Parallelize tensor contraction only by sharding dimension and use 'thread-local' memory for packing

unsupported/Eigen/CXX11/src/Tensor/TensorContractionThreadPool.h

@@ -335,6 +335,47 @@ struct TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgT
           mem += rhs_size;
         }
       }
+
+      // If there is enough available parallelism in sharding dimension we can
+      // call kernels in sync mode and use thread local memory for packed data.
+      const Index sharding_dim_tasks = shard_by_col ? nn : nm;
+      if (!parallel_pack_ && sharding_dim_tasks >= device_.numThreadsInPool()) {
+        parallelize_by_sharding_dim_only_ = true;
+
+        int num_worker_threads = device_.numThreadsInPool();
+
+        if (shard_by_col) {
+          can_use_thread_local_packed_ = new std::atomic<bool>[nn_];
+          for (int i = 0; i < nn_; ++i)
+            can_use_thread_local_packed_[i].store(true,
+                                                  std::memory_order_relaxed);
+
+          Index num_blocks = num_worker_threads * gn_;
+          thread_local_packed_mem_ = device_.allocate(num_blocks * rhs_size);
+          mem = static_cast<char*>(thread_local_packed_mem_);
+
+          thread_local_packed_rhs_.resize(num_blocks, nullptr);
+          for (Index i = 0; i < num_blocks; ++i) {
+            thread_local_packed_rhs_[i] = reinterpret_cast<RhsScalar*>(mem);
+            mem += rhs_size;
+          }
+        } else {
+          can_use_thread_local_packed_ = new std::atomic<bool>[nm_];
+          for (int i = 0; i < nm_; ++i)
+            can_use_thread_local_packed_[i].store(true,
+                                                  std::memory_order_relaxed);
+
+          Index num_blocks = num_worker_threads * gm_;
+          thread_local_packed_mem_ = device_.allocate(num_blocks * lhs_size);
+          mem = static_cast<char*>(thread_local_packed_mem_);
+
+          thread_local_packed_lhs_.resize(num_blocks, nullptr);
+          for (Index i = 0; i < num_blocks; ++i) {
+            thread_local_packed_lhs_[i] = reinterpret_cast<LhsScalar*>(mem);
+            mem += lhs_size;
+          }
+        }
+      }
     }
 
     ~Context() {
@@ -343,6 +384,10 @@ struct TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgT
         delete[] state_kernel_[x];
       }
       device_.deallocate(packed_mem_);
+      if (parallelize_by_sharding_dim_only_) {
+        device_.deallocate(thread_local_packed_mem_);
+        delete[] can_use_thread_local_packed_;
+      }
     }
 
     void run() {
@@ -426,6 +471,42 @@ struct TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgT
     void* packed_mem_;
     std::vector<LhsScalar*> packed_lhs_[P - 1];
     std::vector<RhsScalar*> packed_rhs_[P - 1];
+
+    // If there is enough concurrency in the sharding dimension, we choose not
+    // to paralellize by the other dimension, and execute all kernels in sync
+    // mode. This reduces parallelism from the nm_ x nn_ down to nn_
+    // (shard_by_col==true) or nm_ (shard_by_col==false).
+    bool parallelize_by_sharding_dim_only_ = false;
+
+    // If we choose to parallelize only by the sharding dimension, each thread
+    // will have it's own "thead local" (not a c++ thread local storage) memory
+    // for packed_lhs or packed_rhs (shard_by_col = false of true). This memory
+    // can't be passed to a kernel that might execute on a different thread.
+    //
+    // In practice when we are ready to pack memory for the sharding dimension
+    // (rhs if shard_by_col==true) of the K-th slice, all kernels for K-1 slice
+    // already computed (99% of the time), and we can pack data into the thread
+    // local storage, and guarantee that all the kernels will be executed
+    // immediately in the same thread. This significantly increases L1 cache hit
+    // ratio and reduces pressure on the memory bus.
+    //
+    // It's still possible that kernel for the K-th slice will be ready before
+    // completion of the K-1 kernel, so we have to allocate "global" packed_lhs_
+    // and packed_rhs_ to allow kernels to be executed later on a thread
+    // different from the thread that was used for packing.
+    void* thread_local_packed_mem_;
+
+    // Only one of these will beinitialized depending on shard_by_col value.
+    std::vector<LhsScalar*> thread_local_packed_lhs_;
+    std::vector<RhsScalar*> thread_local_packed_rhs_;
+
+    // After a particular shard for Kth slice missed thread local execution
+    // opportunity (K-1 slice didn't complete kernels execution), we can no
+    // longer schedule K+1 and following slices in thread local mode, because
+    // there is no more guarantee that previous kernels were executed
+    // sequentially in the same thread (size is nn_ or nm_).
+    std::atomic<bool>* can_use_thread_local_packed_;
+
     std::atomic<uint8_t>** state_kernel_[P];
     // state_switch_ is frequently modified by worker threads, while other
     // fields are read-only after constructor. Let's move it to a separate cache
@@ -434,22 +515,96 @@ struct TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgT
     std::atomic<Index> state_packing_ready_[P];
     std::atomic<Index> state_switch_[P];
 
