curl/lib/curl_ntlm_core.c
2021-04-09 09:40:49 +02:00

735 lines
21 KiB
C

/***************************************************************************
* _ _ ____ _
* Project ___| | | | _ \| |
* / __| | | | |_) | |
* | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
* \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
*
* Copyright (C) 1998 - 2021, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
*
* This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
* you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
* are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
*
* You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
*
* This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied.
*
***************************************************************************/
#include "curl_setup.h"
#if defined(USE_CURL_NTLM_CORE)
/*
* NTLM details:
*
* https://davenport.sourceforge.io/ntlm.html
* https://www.innovation.ch/java/ntlm.html
*/
/* Please keep the SSL backend-specific #if branches in this order:
1. USE_OPENSSL
2. USE_GNUTLS
3. USE_NSS
4. USE_MBEDTLS
5. USE_SECTRANSP
6. USE_OS400CRYPTO
7. USE_WIN32_CRYPTO
This ensures that:
- the same SSL branch gets activated throughout this source
file even if multiple backends are enabled at the same time.
- OpenSSL and NSS have higher priority than Windows Crypt, due
to issues with the latter supporting NTLM2Session responses
in NTLM type-3 messages.
*/
#if defined(USE_OPENSSL) || defined(USE_WOLFSSL)
#ifdef USE_WOLFSSL
#include <wolfssl/options.h>
#endif
# include <openssl/des.h>
# include <openssl/md5.h>
# include <openssl/ssl.h>
# include <openssl/rand.h>
# if (defined(OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER) && \
(OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x00907001L)) && !defined(USE_WOLFSSL)
# define DES_key_schedule des_key_schedule
# define DES_cblock des_cblock
# define DES_set_odd_parity des_set_odd_parity
# define DES_set_key des_set_key
# define DES_ecb_encrypt des_ecb_encrypt
# define DESKEY(x) x
# define DESKEYARG(x) x
# else
# define DESKEYARG(x) *x
# define DESKEY(x) &x
# endif
#elif defined(USE_GNUTLS)
# include <nettle/des.h>
#elif defined(USE_NSS)
# include <nss.h>
# include <pk11pub.h>
# include <hasht.h>
#elif defined(USE_MBEDTLS)
# include <mbedtls/des.h>
# include "curl_md4.h"
#elif defined(USE_SECTRANSP)
# include <CommonCrypto/CommonCryptor.h>
# include <CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h>
#elif defined(USE_OS400CRYPTO)
# include "cipher.mih" /* mih/cipher */
#elif defined(USE_WIN32_CRYPTO)
# include <wincrypt.h>
#else
# error "Can't compile NTLM support without a crypto library."
#endif
#include "urldata.h"
#include "non-ascii.h"
#include "strcase.h"
#include "curl_ntlm_core.h"
#include "curl_md5.h"
#include "curl_hmac.h"
#include "warnless.h"
#include "curl_endian.h"
#include "curl_des.h"
#include "curl_md4.h"
/* The last 3 #include files should be in this order */
#include "curl_printf.h"
#include "curl_memory.h"
#include "memdebug.h"
#define NTLMv2_BLOB_SIGNATURE "\x01\x01\x00\x00"
#define NTLMv2_BLOB_LEN (44 -16 + ntlm->target_info_len + 4)
/*
* Turns a 56-bit key into being 64-bit wide.
*/
static void extend_key_56_to_64(const unsigned char *key_56, char *key)
{
key[0] = key_56[0];
key[1] = (unsigned char)(((key_56[0] << 7) & 0xFF) | (key_56[1] >> 1));
key[2] = (unsigned char)(((key_56[1] << 6) & 0xFF) | (key_56[2] >> 2));
key[3] = (unsigned char)(((key_56[2] << 5) & 0xFF) | (key_56[3] >> 3));
key[4] = (unsigned char)(((key_56[3] << 4) & 0xFF) | (key_56[4] >> 4));
key[5] = (unsigned char)(((key_56[4] << 3) & 0xFF) | (key_56[5] >> 5));
key[6] = (unsigned char)(((key_56[5] << 2) & 0xFF) | (key_56[6] >> 6));
key[7] = (unsigned char) ((key_56[6] << 1) & 0xFF);
}
#if defined(USE_OPENSSL) || defined(USE_WOLFSSL)
/*
* Turns a 56 bit key into the 64 bit, odd parity key and sets the key. The
* key schedule ks is also set.
