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a2c5833233
The result of running etc/update-copyright.py --this-year, fixing all the files whose mode is changed by the script, plus a build with --enable-maintainer-mode --enable-cgen-maint=yes, then checking out */po/*.pot which we don't update frequently. The copy of cgen was with commit d1dd5fcc38ead reverted as that commit breaks building of bfp opcodes files.
377 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
377 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
@c Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c This is part of the GAS manual.
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@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
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@ifset GENERIC
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@page
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@node Z80-Dependent
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@chapter Z80 Dependent Features
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@end ifset
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@ifclear GENERIC
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@node Machine Dependencies
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@chapter Z80 Dependent Features
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@end ifclear
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@cindex Z80 support
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@menu
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* Z80 Options:: Options
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* Z80 Syntax:: Syntax
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* Z80 Floating Point:: Floating Point
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* Z80 Directives:: Z80 Machine Directives
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* Z80 Opcodes:: Opcodes
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@end menu
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@node Z80 Options
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@section Command-line Options
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@cindex Z80 options
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@cindex options for Z80
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@c man begin OPTIONS
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@table @gcctabopt
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@cindex @code{-march=} command-line option, Z80
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@item -march=@var{CPU}[-@var{EXT}@dots{}][+@var{EXT}@dots{}]
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This option specifies the target processor. The assembler will issue
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an error message if an attempt is made to assemble an instruction which
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will not execute on the target processor. The following processor names
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are recognized:
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@code{z80},
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@code{z180},
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@code{ez80},
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@code{gbz80},
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@code{z80n},
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@code{r800}.
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In addition to the basic instruction set, the assembler can be told to
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accept some extention mnemonics. For example,
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@code{-march=z180+sli+infc} extends @var{z180} with @var{SLI} instructions and
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@var{IN F,(C)}. The following extentions are currently supported:
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@code{full} (all known instructions),
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@code{adl} (ADL CPU mode by default, eZ80 only),
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@code{sli} (instruction known as @var{SLI}, @var{SLL} or @var{SL1}),
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@code{xyhl} (instructions with halves of index registers: @var{IXL}, @var{IXH},
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@var{IYL}, @var{IYH}),
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@code{xdcb} (instructions like @var{RotOp (II+d),R} and @var{BitOp n,(II+d),R}),
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@code{infc} (instruction @var{IN F,(C)} or @var{IN (C)}),
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@code{outc0} (instruction @var{OUT (C),0}).
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Note that rather than extending a basic instruction set, the extention
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mnemonics starting with @code{-} revoke the respective functionality:
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@code{-march=z80-full+xyhl} first removes all default extentions and adds
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support for index registers halves only.
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If this option is not specified then @code{-march=z80+xyhl+infc} is assumed.
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@cindex @code{-local-prefix} command-line option, Z80
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@item -local-prefix=@var{prefix}
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Mark all labels with specified prefix as local. But such label can be
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marked global explicitly in the code. This option do not change default
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local label prefix @code{.L}, it is just adds new one.
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@cindex @code{-colonless} command-line option, Z80
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@item -colonless
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Accept colonless labels. All symbols at line begin are treated as labels.
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@cindex @code{-sdcc} command-line option, Z80
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@item -sdcc
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Accept assembler code produced by SDCC.
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@cindex @code{-fp-s} command-line option, Z80
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@item -fp-s=@var{FORMAT}
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Single precision floating point numbers format. Default: ieee754 (32 bit).
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@cindex @code{-fp-d} command-line option, Z80
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@item -fp-d=@var{FORMAT}
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Double precision floating point numbers format. Default: ieee754 (64 bit).
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@end table
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@c man end
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Floating point numbers formats.
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@table @option
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@item @code{ieee754}
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Single or double precision IEEE754 compatible format.
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@item @code{half}
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Half precision IEEE754 compatible format (16 bits).
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@item @code{single}
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Single precision IEEE754 compatible format (32 bits).
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@item @code{double}
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Double precision IEEE754 compatible format (64 bits).
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@item @code{zeda32}
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32 bit floating point format from z80float library by Zeda.
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@item @code{math48}
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48 bit floating point format from Math48 package by Anders Hejlsberg.
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@end table
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@cindex Z80 Syntax
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@node Z80 Syntax
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@section Syntax
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The assembler syntax closely follows the 'Z80 family CPU User Manual' by
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Zilog.
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In expressions a single @samp{=} may be used as ``is equal to''
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comparison operator.
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Suffices can be used to indicate the radix of integer constants;
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@samp{H} or @samp{h} for hexadecimal, @samp{D} or @samp{d} for decimal,
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@samp{Q}, @samp{O}, @samp{q} or @samp{o} for octal, and @samp{B} for
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binary.
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The suffix @samp{b} denotes a backreference to local label.
