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627 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
README for gdb-4.18 release
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Updated 4 Apr 1999 by Jim Blandy
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This is GDB, the GNU source-level debugger.
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A summary of new features is in the file `NEWS'.
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See the GDB home page at http://sourceware.cygnus.com/gdb/ for up to
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date release information, mailing list links and archives, etc.
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Unpacking and Installation -- quick overview
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==========================
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In this release, the GDB debugger sources, the generic GNU include
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files, the BFD ("binary file description") library, the readline
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library, and other libraries all have directories of their own
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underneath the gdb-4.18 directory. The idea is that a variety of GNU
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tools can share a common copy of these things. Be aware of variation
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over time--for example don't try to build gdb with a copy of bfd from
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a release other than the gdb release (such as a binutils or gas
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release), especially if the releases are more than a few weeks apart.
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Configuration scripts and makefiles exist to cruise up and down this
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directory tree and automatically build all the pieces in the right
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order.
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When you unpack the gdb-4.18.tar.gz file, you'll find a directory
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called `gdb-4.18', which contains:
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COPYING config.sub* libiberty/ opcodes/
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COPYING.LIB configure* mmalloc/ readline/
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Makefile.in configure.in move-if-change* sim/
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README etc/ mpw-README texinfo/
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bfd/ gdb/ mpw-build.in utils/
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config/ include/ mpw-config.in
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config.guess* install.sh* mpw-configure
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To build GDB, you can just do:
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cd gdb-4.18
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./configure
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make
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cp gdb/gdb /usr/local/bin/gdb (or wherever you want)
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(Building GDB with DJGPP tools for MS-DOS/MS-Windows is slightly
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different; see the file gdb/config/djgpp/README for details.)
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This will configure and build all the libraries as well as GDB.
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If `configure' can't determine your system type, specify one as its
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argument, e.g., sun4 or decstation.
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If you get compiler warnings during this stage, see the `Reporting Bugs'
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section below; there are a few known problems.
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GDB requires an ANSI C compiler. If you do not have an ANSI C
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compiler for your system, you may be able to download and install the
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GNU CC compiler. It is available via anonymous FTP from ftp.gnu.org,
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in /pub/gnu/gcc (as a URL, that's ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gcc).
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GDB can be used as a cross-debugger, running on a machine of one type
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while debugging a program running on a machine of another type. See below.
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More Documentation
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******************
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All the documentation for GDB comes as part of the machine-readable
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distribution. The documentation is written in Texinfo format, which is
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a documentation system that uses a single source file to produce both
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on-line information and a printed manual. You can use one of the Info
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formatting commands to create the on-line version of the documentation
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and TeX (or `texi2roff') to typeset the printed version.
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GDB includes an already formatted copy of the on-line Info version of
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this manual in the `gdb/doc' subdirectory. The main Info file is
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`gdb-4.18/gdb/doc/gdb.info', and it refers to subordinate files matching
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`gdb.info*' in the same directory. If necessary, you can print out
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these files, or read them with any editor; but they are easier to read
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using the `info' subsystem in GNU Emacs or the standalone `info' program,
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available as part of the GNU Texinfo distribution.
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If you want to format these Info files yourself, you need one of the
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Info formatting programs, such as `texinfo-format-buffer' or
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`makeinfo'.
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If you have `makeinfo' installed, and are in the top level GDB
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source directory (`gdb-4.18', in the case of version 4.18), you can make
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the Info file by typing:
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cd gdb/doc
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make info
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If you want to typeset and print copies of this manual, you need
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TeX, a program to print its DVI output files, and `texinfo.tex', the
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Texinfo definitions file. This file is included in the GDB
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distribution, in the directory `gdb-4.18/texinfo'.
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TeX is a typesetting program; it does not print files directly, but
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produces output files called DVI files. To print a typeset document,
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you need a program to print DVI files. If your system has TeX
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installed, chances are it has such a program. The precise command to
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use depends on your system; `lpr -d' is common; another (for PostScript
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devices) is `dvips'. The DVI print command may require a file name
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without any extension or a `.dvi' extension.