*/
static void setup_des_key(const unsigned char *key_56,
DES_key_schedule DESKEYARG(ks))
{
DES_cblock key;
/* Expand the 56-bit key to 64-bits */
extend_key_56_to_64(key_56, (char *) &key);
/* Set the key parity to odd */
DES_set_odd_parity(&key);
/* Set the key */
DES_set_key(&key, ks);
}
#elif defined(USE_GNUTLS)
static void setup_des_key(const unsigned char *key_56,
struct des_ctx *des)
{
char key[8];
/* Expand the 56-bit key to 64-bits */
extend_key_56_to_64(key_56, key);
/* Set the key parity to odd */
Curl_des_set_odd_parity((unsigned char *) key, sizeof(key));
/* Set the key */
des_set_key(des, (const uint8_t *) key);
}
#elif defined(USE_NSS)
/*
* Expands a 56 bit key KEY_56 to 64 bit and encrypts 64 bit of data, using
* the expanded key. The caller is responsible for giving 64 bit of valid
* data is IN and (at least) 64 bit large buffer as OUT.
*/
static bool encrypt_des(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
const unsigned char *key_56)
{
const CK_MECHANISM_TYPE mech = CKM_DES_ECB; /* DES cipher in ECB mode */
char key[8]; /* expanded 64 bit key */
SECItem key_item;
PK11SymKey *symkey = NULL;
SECItem *param = NULL;
PK11Context *ctx = NULL;
int out_len; /* not used, required by NSS */
bool rv = FALSE;
/* use internal slot for DES encryption (requires NSS to be initialized) */
PK11SlotInfo *slot = PK11_GetInternalKeySlot();
if(!slot)
return FALSE;
/* Expand the 56-bit key to 64-bits */
extend_key_56_to_64(key_56, key);
/* Set the key parity to odd */
Curl_des_set_odd_parity((unsigned char *) key, sizeof(key));
/* Import the key */
key_item.data = (unsigned char *)key;
key_item.len = sizeof(key);
symkey = PK11_ImportSymKey(slot, mech, PK11_OriginUnwrap, CKA_ENCRYPT,
&key_item, NULL);
if(!symkey)
goto fail;
/* Create the DES encryption context */
param = PK11_ParamFromIV(mech, /* no IV in ECB mode */ NULL);
if(!param)
goto fail;
ctx = PK11_CreateContextBySymKey(mech, CKA_ENCRYPT, symkey, param);
if(!ctx)
goto fail;
/* Perform the encryption */
if(SECSuccess == PK11_CipherOp(ctx, out, &out_len, /* outbuflen */ 8,
(unsigned char *)in, /* inbuflen */ 8)
&& SECSuccess == PK11_Finalize(ctx))
rv = /* all OK */ TRUE;
fail:
/* cleanup */
if(ctx)
PK11_DestroyContext(ctx, PR_TRUE);
if(symkey)
PK11_FreeSymKey(symkey);
if(param)
SECITEM_FreeItem(param, PR_TRUE);
PK11_FreeSlot(slot);
return rv;
}
#elif defined(USE_MBEDTLS)
static bool encrypt_des(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
const unsigned char *key_56)
{
mbedtls_des_context ctx;
char key[8];
/* Expand the 56-bit key to 64-bits */
extend_key_56_to_64(key_56, key);
/* Set the key parity to odd */
