curl/lib/imap.c

/***************************************************************************
 *                                  _   _ ____  _
 *  Project                     ___| | | |  _ \| |
 *                             / __| | | | |_) | |
 *                            | (__| |_| |  _ <| |___
 *                             \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998 - 2013, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
 *
 * This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
 * you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
 * are also available at http://curl.haxx.se/docs/copyright.html.
 *
 * You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
 *
 * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.
 *
 * RFC2195 CRAM-MD5 authentication
 * RFC2595 Using TLS with IMAP, POP3 and ACAP
 * RFC2831 DIGEST-MD5 authentication
 * RFC3501 IMAPv4 protocol
 * RFC4422 Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL)
 * RFC4616 PLAIN authentication
 * RFC4959 IMAP Extension for SASL Initial Client Response
 * RFC5092 IMAP URL Scheme
 *
 ***************************************************************************/

#include "curl_setup.h"

#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_IMAP

#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
#include <netinet/in.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_UTSNAME_H
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NETDB_H
#include <netdb.h>
#endif
#ifdef __VMS
#include <in.h>
#include <inet.h>
#endif

#if (defined(NETWARE) && defined(__NOVELL_LIBC__))
#undef in_addr_t
#define in_addr_t unsigned long
#endif

#include <curl/curl.h>
#include "urldata.h"
#include "sendf.h"
#include "if2ip.h"
#include "hostip.h"
#include "progress.h"
#include "transfer.h"
#include "escape.h"
#include "http.h" /* for HTTP proxy tunnel stuff */
#include "socks.h"
#include "imap.h"

#include "strtoofft.h"
#include "strequal.h"
#include "sslgen.h"
#include "connect.h"
#include "strerror.h"
#include "select.h"
#include "multiif.h"
#include "url.h"
#include "rawstr.h"
#include "curl_sasl.h"

#define _MPRINTF_REPLACE /* use our functions only */
#include <curl/mprintf.h>

#include "curl_memory.h"
/* The last #include file should be: */
#include "memdebug.h"

/* Local API functions */
static CURLcode imap_parse_url_path(struct connectdata *conn);
static CURLcode imap_regular_transfer(struct connectdata *conn, bool *done);
static CURLcode imap_do(struct connectdata *conn, bool *done);
static CURLcode imap_done(struct connectdata *conn, CURLcode status,
                          bool premature);
static CURLcode imap_connect(struct connectdata *conn, bool *done);
static CURLcode imap_disconnect(struct connectdata *conn, bool dead);
static CURLcode imap_multi_statemach(struct connectdata *conn, bool *done);
static int imap_getsock(struct connectdata *conn, curl_socket_t *socks,
                        int numsocks);
static CURLcode imap_doing(struct connectdata *conn, bool *dophase_done);
static CURLcode imap_setup_connection(struct connectdata *conn);

/*
 * IMAP protocol handler.
 */

const struct Curl_handler Curl_handler_imap = {
  "IMAP",                           /* scheme */
  imap_setup_connection,            /* setup_connection */
  imap_do,                          /* do_it */
  imap_done,                        /* done */
  ZERO_NULL,                        /* do_more */
  imap_connect,                     /* connect_it */
  imap_multi_statemach,             /* connecting */
  imap_doing,                       /* doing */
  imap_getsock,                     /* proto_getsock */
  imap_getsock,                     /* doing_getsock */
  ZERO_NULL,                        /* domore_getsock */
  ZERO_NULL,                        /* perform_getsock */
  imap_disconnect,                  /* disconnect */
  ZERO_NULL,                        /* readwrite */
  PORT_IMAP,                        /* defport */
  CURLPROTO_IMAP,                   /* protocol */
  PROTOPT_CLOSEACTION | PROTOPT_NEEDSPWD
  | PROTOPT_NOURLQUERY              /* flags */
};

#ifdef USE_SSL
/*
 * IMAPS protocol handler.
 */

const struct Curl_handler Curl_handler_imaps = {
  "IMAPS",                          /* scheme */
  imap_setup_connection,            /* setup_connection */
  imap_do,                          /* do_it */
  imap_done,                        /* done */
  ZERO_NULL,                        /* do_more */
  imap_connect,                     /* connect_it */
  imap_multi_statemach,             /* connecting */
  imap_doing,                       /* doing */
  imap_getsock,                     /* proto_getsock */
  imap_getsock,                     /* doing_getsock */
  ZERO_NULL,                        /* domore_getsock */
  ZERO_NULL,                        /* perform_getsock */
  imap_disconnect,                  /* disconnect */
  ZERO_NULL,                        /* readwrite */
  PORT_IMAPS,                       /* defport */
  CURLPROTO_IMAP | CURLPROTO_IMAPS, /* protocol */
  PROTOPT_CLOSEACTION | PROTOPT_SSL | PROTOPT_NEEDSPWD
  | PROTOPT_NOURLQUERY              /* flags */
};
#endif

#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_HTTP
/*
 * HTTP-proxyed IMAP protocol handler.
 */

static const struct Curl_handler Curl_handler_imap_proxy = {
  "IMAP",                               /* scheme */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* setup_connection */
  Curl_http,                            /* do_it */
  Curl_http_done,                       /* done */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* do_more */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* connect_it */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* connecting */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* doing */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* proto_getsock */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* doing_getsock */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* domore_getsock */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* perform_getsock */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* disconnect */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* readwrite */
  PORT_IMAP,                            /* defport */
  CURLPROTO_HTTP,                       /* protocol */
  PROTOPT_NONE                          /* flags */
};

#ifdef USE_SSL
/*
 * HTTP-proxyed IMAPS protocol handler.
 */

static const struct Curl_handler Curl_handler_imaps_proxy = {
  "IMAPS",                              /* scheme */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* setup_connection */
  Curl_http,                            /* do_it */
  Curl_http_done,                       /* done */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* do_more */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* connect_it */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* connecting */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* doing */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* proto_getsock */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* doing_getsock */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* domore_getsock */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* perform_getsock */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* disconnect */
  ZERO_NULL,                            /* readwrite */
  PORT_IMAPS,                           /* defport */
  CURLPROTO_HTTP,                       /* protocol */
  PROTOPT_NONE                          /* flags */
};
#endif
#endif

#ifdef USE_SSL
static void imap_to_imaps(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  conn->handler = &Curl_handler_imaps;
}
#else
#define imap_to_imaps(x) Curl_nop_stmt
#endif