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@menu
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* Z80-Chars:: Special Characters
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* Z80-Regs:: Register Names
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* Z80-Case:: Case Sensitivity
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* Z80-Labels:: Labels
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@end menu
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@node Z80-Chars
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@subsection Special Characters
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@cindex line comment character, Z80
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@cindex Z80 line comment character
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The semicolon @samp{;} is the line comment character;
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If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line then the whole
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line is treated as a comment, but in this case the line could also be
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a logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor
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control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
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@cindex line separator, Z80
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@cindex statement separator, Z80
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@cindex Z80 line separator
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The Z80 assembler does not support a line separator character.
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@cindex location counter, Z80
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@cindex hexadecimal prefix, Z80
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@cindex Z80 $
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The dollar sign @samp{$} can be used as a prefix for hexadecimal numbers
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and as a symbol denoting the current location counter.
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@cindex character escapes, Z80
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@cindex Z80, \
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A backslash @samp{\} is an ordinary character for the Z80 assembler.
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@cindex character constant, Z80
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@cindex single quote, Z80
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@cindex Z80 '
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The single quote @samp{'} must be followed by a closing quote. If there
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is one character in between, it is a character constant, otherwise it is
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a string constant.
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@node Z80-Regs
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@subsection Register Names
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@cindex Z80 registers
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@cindex register names, Z80
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The registers are referred to with the letters assigned to them by
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Zilog. In addition @command{@value{AS}} recognizes @samp{ixl} and
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@samp{ixh} as the least and most significant octet in @samp{ix}, and
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similarly @samp{iyl} and @samp{iyh} as parts of @samp{iy}.
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@c The @samp{'} in @samp{ex af,af'} may be omitted.
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@node Z80-Case
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@subsection Case Sensitivity
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@cindex Z80, case sensitivity
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@cindex case sensitivity, Z80
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Upper and lower case are equivalent in register names, opcodes,
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condition codes and assembler directives.
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The case of letters is significant in labels and symbol names. The case
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is also important to distinguish the suffix @samp{b} for a backward reference
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to a local label from the suffix @samp{B} for a number in binary notation.
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@node Z80-Labels
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@subsection Labels
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@cindex labels, Z80
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@cindex Z80 labels
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Labels started by @code{.L} acts as local labels. You may specify custom local
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label prefix by @code{-local-prefix} command-line option.
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Dollar, forward and backward local labels are supported. By default, all labels
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are followed by colon.
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Legacy code with colonless labels can be built with @code{-colonless}
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command-line option specified. In this case all tokens at line begin are treated
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as labels.
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@node Z80 Floating Point
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@section Floating Point
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@cindex floating point, Z80
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@cindex Z80 floating point
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Floating-point numbers of following types are supported:
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@table @option
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@item @code{ieee754}
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Supported half, single and double precision IEEE754 compatible numbers.
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@item @code{zeda32}
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32 bit floating point numbers from z80float library by Zeda.
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@item @code{math48}
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48 bit floating point numbers from Math48 package by Anders Hejlsberg.
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@end table
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@node Z80 Directives
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@section Z80 Assembler Directives
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@cindex Z80-only directives
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@command{@value{AS}} for the Z80 supports some additional directives for
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compatibility with other assemblers.
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These are the additional directives in @code{@value{AS}} for the Z80:
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@table @code
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@item @code{.assume ADL = @var{expression}}
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@cindex @code{.assume} directive, Z80
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Set ADL status for eZ80. Non-zero value enable compilation in ADL mode else
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used Z80 mode. ADL and Z80 mode produces incompatible object code. Mixing
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both of them within one binary may lead problems with disassembler.
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@item @code{db @var{expression}|@var{string}[,@var{expression}|@var{string}...]}
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@cindex @code{db} directive, Z80
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@itemx @code{defb @var{expression}|@var{string}[,@var{expression}|@var{string}...]}
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@cindex @code{defb} directive, Z80
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@itemx @code{defm @var{string}[,@var{string}...]}
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@cindex @code{defm} directive, Z80
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For each @var{string} the characters are copied to the object file, for
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each other @var{expression} the value is stored in one byte.
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A warning is issued in case of an overflow.
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Backslash symbol in the strings is generic symbol, it cannot be used as
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escape character. @xref{Ascii,,@code{.ascii}}.
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@item @code{dw @var{expression}[,@var{expression}...]}
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@cindex @code{dw} directive, Z80
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@itemx @code{defw @var{expression}[,@var{expression}...]}
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@cindex @code{defw} directive, Z80
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For each @var{expression} the value is stored in two bytes, ignoring
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overflow.
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@item @code{d24 @var{expression}[,@var{expression}...]}
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@cindex @code{d24} directive, Z80
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@itemx @code{def24 @var{expression}[,@var{expression}...]}
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@cindex @code{def24} directive, Z80
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For each @var{expression} the value is stored in three bytes, ignoring
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overflow.