mbedtls_des_key_set_parity((unsigned char *) key);
/* Perform the encryption */
mbedtls_des_init(&ctx);
mbedtls_des_setkey_enc(&ctx, (unsigned char *) key);
return mbedtls_des_crypt_ecb(&ctx, in, out) == 0;
}
#elif defined(USE_SECTRANSP)
static bool encrypt_des(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
const unsigned char *key_56)
{
char key[8];
size_t out_len;
CCCryptorStatus err;
/* Expand the 56-bit key to 64-bits */
extend_key_56_to_64(key_56, key);
/* Set the key parity to odd */
Curl_des_set_odd_parity((unsigned char *) key, sizeof(key));
/* Perform the encryption */
err = CCCrypt(kCCEncrypt, kCCAlgorithmDES, kCCOptionECBMode, key,
kCCKeySizeDES, NULL, in, 8 /* inbuflen */, out,
8 /* outbuflen */, &out_len);
return err == kCCSuccess;
}
#elif defined(USE_OS400CRYPTO)
static bool encrypt_des(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
const unsigned char *key_56)
{
char key[8];
_CIPHER_Control_T ctl;
/* Setup the cipher control structure */
ctl.Func_ID = ENCRYPT_ONLY;
ctl.Data_Len = sizeof(key);
/* Expand the 56-bit key to 64-bits */
extend_key_56_to_64(key_56, ctl.Crypto_Key);
/* Set the key parity to odd */
Curl_des_set_odd_parity((unsigned char *) ctl.Crypto_Key, ctl.Data_Len);
/* Perform the encryption */
_CIPHER((_SPCPTR *) &out, &ctl, (_SPCPTR *) &in);
return TRUE;
}
#elif defined(USE_WIN32_CRYPTO)
static bool encrypt_des(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
const unsigned char *key_56)
{
HCRYPTPROV hprov;
HCRYPTKEY hkey;
struct {
BLOBHEADER hdr;
unsigned int len;
char key[8];
} blob;
DWORD len = 8;
/* Acquire the crypto provider */
if(!CryptAcquireContext(&hprov, NULL, NULL, PROV_RSA_FULL,
CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT | CRYPT_SILENT))
return FALSE;
/* Setup the key blob structure */
memset(&blob, 0, sizeof(blob));
blob.hdr.bType = PLAINTEXTKEYBLOB;
blob.hdr.bVersion = 2;
blob.hdr.aiKeyAlg = CALG_DES;
blob.len = sizeof(blob.key);
/* Expand the 56-bit key to 64-bits */
extend_key_56_to_64(key_56, blob.key);
/* Set the key parity to odd */
Curl_des_set_odd_parity((unsigned char *) blob.key, sizeof(blob.key));
/* Import the key */
if(!CryptImportKey(hprov, (BYTE *) &blob, sizeof(blob), 0, 0, &hkey)) {
CryptReleaseContext(hprov, 0);
return FALSE;
}
memcpy(out, in, 8);
/* Perform the encryption */
CryptEncrypt(hkey, 0, FALSE, 0, out, &len, len);
CryptDestroyKey(hkey);
CryptReleaseContext(hprov, 0);
return TRUE;
}
#endif /* defined(USE_WIN32_CRYPTO) */
/*
* takes a 21 byte array and treats it as 3 56-bit DES keys. The
* 8 byte plaintext is encrypted with each key and the resulting 24
* bytes are stored in the results array.