/***********************************************************************
 *
 * imap_sendf()
 *
 * Sends the formated string as an IMAP command to the server.
 *
 * Designed to never block.
 */
static CURLcode imap_sendf(struct connectdata *conn, const char *fmt, ...)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct imap_conn *imapc = &conn->proto.imapc;
  char *taggedfmt;
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, fmt);

  /* Calculate the next command ID wrapping at 3 digits */
  imapc->cmdid = (imapc->cmdid + 1) % 1000;

  /* Calculate the tag based on the connection ID and command ID */
  snprintf(imapc->resptag, sizeof(imapc->resptag), "%c%03d",
           'A' + (conn->connection_id % 26), imapc->cmdid);

  taggedfmt = aprintf("%s %s", imapc->resptag, fmt);
  if(!taggedfmt)
    return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;

  result = Curl_pp_vsendf(&imapc->pp, taggedfmt, ap);

  Curl_safefree(taggedfmt);
  va_end(ap);

  return result;
}

/***********************************************************************
 *
 * imap_atom()
 *
 * Checks the input string for characters that need escaping and returns an
 * atom ready for sending to the server.
 *
 * The returned string needs to be freed.
 *
 */
static char* imap_atom(const char* str)
{
  const char *p1;
  char *p2;
  size_t backsp_count = 0;
  size_t quote_count = 0;
  bool space_exists = FALSE;
  size_t newlen = 0;
  char *newstr = NULL;

  if(!str)
    return NULL;

  /* Count any unescapped characters */
  p1 = str;
  while(*p1) {
    if(*p1 == '\\')
      backsp_count++;
    else if(*p1 == '"')
      quote_count++;
    else if(*p1 == ' ')
      space_exists = TRUE;

    p1++;
  }

  /* Does the input contain any unescapped characters? */
  if(!backsp_count && !quote_count && !space_exists)
    return strdup(str);

  /* Calculate the new string length */
  newlen = strlen(str) + backsp_count + quote_count + (space_exists ? 2 : 0);

  /* Allocate the new string */
  newstr = (char *) malloc((newlen + 1) * sizeof(char));
  if(!newstr)
    return NULL;

  /* Surround the string in quotes if necessary */
  p2 = newstr;
  if(space_exists) {
    newstr[0] = '"';
    newstr[newlen - 1] = '"';
    p2++;
  }

  /* Copy the string, escaping backslash and quote characters along the way */
  p1 = str;
  while(*p1) {
    if(*p1 == '\\' || *p1 == '"') {
      *p2 = '\\';
      p2++;
    }

   *p2 = *p1;

    p1++;
    p2++;
  }

  /* Terminate the string */
  newstr[newlen] = '\0';

  return newstr;
}

/* Function that checks whether the given string is a valid tagged, untagged
   or continuation response which can be processed by the response handler. */
static bool imap_endofresp(struct connectdata *conn, char *line, size_t len,
                           int *resp)
{
  struct imap_conn *imapc = &conn->proto.imapc;
  const char *id = imapc->resptag;
  size_t id_len = strlen(id);

  /* Do we have a tagged command response? */
  if(len >= id_len + 1 && !memcmp(id, line, id_len) && line[id_len] == ' ') {
    line += id_len + 1;
    len -= id_len + 1;

    if(len >= 2 && !memcmp(line, "OK", 2))
      *resp = 'O';
    else if(len >= 2 && !memcmp(line, "NO", 2))
      *resp = 'N';
    else if(len >= 3 && !memcmp(line, "BAD", 3))
      *resp = 'B';
    else {
      failf(conn->data, "Bad tagged response");
      *resp = -1;
    }

    return TRUE;
  }

  /* Do we have an untagged command response */
  if(len >= 2 && !memcmp("* ", line, 2)) {
    switch(imapc->state) {
      /* States which are interested in untagged responses */
      case IMAP_CAPABILITY:
      case IMAP_FETCH:
        *resp = '*';
        break;
 
      /* Ignore other untagged responses */
      default:
        return FALSE;
    }

    return TRUE;
  }

  /* Do we have a continuation response? */
  if((len == 3 && !memcmp("+", line, 1)) ||
     (len >= 2 && !memcmp("+ ", line, 2))) {
    switch(imapc->state) {
      /* States which are interested in continuation responses */
      case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_PLAIN:
      case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_LOGIN:
      case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_LOGIN_PASSWD:
      case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_CRAMMD5:
      case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_DIGESTMD5:
      case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_DIGESTMD5_RESP:
      case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_NTLM:
      case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_NTLM_TYPE2MSG:
      case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE:
        *resp = '+';
        break;

      default:
        failf(conn->data, "Unexpected continuation response");
        *resp = -1;
        break;
    }

    return TRUE;
  }

  return FALSE; /* Nothing for us */
}

/* This is the ONLY way to change IMAP state! */
static void state(struct connectdata *conn, imapstate newstate)
{
  struct imap_conn *imapc = &conn->proto.imapc;
#if defined(DEBUGBUILD) && !defined(CURL_DISABLE_VERBOSE_STRINGS)
  /* for debug purposes */
  static const char * const names[]={
    "STOP",
    "SERVERGREET",
    "CAPABILITY",
    "STARTTLS",
    "UPGRADETLS",
    "AUTHENTICATE_PLAIN",
    "AUTHENTICATE_LOGIN",
    "AUTHENTICATE_LOGIN_PASSWD",
    "AUTHENTICATE_CRAMMD5",
    "AUTHENTICATE_DIGESTMD5",
    "AUTHENTICATE_DIGESTMD5_RESP",
    "AUTHENTICATE_NTLM",
    "AUTHENTICATE_NTLM_TYPE2MSG",
    "AUTHENTICATE",
    "LOGIN",
    "SELECT",
    "FETCH",
    "LOGOUT",
    /* LAST */
  };

  if(imapc->state != newstate)
    infof(conn->data, "IMAP %p state change from %s to %s\n",
          imapc, names[imapc->state], names[newstate]);
#endif

  imapc->state = newstate;
}

static CURLcode imap_state_capability(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct imap_conn *imapc = &conn->proto.imapc;

  imapc->authmechs = 0;         /* No known authentication mechanisms yet */
  imapc->authused = 0;          /* Clear the authentication mechanism used */
  imapc->tls_supported = FALSE; /* Clear the TLS capability */