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TeX also requires a macro definitions file called `texinfo.tex'.
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This file tells TeX how to typeset a document written in Texinfo
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format. On its own, TeX cannot read, much less typeset a Texinfo file.
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`texinfo.tex' is distributed with GDB and is located in the
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`gdb-4.18/texinfo' directory.
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If you have TeX and a DVI printer program installed, you can typeset
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and print this manual. First switch to the the `gdb' subdirectory of
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the main source directory (for example, to `gdb-4.18/gdb') and then type:
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make gdb.dvi
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Installing GDB
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**************
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GDB comes with a `configure' script that automates the process of
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preparing GDB for installation; you can then use `make' to build the
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`gdb' program.
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The GDB distribution includes all the source code you need for GDB in
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a single directory, whose name is usually composed by appending the
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version number to `gdb'.
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For example, the GDB version 4.18 distribution is in the `gdb-4.18'
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directory. That directory contains:
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`gdb-4.18/{COPYING,COPYING.LIB}'
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Standard GNU license files. Please read them.
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`gdb-4.18/bfd'
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source for the Binary File Descriptor library
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`gdb-4.18/config*'
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script for configuring GDB, along with other support files
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`gdb-4.18/gdb'
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the source specific to GDB itself
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`gdb-4.18/include'
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GNU include files
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`gdb-4.18/libiberty'
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source for the `-liberty' free software library
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`gdb-4.18/mmalloc'
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source for the GNU memory-mapped malloc package
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`gdb-4.18/opcodes'
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source for the library of opcode tables and disassemblers
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`gdb-4.18/readline'
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source for the GNU command-line interface
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NOTE: The readline library is compiled for use by GDB, but will
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not be installed on your system when "make install" is issued.
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`gdb-4.18/sim'
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source for some simulators (ARM, D10V, SPARC, M32R, MIPS, PPC, V850, etc)
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`gdb-4.18/intl'
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source for the GNU gettext library, for internationalization.
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This is slightly modified from the standalone gettext
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distribution you can get from GNU.
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`gdb-4.18/texinfo'
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The `texinfo.tex' file, which you need in order to make a printed
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manual using TeX.
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`gdb-4.18/etc'
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Coding standards, useful files for editing GDB, and other
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miscellanea.
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`gdb-4.18/utils'
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A grab bag of random utilities.
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Note: the following instructions are for building GDB on Unix or
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Unix-like systems. Instructions for building with DJGPP for
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MS-DOS/MS-Windows are in the file gdb/config/djgpp/README.
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The simplest way to configure and build GDB is to run `configure'
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from the `gdb-VERSION-NUMBER' source directory, which in this example
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is the `gdb-4.18' directory.
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First switch to the `gdb-VERSION-NUMBER' source directory if you are
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not already in it; then run `configure'.
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For example:
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cd gdb-4.18
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./configure
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make
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Running `configure' followed by `make' builds the `bfd',
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`readline', `mmalloc', and `libiberty' libraries, then `gdb' itself.
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The configured source files, and the binaries, are left in the
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corresponding source directories.
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`configure' is a Bourne-shell (`/bin/sh') script; if your system
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does not recognize this automatically when you run a different shell,
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you may need to run `sh' on it explicitly:
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sh configure
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If you run `configure' from a directory that contains source
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directories for multiple libraries or programs, such as the `gdb-4.18'
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source directory for version 4.18, `configure' creates configuration
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files for every directory level underneath (unless you tell it not to,
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with the `--norecursion' option).
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You can run the `configure' script from any of the subordinate
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directories in the GDB distribution, if you only want to configure that
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subdirectory; but be sure to specify a path to it.
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For example, with version 4.18, type the following to configure only
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the `bfd' subdirectory:
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cd gdb-4.18/bfd
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../configure
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You can install `gdb' anywhere; it has no hardwired paths. However,
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you should make sure that the shell on your path (named by the `SHELL'
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environment variable) is publicly readable. Remember that GDB uses the
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shell to start your program--some systems refuse to let GDB debug child
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processes whose programs are not readable.