*/
void Curl_ntlm_core_lm_resp(const unsigned char *keys,
const unsigned char *plaintext,
unsigned char *results)
{
#if defined(USE_OPENSSL) || defined(USE_WOLFSSL)
DES_key_schedule ks;
setup_des_key(keys, DESKEY(ks));
DES_ecb_encrypt((DES_cblock*) plaintext, (DES_cblock*) results,
DESKEY(ks), DES_ENCRYPT);
setup_des_key(keys + 7, DESKEY(ks));
DES_ecb_encrypt((DES_cblock*) plaintext, (DES_cblock*) (results + 8),
DESKEY(ks), DES_ENCRYPT);
setup_des_key(keys + 14, DESKEY(ks));
DES_ecb_encrypt((DES_cblock*) plaintext, (DES_cblock*) (results + 16),
DESKEY(ks), DES_ENCRYPT);
#elif defined(USE_GNUTLS)
struct des_ctx des;
setup_des_key(keys, &des);
des_encrypt(&des, 8, results, plaintext);
setup_des_key(keys + 7, &des);
des_encrypt(&des, 8, results + 8, plaintext);
setup_des_key(keys + 14, &des);
des_encrypt(&des, 8, results + 16, plaintext);
#elif defined(USE_NSS) || defined(USE_MBEDTLS) || defined(USE_SECTRANSP) \
|| defined(USE_OS400CRYPTO) || defined(USE_WIN32_CRYPTO)
encrypt_des(plaintext, results, keys);
encrypt_des(plaintext, results + 8, keys + 7);
encrypt_des(plaintext, results + 16, keys + 14);
#endif
}
/*
* Set up lanmanager hashed password
*/
CURLcode Curl_ntlm_core_mk_lm_hash(struct Curl_easy *data,
const char *password,
unsigned char *lmbuffer /* 21 bytes */)
{
CURLcode result;
unsigned char pw[14];
static const unsigned char magic[] = {
0x4B, 0x47, 0x53, 0x21, 0x40, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25 /* i.e. KGS!@#$% */
};
size_t len = CURLMIN(strlen(password), 14);
Curl_strntoupper((char *)pw, password, len);
memset(&pw[len], 0, 14 - len);
/*
* The LanManager hashed password needs to be created using the
* password in the network encoding not the host encoding.
*/
result = Curl_convert_to_network(data, (char *)pw, 14);
if(result)
return result;
{
/* Create LanManager hashed password. */
#if defined(USE_OPENSSL) || defined(USE_WOLFSSL)
DES_key_schedule ks;
setup_des_key(pw, DESKEY(ks));
DES_ecb_encrypt((DES_cblock *)magic, (DES_cblock *)lmbuffer,
DESKEY(ks), DES_ENCRYPT);
setup_des_key(pw + 7, DESKEY(ks));
DES_ecb_encrypt((DES_cblock *)magic, (DES_cblock *)(lmbuffer + 8),
DESKEY(ks), DES_ENCRYPT);
#elif defined(USE_GNUTLS)
struct des_ctx des;
setup_des_key(pw, &des);
des_encrypt(&des, 8, lmbuffer, magic);
setup_des_key(pw + 7, &des);
des_encrypt(&des, 8, lmbuffer + 8, magic);
#elif defined(USE_NSS) || defined(USE_MBEDTLS) || defined(USE_SECTRANSP) \
|| defined(USE_OS400CRYPTO) || defined(USE_WIN32_CRYPTO)
encrypt_des(magic, lmbuffer, pw);
encrypt_des(magic, lmbuffer + 8, pw + 7);
#endif
memset(lmbuffer + 16, 0, 21 - 16);
}
return CURLE_OK;
}
#ifdef USE_NTRESPONSES
static void ascii_to_unicode_le(unsigned char *dest, const char *src,
size_t srclen)
{
size_t i;
for(i = 0; i < srclen; i++) {
dest[2 * i] = (unsigned char)src[i];
dest[2 * i + 1] = '\0';
}
}
#if defined(USE_NTLM_V2) && !defined(USE_WINDOWS_SSPI)
static void ascii_uppercase_to_unicode_le(unsigned char *dest,
const char *src, size_t srclen)
{
size_t i;
for(i = 0; i < srclen; i++) {
dest[2 * i] = (unsigned char)(Curl_raw_toupper(src[i]));
dest[2 * i + 1] = '\0';
}
}
#endif /* USE_NTLM_V2 && !USE_WINDOWS_SSPI */
/*
* Set up nt hashed passwords
* @unittest: 1600
*/
CURLcode Curl_ntlm_core_mk_nt_hash(struct Curl_easy *data,
const char *password,
unsigned char *ntbuffer /* 21 bytes */)
{
size_t len = strlen(password);
unsigned char *pw;
CURLcode result;
if(len > SIZE_T_MAX/2) /* avoid integer overflow */
return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
pw = len ? malloc(len * 2) : (unsigned char *)strdup("");
if(!pw)
return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
ascii_to_unicode_le(pw, password, len);
/*
* The NT hashed password needs to be created using the password in the
* network encoding not the host encoding.
