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ada: Adjust runtime library and User's Guide to PIE default on Linux
gcc/ada/ * libgnat/g-traceb.ads: Minor tweaks in the commentary. (Executable_Load_Address): New function. * doc/gnat_ugn/gnat_and_program_execution.rst (Non-Symbolic Traceback): Adjust to PIE default on Linux. (Symbolic Traceback): Likewise. * doc/gnat_ugn/gnat_utility_programs.rst (gnatsymbolize): Likewise. * gnat_ugn.texi: Regenerate.
This commit is contained in:
Eric Botcazou
Marc Poulhiès
parent
81885f5cca
commit
be7ea14551
@ -859,16 +859,18 @@ bug occurs, and then be able to retrieve the sequence of calls with the same
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program compiled with debug information.
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However the ``addr2line`` tool does not work with Position-Independent Code
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(PIC), the historical example being Windows DLLs, which nowadays encompasses
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Position-Independent Executables (PIE) on recent Windows versions.
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(PIC), the historical example being Linux dynamic libraries and Windows DLLs,
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which nowadays encompasse Position-Independent Executables (PIE) on recent
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Linux and Windows versions.
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In order to translate addresses into the source lines with Position-Independent
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Executables on recent Windows versions, in other words without using the switch
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:switch:`-no-pie` during linking, you need to use the ``gnatsymbolize`` tool
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with :switch:`--load` instead of the ``addr2line`` tool. The main difference
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is that you need to copy the Load Address output in the traceback ahead of the
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sequence of addresses. And the default mode of ``gnatsymbolize`` is equivalent
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to that of ``addr2line`` with the above switches, so none of them is needed::
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In order to translate addresses the source lines with Position-Independent
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Executables on recent Linux and Windows versions, in other words without
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using the switch :switch:`-no-pie` during linking, you need to use the
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``gnatsymbolize`` tool with :switch:`--load` instead of the ``addr2line``
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tool. The main difference is that you need to copy the Load Address output
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in the traceback ahead of the sequence of addresses. And the default mode
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of ``gnatsymbolize`` is equivalent to that of ``addr2line`` with the above
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switches, so none of them is needed::
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$ gnatmake stb -g -bargs -E
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$ stb
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@ -879,7 +881,7 @@ to that of ``addr2line`` with the above switches, so none of them is needed::
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Call stack traceback locations:
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0x401373 0x40138b 0x40139c 0x401335 0x4011c4 0x4011f1 0x77e892a4
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$ gnatsymbolize --load stb 0x400000 0x401373 0x40138b 0x40139c 0x401335
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$ gnatsymbolize --load stb 0x400000 0x401373 0x40138b 0x40139c 0x401335 \
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0x4011c4 0x4011f1 0x77e892a4
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0x00401373 Stb.P1 at stb.adb:5
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@ -957,12 +959,17 @@ addresses to strings:
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with Ada.Text_IO;
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with GNAT.Traceback;
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with GNAT.Debug_Utilities;
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with System;
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procedure STB is
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use Ada;
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use Ada.Text_IO;
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use GNAT;
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use GNAT.Traceback;
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use System;
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LA : constant Address := Executable_Load_Address;
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procedure P1 is
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TB : Tracebacks_Array (1 .. 10);
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@ -972,14 +979,14 @@ addresses to strings:
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begin
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Call_Chain (TB, Len);
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Text_IO.Put ("In STB.P1 : ");
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Put ("In STB.P1 : ");
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for K in 1 .. Len loop
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Text_IO.Put (Debug_Utilities.Image (TB (K)));
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Text_IO.Put (' ');
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Put (Debug_Utilities.Image_C (TB (K)));
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Put (' ');
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end loop;
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Text_IO.New_Line;
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New_Line;
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end P1;
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procedure P2 is
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@ -988,6 +995,10 @@ addresses to strings:
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end P2;
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begin
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if LA /= Null_Address then
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Put_Line ("Load address: " & Debug_Utilities.Image_C (LA));
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end if;
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P2;
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end STB;
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@ -996,8 +1007,9 @@ addresses to strings:
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$ gnatmake stb -g
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$ stb
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In STB.P1 : 16#0040_F1E4# 16#0040_14F2# 16#0040_170B# 16#0040_171C#
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16#0040_1461# 16#0040_11C4# 16#0040_11F1# 16#77E8_92A4#
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Load address: 0x400000
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In STB.P1 : 0x40F1E4 0x4014F2 0x40170B 0x40171C 0x401461 0x4011C4 \
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0x4011F1 0x77E892A4
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You can then get further information by invoking the ``addr2line`` tool or
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@ -2187,30 +2187,32 @@ building specialized scripts.
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This program, when built and run, prints a list of addresses which
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correspond to the traceback when inside function ``Call_Me_Third``.