  /* Send the CAPABILITY command */
  result = imap_sendf(conn, "CAPABILITY");

  if(result)
    return result;

  state(conn, IMAP_CAPABILITY);

  return CURLE_OK;
}

static CURLcode imap_state_starttls(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;

  /* Send the STARTTLS command */
  result = imap_sendf(conn, "STARTTLS");

  if(!result)
    state(conn, IMAP_STARTTLS);

  return result;
}

static CURLcode imap_state_upgrade_tls(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct imap_conn *imapc = &conn->proto.imapc;

  /* Start the SSL connection */
  result = Curl_ssl_connect_nonblocking(conn, FIRSTSOCKET, &imapc->ssldone);

  if(!result) {
    if(imapc->state != IMAP_UPGRADETLS)
      state(conn, IMAP_UPGRADETLS);

    if(imapc->ssldone) {
      imap_to_imaps(conn);
      result = imap_state_capability(conn);
    }
  }

  return result;
}

static CURLcode imap_state_login(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  char *user;
  char *passwd;

  /* Check we have a username and password to authenticate with and end the
     connect phase if we don't */
  if(!conn->bits.user_passwd) {
    state(conn, IMAP_STOP);

    return result;
  }

  /* Make sure the username and password are in the correct atom format */
  user = imap_atom(conn->user);
  passwd = imap_atom(conn->passwd);

  /* Send the LOGIN command */
  result = imap_sendf(conn, "LOGIN %s %s", user ? user : "",
                      passwd ? passwd : "");

  Curl_safefree(user);
  Curl_safefree(passwd);

  if(result)
    return result;

  state(conn, IMAP_LOGIN);

  return CURLE_OK;
}

static CURLcode imap_authenticate(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct imap_conn *imapc = &conn->proto.imapc;
  const char *mech = NULL;
  char *initresp = NULL;
  size_t len = 0;
  imapstate state1 = IMAP_STOP;
  imapstate state2 = IMAP_STOP;

  /* Check we have a username and password to authenticate with and end the
     connect phase if we don't */
  if(!conn->bits.user_passwd) {
    state(conn, IMAP_STOP);

    return result;
  }

  /* Calculate the supported authentication mechanism by decreasing order of
     security */
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_CRYPTO_AUTH
  if(imapc->authmechs & SASL_MECH_DIGEST_MD5) {
    mech = "DIGEST-MD5";
    state1 = IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_DIGESTMD5;
    imapc->authused = SASL_MECH_DIGEST_MD5;
  }
  else if(imapc->authmechs & SASL_MECH_CRAM_MD5) {
    mech = "CRAM-MD5";
    state1 = IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_CRAMMD5;
    imapc->authused = SASL_MECH_CRAM_MD5;
  }
  else
#endif
#ifdef USE_NTLM
  if(imapc->authmechs & SASL_MECH_NTLM) {
    mech = "NTLM";
    state1 = IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_NTLM;
    state2 = IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_NTLM_TYPE2MSG;
    imapc->authused = SASL_MECH_NTLM;

    if(imapc->ir_supported)
      result = Curl_sasl_create_login_message(conn->data, conn->user,
                                              &initresp, &len);
  }
  else
#endif
  if(imapc->authmechs & SASL_MECH_LOGIN) {
    mech = "LOGIN";
    state1 = IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_LOGIN;
    state2 = IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_LOGIN_PASSWD;
    imapc->authused = SASL_MECH_LOGIN;

    if(imapc->ir_supported)
      result = Curl_sasl_create_plain_message(conn->data, conn->user,
                                              conn->passwd, &initresp, &len);
  }
  else if(imapc->authmechs & SASL_MECH_PLAIN) {
    mech = "PLAIN";
    state1 = IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_PLAIN;
    state2 = IMAP_AUTHENTICATE;
    imapc->authused = SASL_MECH_PLAIN;

    if(imapc->ir_supported)
      result = Curl_sasl_create_plain_message(conn->data, conn->user,
                                              conn->passwd, &initresp, &len);
  }

  if(result)
    return result;

  if(mech) {
    if(initresp) {
      /* Perform SASL based authentication */
      result = imap_sendf(conn, "AUTHENTICATE %s %s", mech, initresp);

      if(!result)
        state(conn, state2);
    }
    else {
      result = imap_sendf(conn, "AUTHENTICATE %s", mech);

      if(!result)
        state(conn, state1);
    }

    Curl_safefree(initresp);
  }
  else if(!imapc->login_disabled)
    /* Perform clear text authentication */
    result = imap_state_login(conn);
  else {
    /* Other mechanisms not supported */
    infof(conn->data, "No known authentication mechanisms supported!\n");
    result = CURLE_LOGIN_DENIED;
  }

  return result;
}

/* Start the DO phase */
static CURLcode imap_select(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;
  struct IMAP *imap = data->state.proto.imap;
  char *mailbox;

  mailbox = imap_atom(imap->mailbox ? imap->mailbox : "");
  if(!mailbox)
    result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
  else
    result = imap_sendf(conn, "SELECT %s", mailbox);

  Curl_safefree(mailbox);
  if(result)
    return result;

  state(conn, IMAP_SELECT);

  return result;
}

static CURLcode imap_fetch(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct IMAP *imap = conn->data->state.proto.imap;

  /* Send the FETCH command */
  result = imap_sendf(conn, "FETCH %s BODY[%s]",
                      imap->uid ? imap->uid : "1",
                      imap->section ? imap->section : "");
  if(result)
    return result;

  /*
   * When issued, the server will respond with a single line similar to
   * '* 1 FETCH (BODY[TEXT] {2021}'
   *
   * Identifying the fetch and how many bytes of contents we can expect. We
   * must extract that number before continuing to "download as usual".
   */

  state(conn, IMAP_FETCH);

  return result;
}

/* For the initial server greeting */
static CURLcode imap_state_servergreet_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                            int imapcode,
                                            imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if(imapcode != 'O') {
    failf(data, "Got unexpected imap-server response");
    return CURLE_FTP_WEIRD_SERVER_REPLY; /* TODO: fix this code */
  }

  result = imap_state_capability(conn);

  return result;
}

/* For CAPABILITY responses */
static CURLcode imap_state_capability_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                           int imapcode,
                                           imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;
  struct imap_conn *imapc = &conn->proto.imapc;
  const char *line = data->state.buffer;
  size_t wordlen;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  /* Do we have a untagged response? */
  if(imapcode == '*') {
    line += 2;