*/
result = Curl_convert_to_network(data, (char *)pw, len * 2);
if(result)
return result;
/* Create NT hashed password. */
Curl_md4it(ntbuffer, pw, 2 * len);
memset(ntbuffer + 16, 0, 21 - 16);
free(pw);
return CURLE_OK;
}
#if defined(USE_NTLM_V2) && !defined(USE_WINDOWS_SSPI)
/* Timestamp in tenths of a microsecond since January 1, 1601 00:00:00 UTC. */
struct ms_filetime {
unsigned int dwLowDateTime;
unsigned int dwHighDateTime;
};
/* Convert a time_t to an MS FILETIME (MS-DTYP section 2.3.3). */
static void time2filetime(struct ms_filetime *ft, time_t t)
{
#if SIZEOF_TIME_T > 4
t = (t + CURL_OFF_T_C(11644473600)) * 10000000;
ft->dwLowDateTime = (unsigned int) (t & 0xFFFFFFFF);
ft->dwHighDateTime = (unsigned int) (t >> 32);
#else
unsigned int r, s;
unsigned int i;
ft->dwLowDateTime = t & 0xFFFFFFFF;
ft->dwHighDateTime = 0;
# ifndef HAVE_TIME_T_UNSIGNED
/* Extend sign if needed. */
if(ft->dwLowDateTime & 0x80000000)
ft->dwHighDateTime = ~0;
# endif
/* Bias seconds to Jan 1, 1601.
134774 days = 11644473600 seconds = 0x2B6109100 */
r = ft->dwLowDateTime;
ft->dwLowDateTime = (ft->dwLowDateTime + 0xB6109100U) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
ft->dwHighDateTime += ft->dwLowDateTime < r? 0x03: 0x02;
/* Convert to tenths of microseconds. */
ft->dwHighDateTime *= 10000000;
i = 32;
do {
i -= 8;
s = ((ft->dwLowDateTime >> i) & 0xFF) * (10000000 - 1);
r = (s << i) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
s >>= 1; /* Split shift to avoid width overflow. */
s >>= 31 - i;
ft->dwLowDateTime = (ft->dwLowDateTime + r) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
if(ft->dwLowDateTime < r)
s++;
ft->dwHighDateTime += s;
} while(i);
ft->dwHighDateTime &= 0xFFFFFFFF;
#endif
}
/* This creates the NTLMv2 hash by using NTLM hash as the key and Unicode
* (uppercase UserName + Domain) as the data
*/
CURLcode Curl_ntlm_core_mk_ntlmv2_hash(const char *user, size_t userlen,
const char *domain, size_t domlen,
unsigned char *ntlmhash,
unsigned char *ntlmv2hash)
{
/* Unicode representation */
size_t identity_len;
unsigned char *identity;
CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
if((userlen > CURL_MAX_INPUT_LENGTH) || (domlen > CURL_MAX_INPUT_LENGTH))
return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
identity_len = (userlen + domlen) * 2;
identity = malloc(identity_len + 1);
if(!identity)
return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
ascii_uppercase_to_unicode_le(identity, user, userlen);
ascii_to_unicode_le(identity + (userlen << 1), domain, domlen);
result = Curl_hmacit(Curl_HMAC_MD5, ntlmhash, 16, identity, identity_len,
ntlmv2hash);
free(identity);
return result;
}
/*
* Curl_ntlm_core_mk_ntlmv2_resp()
*
* This creates the NTLMv2 response as set in the ntlm type-3 message.
*
* Parameters:
*
* ntlmv2hash [in] - The ntlmv2 hash (16 bytes)
* challenge_client [in] - The client nonce (8 bytes)
* ntlm [in] - The ntlm data struct being used to read TargetInfo
and Server challenge received in the type-2 message
* ntresp [out] - The address where a pointer to newly allocated
* memory holding the NTLMv2 response.
* ntresp_len [out] - The length of the output message.
*
* Returns CURLE_OK on success.