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@item @code{d32 @var{expression}[,@var{expression}...]}
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@cindex @code{d32} directive, Z80
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@itemx @code{def32 @var{expression}[,@var{expression}...]}
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@cindex @code{def32} directive, Z80
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For each @var{expression} the value is stored in four bytes, ignoring
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overflow.
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@item @code{ds @var{count}[, @var{value}]}
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@cindex @code{ds} directive, Z80
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@itemx @code{defs @var{count}[, @var{value}]}
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@cindex @code{defs} directive, Z80
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@c Synonyms for @code{ds.b},
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@c which should have been described elsewhere
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Fill @var{count} bytes in the object file with @var{value}, if
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@var{value} is omitted it defaults to zero.
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@item @code{@var{symbol} defl @var{expression}}
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@cindex @code{defl} directive, Z80
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The @code{defl} directive is like @code{.set} but with different
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syntax. @xref{Set,,@code{.set}}.
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It set the value of @var{symbol} to @var{expression}. Symbols defined
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with @code{defl} are not protected from redefinition.
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@item @code{@var{symbol} equ @var{expression}}
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@cindex @code{equ} directive, Z80
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The @code{equ} directive is like @code{.equiv} but with different
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syntax. @xref{Equiv, ,@code{.equiv}}.
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It set the value of @var{symbol} to @var{expression}. It is an error
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if @var{symbol} is already defined. Symbols defined with @code{equ}
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are not protected from redefinition.
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@item @code{psect @var{name}}
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@cindex @code{psect} directive, Z80
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A synonym for @code{.section}, no second argument should be given.
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@xref{Section,,@code{.section}}.
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@item @code{xdef @var{symbol}}
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@cindex @code{xdef} directive, Z80
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A synonym for @code{.global}, make @var{symbol} is visible to linker.
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@xref{Global,,@code{.global}}.
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@item @code{xref @var{name}}
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@cindex @code{xref} directive, Z80
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A synonym for @code{.extern} (@ref{Extern,,@code{.extern}}).
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@ignore
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The following attributes will possibly be recognized in the future
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@table @code
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@item abs
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The section is to be absolute. @code{@value{AS}} will issue an error
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message because it can not produce an absolute section.
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@item global
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The section is to be concatenated with other sections of the same name
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by the linker, this is the default.
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@item local
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The section is not global. @code{@value{AS}} will issue a warning if
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object file format is not soff.
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@item ovrld
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The section is to be overlapped with other sections of the same name by
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the linker. @code{@value{AS}} will issue an error message
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because it can not mark a section as such.
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@item pure
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The section is marked as read only.
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@end table
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@end ignore
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@end table
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@node Z80 Opcodes
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@section Opcodes
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In line with common practice, Z80 mnemonics are used for the Z80,
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Z80N, Z180, eZ80, Ascii R800 and the GameBoy Z80.
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In many instructions it is possible to use one of the half index
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registers (@samp{ixl},@samp{ixh},@samp{iyl},@samp{iyh}) in stead of an
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8-bit general purpose register. This yields instructions that are
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documented on the eZ80 and the R800, undocumented on the Z80 and
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unsupported on the Z180.
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Similarly @code{in f,(c)} is documented on the R800, undocumented on
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the Z80 and unsupported on the Z180 and the eZ80.
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The assembler also supports the following undocumented Z80-instructions,
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that have not been adopted in any other instruction set:
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@table @code
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@item out (c),0
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Sends zero to the port pointed to by register @code{C}.
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@item sli @var{m}
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Equivalent to @code{@var{m} = (@var{m}<<1)+1}, the operand @var{m} can
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be any operand that is valid for @samp{sla}. One can use @samp{sll} as a
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synonym for @samp{sli}.
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@item @var{op} (ix+@var{d}), @var{r}
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This is equivalent to
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@example
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ld @var{r}, (ix+@var{d})
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@var{op} @var{r}
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ld (ix+@var{d}), @var{r}
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@end example
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The operation @samp{@var{op}} may be any of @samp{res @var{b},},
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@samp{set @var{b},}, @samp{rl}, @samp{rlc}, @samp{rr}, @samp{rrc},
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@samp{sla}, @samp{sli}, @samp{sra} and @samp{srl}, and the register
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@samp{@var{r}} may be any of @samp{a}, @samp{b}, @samp{c}, @samp{d},
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@samp{e}, @samp{h} and @samp{l}.
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@item @var{op} (iy+@var{d}), @var{r}
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As above, but with @samp{iy} instead of @samp{ix}.
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@end table
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The web site at @uref{http://www.z80.info} is a good starting place to
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find more information on programming the Z80.
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You may enable or disable any of these instructions for any target CPU
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even this instruction is not supported by any real CPU of this type.
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Useful for custom CPU cores.
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