+    LhsScalar* packed_lhs(Index m, Index k, Index m1, bool use_thread_local) {
+      if (use_thread_local) {
+        eigen_assert(!shard_by_col_);
+
+        Index base_idx = gm_ * device_.currentThreadId();
+        Index grain_idx = m1 - m * gm_;
+        Index block_idx = base_idx + grain_idx;
+
+        return thread_local_packed_lhs_[block_idx];
+      } else {
+        return packed_lhs_[k % (P - 1)][m1];
+      }
+    }
+
+    RhsScalar* packed_rhs(Index n, Index k, Index n1, bool use_thread_local) {
+      if (use_thread_local) {
+        eigen_assert(shard_by_col_);
+
+        Index base_idx = gn_ * device_.currentThreadId();
+        Index grain_idx = n1 - n * gn_;
+        Index block_idx = base_idx + grain_idx;
+
+        return thread_local_packed_rhs_[block_idx];
+      } else {
+        return packed_rhs_[k % (P - 1)][n1];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // In following two methods (pack_lhs and pack_rhs), if we know for sure
+    // that we'll be able to immediately call a kernel with packed data, and do
+    // not submit it to the thread pool, we can use thread local memory for
+    // packed data.
+    //
+    // We can only reliably check it if we are running all kernels in sync mode
+    // (parallelize only by sharding dim). If kernel for m==0 (n==0) is ready to
+    // run, it's guaranteed that all kernels with larger values of m (n) are
+    // also ready, because we execute them in the same order for all K slices.
+
     void pack_lhs(Index m, Index k) {
+      bool use_thread_local = false;
+
+      if (parallelize_by_sharding_dim_only_ && !shard_by_col_ &&
+          can_use_thread_local_packed_[m].load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+        if (state_kernel_[k % P][m][0].load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 1) {
+          use_thread_local = true;
+        } else {
+          // If we can't guarantee that all kernels in `k` slice will be
+          // executed sequentially in current thread, it's no longer safe to use
+          // thread local memory in followig slices along the k dimensions.
+          eigen_assert(k > 0);
+          can_use_thread_local_packed_[m].store(false,
+                                                std::memory_order_relaxed);
+        }
+      }
+
       const Index mend = m * gm_ + gm(m);
       for (Index m1 = m * gm_; m1 < mend; m1++)
-        TensorContractionKernel::packLhs(packed_lhs_[k % (P - 1)][m1],
+        TensorContractionKernel::packLhs(packed_lhs(m, k, m1, use_thread_local),
                                          lhs_.getSubMapper(m1 * bm_, k * bk_),
                                          bk(k), bm(m1));
 
       if (!parallel_pack_ && shard_by_col_) {
+        assert(!use_thread_local);
         signal_packing(k);
       } else {
         signal_switch(k + 1);
-        for (Index n = nn_ - 1; n >= 0; n--) signal_kernel(m, n, k, n == 0);
+        for (Index n = nn_ - 1; n >= 0; n--) {
+          bool sync = parallelize_by_sharding_dim_only_ || n == 0;
+          signal_kernel(m, n, k, sync, use_thread_local);
+        }
       }
     }
 
     void pack_rhs(Index n, Index k) {
+      bool use_thread_local = false;
+
+      if (parallelize_by_sharding_dim_only_ && shard_by_col_ &&
+          can_use_thread_local_packed_[n].load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+        if (state_kernel_[k % P][0][n].load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 1) {
+          use_thread_local = true;
+        } else {
+          // If we can't guarantee that all kernels in `k` slice will be
+          // executed sequentially in current thread, it's no longer safe to use
+          // thread local memory in followig slices along the k dimensions.
+          eigen_assert(k > 0);
+          can_use_thread_local_packed_[n].store(false,
+                                                std::memory_order_relaxed);
+        }
+      }
+
       const Index nend = n * gn_ + gn(n);
       for (Index n1 = n * gn_; n1 < nend; n1++) {
         if (k == 0) {
@@ -462,20 +617,24 @@ struct TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgT
           // deadlocks.
           memset(buffer_ + n1 * bn_ * m_, 0, bn(n1) * m_ * sizeof(Scalar));
         }
-        TensorContractionKernel::packRhs(packed_rhs_[k % (P - 1)][n1],
+        TensorContractionKernel::packRhs(packed_rhs(n, k, n1, use_thread_local),
                                          rhs_.getSubMapper(k * bk_, n1 * bn_),
                                          bk(k), bn(n1));
       }
 
       if (parallel_pack_ || shard_by_col_) {
         signal_switch(k + 1);
-        for (Index m = nm_ - 1; m >= 0; m--) signal_kernel(m, n, k, m == 0);
+        for (Index m = nm_ - 1; m >= 0; m--) {
+          bool sync = parallelize_by_sharding_dim_only_ || m == 0;
+          signal_kernel(m, n, k, sync, use_thread_local);
+        }
       } else {
+        assert(!use_thread_local);
         signal_packing(k);
       }
     }
 
