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Nick Clifton fbaf61ad52 Andes Technology has good news for you, we plan to update the nds32 port of binutils on upstream! 
We have not only removed all unsupported and obsolete code, but also supported lost of new features,
including better link-time relaxations and TLS implementations. Besides, the files generated by the
newly assembler and linker usually get higher performance and more optimized code size.

ld	* emultempl/nds32elf.em (hyper_relax): New variable.
	(nds32_elf_create_output_section_statements):
	the parameters of bfd_elf32_nds32_set_target_option
	(PARSE_AND_LIST_PROLOGUE, PARSE_AND_LIST_OPTIONS,
	PARSE_AND_LIST_ARGS_CASES): Add new option --mhyper-relax.
	* emultempl/nds32elf.em (nds32_elf_after_open): Updated.
	* emultempl/nds32elf.em (tls_desc_trampoline): New variable.
	* (nds32_elf_create_output_section_statements): Updated.
	* (nds32_elf_after_parse): Disable relaxations when PIC is enable.
	* (PARSE_AND_LIST_PROLOGUE, PARSE_AND_LIST_OPTIONS,
	PARSE_AND_LIST_ARGS_CASES): Add new option --m[no-]tlsdesc-trampoline.

include	* elf/nds32.h: Remove the unused target features.
	* dis-asm.h (disassemble_init_nds32): Declared.
	* elf/nds32.h (E_NDS32_NULL): Removed.
	(E_NDS32_HAS_DSP_INST, E_NDS32_HAS_ZOL): New.
	* opcode/nds32.h: Ident.
	(N32_SUB6, INSN_LW): New macros.
	(enum n32_opcodes): Updated.
	* elf/nds32.h: Doc fixes.
	* elf/nds32.h: Add R_NDS32_LSI.
	* elf/nds32.h: Add new relocations for TLS.

gas 	* config/tc-nds32.c: Remove the unused target features.
	(nds32_relax_relocs, md_pseudo_table, nds32_elf_record_fixup_exp,
	nds32_set_elf_flags_by_insn, nds32_insert_relax_entry,
	nds32_apply_fix): Likewise.
	(nds32_no_ex9_begin): Removed.
	* config/tc-nds32.c (add_mapping_symbol_for_align,
	make_mapping_symbol, add_mapping_symbol): New functions.
	* config/tc-nds32.h (enum mstate): New.
	(nds32_segment_info_type): Likewise.
	* configure.ac (--enable-dsp-ext, --enable-zol-ext): New options.
	* config.in: Regenerated.
	* configure: Regenerated.
	* config/tc-nds32.c (nds32_dx_regs):
	Set the value according to the configuration.
	(nds32_perf_ext, nds32_perf_ext2, nds32_string_ext, nds32_audio_ext):
	Likewise.
	(nds32_dsp_ext): New variable. Set the value according to the
	configuration.
	(nds32_zol_ext): Likewise.
	(asm_desc, nds32_pseudo_opcode_table): Make them static.
	(nds32_set_elf_flags_by_insn): Updated.
	(nds32_check_insn_available): Updated.
	(nds32_str_tolower): New function.
	* config/tc-nds32.c (relax_table): Updated.
	(md_begin): Updated.
	(md_assemble): Use XNEW macro to allocate space for `insn.info',
	and then remember to free it.
	(md_section_align): Cast (-1) to ValueT.
	(nds32_get_align): Cast (~0U) to addressT.
	(nds32_relax_branch_instructions): Updated.
	(md_convert_frag): Add new local variable `final_r_type'.
	(invalid_prev_frag): Add new bfd_boolean parameter `relax'.
	All callers changed.
	* config/tc-nds32.c (struct nds32_relocs_pattern): Add `insn' field.
	(struct nds32_hint_map): Add `option_list' field.
	(struct suffix_name, suffix_table): Remove the unused `pic' field.
	(do_pseudo_b, do_pseudo_bal): Remove the suffix checking.
	(do_pseudo_la_internal, do_pseudo_pushpopm): Indent.
	(relax_hint_bias, relax_hint_id_current): New static variables.
	(reset_bias, relax_hint_begin): New variables.
	(nds_itoa): New function.
	(CLEAN_REG, GET_OPCODE): New macros.
	(struct relax_hint_id): New.
	(nds32_relax_hint): For .relax_hint directive, we can use `begin'
	and `end' to mark the relax pattern without giving exactly id number.
	(nds32_elf_append_relax_relocs): Handle the case that the .relax_hint
	directives are attached to pseudo instruction.
	(nds32_elf_save_pseudo_pattern): Change the second parameter from
	instruction's opcode to byte code.
	(nds32_elf_build_relax_relation): Add new bfd_boolean parameter
	`pseudo_hint'.
	(nds32_lookup_pseudo_opcode): Fix the overflow issue.
	(enum nds32_insn_type): Add N32_RELAX_ALU1 and N32_RELAX_16BIT.
	(nds32_elf_record_fixup_exp, relax_ls_table, hint_map,
	nds32_find_reloc_table, nds32_match_hint_insn, nds32_parse_name):
	Updated.
	* config/tc-nds32.h (MAX_RELAX_NUM): Extend it to 6.
	(enum nds32_relax_hint_type): Merge NDS32_RELAX_HINT_LA and
	NDS32_RELAX_HINT_LS into NDS32_RELAX_HINT_LALS. Add
	NDS32_RELAX_HINT_LA_PLT, NDS32_RELAX_HINT_LA_GOT and
	NDS32_RELAX_HINT_LA_GOTOFF.
	* config/tc-nds32.h (relax_ls_table): Add floating load/store
	to gp relax pattern.
	(hint_map, nds32_find_reloc_table): Likewise.
	* configure.ac: Define NDS32_LINUX_TOOLCHAIN.
	* configure: Regenerated.
	* config.in: Regenerated.
	* config/tc-nds32.h (enum nds32_ramp): Updated.
	(enum nds32_relax_hint_type): Likewise.
	* config/tc-nds32.c: Include "errno.h" and "limits.h".
	(relax_ls_table): Add TLS relax patterns.
	(nds32_elf_append_relax_relocs): Attach BFD_RELOC_NDS32_GROUP on
	each instructions of TLS patterns.
	(nds32_elf_record_fixup_exp): Updated.
	(nds32_apply_fix): Likewise.
	(suffix_table): Add TLSDESC suffix.

