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The result of running etc/update-copyright.py --this-year, fixing all the files whose mode is changed by the script, plus a build with --enable-maintainer-mode --enable-cgen-maint=yes, then checking out */po/*.pot which we don't update frequently. The copy of cgen was with commit d1dd5fcc38ead reverted as that commit breaks building of bfp opcodes files.
288 lines
8.8 KiB
Plaintext
288 lines
8.8 KiB
Plaintext
@c Copyright (C) 2018-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c This is part of the GAS manual.
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@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
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@ifset GENERIC
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@page
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@node S12Z-Dependent
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@chapter S12Z Dependent Features
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@end ifset
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@ifclear GENERIC
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@node Machine Dependencies
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@chapter S12Z Dependent Features
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@end ifclear
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The Freescale S12Z version of @code{@value{AS}} has a few machine
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dependent features.
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@cindex S12Z support
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@menu
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* S12Z Options:: S12Z Options
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* S12Z Syntax:: Syntax
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@end menu
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@node S12Z Options
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@section S12Z Options
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@cindex options, S12Z
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@cindex S12Z options
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The S12Z version of @code{@value{AS}} recognizes the following options:
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@table @samp
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@item -mreg-prefix=@var{prefix}
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@cindex @samp{-mreg-prefix=@var{prefix}} option, reg-prefix
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You can use the @samp{-mreg-prefix=@var{pfx}} option to indicate
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that the assembler should expect all register names to be prefixed with the
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string @var{pfx}.
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For an explanation of what this means and why it might be needed,
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see @ref{S12Z Register Notation}.
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@item -mdollar-hex
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@cindex @samp{-mdollar-hex} option, dollar-hex
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@cindex hexadecimal prefix, S12Z
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The @samp{-mdollar-hex} option affects the way that literal hexadecimal constants
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are represented. When this option is specified, the assembler will consider
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the @samp{$} character as the start of a hexadecimal integer constant. Without
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this option, the standard value of @samp{0x} is expected.
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If you use this option, then you cannot have symbol names starting with @samp{$}.
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@samp{-mdollar-hex} is implied if the @samp{--traditional-format}
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(@pxref{traditional-format}) is used.
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@end table
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@node S12Z Syntax
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@section Syntax
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@menu
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* S12Z Syntax Overview:: General description
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* S12Z Addressing Modes:: Operands and their semantics
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* S12Z Register Notation:: How to refer to registers
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@end menu
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@cindex S12Z syntax
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@cindex syntax, S12Z
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@node S12Z Syntax Overview
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@subsection Overview
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In the S12Z syntax, the instruction name comes first and it may
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be followed by one, or by several operands.
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In most cases the maximum number of operands is three.
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Operands are separated by a comma (@samp{,}).
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A comma however does not act as a separator if it appears within parentheses
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(@samp{()}) or within square brackets (@samp{[]}).
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@code{@value{AS}} will complain if too many, too few or inappropriate operands
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are specified for a given instruction.
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Some instructions accept and (in certain situations require) a suffix
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indicating the size of the operand.
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The suffix is separated from the instruction name by a period (@samp{.})
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and may be one of @samp{b}, @samp{w}, @samp{p} or @samp{l} indicating
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`byte' (a single byte), `word' (2 bytes), `pointer' (3 bytes) or `long' (4 bytes)
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respectively.
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Example:
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@smallexample
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bset.b 0xA98, #5
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mov.b #6, 0x2409
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ld d0, #4
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mov.l (d0, x), 0x2409
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inc d0
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cmp d0, #12
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blt *-4
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lea x, 0x2409
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st y, (1, x)
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@end smallexample
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@cindex line comment character, S12Z
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The presence of a @samp{;} character anywhere
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on a line indicates the start of a comment that extends to the end of
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that line.
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A @samp{*} or a @samp{#} character at the start of a line also
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introduces a line comment, but these characters do not work elsewhere
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on the line. If the first character of the line is a @samp{#} then as
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well as starting a comment, the line could also be logical line number
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directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor control command
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(@pxref{Preprocessing}).
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@cindex line separator, S12Z
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@cindex statement separator, S12Z
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@cindex S12Z line separator
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The S12Z assembler does not currently support a line separator
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character.
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@node S12Z Addressing Modes
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@subsection Addressing Modes
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@cindex S12Z addressing modes
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@cindex addressing modes, S12Z
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The following addressing modes are understood for the S12Z.
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@table @dfn
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@item Immediate
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@samp{#@var{number}}
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@item Immediate Bit Field
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@samp{#@var{width}:@var{offset}}
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Bit field instructions in the immediate mode require the width and offset to
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be specified.
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The @var{width} parameter specifies the number of bits in the field.
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It should be a number in the range [1,32].
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@var{Offset} determines the position within the field where the operation
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should start.
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It should be a number in the range [0,31].
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@item Relative
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@samp{*@var{symbol}}, or @samp{*[+-]@var{digits}}
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Program counter relative addresses have a width of 15 bits.
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Thus, they must be within the range [-32768, 32767].