    /* Loop through the data line */
    for(;;) {
      while(*line &&
            (*line == ' ' || *line == '\t' ||
              *line == '\r' || *line == '\n')) {

        line++;
      }

      if(!*line)
        break;

      /* Extract the word */
      for(wordlen = 0; line[wordlen] && line[wordlen] != ' ' &&
            line[wordlen] != '\t' && line[wordlen] != '\r' &&
            line[wordlen] != '\n';)
        wordlen++;

      /* Does the server support the STARTTLS capability? */
      if(wordlen == 8 && !memcmp(line, "STARTTLS", 8))
        imapc->tls_supported = TRUE;

      /* Has the server explicitly disabled clear text authentication? */
      else if(wordlen == 13 && !memcmp(line, "LOGINDISABLED", 13))
        imapc->login_disabled = TRUE;

      /* Does the server support the SASL-IR capability? */
      else if(wordlen == 7 && !memcmp(line, "SASL-IR", 7))
        imapc->ir_supported = TRUE;

      /* Do we have a SASL based authentication mechanism? */
      else if(wordlen > 5 && !memcmp(line, "AUTH=", 5)) {
        line += 5;
        wordlen -= 5;

        /* Test the word for a matching authentication mechanism */
        if(wordlen == 5 && !memcmp(line, "LOGIN", 5))
          imapc->authmechs |= SASL_MECH_LOGIN;
        if(wordlen == 5 && !memcmp(line, "PLAIN", 5))
          imapc->authmechs |= SASL_MECH_PLAIN;
        else if(wordlen == 8 && !memcmp(line, "CRAM-MD5", 8))
          imapc->authmechs |= SASL_MECH_CRAM_MD5;
        else if(wordlen == 10 && !memcmp(line, "DIGEST-MD5", 10))
          imapc->authmechs |= SASL_MECH_DIGEST_MD5;
        else if(wordlen == 6 && !memcmp(line, "GSSAPI", 6))
          imapc->authmechs |= SASL_MECH_GSSAPI;
        else if(wordlen == 8 && !memcmp(line, "EXTERNAL", 8))
          imapc->authmechs |= SASL_MECH_EXTERNAL;
        else if(wordlen == 4 && !memcmp(line, "NTLM", 4))
          imapc->authmechs |= SASL_MECH_NTLM;
      }

      line += wordlen;
    }
  }
  else if(imapcode != 'O')
    result = imap_state_login(conn);
  else if(data->set.use_ssl && !conn->ssl[FIRSTSOCKET].use) {
    /* We don't have a SSL/TLS connection yet, but SSL is requested */
    if(imapc->tls_supported)
      /* Switch to TLS connection now */
      result = imap_state_starttls(conn);
    else if(data->set.use_ssl == CURLUSESSL_TRY)
      /* Fallback and carry on with authentication */
      result = imap_authenticate(conn);
    else {
      failf(data, "STARTTLS not supported.");
      result = CURLE_USE_SSL_FAILED;
    }
  }
  else
    result = imap_authenticate(conn);

  return result;
}

/* For STARTTLS responses */
static CURLcode imap_state_starttls_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                         int imapcode,
                                         imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if(imapcode != 'O') {
    if(data->set.use_ssl != CURLUSESSL_TRY) {
      failf(data, "STARTTLS denied. %c", imapcode);
      result = CURLE_USE_SSL_FAILED;
    }
    else
      result = imap_authenticate(conn);
  }
  else
    result = imap_state_upgrade_tls(conn);

  return result;
}

/* For AUTHENTICATE PLAIN (without initial response) responses */
static CURLcode imap_state_auth_plain_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                           int imapcode,
                                           imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;
  size_t len = 0;
  char *plainauth = NULL;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if(imapcode != '+') {
    failf(data, "Access denied. %c", imapcode);
    result = CURLE_LOGIN_DENIED;
  }
  else {
    /* Create the authorisation message */
    result = Curl_sasl_create_plain_message(data, conn->user, conn->passwd,
                                            &plainauth, &len);

    /* Send the message */
    if(!result) {
      if(plainauth) {
        result = Curl_pp_sendf(&conn->proto.imapc.pp, "%s", plainauth);

        if(!result)
          state(conn, IMAP_AUTHENTICATE);
      }

      Curl_safefree(plainauth);
    }
  }

  return result;
}

/* For AUTHENTICATE LOGIN (without initial response) responses */
static CURLcode imap_state_auth_login_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                           int imapcode,
                                           imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;
  size_t len = 0;
  char *authuser = NULL;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if(imapcode != '+') {
    failf(data, "Access denied: %d", imapcode);
    result = CURLE_LOGIN_DENIED;
  }
  else {
    /* Create the user message */
    result = Curl_sasl_create_login_message(data, conn->user,
                                            &authuser, &len);

    /* Send the user */
    if(!result) {
      if(authuser) {
        result = Curl_pp_sendf(&conn->proto.imapc.pp, "%s", authuser);

        if(!result)
          state(conn, IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_LOGIN_PASSWD);
      }

      Curl_safefree(authuser);
    }
  }

  return result;
}

/* For AUTHENTICATE LOGIN user entry responses */
static CURLcode imap_state_auth_login_password_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                                    int imapcode,
                                                    imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;
  size_t len = 0;
  char *authpasswd = NULL;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if(imapcode != '+') {
    failf(data, "Access denied: %d", imapcode);
    result = CURLE_LOGIN_DENIED;
  }
  else {
    /* Create the password message */
    result = Curl_sasl_create_login_message(data, conn->passwd,
                                            &authpasswd, &len);

    /* Send the password */
    if(!result) {
      if(authpasswd) {
        result = Curl_pp_sendf(&conn->proto.imapc.pp, "%s", authpasswd);

        if(!result)
          state(conn, IMAP_AUTHENTICATE);
      }

      Curl_safefree(authpasswd);
    }
  }

  return result;
}

#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_CRYPTO_AUTH
/* For AUTHENTICATE CRAM-MD5 responses */
static CURLcode imap_state_auth_cram_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                          int imapcode,
                                          imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;
  char *chlg64 = data->state.buffer;
  size_t len = 0;
  char *rplyb64 = NULL;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if(imapcode != '+') {
    failf(data, "Access denied: %d", imapcode);
    return CURLE_LOGIN_DENIED;
  }