binutils* testsuite/binutils-all/objcopy.exp: Set the unsupported reloc number
	from 215 to 255 for NDS32.

bfd	* elf32-nds32.c (nds32_elf_relax_loadstore):
	Remove the unused target features.
	(bfd_elf32_nds32_set_target_option): Remove the unused parameters.
	(nds32_elf_relax_piclo12, nds32_elf_relax_letlslo12,
	nds32_elf_relax_letlsadd, nds32_elf_relax_letlsls,
	nds32_elf_relax_pltgot_suff, nds32_elf_relax_got_suff
	nds32_elf_relax_gotoff_suff, calculate_plt_memory_address,
	calculate_plt_offset, calculate_got_memory_address,
	nds32_elf_check_dup_relocs): Removed.
	All callers changed.
	* elf32-nds32.h: Remove the unused macros and defines.
	(elf_nds32_link_hash_table): Remove the unused variable.
	(bfd_elf32_nds32_set_target_option): Update prototype.
	(nds32_elf_ex9_init): Removed.
	* elf32-nds32.c (nds32_convert_32_to_16): Updated.
	* elf32-nds32.c (HOWTO2, HOWTO3): Define new HOWTO macros
	to initialize array nds32_elf_howto_table in any order
	without lots of EMPTY_HOWTO.
	(nds32_reloc_map): Updated.
	* reloc.c: Add BFD_RELOC_NDS32_LSI.
	* bfd-in2.h: Regenerated.
	* bfd/libbfd.h: Regenerated.
	* elf32-nds32.c (nds32_elf_relax_howto_table): Add R_NDS32_LSI.
	(nds32_reloc_map): Likewise.
	(nds32_elf_relax_flsi): New function.
	(nds32_elf_relax_section): Support floating load/store relaxation.
	* elf32-nds32.c (NDS32_GUARD_SEC_P, elf32_nds32_local_gp_offset):
	New macro.
	(struct elf_nds32_link_hash_entry): New `offset_to_gp' field.
	(struct elf_nds32_obj_tdata): New `offset_to_gp' and `hdr_size' fields.
	(elf32_nds32_allocate_local_sym_info, nds32_elf_relax_guard,
	nds32_elf_is_target_special_symbol, nds32_elf_maybe_function_sym):
	New functions.
	(nds32_info_to_howto_rel): Add BFD_ASSERT.
	(bfd_elf32_bfd_reloc_type_table_lookup, nds32_elf_link_hash_newfunc,
	nds32_elf_link_hash_table_create, nds32_elf_relocate_section,
	nds32_elf_relax_loadstore, nds32_elf_relax_lo12, nds32_relax_adjust_label,
	bfd_elf32_nds32_set_target_option, nds32_fag_mark_relax): Updated.
	(nds32_elf_final_sda_base): Improve it to find the better gp value.
	(insert_nds32_elf_blank): Must consider `len' when inserting blanks.
	* elf32-nds32.h (bfd_elf32_nds32_set_target_option): Update prototype.
	(struct elf_nds32_link_hash_table): Add new variable `hyper_relax'.
	* elf32-nds32.c (elf32_nds32_allocate_dynrelocs): New function.
	(create_got_section): Likewise.
	(allocate_dynrelocs, nds32_elf_size_dynamic_sections,
	nds32_elf_relocate_section, nds32_elf_finish_dynamic_symbol): Updated.
	(nds32_elf_check_relocs): Fix the issue that the shared library may
	has TEXTREL entry in the dynamic section.
	(nds32_elf_create_dynamic_sections): Enable to call readonly_dynrelocs
	since the TEXTREL issue is fixed in the nds32_elf_check_relocs.
	(nds32_elf_finish_dynamic_sections): Update and add DT_RELASZ
	dynamic entry.