*/
CURLcode Curl_ntlm_core_mk_ntlmv2_resp(unsigned char *ntlmv2hash,
unsigned char *challenge_client,
struct ntlmdata *ntlm,
unsigned char **ntresp,
unsigned int *ntresp_len)
{
/* NTLMv2 response structure :
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 HMAC MD5 16 bytes
------BLOB--------------------------------------------------------------------
16 Signature 0x01010000
20 Reserved long (0x00000000)
24 Timestamp LE, 64-bit signed value representing the number of
tenths of a microsecond since January 1, 1601.
32 Client Nonce 8 bytes
40 Unknown 4 bytes
44 Target Info N bytes (from the type-2 message)
44+N Unknown 4 bytes
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
unsigned int len = 0;
unsigned char *ptr = NULL;
unsigned char hmac_output[HMAC_MD5_LENGTH];
struct ms_filetime tw;
CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
/* Calculate the timestamp */
#ifdef DEBUGBUILD
char *force_timestamp = getenv("CURL_FORCETIME");
if(force_timestamp)
time2filetime(&tw, (time_t) 0);
else
#endif
time2filetime(&tw, time(NULL));
/* Calculate the response len */
len = HMAC_MD5_LENGTH + NTLMv2_BLOB_LEN;
/* Allocate the response */
ptr = calloc(1, len);
if(!ptr)
return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
/* Create the BLOB structure */
msnprintf((char *)ptr + HMAC_MD5_LENGTH, NTLMv2_BLOB_LEN,
"%c%c%c%c" /* NTLMv2_BLOB_SIGNATURE */
"%c%c%c%c" /* Reserved = 0 */
"%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c", /* Timestamp */
NTLMv2_BLOB_SIGNATURE[0], NTLMv2_BLOB_SIGNATURE[1],
NTLMv2_BLOB_SIGNATURE[2], NTLMv2_BLOB_SIGNATURE[3],
0, 0, 0, 0,
LONGQUARTET(tw.dwLowDateTime), LONGQUARTET(tw.dwHighDateTime));
memcpy(ptr + 32, challenge_client, 8);
memcpy(ptr + 44, ntlm->target_info, ntlm->target_info_len);
/* Concatenate the Type 2 challenge with the BLOB and do HMAC MD5 */
memcpy(ptr + 8, &ntlm->nonce[0], 8);
result = Curl_hmacit(Curl_HMAC_MD5, ntlmv2hash, HMAC_MD5_LENGTH, ptr + 8,
NTLMv2_BLOB_LEN + 8, hmac_output);
if(result) {
free(ptr);
return result;
}
/* Concatenate the HMAC MD5 output with the BLOB */
memcpy(ptr, hmac_output, HMAC_MD5_LENGTH);
/* Return the response */
*ntresp = ptr;
*ntresp_len = len;
return result;
}
/*
* Curl_ntlm_core_mk_lmv2_resp()
*
* This creates the LMv2 response as used in the ntlm type-3 message.
*
* Parameters:
*
* ntlmv2hash [in] - The ntlmv2 hash (16 bytes)
* challenge_client [in] - The client nonce (8 bytes)
* challenge_client [in] - The server challenge (8 bytes)
* lmresp [out] - The LMv2 response (24 bytes)
*
* Returns CURLE_OK on success.
*/
CURLcode Curl_ntlm_core_mk_lmv2_resp(unsigned char *ntlmv2hash,
unsigned char *challenge_client,
unsigned char *challenge_server,
unsigned char *lmresp)
{
unsigned char data[16];
unsigned char hmac_output[16];
CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
memcpy(&data[0], challenge_server, 8);
memcpy(&data[8], challenge_client, 8);
result = Curl_hmacit(Curl_HMAC_MD5, ntlmv2hash, 16, &data[0], 16,
hmac_output);
if(result)
return result;
/* Concatenate the HMAC MD5 output with the client nonce */
memcpy(lmresp, hmac_output, 16);
memcpy(lmresp + 16, challenge_client, 8);
return result;
}
#endif /* USE_NTLM_V2 && !USE_WINDOWS_SSPI */
#endif /* USE_NTRESPONSES */
#endif /* USE_CURL_NTLM_CORE */