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Compiling GDB in another directory
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==================================
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If you want to run GDB versions for several host or target machines,
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you need a different `gdb' compiled for each combination of host and
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target. `configure' is designed to make this easy by allowing you to
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generate each configuration in a separate subdirectory, rather than in
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the source directory. If your `make' program handles the `VPATH'
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feature correctly (GNU `make' and SunOS 'make' are two that should),
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running `make' in each of these directories builds the `gdb' program
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specified there.
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To build `gdb' in a separate directory, run `configure' with the
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`--srcdir' option to specify where to find the source. (You also need
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to specify a path to find `configure' itself from your working
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directory. If the path to `configure' would be the same as the
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argument to `--srcdir', you can leave out the `--srcdir' option; it
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will be assumed.)
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For example, with version 4.18, you can build GDB in a separate
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directory for a Sun 4 like this:
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cd gdb-4.18
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mkdir ../gdb-sun4
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cd ../gdb-sun4
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../gdb-4.18/configure sun4
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make
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When `configure' builds a configuration using a remote source
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directory, it creates a tree for the binaries with the same structure
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(and using the same names) as the tree under the source directory. In
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the example, you'd find the Sun 4 library `libiberty.a' in the
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directory `gdb-sun4/libiberty', and GDB itself in `gdb-sun4/gdb'.
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One popular reason to build several GDB configurations in separate
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directories is to configure GDB for cross-compiling (where GDB runs on
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one machine--the host--while debugging programs that run on another
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machine--the target). You specify a cross-debugging target by giving
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the `--target=TARGET' option to `configure'.
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When you run `make' to build a program or library, you must run it
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in a configured directory--whatever directory you were in when you
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called `configure' (or one of its subdirectories).
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The `Makefile' that `configure' generates in each source directory
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also runs recursively. If you type `make' in a source directory such
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as `gdb-4.18' (or in a separate configured directory configured with
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`--srcdir=PATH/gdb-4.18'), you will build all the required libraries,
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and then build GDB.
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When you have multiple hosts or targets configured in separate
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directories, you can run `make' on them in parallel (for example, if
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they are NFS-mounted on each of the hosts); they will not interfere
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with each other.
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Specifying names for hosts and targets
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======================================
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The specifications used for hosts and targets in the `configure'
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script are based on a three-part naming scheme, but some short
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predefined aliases are also supported. The full naming scheme encodes
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three pieces of information in the following pattern:
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ARCHITECTURE-VENDOR-OS
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For example, you can use the alias `sun4' as a HOST argument or in a
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`--target=TARGET' option. The equivalent full name is
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`sparc-sun-sunos4'.
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The `configure' script accompanying GDB does not provide any query
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facility to list all supported host and target names or aliases.
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`configure' calls the Bourne shell script `config.sub' to map
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abbreviations to full names; you can read the script, if you wish, or
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you can use it to test your guesses on abbreviations--for example:
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% sh config.sub sun4
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sparc-sun-sunos4.1.1
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% sh config.sub sun3
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m68k-sun-sunos4.1.1
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% sh config.sub decstation
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mips-dec-ultrix4.2
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% sh config.sub hp300bsd
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m68k-hp-bsd
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% sh config.sub i386v
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i386-pc-sysv
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% sh config.sub i786v
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Invalid configuration `i786v': machine `i786v' not recognized
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`config.sub' is also distributed in the GDB source directory
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(`gdb-4.18', for version 4.18).
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`configure' options
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===================
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Here is a summary of the `configure' options and arguments that are
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most often useful for building GDB. `configure' also has several other
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options not listed here. *note : (configure.info)What Configure Does,
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for a full explanation of `configure'.
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configure [--help]
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[--prefix=DIR]
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[--srcdir=PATH]
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[--norecursion] [--rm]
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[--enable-build-warnings]
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[--target=TARGET]
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[--host=HOST]
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[HOST]
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You may introduce options with a single `-' rather than `--' if you
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prefer; but you may abbreviate option names if you use `--'.