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For instance, on x86_64 GNU/Linux:
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For instance, on x86-64 GNU/Linux:
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::
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$ gnatmake -g -q foo.adb
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$ ./foo
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0x0000000000402561
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0x00000000004025EF
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0x00000000004025FB
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0x0000000000402611
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0x00000000004024C7
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Load address: 0x00005586C9D7D000
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0x00005586C9D81105
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0x00005586C9D8119B
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0x00005586C9D811A7
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0x00005586C9D8128C
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0x00005586C9D81069
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``gnatsymbolize`` can be used to translate those addresses into
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code locations as follow:
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::
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$ gnatsymbolize foo 0x0000000000402561 0x00000000004025EF \
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0x00000000004025FB 0x0000000000402611 0x00000000004024C7
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Pck.Call_Me_Third at pck.adb:12
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Pck.Call_Me_Second at pck.adb:20
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Pck.Call_Me_First at pck.adb:25
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Foo at foo.adb:6
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Main at b~foo.adb:184
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$ gnatsymbolize --load foo 0x00005586C9D7D000 0x00005586C9D81105 \
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0x00005586C9D8119B 0x00005586C9D811A7 0x00005586C9D8128C \
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0x00005586C9D81069
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0x5586c9d81105 Pck.Call_Me_Third at pck.adb:12
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0x5586c9d8119b Pck.Call_Me_Second at pck.adb:20
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0x5586c9d811a7 Pck.Call_Me_First at pck.adb:25
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0x5586c9d8128c Foo at foo.adb:6
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0x5586c9d81069 Main at b~foo.adb:199
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Switches for ``gnatsymbolize``
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------------------------------
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@ -2243,7 +2245,7 @@ building specialized scripts.
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:switch:`--load`
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Interpret the first address as the load address of the executable.
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This is needed for position-independent executables on Windows.
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This is needed for position-independent executables on Linux and Windows.
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Requirements for Correct Operation
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----------------------------------
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@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
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@copying
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@quotation
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GNAT User's Guide for Native Platforms , Nov 18, 2022
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GNAT User's Guide for Native Platforms , Nov 28, 2022
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AdaCore
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@ -11100,7 +11100,7 @@ of the pragma @code{Restriction_Warnings}.
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`[warning-as-error]'
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Used to tag warning messages that have been converted to error messages by
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use of the pragma Warning_As_Error. Note that such warnings are prefixed by
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the string “error: “ rather than “warning: “.
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the string “error: ” rather than “warning: “.
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@item
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`[enabled by default]'
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@ -19128,16 +19128,18 @@ bug occurs, and then be able to retrieve the sequence of calls with the same
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program compiled with debug information.
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However the @code{addr2line} tool does not work with Position-Independent Code
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(PIC), the historical example being Windows DLLs, which nowadays encompasses
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Position-Independent Executables (PIE) on recent Windows versions.
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(PIC), the historical example being Linux dynamic libraries and Windows DLLs,
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which nowadays encompasse Position-Independent Executables (PIE) on recent
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Linux and Windows versions.
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In order to translate addresses into the source lines with Position-Independent
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Executables on recent Windows versions, in other words without using the switch
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@code{-no-pie} during linking, you need to use the @code{gnatsymbolize} tool
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with @code{--load} instead of the @code{addr2line} tool. The main difference
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is that you need to copy the Load Address output in the traceback ahead of the
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sequence of addresses. And the default mode of @code{gnatsymbolize} is equivalent
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to that of @code{addr2line} with the above switches, so none of them is needed:
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In order to translate addresses the source lines with Position-Independent
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Executables on recent Linux and Windows versions, in other words without
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using the switch @code{-no-pie} during linking, you need to use the
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@code{gnatsymbolize} tool with @code{--load} instead of the @code{addr2line}
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tool. The main difference is that you need to copy the Load Address output
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in the traceback ahead of the sequence of addresses. And the default mode
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of @code{gnatsymbolize} is equivalent to that of @code{addr2line} with the above
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switches, so none of them is needed:
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@example
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$ gnatmake stb -g -bargs -E
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@ -19149,7 +19151,7 @@ Load address: 0x400000
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Call stack traceback locations:
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0x401373 0x40138b 0x40139c 0x401335 0x4011c4 0x4011f1 0x77e892a4
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$ gnatsymbolize --load stb 0x400000 0x401373 0x40138b 0x40139c 0x401335
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$ gnatsymbolize --load stb 0x400000 0x401373 0x40138b 0x40139c 0x401335 \
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0x4011c4 0x4011f1 0x77e892a4
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0x00401373 Stb.P1 at stb.adb:5
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@ -19234,12 +19236,17 @@ addresses to strings:
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with Ada.Text_IO;
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with GNAT.Traceback;
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with GNAT.Debug_Utilities;
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with System;
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procedure STB is
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use Ada;
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use Ada.Text_IO;
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use GNAT;
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use GNAT.Traceback;
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use System;
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LA : constant Address := Executable_Load_Address;
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procedure P1 is
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TB : Tracebacks_Array (1 .. 10);
