This is a very short guide on how to get started with Eigen. It is intended for people who do not like to read long documents and want to start coding as soon as possible. The \ref TutorialMatrixClass "Tutorial" is a longer document wich goes in more detail.
In order to use Eigen, you just need to download and extract Eigen's source code. In fact, the header files in the \c Eigen subdirectory are the only files required to compile programs using Eigen. The header files are the same for all platforms. It is not necessary to use CMake or install anything.
There is no library to link to. The only thing that you need to keep in mind when compiling the above program is that the compiler must be able to find the Eigen header files. The directory in which you placed Eigen's source code must be in the include path. With GCC you use the -I option to achieve this, so you can compile the program with a command like this:
The Eigen header files define many types, but for simple applications it may be enough to use only the \c MatrixXd type. This represents a matrix of arbitrary size (hence the \c X in \c MatrixXd), in which every entry is a \c double (hence the \c d in \c MatrixXd). See \ref Somewhere for a table of the different types you can use to represent a matrix.
The \c Eigen/Dense header file defines all member functions for the MatrixXd type and related types. All classes and functions defined in this header file (and other Eigen header files) are in the \c Eigen namespace.
The first line of the \c main function declares a variable of type \c MatrixXd and specifies that it is a matrix with 2 rows and 2 columns (the entries are not initialized). The statement <tt>m(0,0) = 3</tt> sets the entry in the top-left corner to 3. You need to use round parentheses to refer to entries in the matrix. As usual in computer science, the index of the first index is 0, as opposed to the convention in mathematics that the first index is 1.
The following three statements sets the other three entries. The final line outputs the matrix \c m to the standard output stream.
\section GettingStartedExample2 Example 2: Matrices and vectors
Here is another example, which combines matrices with vectors. Concentrate on the left-hand program for now; we will talk about the right-hand program later.
<table class="tutorial_code"><tr><td>
Size set at run time:
\include QuickStart_example2_dynamic.cpp
</td>
<td>
Size set at compile time:
\include QuickStart_example2_fixed.cpp
</td></tr></table>
The output is as follows:
\include QuickStart_example2_dynamic.out
\section GettingStartedExplanation2 Explanation of the second example
The second example starts by declaring a 3-by-3 matrix \c m which is initialized with random values in the range [-1:1]. The next line applies a linear mapping such that the values fit in the range [10:110]. The function call MatrixXd::Constant(3,3,1.2) returns \c 3x3 matrix expression having all coefficient equal to 1.2. The rest is standard arithmetics.
The next line of the \c main function introduces a new type: \c VectorXd. This represents a (column) vector of arbitrary size. Here, the vector \c v is created to contains \c 3 coefficients which are left unitialized. The one but last line sets all coefficients of the vector \c v to be as follow:
Now look back at the second example program. We presented two versions of it. In the version in the left column, the matrix is of type \c MatrixXd which represents matrices of arbitrary size. The version in the right column is similar, except that the matrix is of type \c Matrix3d, which represents matrices of a fixed size (here 3-by-3). Because the type already encodes the size of the matrix, it is not necessary to specify the size in the constructor; compare <tt>MatrixXd m(3,3)</tt> with <tt>Matrix3d m</tt>. Similarly, we have \c VectorXd on the left (arbitrary size) versus \c Vector3d on the right (fixed size). Note that here the coefficients of vector \c v are directly set in the constructor, though the same syntax of the left example could be used too.
The use of fixed-size matrices and vectors has two advantages. The compiler emits better (faster) code because it knows the size of the matrices and vectors. Specifying the size in the type also allows for more rigorous checking at compile-time. For instance, the compiler will complain if you try to multiply a \c Matrix4d (a 4-by-4 matrix) with a \c Vector3d (a vector of size 3). However, the use of many types increases compilation time and the size of the executable. The size of the matrix may also not be known at compile-time. A rule of thumb is to use fixed-size matrices for size 4-by-4 and smaller.
