)&_M_ref_count); }
# elif defined(__STL_PTHREADS)
  void _M_incr() {
    pthread_mutex_lock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
    ++_M_ref_count;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
  }
  _RC_t _M_decr() {
    pthread_mutex_lock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
    volatile _RC_t __tmp = --_M_ref_count;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
    return __tmp;
  }
# elif defined(__STL_UITHREADS)
  void _M_incr() {
    mutex_lock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
    ++_M_ref_count;
    mutex_unlock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
  }
  _RC_t _M_decr() {
    mutex_lock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
    /*volatile*/ _RC_t __tmp = --_M_ref_count;
    mutex_unlock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
    return __tmp;
  }
# else  /* No threads */
  void _M_incr() { ++_M_ref_count; }
  _RC_t _M_decr() { return --_M_ref_count; }
# endif
// GCC extension begin
#endif
// GCC extension end
};

// Atomic swap on unsigned long
// This is guaranteed to behave as though it were atomic only if all
// possibly concurrent updates use _Atomic_swap.
// In some cases the operation is emulated with a lock.
// GCC extension begin
#ifdef __STL_GTHREADS
// We don't provide an _Atomic_swap in this configuration.  This only
// affects the use of ext/rope with threads.  Someone could add this
// later, if required.  You can start by cloning the __STL_PTHREADS
// path while making the obvious changes.  Later it could be optimized
// to use the atomicity.h abstraction layer from libstdc++-v3.
#else
// GCC extension end
# ifdef __STL_SGI_THREADS
    inline unsigned long _Atomic_swap(unsigned long * __p, unsigned long __q) {
#       if __mips < 3 || !(defined (_ABIN32) || defined(_ABI64))
            return test_and_set(__p, __q);
#       else
            return __test_and_set(__p, (unsigned long)__q);
#       endif
    }
# elif defined(__STL_WIN32THREADS)
    inline unsigned long _Atomic_swap(unsigned long * __p, unsigned long __q) {
        return (unsigned long) InterlockedExchange((LPLONG)__p, (LONG)__q);
    }
# elif defined(__STL_PTHREADS)
    // We use a template here only to get a unique initialized instance.
    template<int __dummy>
    struct _Swap_lock_struct {
        static pthread_mutex_t _S_swap_lock;
    };

    template<int __dummy>
    pthread_mutex_t
    _Swap_lock_struct<__dummy>::_S_swap_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

    // This should be portable, but performance is expected
    // to be quite awful.  This really needs platform specific
    // code.
    inline unsigned long _Atomic_swap(unsigned long * __p, unsigned long __q) {
        pthread_mutex_lock(&_Swap_lock_struct<0>::_S_swap_lock);
        unsigned long __result = *__p;
        *__p = __q;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&_Swap_lock_struct<0>::_S_swap_lock);
        return __result;
    }
# elif defined(__STL_UITHREADS)
    // We use a template here only to get a unique initialized instance.
    template<int __dummy>
    struct _Swap_lock_struct {
        static mutex_t _S_swap_lock;
    };

    template<int __dummy>
    mutex_t
    _Swap_lock_struct<__dummy>::_S_swap_lock = DEFAULTMUTEX;

    // This should be portable, but performance is expected
    // to be quite awful.  This really needs platform specific
    // code.
    inline unsigned long _Atomic_swap(unsigned long * __p, unsigned long __q) {
        mutex_lock(&_Swap_lock_struct<0>::_S_swap_lock);
        unsigned long __result = *__p;
        *__p = __q;
        mutex_unlock(&_Swap_lock_struct<0>::_S_swap_lock);
        return __result;
    }
# elif defined (__STL_SOLARIS_THREADS)
    // any better solutions ?
    // We use a template here only to get a unique initialized instance.
    template<int __dummy>
    struct _Swap_lock_struct {
        static mutex_t _S_swap_lock;
    };

# if ( __STL_STATIC_TEMPLATE_DATA > 0 )
    template<int __dummy>
    mutex_t
    _Swap_lock_struct<__dummy>::_S_swap_lock = DEFAULTMUTEX;
#  else
    __DECLARE_INSTANCE(mutex_t, _Swap_lock_struct<__dummy>::_S_swap_lock, 
                       =DEFAULTMUTEX);
# endif /* ( __STL_STATIC_TEMPLATE_DATA > 0 ) */

    // This should be portable, but performance is expected
    // to be quite awful.  This really needs platform specific
    // code.
    inline unsigned long _Atomic_swap(unsigned long * __p, unsigned long __q) {
        mutex_lock(&_Swap_lock_struct<0>::_S_swap_lock);
        unsigned long __result = *__p;
        *__p = __q;
        mutex_unlock(&_Swap_lock_struct<0>::_S_swap_lock);
        return __result;
    }
# else
    static inline unsigned long _Atomic_swap(unsigned long * __p, unsigned long __q) {
        unsigned long __result = *__p;
        *__p = __q;
        return __result;
    }
# endif
// GCC extension begin
#endif
// GCC extension end

// Locking class.  Note that this class *does not have a constructor*.
// It must be initialized either statically, with __STL_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
// or dynamically, by explicitly calling the _M_initialize member function.
// (This is similar to the ways that a pthreads mutex can be initialized.)
// There are explicit member functions for acquiring and releasing the lock.