  /* Get the challenge */
  for(chlg64 += 2; *chlg64 == ' ' || *chlg64 == '\t'; chlg64++)
    ;

  /* Terminate the challenge */
  if(*chlg64 != '=') {
    for(len = strlen(chlg64); len--;)
      if(chlg64[len] != '\r' && chlg64[len] != '\n' && chlg64[len] != ' ' &&
         chlg64[len] != '\t')
        break;

    if(++len) {
      chlg64[len] = '\0';
    }
  }

  /* Create the response message */
  result = Curl_sasl_create_cram_md5_message(data, chlg64, conn->user,
                                             conn->passwd, &rplyb64, &len);

  /* Send the response */
  if(!result) {
    if(rplyb64) {
      result = Curl_pp_sendf(&conn->proto.imapc.pp, "%s", rplyb64);

      if(!result)
        state(conn, IMAP_AUTHENTICATE);
    }

    Curl_safefree(rplyb64);
  }

  return result;
}

/* For AUTHENTICATE DIGEST-MD5 challenge responses */
static CURLcode imap_state_auth_digest_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                            int imapcode,
                                            imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;
  char *chlg64 = data->state.buffer;
  size_t len = 0;
  char *rplyb64 = NULL;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if(imapcode != '+') {
    failf(data, "Access denied: %d", imapcode);
    return CURLE_LOGIN_DENIED;
  }

  /* Get the challenge */
  for(chlg64 += 2; *chlg64 == ' ' || *chlg64 == '\t'; chlg64++)
    ;

  /* Create the response message */
  result = Curl_sasl_create_digest_md5_message(data, chlg64, conn->user,
                                               conn->passwd, "imap",
                                               &rplyb64, &len);

  /* Send the response */
  if(!result) {
    if(rplyb64) {
      result = Curl_pp_sendf(&conn->proto.imapc.pp, "%s", rplyb64);

      if(!result)
        state(conn, IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_DIGESTMD5_RESP);
    }

    Curl_safefree(rplyb64);
  }

  return result;
}

/* For AUTHENTICATE DIGEST-MD5 challenge-response responses */
static CURLcode imap_state_auth_digest_resp_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                                 int imapcode,
                                                 imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if(imapcode != '+') {
    failf(data, "Authentication failed: %d", imapcode);
    result = CURLE_LOGIN_DENIED;
  }
  else {
    /* Send an empty response */
    result = Curl_pp_sendf(&conn->proto.imapc.pp, "");

    if(!result)
      state(conn, IMAP_AUTHENTICATE);
  }

  return result;
}
#endif

#ifdef USE_NTLM
/* For AUTHENTICATE NTLM (without initial response) responses */
static CURLcode imap_state_auth_ntlm_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                          int imapcode,
                                          imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;
  size_t len = 0;
  char *type1msg = NULL;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if(imapcode != '+') {
    failf(data, "Access denied: %d", imapcode);
    result = CURLE_LOGIN_DENIED;
  }
  else {
    /* Create the type-1 message */
    result = Curl_sasl_create_ntlm_type1_message(conn->user, conn->passwd,
                                                 &conn->ntlm,
                                                 &type1msg, &len);

    /* Send the message */
    if(!result) {
      if(type1msg) {
        result = Curl_pp_sendf(&conn->proto.imapc.pp, "%s", type1msg);

        if(!result)
          state(conn, IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_NTLM_TYPE2MSG);
      }

      Curl_safefree(type1msg);
    }
  }

  return result;
}

/* For NTLM type-2 responses (sent in reponse to our type-1 message) */
static CURLcode imap_state_auth_ntlm_type2msg_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                                   int imapcode,
                                                   imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;
  size_t len = 0;
  char *type3msg = NULL;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if(imapcode != '+') {
    failf(data, "Access denied: %d", imapcode);
    result = CURLE_LOGIN_DENIED;
  }
  else {
    /* Create the type-3 message */
    result = Curl_sasl_create_ntlm_type3_message(data,
                                                 data->state.buffer + 2,
                                                 conn->user, conn->passwd,
                                                 &conn->ntlm,
                                                 &type3msg, &len);

    /* Send the message */
    if(!result) {
      if(type3msg) {
        result = Curl_pp_sendf(&conn->proto.imapc.pp, "%s", type3msg);

        if(!result)
          state(conn, IMAP_AUTHENTICATE);
      }

      Curl_safefree(type3msg);
    }
  }

  return result;
}
#endif

/* For final responses to the AUTHENTICATE sequence */
static CURLcode imap_state_auth_final_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                           int imapcode,
                                           imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if(imapcode != 'O') {
    failf(data, "Authentication failed: %d", imapcode);
    result = CURLE_LOGIN_DENIED;
  }
  else
    /* End of connect phase */
    state(conn, IMAP_STOP);

  return result;
}

/* For LOGIN responses */
static CURLcode imap_state_login_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                      int imapcode,
                                      imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if(imapcode != 'O') {
    failf(data, "Access denied. %c", imapcode);
    result = CURLE_LOGIN_DENIED;
  }
  else
    /* End of connect phase */
    state(conn, IMAP_STOP);

  return result;
}

/* For SELECT responses */
static CURLcode imap_state_select_resp(struct connectdata *conn,
                                       int imapcode,
                                       imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if(imapcode != 'O') {
    failf(data, "Select failed");
    result = CURLE_LOGIN_DENIED;
  }
  else
    result = imap_fetch(conn);

  return result;
}

/* For the (first line of) FETCH BODY[TEXT] response */
static CURLcode imap_state_fetch_resp(struct connectdata *conn, int imapcode,
                                      imapstate instate)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;
  struct imap_conn *imapc = &conn->proto.imapc;
  struct pingpong *pp = &imapc->pp;
  const char *ptr = data->state.buffer;

  (void)instate; /* no use for this yet */

  if('*' != imapcode) {
    Curl_pgrsSetDownloadSize(data, 0);
    state(conn, IMAP_STOP);
    return CURLE_OK;
  }