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`--help'
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Display a quick summary of how to invoke `configure'.
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`-prefix=DIR'
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Configure the source to install programs and files under directory
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`DIR'.
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`--srcdir=PATH'
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*Warning: using this option requires GNU `make', or another `make'
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that compatibly implements the `VPATH' feature.*
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Use this option to make configurations in directories separate
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from the GDB source directories. Among other things, you can use
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this to build (or maintain) several configurations simultaneously,
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in separate directories. `configure' writes configuration
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specific files in the current directory, but arranges for them to
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use the source in the directory PATH. `configure' will create
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directories under the working directory in parallel to the source
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directories below PATH.
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`--norecursion'
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Configure only the directory level where `configure' is executed;
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do not propagate configuration to subdirectories.
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`--rm'
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Remove the configuration that the other arguments specify.
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`--enable-build-warnings'
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When building the GDB sources, ask the compiler to warn about any
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code which looks even vaguely suspicious. You should only using
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this feature if you're compiling with GNU CC. It passes the
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following flags:
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-Wall
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-Wpointer-arith
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-Wstrict-prototypes
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-Wmissing-prototypes
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-Wmissing-declarations
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`--target=TARGET'
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Configure GDB for cross-debugging programs running on the specified
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TARGET. Without this option, GDB is configured to debug programs
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that run on the same machine (HOST) as GDB itself.
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There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
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targets.
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`--host=HOST'
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Configure GDB to run on the specified HOST.
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There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
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hosts.
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`HOST ...'
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Same as `--host=HOST'. If you omit this, GDB will guess; it's
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quite accurate.
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`configure' accepts other options, for compatibility with configuring
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other GNU tools recursively; but these are the only options that affect
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GDB or its supporting libraries.
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||
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||
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||
Languages other than C
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||
=======================
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See the GDB manual (gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo) for information on this.
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Kernel debugging
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=================
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I have't done this myself so I can't really offer any advice.
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Remote debugging over serial lines works fine, but the kernel debugging
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code in here has not been tested in years. Van Jacobson has
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better kernel debugging, but the UC lawyers won't let FSF have it.
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Remote debugging
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||
=================
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The files m68k-stub.c, i386-stub.c, and sparc-stub.c are examples of
|
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remote stubs to be used with remote.c. They are designed to run
|
||
standalone on an m68k, i386, or SPARC cpu and communicate properly with
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the remote.c stub over a serial line.
|
||
|
||
The directory gdb/gdbserver/ contains `gdbserver', a program that
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allows remote debugging for Unix applications. gdbserver is only
|
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supported for some native configurations, including Sun 3, Sun 4,
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and Linux.
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There are a number of remote interfaces for talking to existing ROM
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monitors and other hardware:
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remote-adapt.c AMD 29000 "Adapt"
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||
remote-array.c Array Tech RAID controller
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||
remote-bug.c Motorola BUG monitor
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remote-d10v.c GDB protocol, talking to a d10v chip
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||
remote-e7000.c Hitachi E7000 ICE
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remote-eb.c AMD 29000 "EBMON"
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remote-es.c Ericsson 1800 monitor
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remote-est.c EST emulator
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||
remote-hms.c Hitachi Micro Systems H8/300 monitor
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remote-mips.c MIPS remote debugging protocol
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remote-mm.c AMD 29000 "minimon"
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remote-nindy.c Intel 960 "Nindy"
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remote-nrom.c NetROM ROM emulator
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remote-os9k.c PC running OS/9000
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remote-rdi.c ARM with Angel monitor
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remote-rdp.c ARM with Demon monitor
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remote-sds.c PowerPC SDS monitor
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remote-sim.c Generalized simulator protocol
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remote-st.c Tandem ST-2000 monitor
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remote-udi.c AMD 29000 using the AMD "Universal Debug Interface"
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remote-vx.c VxWorks realtime kernel
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Remote-vx.c and the vx-share subdirectory contain a remote interface for the
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VxWorks realtime kernel, which communicates over TCP using the Sun
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RPC library. This would be a useful starting point for other remote-
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via-ethernet back ends.