// There is no constructor because static initialization is essential for
// some uses, and only a class aggregate (see section 8.5.1 of the C++
// standard) can be initialized that way.  That means we must have no
// constructors, no base classes, no virtual functions, and no private or
// protected members.

// Helper struct.  This is a workaround for various compilers that don't
// handle static variables in inline functions properly.
template <int __inst>
struct _STL_mutex_spin {
  enum { __low_max = 30, __high_max = 1000 };
  // Low if we suspect uniprocessor, high for multiprocessor.

  static unsigned __max;
  static unsigned __last;
};

template <int __inst>
unsigned _STL_mutex_spin<__inst>::__max = _STL_mutex_spin<__inst>::__low_max;

template <int __inst>
unsigned _STL_mutex_spin<__inst>::__last = 0;

// GCC extension begin
#if defined(__STL_GTHREADS)
#if !defined(__GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT) && defined(__GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION)
extern __gthread_mutex_t _GLIBCPP_mutex;
extern __gthread_mutex_t *_GLIBCPP_mutex_address;
extern __gthread_once_t _GLIBCPP_once;
extern void _GLIBCPP_mutex_init (void);
extern void _GLIBCPP_mutex_address_init (void);
#endif
#endif
// GCC extension end

struct _STL_mutex_lock
{
// GCC extension begin
#if defined(__STL_GTHREADS)
  // The class must be statically initialized with __STL_MUTEX_INITIALIZER.
#if !defined(__GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT) && defined(__GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION)
  volatile int _M_init_flag;
  __gthread_once_t _M_once;
#endif
  __gthread_mutex_t _M_lock;
  void _M_initialize() {
#ifdef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
    // There should be no code in this path given the usage rules above.
#elif defined(__GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION)
    if (_M_init_flag) return;
    if (__gthread_once (&_GLIBCPP_once, _GLIBCPP_mutex_init) != 0
        && __gthread_active_p ())
      abort ();
    __gthread_mutex_lock (&_GLIBCPP_mutex);
    if (!_M_init_flag) {
	// Even though we have a global lock, we use __gthread_once to be
	// absolutely certain the _M_lock mutex is only initialized once on
	// multiprocessor systems.
	_GLIBCPP_mutex_address = &_M_lock;
	if (__gthread_once (&_M_once, _GLIBCPP_mutex_address_init) != 0
	    && __gthread_active_p ())
	  abort ();
	_M_init_flag = 1;
    }
    __gthread_mutex_unlock (&_GLIBCPP_mutex);
#endif
  }
  void _M_acquire_lock() {
#if !defined(__GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT) && defined(__GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION)
    if (!_M_init_flag) _M_initialize();
#endif
    __gthread_mutex_lock(&_M_lock);
  }
  void _M_release_lock() {
#if !defined(__GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT) && defined(__GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION)
    if (!_M_init_flag) _M_initialize();
#endif
    __gthread_mutex_unlock(&_M_lock);
  }
#else
// GCC extension end
#if defined(__STL_SGI_THREADS) || defined(__STL_WIN32THREADS)
  // It should be relatively easy to get this to work on any modern Unix.
  volatile unsigned long _M_lock;
  void _M_initialize() { _M_lock = 0; }
  static void _S_nsec_sleep(int __log_nsec) {
#     ifdef __STL_SGI_THREADS
          struct timespec __ts;
          /* Max sleep is 2**27nsec ~ 60msec      */
          __ts.tv_sec = 0;
          __ts.tv_nsec = 1L << __log_nsec;
          nanosleep(&__ts, 0);
#     elif defined(__STL_WIN32THREADS)
          if (__log_nsec <= 20) {
              Sleep(0);
          } else {
              Sleep(1 << (__log_nsec - 20));
          }
#     else
#       error unimplemented
#     endif
  }
  void _M_acquire_lock() {
    volatile unsigned long* __lock = &this->_M_lock;