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@ -19249,14 +19256,14 @@ procedure STB is
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begin
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Call_Chain (TB, Len);
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Text_IO.Put ("In STB.P1 : ");
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Put ("In STB.P1 : ");
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for K in 1 .. Len loop
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Text_IO.Put (Debug_Utilities.Image (TB (K)));
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Text_IO.Put (' ');
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Put (Debug_Utilities.Image_C (TB (K)));
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Put (' ');
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end loop;
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Text_IO.New_Line;
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New_Line;
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end P1;
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procedure P2 is
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@ -19265,6 +19272,10 @@ procedure STB is
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end P2;
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begin
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if LA /= Null_Address then
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Put_Line ("Load address: " & Debug_Utilities.Image_C (LA));
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end if;
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P2;
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end STB;
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@end example
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@ -19273,8 +19284,9 @@ end STB;
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$ gnatmake stb -g
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$ stb
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In STB.P1 : 16#0040_F1E4# 16#0040_14F2# 16#0040_170B# 16#0040_171C#
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16#0040_1461# 16#0040_11C4# 16#0040_11F1# 16#77E8_92A4#
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Load address: 0x400000
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In STB.P1 : 0x40F1E4 0x4014F2 0x40170B 0x40171C 0x401461 0x4011C4 \
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0x4011F1 0x77E892A4
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@end example
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@end quotation
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@ -29386,8 +29398,8 @@ to permit their use in free software.
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@printindex ge
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@anchor{cf}@w{ }
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@anchor{gnat_ugn/gnat_utility_programs switches-related-to-project-files}@w{ }
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@anchor{cf}@w{ }
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@c %**end of body
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@bye
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@ -38,38 +38,36 @@
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-- The traceback information is in the form of absolute code locations.
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-- These code locations may be converted to corresponding source locations
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-- using the external addr2line utility, or from within GDB.
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-- using the addr2line or gnatsymbolize utilities, or from within GDB.
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-- In order to use this facility, in some cases the binder must be invoked
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-- with -E switch (store the backtrace with exception occurrence). Please
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-- refer to gnatbind documentation for more information.
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-- To analyze the code locations later using addr2line or gdb, the necessary
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-- units must be compiled with the debugging switch -g in the usual manner.
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-- Note that it is not necessary to compile with -g to use Call_Chain. In
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-- other words, the following sequence of steps can be used:
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-- To analyze the code locations later using addr2line, gnatsymbolize or GDB,
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-- the necessary units must be compiled with the debugging switch -g in the
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-- usual manner. Note that it is not necessary to compile with -g to use
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-- Call_Chain. In other words, the following sequence of steps can be used:
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-- Compile without -g
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-- Run the program, and call Call_Chain
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-- Recompile with -g
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-- Use addr2line to interpret the absolute call locations (note that
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-- addr2line expects addresses in hexadecimal format).
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-- Use addr2line or gnatsymbolize to interpret the absolute call locations
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-- (note that addr2line expects addresses in hexadecimal format).
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-- This capability is currently supported on the following targets:
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-- AiX PowerPC
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-- AIX PowerPC
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-- GNU/Linux x86
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-- GNU/Linux PowerPC
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-- LynxOS x86
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-- LynxOS 178 xcoff PowerPC
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-- LynxOS 178 elf PowerPC
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-- LynxOS-178 PowerPC
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-- Solaris x86
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-- Solaris sparc
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-- Solaris SPARC
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-- VxWorks ARM
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-- VxWorks7 ARM
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-- VxWorks PowerPC
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-- VxWorks x86
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-- Windows XP
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-- Windows
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-- Note: see also GNAT.Traceback.Symbolic, a child unit in file g-trasym.ads
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-- providing symbolic trace back capability for a subset of the above targets.
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@ -101,11 +99,21 @@ package GNAT.Traceback is
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function Call_Chain
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(Max_Len : Positive;
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Skip_Frames : Natural := 1) return Tracebacks_Array;
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-- Returns up to Max_Len tracebacks corresponding to the current call
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-- Return up to Max_Len tracebacks corresponding to the current call
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-- chain. Result array order is the same as in above procedure Call_Chain
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-- except that Skip_Frames says how many of the most recent calls should be
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-- excluded from the result, starting with this procedure itself: 1 means
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-- exclude the frame for this procedure, 2 means 1 + exclude the frame for
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-- this procedure's caller, ...
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function Executable_Load_Address return System.Address;
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pragma Import (C,
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Executable_Load_Address,
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"__gnat_get_executable_load_address");
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-- Return the load address of the executable or System.Null_Address if the
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-- executable has been loaded at the address computed by the static linker.
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-- This address is needed to interpret the absolute call locations given by
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-- the subprograms of this unit when Position-Independent Executables (PIE)
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-- are used on recent GNU/Linux and Windows versions.
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end GNAT.Traceback;
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