  /* Something like this comes "* 1 FETCH (BODY[TEXT] {2021}\r" */
  while(*ptr && (*ptr != '{'))
    ptr++;

  if(*ptr == '{') {
    curl_off_t size = curlx_strtoofft(ptr + 1, NULL, 10);
    if(size)
      Curl_pgrsSetDownloadSize(data, size);

    infof(data, "Found %" FORMAT_OFF_TU " bytes to download\n", size);

    if(pp->cache) {
      /* At this point there is a bunch of data in the header "cache" that is
         actually body content, send it as body and then skip it. Do note
         that there may even be additional "headers" after the body. */
      size_t chunk = pp->cache_size;

      if(chunk > (size_t)size)
        /* the conversion from curl_off_t to size_t is always fine here */
        chunk = (size_t)size;

      result = Curl_client_write(conn, CLIENTWRITE_BODY, pp->cache, chunk);
      if(result)
        return result;

      size -= chunk;

      /* we've now used parts of or the entire cache */
      if(pp->cache_size > chunk) {
        /* part of, move the trailing data to the start and reduce the size */
        memmove(pp->cache, pp->cache + chunk,
                pp->cache_size - chunk);
        pp->cache_size -= chunk;
      }
      else {
        /* cache is drained */
        Curl_safefree(pp->cache);
        pp->cache = NULL;
        pp->cache_size = 0;
      }
    }

    infof(data, "Size left: %" FORMAT_OFF_T "\n", size);

    if(!size)
      /* the entire data is already transferred! */
      Curl_setup_transfer(conn, -1, -1, FALSE, NULL, -1, NULL);
    else
      /* IMAP download */
      Curl_setup_transfer(conn, FIRSTSOCKET, size, FALSE, NULL, -1, NULL);

    data->req.maxdownload = size;
  }
  else
    /* We don't know how to parse this line */
    result = CURLE_FTP_WEIRD_SERVER_REPLY; /* TODO: fix this code */

  /* End of do phase */
  state(conn, IMAP_STOP);

  return result;
}

static CURLcode imap_statemach_act(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  curl_socket_t sock = conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET];
  int imapcode;
  struct imap_conn *imapc = &conn->proto.imapc;
  struct pingpong *pp = &imapc->pp;
  size_t nread = 0;

  /* Busy upgrading the connection; right now all I/O is SSL/TLS, not IMAP */
  if(imapc->state == IMAP_UPGRADETLS)
    return imap_state_upgrade_tls(conn);

  /* Flush any data that needs to be sent */
  if(pp->sendleft)
    return Curl_pp_flushsend(pp);

  /* Read the response from the server */
  result = Curl_pp_readresp(sock, pp, &imapcode, &nread);
  if(result)
    return result;

  /* Was there an error parsing the response line? */
  if(imapcode == -1)
    return CURLE_FTP_WEIRD_SERVER_REPLY;

  if(imapcode) {
    /* We have now received a full IMAP server response */
    switch(imapc->state) {
    case IMAP_SERVERGREET:
      result = imap_state_servergreet_resp(conn, imapcode, imapc->state);
      break;

    case IMAP_CAPABILITY:
      result = imap_state_capability_resp(conn, imapcode, imapc->state);
      break;

    case IMAP_STARTTLS:
      result = imap_state_starttls_resp(conn, imapcode, imapc->state);
      break;

    case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_PLAIN:
      result = imap_state_auth_plain_resp(conn, imapcode, imapc->state);
      break;

    case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_LOGIN:
      result = imap_state_auth_login_resp(conn, imapcode, imapc->state);
      break;

    case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_LOGIN_PASSWD:
      result = imap_state_auth_login_password_resp(conn, imapcode,
                                                   imapc->state);
      break;

#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_CRYPTO_AUTH
    case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_CRAMMD5:
      result = imap_state_auth_cram_resp(conn, imapcode, imapc->state);
      break;

    case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_DIGESTMD5:
      result = imap_state_auth_digest_resp(conn, imapcode, imapc->state);
      break;

    case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_DIGESTMD5_RESP:
      result = imap_state_auth_digest_resp_resp(conn, imapcode, imapc->state);
      break;
#endif

#ifdef USE_NTLM
    case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_NTLM:
      result = imap_state_auth_ntlm_resp(conn, imapcode, imapc->state);
      break;

    case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE_NTLM_TYPE2MSG:
      result = imap_state_auth_ntlm_type2msg_resp(conn, imapcode,
                                                  imapc->state);
      break;
#endif

    case IMAP_AUTHENTICATE:
      result = imap_state_auth_final_resp(conn, imapcode, imapc->state);
      break;

    case IMAP_LOGIN:
      result = imap_state_login_resp(conn, imapcode, imapc->state);
      break;

    case IMAP_SELECT:
      result = imap_state_select_resp(conn, imapcode, imapc->state);
      break;

    case IMAP_FETCH:
      result = imap_state_fetch_resp(conn, imapcode, imapc->state);
      break;

    case IMAP_LOGOUT:
      /* fallthrough, just stop! */
    default:
      /* internal error */
      state(conn, IMAP_STOP);
      break;
    }
  }

  return result;
}

/* Called repeatedly until done from multi.c */
static CURLcode imap_multi_statemach(struct connectdata *conn, bool *done)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct imap_conn *imapc = &conn->proto.imapc;

  if((conn->handler->flags & PROTOPT_SSL) && !imapc->ssldone)
    result = Curl_ssl_connect_nonblocking(conn, FIRSTSOCKET, &imapc->ssldone);
  else
    result = Curl_pp_statemach(&imapc->pp, FALSE);

  *done = (imapc->state == IMAP_STOP) ? TRUE : FALSE;

  return result;
}

static CURLcode imap_block_statemach(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct imap_conn *imapc = &conn->proto.imapc;

  while(imapc->state != IMAP_STOP) {
    result = Curl_pp_statemach(&imapc->pp, TRUE);
    if(result)
      break;
  }

  return result;
}

/* Allocate and initialize the struct IMAP for the current SessionHandle if
   required */
static CURLcode imap_init(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;
  struct IMAP *imap = data->state.proto.imap;

  if(!imap) {
    imap = data->state.proto.imap = calloc(sizeof(struct IMAP), 1);
    if(!imap)
      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
  }

  return CURLE_OK;
}

/* For the IMAP "protocol connect" and "doing" phases only */
static int imap_getsock(struct connectdata *conn, curl_socket_t *socks,
                        int numsocks)
{
  return Curl_pp_getsock(&conn->proto.imapc.pp, socks, numsocks);
}

/***********************************************************************
 *
 * imap_connect() should do everything that is to be considered a part of
 * the connection phase.
 *
 * The variable 'done' points to will be TRUE if the protocol-layer connect
 * phase is done when this function returns, or FALSE is not. When called as
 * a part of the easy interface, it will always be TRUE.
 */
static CURLcode imap_connect(struct connectdata *conn, bool *done)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct imap_conn *imapc = &conn->proto.imapc;
  struct pingpong *pp = &imapc->pp;