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Remote-udi.c and the 29k-share subdirectory contain a remote interface
|
||
for AMD 29000 programs, which uses the AMD "Universal Debug Interface".
|
||
This allows GDB to talk to software simulators, emulators, and/or bare
|
||
hardware boards, via network or serial interfaces. Note that GDB only
|
||
provides an interface that speaks UDI, not a complete solution. You
|
||
will need something on the other end that also speaks UDI.
|
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||
Reporting Bugs
|
||
===============
|
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|
||
The correct address for reporting bugs found in gdb is
|
||
"bug-gdb@gnu.org". Please email all bugs, and all requests for
|
||
help with GDB, to that address. Please include the GDB version number
|
||
(e.g., gdb-4.18), and how you configured it (e.g., "sun4" or "mach386
|
||
host, i586-intel-synopsys target"). Since GDB now supports so many
|
||
different configurations, it is important that you be precise about this.
|
||
If at all possible, you should include the actual banner that GDB prints
|
||
when it starts up, or failing that, the actual configure command that
|
||
you used when configuring GDB.
|
||
|
||
For more information on how/whether to report bugs, see the GDB Bugs
|
||
section of the GDB manual (gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo).
|
||
|
||
Known bugs:
|
||
|
||
* Under Ultrix 4.2 (DECstation-3100) or Alphas under OSF/1, we have
|
||
seen problems with backtraces after interrupting the inferior out
|
||
of a read(). The problem is caused by ptrace() returning an
|
||
incorrect value for the frame pointer register (register 15 or
|
||
30). As far as we can tell, this is a kernel problem. Any help
|
||
with this would be greatly appreciated.
|
||
|
||
* Under Ultrix 4.4 (DECstation-3100), setting the TERMCAP environment
|
||
variable to a string without a trailing ':' can cause GDB to dump
|
||
core upon startup. Although the core file makes it look as though
|
||
GDB code failed, the crash actually occurs within a call to the
|
||
termcap library function tgetent(). The problem can be solved by
|
||
using the GNU Termcap library.
|
||
|
||
Alphas running OSF/1 (versions 1.0 through 2.1) have the same buggy
|
||
termcap code, but GDB behaves strangely rather than crashing.
|
||
|
||
* On DECstations there are warnings about shift counts out of range in
|
||
various BFD modules. None of them is a cause for alarm, they are actually
|
||
a result of bugs in the DECstation compiler.
|
||
|
||
* Notes for the DEC Alpha using OSF/1:
|
||
The debugging output of native cc has two known problems; we view these
|
||
as compiler bugs.
|
||
The linker miscompacts symbol tables, which causes gdb to confuse the
|
||
type of variables or results in `struct <illegal>' type outputs.
|
||
dbx has the same problems with those executables. A workaround is to
|
||
specify -Wl,-b when linking, but that will increase the executable size
|
||
considerably.
|
||
If a structure has incomplete type in one file (e.g., "struct foo *"
|
||
without a definition for "struct foo"), gdb will be unable to find the
|
||
structure definition from another file.
|
||
It has been reported that the Ultrix 4.3A compiler on decstations has the
|
||
same problems.
|
||
|
||
* Notes for Solaris 2.x, using the SPARCworks cc compiler:
|
||
You have to compile your program with the -xs option of the SPARCworks
|
||
compiler to be able to debug your program with gdb.
|
||
Under Solaris 2.3 you also need patch 101409-03 (Jumbo linker patch).
|
||
Under Solaris 2.2, if you have patch 101052 installed, make sure
|
||
that it is at least at revision 101052-06.
|
||
|
||
* Under Irix 5 for SGIs, you must have installed the `compiler_dev.hdr'
|
||
subsystem that is on the IDO CD, otherwise you will get complaints
|
||
that certain files such as `/usr/include/syms.h' cannot be found.