-    void kernel(Index m, Index n, Index k) {
+    void kernel(Index m, Index n, Index k, bool use_thread_local) {
       // Note: order of iteration matters here. Iteration over m is innermost
       // because we want to reuse the same packed rhs in consecutive tasks
       // (rhs fits into L2$ while lhs only into L3$).
@@ -486,8 +645,10 @@ struct TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgT
           for (Index m1 = m * gm_; m1 < mend; m1++) {
             const auto output_mapper = output_.getSubMapper(m1 * bm_, n1 * bn_);
             TensorContractionKernel::invoke(
-                output_mapper, packed_lhs_[k % (P - 1)][m1],
+                output_mapper,
-                packed_rhs_[k % (P - 1)][n1], bm(m1), bk(k), bn(n1), Scalar(1));
+                packed_lhs(m, k, m1, !shard_by_col_ && use_thread_local),
+                packed_rhs(n, k, n1, shard_by_col_ && use_thread_local), bm(m1),
+                bk(k), bn(n1), Scalar(1));
 
             // We are done with the last task for the [m1, n1] block.
             if (k + 1 == nk_) {
@@ -501,8 +662,10 @@ struct TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgT
           for (Index n1 = n * gn_; n1 < nend; n1++) {
             const auto output_mapper = output_.getSubMapper(m1 * bm_, n1 * bn_);
             TensorContractionKernel::invoke(
-                output_mapper, packed_lhs_[k % (P - 1)][m1],
+                output_mapper,
-                packed_rhs_[k % (P - 1)][n1], bm(m1), bk(k), bn(n1), Scalar(1));
+                packed_lhs(m, k, m1, !shard_by_col_ && use_thread_local),
+                packed_rhs(n, k, n1, shard_by_col_ && use_thread_local), bm(m1),
+                bk(k), bn(n1), Scalar(1));
 
             // We are done with the last task for the [m1, n1] block.
             if (k + 1 == nk_) {
@@ -511,7 +674,7 @@ struct TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgT
             }
           }
       }
-      signal_kernel(m, n, k + 1, false);
+      signal_kernel(m, n, k + 1, /*sync=*/false, /*use_thread_local=*/false);
       signal_switch(k + 2);
     }
 
@@ -524,16 +687,23 @@ struct TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgT
       enqueue_packing(k, shard_by_col_);
     }
 
-    void signal_kernel(Index m, Index n, Index k, bool sync) {
+    void signal_kernel(Index m, Index n, Index k, bool sync,
+                       bool use_thread_local) {
       std::atomic<uint8_t>* state = &state_kernel_[k % P][m][n];
       Index s = state->load();
       eigen_assert(s > 0);
-      if (s != 1 && state->fetch_sub(1) != 1) return;
+      if (s != 1 && state->fetch_sub(1) != 1) {
+        eigen_assert(!use_thread_local);
+        return;
+      }
       state->store(parallel_pack_ ? 3 : 2, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-      if (sync)
+      if (sync) {
-        kernel(m, n, k);
+        kernel(m, n, k, use_thread_local);
-      else
+      } else {
-        device_.enqueueNoNotification([=]() { kernel(m, n, k); });
+        eigen_assert(!use_thread_local);
+        device_.enqueueNoNotification(
+            [=]() { kernel(m, n, k, use_thread_local); });
+      }
     }
 
     void signal_switch(Index k, Index v = 1) {
@@ -589,9 +759,28 @@ struct TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgT
               [=]() { enqueue_packing_helper(mid, end, k, rhs); });
           end = mid;
         }
+
+        // Decide if we want to run first packing task (start == 0) in
+        // async mode if we parallelize only by sharding dim:
+        // (1) pack_lhs and pack_rhs call signal_switch before completing
+        //     all calls to signal_kernel, which in sync mode might lead
+        //     to the execution of the first kernel of the k+1 slice, before
+        //     completing a call to the last kernel of the k slice.
+        // (2) all pack tasks for sharded dim must be executed in a thread
+        //     pool.
+        bool pack_async =
+          (start == 0) &&
+          (parallelize_by_sharding_dim_only_&& shard_by_col_ == rhs) &&
+          (k > 0 || device_.currentThreadId() < 0);
+
+        if (pack_async) {
+          device_.enqueueNoNotification(
+              [=]() { enqueue_packing_helper(start, end, k, rhs); });
+        } else {
           enqueue_packing_helper(start, end, k, rhs);
         }
       }
+    }
 
     // Block sizes with accounting for potentially incomplete last block.
     Index bm(Index m) const { return m + 1 < nm0_ ? bm_ : m_ + bm_ - bm_ * nm0_; }

unsupported/Eigen/CXX11/src/Tensor/TensorDeviceThreadPool.h

@@ -122,6 +122,12 @@ struct ThreadPoolDevice {
     return num_threads_;
   }
 
+  // Number of theads available in the underlying thread pool. This number can
+  // be different from the value returned by numThreads().
+  EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE int numThreadsInPool() const {
+    return pool_->NumThreads();
+  }
+
   EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE size_t firstLevelCacheSize() const {
     return l1CacheSize();
   }