  *done = FALSE; /* default to not done yet */

  /* If there already is a protocol-specific struct allocated for this
     sessionhandle, deal with it */
  Curl_reset_reqproto(conn);

  /* Initialise the IMAP layer */
  result = imap_init(conn);
  if(result)
    return result;

  /* We always support persistent connections in IMAP */
  conn->bits.close = FALSE;

  /* Set the default response time-out */
  pp->response_time = RESP_TIMEOUT;
  pp->statemach_act = imap_statemach_act;
  pp->endofresp = imap_endofresp;
  pp->conn = conn;

  /* Initialise the pingpong layer */
  Curl_pp_init(pp);

  /* Start off waiting for the server greeting response */
  state(conn, IMAP_SERVERGREET);

  /* Start off with an response id of '*' */
  strcpy(imapc->resptag, "*");

  result = imap_multi_statemach(conn, done);

  return result;
}

/***********************************************************************
 *
 * imap_done()
 *
 * The DONE function. This does what needs to be done after a single DO has
 * performed.
 *
 * Input argument is already checked for validity.
 */
static CURLcode imap_done(struct connectdata *conn, CURLcode status,
                          bool premature)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;
  struct IMAP *imap = data->state.proto.imap;

  (void)premature;

  if(!imap)
    /* When the easy handle is removed from the multi interface while libcurl
       is still trying to resolve the host name, the IMAP struct is not yet
       initialized. However, the removal action calls Curl_done() which in
       turn calls this function, so we simply return success. */
    return CURLE_OK;

  if(status) {
    conn->bits.close = TRUE; /* marked for closure */
    result = status;         /* use the already set error code */
  }

  /* Cleanup our per-request based variables */
  Curl_safefree(imap->mailbox);
  Curl_safefree(imap->uidvalidity);
  Curl_safefree(imap->uid);
  Curl_safefree(imap->section);

  /* Clear the transfer mode for the next request */
  imap->transfer = FTPTRANSFER_BODY;

  return result;
}

/***********************************************************************
 *
 * imap_perform()
 *
 * This is the actual DO function for IMAP. Fetch a message according to the
 * options previously setup.
 */
static CURLcode imap_perform(struct connectdata *conn, bool *connected,
                             bool *dophase_done)
{
  /* This is IMAP and no proxy */
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;

  DEBUGF(infof(conn->data, "DO phase starts\n"));

  if(conn->data->set.opt_no_body) {
    /* Requested no body means no transfer */
    struct IMAP *imap = conn->data->state.proto.imap;
    imap->transfer = FTPTRANSFER_INFO;
  }

  *dophase_done = FALSE; /* not done yet */

  /* Start the first command in the DO phase */
  result = imap_select(conn);
  if(result)
    return result;

  /* Run the state-machine */
  result = imap_multi_statemach(conn, dophase_done);

  *connected = conn->bits.tcpconnect[FIRSTSOCKET];

  if(*dophase_done)
    DEBUGF(infof(conn->data, "DO phase is complete\n"));

  return result;
}

/***********************************************************************
 *
 * imap_do()
 *
 * This function is registered as 'curl_do' function. It decodes the path
 * parts etc as a wrapper to the actual DO function (imap_perform).
 *
 * The input argument is already checked for validity.
 */
static CURLcode imap_do(struct connectdata *conn, bool *done)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;

  *done = FALSE; /* default to false */

  /* Since connections can be re-used between SessionHandles, there might be a
     connection already existing but on a fresh SessionHandle struct. As such
     we make sure we have a good IMAP struct to play with. For new connections
     the IMAP struct is allocated and setup in the imap_connect() function. */
  Curl_reset_reqproto(conn);
  result = imap_init(conn);
  if(result)
    return result;

  /* Parse the URL path */
  result = imap_parse_url_path(conn);
  if(result)
    return result;

  result = imap_regular_transfer(conn, done);

  return result;
}

/***********************************************************************
 *
 * imap_logout()
 *
 * This should be called before calling sclose().  We should then wait for the
 * response from the server before returning. The calling code should then try
 * to close the connection.
 *
 */
static CURLcode imap_logout(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;

  /* Send the LOGOUT command */
  result = imap_sendf(conn, "LOGOUT", NULL);
  if(result)
    return result;

  state(conn, IMAP_LOGOUT);

  result = imap_block_statemach(conn);

  return result;
}

/***********************************************************************
 *
 * imap_disconnect()
 *
 * Disconnect from an IMAP server. Cleanup protocol-specific per-connection
 * resources. BLOCKING.
 */
static CURLcode imap_disconnect(struct connectdata *conn, bool dead_connection)
{
  struct imap_conn *imapc= &conn->proto.imapc;

  /* We cannot send quit unconditionally. If this connection is stale or
     bad in any way, sending quit and waiting around here will make the
     disconnect wait in vain and cause more problems than we need to. */

  /* The IMAP session may or may not have been allocated/setup at this
     point! */
  if(!dead_connection && imapc->pp.conn)
    (void)imap_logout(conn); /* ignore errors on LOGOUT */

  /* Disconnect from the server */
  Curl_pp_disconnect(&imapc->pp);

  /* Cleanup the SASL module */
  Curl_sasl_cleanup(conn, imapc->authused);

  return CURLE_OK;
}

/***********************************************************************
 *
 * imap_is_bchar()
 *
 * Portable test of whether the specified char is a "bchar" as defined in the
 * grammar of RFC-5092.
 */
static bool imap_is_bchar(char ch)
{
  switch(ch) {
    /* bchar */
    case ':': case '@': case '/':
    /* bchar -> achar */
    case '&': case '=':
    /* bchar -> achar -> uchar -> unreserved */
    case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6':
    case '7': case '8': case '9':
    case 'A': case 'B': case 'C': case 'D': case 'E': case 'F': case 'G':
    case 'H': case 'I': case 'J': case 'K': case 'L': case 'M': case 'N':
    case 'O': case 'P': case 'Q': case 'R': case 'S': case 'T': case 'U':
    case 'V': case 'W': case 'X': case 'Y': case 'Z':
    case 'a': case 'b': case 'c': case 'd': case 'e': case 'f': case 'g':
    case 'h': case 'i': case 'j': case 'k': case 'l': case 'm': case 'n':
    case 'o': case 'p': case 'q': case 'r': case 's': case 't': case 'u':
    case 'v': case 'w': case 'x': case 'y': case 'z':
    case '-': case '.': case '_': case '~':
    /* bchar -> achar -> uchar -> sub-delims-sh */
    case '!': case '$': case '\'': case '(': case ')': case '*':
    case '+': case ',':
    /* bchar -> achar -> uchar -> pct-encoded */
    case '%': /* HEXDIG chars are already included above */
      return true;

    default:
      return false;
  }
}

/***********************************************************************
 *
 * imap_parse_url_path()
 *
 * Parse the URL path into separate path components.
 *
 */
static CURLcode imap_parse_url_path(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  /* The imap struct is already initialised in imap_connect() */
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;
  struct IMAP *imap = data->state.proto.imap;
  const char *begin = data->state.path;
  const char *ptr = begin;