|
||
|
||
* Notes for BSD/386:
|
||
To compile gdb-4.18 on BSD/386, you must run the configure script and
|
||
its subscripts with bash. Here is an easy way to do this:
|
||
|
||
bash -c 'CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash ./configure'
|
||
|
||
(configure will report i386-unknown-bsd). Then, compile with the
|
||
standard "make" command.
|
||
|
||
GDB can produce warnings about symbols that it does not understand. By
|
||
default, these warnings are disabled. You can enable them by executing
|
||
`set complaint 10' (which you can put in your ~/.gdbinit if you like).
|
||
I recommend doing this if you are working on a compiler, assembler,
|
||
linker, or GDB, since it will point out problems that you may be able
|
||
to fix. Warnings produced during symbol reading indicate some mismatch
|
||
between the object file and GDB's symbol reading code. In many cases,
|
||
it's a mismatch between the specs for the object file format, and what
|
||
the compiler actually outputs or the debugger actually understands.
|
||
|
||
|
||
X Windows versus GDB
|
||
=====================
|
||
|
||
You should check out DDD, the Data Display Debugger. Here's the blurb
|
||
from the DDD web site, http://www.cs.tu-bs.de/softech/ddd:
|
||
|
||
The Data Display Debugger (DDD) is a popular graphical user
|
||
interface for command-line debuggers such as GDB, DBX, JDB, WDB,
|
||
XDB, the Perl debugger, and the Python debugger. Besides ``usual''
|
||
front-end features such as viewing source texts, DDD has become
|
||
famous through its interactive graphical data display, where data
|
||
structures are displayed as graphs. A simple mouse click
|
||
dereferences pointers or views structure contents, updated each
|
||
time the program stops. Using DDD, you can reason about your
|
||
application by watching its data, not just by viewing it execute
|
||
lines of source code.
|
||
|
||
Emacs users will very likely enjoy the Grand Unified Debugger mode;
|
||
try typing `M-x gdb RET'.
|
||
|
||
Those interested in experimenting with a new kind of gdb-mode
|
||
should load gdb/gdba.el into GNU Emacs 19.25 or later. Comments
|
||
on this mode are also welcome.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Writing Code for GDB
|
||
=====================
|
||
|
||
There is a lot of information about writing code for GDB in the
|
||
internals manual, distributed with GDB in gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo. You
|
||
can read it by hand, print it by using TeX and texinfo, or process it
|
||
into an `info' file for use with Emacs' info mode or the standalone
|
||
`info' program.
|
||
|
||
If you are pondering writing anything but a short patch, especially
|
||
take note of the information about copyrights in the node Submitting
|
||
Patches. It can take quite a while to get all the paperwork done, so
|
||
we encourage you to start that process as soon as you decide you are
|
||
planning to work on something, or at least well ahead of when you
|
||
think you will be ready to submit the patches.
|
||
|
||
|
||
GDB Testsuite
|
||
=============
|
||
|
||
There is a DejaGNU based testsuite available for testing your newly
|
||
built GDB, or for regression testing GDBs with local modifications.
|
||
|
||
Running the testsuite requires the prior installation of DejaGNU,
|
||
which is generally available via ftp; you'll need a pretty recent
|
||
release. Once DejaGNU is installed, you can run the tests in one of
|
||
two ways:
|
||
|
||
(1) cd gdb-4.18/gdb (assuming you also unpacked gdb)
|
||
make check
|
||
|
||
or
|
||
|
||
(2) cd gdb-4.18/gdb/testsuite
|
||
make site.exp (builds the site specific file)
|
||
runtest -tool gdb GDB=../gdb (or GDB=<somepath> as appropriate)
|
||
|
||
The second method gives you slightly more control in case of problems with
|
||
building one or more test executables or if you are using the testsuite
|
||
'standalone', without it being part of the GDB source tree.
|
||
|
||
See the DejaGNU documentation for further details.
|
||
|
||
|
||
(this is for editing this file with GNU emacs)
|
||
Local Variables:
|
||
mode: text
|
||
End:
|