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@item Register
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@samp{@var{reg}}
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@cindex register names, S12Z
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Some instructions accept a register as an operand.
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In general, @var{reg} may be a
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data register (@samp{D0}, @samp{D1} @dots{} @samp{D7}),
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the @samp{X} register or the @samp{Y} register.
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A few instructions accept as an argument the stack pointer
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register (@samp{S}), and/or the program counter (@samp{P}).
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Some very special instructions accept arguments which refer to the
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condition code register. For these arguments the syntax is
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@samp{CCR}, @samp{CCH} or @samp{CCL} which refer to the complete
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condition code register, the condition code register high byte
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and the condition code register low byte respectively.
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@item Absolute Direct
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@samp{@var{symbol}}, or @samp{@var{digits}}
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@item Absolute Indirect
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@samp{[@var{symbol}}, or @samp{@var{digits}]}
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@item Constant Offset Indexed
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@samp{(@var{number},@var{reg})}
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@var{Reg} may be either @samp{X}, @samp{Y}, @samp{S} or
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@samp{P} or one of the data registers @samp{D0}, @samp{D1} @dots{}
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@samp{D7}.
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If any of the registers @samp{D2} @dots{} @samp{D5} are specified, then the
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register value is treated as a signed value.
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Otherwise it is treated as unsigned.
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@var{Number} may be any integer in the range [-8388608,8388607].
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@item Offset Indexed Indirect
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@samp{[@var{number},@var{reg}]}
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@var{Reg} may be either @samp{X}, @samp{Y}, @samp{S} or
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@samp{P}.
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@var{Number} may be any integer in the range [-8388608,8388607].
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@item Auto Pre-Increment/Pre-Decrement/Post-Increment/Post-Decrement
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@samp{-@var{reg}},
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@samp{+@var{reg}},
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@samp{@var{reg}-} or
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@samp{@var{reg}+}
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This addressing mode is typically used to access a value at an address,
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and simultaneously to increment/decrement the register pointing to that
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address.
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Thus @var{reg} may be any of the 24 bit registers @samp{X}, @samp{Y}, or
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@samp{S}.
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Pre-increment and post-decrement are not available for
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register @samp{S} (only post-increment and pre-decrement are available).
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@item Register Offset Direct
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@samp{(@var{data-reg},@var{reg})}
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@var{Reg} can be either @samp{X}, @samp{Y}, or @samp{S}.
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@var{Data-reg}
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must be one of the data registers @samp{D0}, @samp{D1} @dots{} @samp{D7}.
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If any of the registers @samp{D2} @dots{} @samp{D5} are specified, then
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the register value is treated as a signed value.
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Otherwise it is treated as unsigned.
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@item Register Offset Indirect
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@samp{[@var{data-reg},@var{reg}]}
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@var{Reg} can be either @samp{X} or @samp{Y}.
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@var{Data-reg}
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must be one of the data registers @samp{D0}, @samp{D1} @dots{} @samp{D7}.
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If any of the registers @samp{D2} @dots{} @samp{D5} are specified, then
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the register value is treated as a signed value.
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Otherwise it is treated as unsigned.
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@end table
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For example:
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@smallexample
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trap #197 ;; Immediate mode
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bra *+49 ;; Relative mode
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bra .L0 ;; ditto
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jmp 0xFE0034 ;; Absolute direct mode
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jmp [0xFD0012] ;; Absolute indirect mode
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inc.b (4,x) ;; Constant offset indexed mode
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jsr (45, d0) ;; ditto
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dec.w [4,y] ;; Constant offset indexed indirect mode
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clr.p (-s) ;; Pre-decrement mode
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neg.l (d0, s) ;; Register offset direct mode
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com.b [d1, x] ;; Register offset indirect mode
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psh cch ;; Register mode
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@end smallexample
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@node S12Z Register Notation
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@subsection Register Notation
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@cindex register notation, S12Z
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Without a register prefix (@pxref{S12Z Options}), S12Z assembler code is expected in the traditional
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format like this:
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@smallexample
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lea s, (-2,s)
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st d2, (0,s)
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ld x, symbol
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tfr d2, d6
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cmp d6, #1532
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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However, if @code{@value{AS}} is started with (for example) @samp{-mreg-prefix=%}
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then all register names must be prefixed with @samp{%} as follows:
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@smallexample
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lea %s, (-2,%s)
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st %d2, (0,%s)
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ld %x, symbol
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tfr %d2, %d6
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cmp %d6, #1532
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@end smallexample
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The register prefix feature is intended to be used by compilers
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to avoid ambiguity between symbols and register names.
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Consider the following assembler instruction:
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@smallexample
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st d0, d1
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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The destination operand of this instruction could either refer to the register
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@samp{D1}, or it could refer to the symbol named ``d1''.
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If the latter is intended then @code{@value{AS}} must be invoked with
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@samp{-mreg-prefix=@var{pfx}} and the code written as
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@smallexample
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st @var{pfx}d0, d1
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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where @var{pfx} is the chosen register prefix.
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For this reason, compiler back-ends should choose a register prefix which
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cannot be confused with a symbol name.
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