    if (!_Atomic_swap((unsigned long*)__lock, 1)) {
      return;
    }
    unsigned __my_spin_max = _STL_mutex_spin<0>::__max;
    unsigned __my_last_spins = _STL_mutex_spin<0>::__last;
    volatile unsigned __junk = 17;      // Value doesn't matter.
    unsigned __i;
    for (__i = 0; __i < __my_spin_max; __i++) {
      if (__i < __my_last_spins/2 || *__lock) {
        __junk *= __junk; __junk *= __junk;
        __junk *= __junk; __junk *= __junk;
        continue;
      }
      if (!_Atomic_swap((unsigned long*)__lock, 1)) {
        // got it!
        // Spinning worked.  Thus we're probably not being scheduled
        // against the other process with which we were contending.
        // Thus it makes sense to spin longer the next time.
        _STL_mutex_spin<0>::__last = __i;
        _STL_mutex_spin<0>::__max = _STL_mutex_spin<0>::__high_max;
        return;
      }
    }
    // We are probably being scheduled against the other process.  Sleep.
    _STL_mutex_spin<0>::__max = _STL_mutex_spin<0>::__low_max;
    for (__i = 0 ;; ++__i) {
      int __log_nsec = __i + 6;

      if (__log_nsec > 27) __log_nsec = 27;
      if (!_Atomic_swap((unsigned long *)__lock, 1)) {
        return;
      }
      _S_nsec_sleep(__log_nsec);
    }
  }
  void _M_release_lock() {
    volatile unsigned long* __lock = &_M_lock;
#   if defined(__STL_SGI_THREADS) && defined(__GNUC__) && __mips >= 3
        asm("sync");
        *__lock = 0;
#   elif defined(__STL_SGI_THREADS) && __mips >= 3 \
         && (defined (_ABIN32) || defined(_ABI64))
        __lock_release(__lock);
#   else 
        *__lock = 0;
        // This is not sufficient on many multiprocessors, since
        // writes to protected variables and the lock may be reordered.
#   endif
  }

// We no longer use win32 critical sections.
// They appear to be slower in the contention-free case,
// and they appear difficult to initialize without introducing a race.

#elif defined(__STL_PTHREADS)
  pthread_mutex_t _M_lock;
  void _M_initialize()   { pthread_mutex_init(&_M_lock, NULL); }
  void _M_acquire_lock() { pthread_mutex_lock(&_M_lock); }
  void _M_release_lock() { pthread_mutex_unlock(&_M_lock); }
#elif defined(__STL_UITHREADS)
  mutex_t _M_lock;
  void _M_initialize()   { mutex_init(&_M_lock, USYNC_THREAD, 0); }
  void _M_acquire_lock() { mutex_lock(&_M_lock); }
  void _M_release_lock() { mutex_unlock(&_M_lock); }
#else /* No threads */
  void _M_initialize()   {}
  void _M_acquire_lock() {}
  void _M_release_lock() {}
#endif
// GCC extension begin
#endif
// GCC extension end
};

// GCC extension begin
#if defined(__STL_GTHREADS)
#ifdef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
#define __STL_MUTEX_INITIALIZER = { __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT }
#elif defined(__GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION)
#ifdef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_DEFAULT
#define __STL_MUTEX_INITIALIZER \
  = { 0, __GTHREAD_ONCE_INIT, __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_DEFAULT }
#else
#define __STL_MUTEX_INITIALIZER = { 0, __GTHREAD_ONCE_INIT }
#endif
#endif
#else
// GCC extension end
#ifdef __STL_PTHREADS
// Pthreads locks must be statically initialized to something other than
// the default value of zero.
#   define __STL_MUTEX_INITIALIZER = { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER }
#elif defined(__STL_UITHREADS)
// UIthreads locks must be statically initialized to something other than
// the default value of zero.
#   define __STL_MUTEX_INITIALIZER = { DEFAULTMUTEX }
#elif defined(__STL_SGI_THREADS) || defined(__STL_WIN32THREADS)
#   define __STL_MUTEX_INITIALIZER = { 0 }
#else
#   define __STL_MUTEX_INITIALIZER
#endif
// GCC extension begin
#endif
// GCC extension end


// A locking class that uses _STL_mutex_lock.  The constructor takes a
// reference to an _STL_mutex_lock, and acquires a lock.  The
// destructor releases the lock.  It's not clear that this is exactly
// the right functionality.  It will probably change in the future.

struct _STL_auto_lock
{
  _STL_mutex_lock& _M_lock;
  
  _STL_auto_lock(_STL_mutex_lock& __lock) : _M_lock(__lock)
    { _M_lock._M_acquire_lock(); }
  ~_STL_auto_lock() { _M_lock._M_release_lock(); }

private:
  void operator=(const _STL_auto_lock&);
  _STL_auto_lock(const _STL_auto_lock&);
};

} // namespace std

#endif /* __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_THREADS_H */

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// mode:C++
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