  /* See how much of the URL is a valid path and decode it */
  while(imap_is_bchar(*ptr))
    ptr++;

  if(ptr != begin) {
    /* Remove the trailing slash if present */
    const char *end = ptr;
    if(end > begin && end[-1] == '/')
      end--;

    result = Curl_urldecode(data, begin, end - begin, &imap->mailbox, NULL,
                            TRUE);
    if(result)
      return result;
  }
  else
    imap->mailbox = NULL;

  /* There can be any number of parameters in the form ";NAME=VALUE" */
  while(*ptr == ';') {
    char *name;
    char *value;
    size_t valuelen;

    /* Find the length of the name parameter */
    begin = ++ptr;
    while(*ptr && *ptr != '=')
      ptr++;

    if(!*ptr)
      return CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT;

    /* Decode the name parameter */
    result = Curl_urldecode(data, begin, ptr - begin, &name, NULL, TRUE);
    if(result)
      return result;

    /* Find the length of the value parameter */
    begin = ++ptr;
    while(imap_is_bchar(*ptr))
      ptr++;

    /* Decode the value parameter */
    result = Curl_urldecode(data, begin, ptr - begin, &value, &valuelen, TRUE);
    if(result) {
      Curl_safefree(name);
      return result;
    }

    DEBUGF(infof(conn->data, "IMAP URL parameter '%s' = '%s'\n", name, value));

    /* Process the known hierarchical parameters (UIDVALIDITY, UID and SECTION)
       stripping of the trailing slash character if it is present.

       Note: Unknown parameters trigger a URL_MALFORMAT error. */
    if(Curl_raw_equal(name, "UIDVALIDITY") && !imap->uidvalidity) {
      if(valuelen > 0 && value[valuelen - 1] == '/')
        value[valuelen - 1] = '\0';

      imap->uidvalidity = value;
      value = NULL;
    }
    else if(Curl_raw_equal(name, "UID") && !imap->uid) {
      if(valuelen > 0 && value[valuelen - 1] == '/')
        value[valuelen - 1] = '\0';

      imap->uid = value;
      value = NULL;
    }
    else if(Curl_raw_equal(name, "SECTION") && !imap->section) {
      if(valuelen > 0 && value[valuelen - 1] == '/')
        value[valuelen - 1] = '\0';

      imap->section = value;
      value = NULL;
    }
    else {
      Curl_safefree(name);
      Curl_safefree(value);

      return CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT;
    }

    Curl_safefree(name);
    Curl_safefree(value);
  }

  /* Any extra stuff at the end of the URL is an error */
  if(*ptr)
    return CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT;

  return CURLE_OK;
}

/* Call this when the DO phase has completed */
static CURLcode imap_dophase_done(struct connectdata *conn, bool connected)
{
  struct IMAP *imap = conn->data->state.proto.imap;

  (void)connected;

  if(imap->transfer != FTPTRANSFER_BODY)
    /* no data to transfer */
    Curl_setup_transfer(conn, -1, -1, FALSE, NULL, -1, NULL);

  return CURLE_OK;
}

/* Called from multi.c while DOing */
static CURLcode imap_doing(struct connectdata *conn, bool *dophase_done)
{
  CURLcode result = imap_multi_statemach(conn, dophase_done);

  if(result)
    DEBUGF(infof(conn->data, "DO phase failed\n"));
  else {
    if(*dophase_done) {
      result = imap_dophase_done(conn, FALSE /* not connected */);

      DEBUGF(infof(conn->data, "DO phase is complete\n"));
    }
  }

  return result;
}

/***********************************************************************
 *
 * imap_regular_transfer()
 *
 * The input argument is already checked for validity.
 *
 * Performs all commands done before a regular transfer between a local and a
 * remote host.
 */
static CURLcode imap_regular_transfer(struct connectdata *conn,
                                      bool *dophase_done)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  bool connected = FALSE;
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;

  /* Make sure size is unknown at this point */
  data->req.size = -1;

  Curl_pgrsSetUploadCounter(data, 0);
  Curl_pgrsSetDownloadCounter(data, 0);
  Curl_pgrsSetUploadSize(data, 0);
  Curl_pgrsSetDownloadSize(data, 0);

  result = imap_perform(conn, &connected, dophase_done);

  if(!result) {
    if(!*dophase_done)
      /* The DO phase has not completed yet */
      return CURLE_OK;

    result = imap_dophase_done(conn, connected);
  }

  return result;
}

static CURLcode imap_setup_connection(struct connectdata * conn)
{
  struct SessionHandle *data = conn->data;

  if(conn->bits.httpproxy && !data->set.tunnel_thru_httpproxy) {
    /* Unless we have asked to tunnel IMAP operations through the proxy, we
       switch and use HTTP operations only */
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_HTTP
    if(conn->handler == &Curl_handler_imap)
      conn->handler = &Curl_handler_imap_proxy;
    else {
#ifdef USE_SSL
      conn->handler = &Curl_handler_imaps_proxy;
#else
      failf(data, "IMAPS not supported!");
      return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
#endif
    }

    /* We explicitly mark this connection as persistent here as we're doing
       IMAP over HTTP and thus we accidentally avoid setting this value
       otherwise */
    conn->bits.close = FALSE;
#else
    failf(data, "IMAP over http proxy requires HTTP support built-in!");
    return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
#endif
  }

  data->state.path++;   /* don't include the initial slash */

  return CURLE_OK;
}

#endif /* CURL_DISABLE_IMAP */