	(calculate_offset): Remove the unused parameter `pic_ext_target' and
	related codes.
	All callers changed.
	(elf_backend_dtrel_excludes_plt): Disable it temporarily since it
	will cause some errors for our test cases.
	* elf32-nds32.c (nds32_elf_merge_private_bfd_data): Allow to link the
	generic object.
	* reloc.c: Add TLS relocations.
	* libbfd.h: Regenerated.
	* bfd-in2.h: Regenerated.
	* elf32-nds32.h (struct section_id_list_t): New.
	(elf32_nds32_lookup_section_id, elf32_nds32_check_relax_group,
	elf32_nds32_unify_relax_group, nds32_elf_unify_tls_model):
	New prototypes.
	(elf32_nds32_compute_jump_table_size, elf32_nds32_local_tlsdesc_gotent):
	New macro.
	(nds32_insertion_sort, bfd_elf32_nds32_set_target_option,
	elf_nds32_link_hash_table): Updated.
	* elf32-nds32.c (enum elf_nds32_tls_type): New.
	(struct elf32_nds32_relax_group_t, struct relax_group_list_t): New.
	(elf32_nds32_add_dynreloc, patch_tls_desc_to_ie, get_tls_type,
	fls, ones32, list_insert, list_insert_sibling, dump_chain,
	elf32_nds32_check_relax_group, elf32_nds32_lookup_section_id,
	elf32_nds32_unify_relax_group, nds32_elf_unify_tls_model): New functions.
	(elf_nds32_obj_tdata): Add new fields.
	(elf32_nds32_relax_group_ptr, nds32_elf_local_tlsdesc_gotent): New macros.
	(nds32_elf_howto_table): Add TLS relocations.
	(nds32_reloc_map): Likewise.
	(nds32_elf_copy_indirect_symbol, nds32_elf_size_dynamic_sections,
	nds32_elf_finish_dynamic_symbol, elf32_nds32_allocate_local_sym_info,
	nds32_elf_relocate_section, bfd_elf32_nds32_set_target_option,
	nds32_elf_check_relocs, allocate_dynrelocs): Updated.
	(nds32_elf_relax_section): Call nds32_elf_unify_tls_model.
	(dtpoff_base): Rename it to `gottpof' and then update it.

opcodes	* nds32-asm.c (operand_fields): Remove the unused fields.
	(nds32_opcodes): Remove the unused instructions.
	* nds32-dis.c (nds32_ex9_info): Removed.
	(nds32_parse_opcode): Updated.
	(print_insn_nds32): Likewise.
	* nds32-asm.c (config.h, stdlib.h, string.h): New includes.
	(LEX_SET_FIELD, LEX_GET_FIELD): Update defines.
	(nds32_asm_init, build_operand_hash_table, build_keyword_hash_table,
	build_opcode_hash_table): New functions.
	(nds32_keyword_table, nds32_keyword_count_table, nds32_field_table,
	nds32_opcode_table): New.
	(hw_ktabs): Declare it to a pointer rather than an array.
	(build_hash_table): Removed.
	* nds32-asm.h (enum): Add SYN_INPUT, SYN_OUTPUT, SYN_LOPT,
	SYN_ROPT and upadte HW_GPR and HW_INT.
	* nds32-dis.c (keywords): Remove const.
	(match_field): New function.
	(nds32_parse_opcode): Updated.
	* disassemble.c (disassemble_init_for_target):
	Add disassemble_init_nds32.
	* nds32-dis.c (eum map_type): New.
	(nds32_private_data): Likewise.
	(get_mapping_symbol_type, is_mapping_symbol, nds32_symbol_is_valid,
	nds32_add_opcode_hash_table, disassemble_init_nds32): New functions.
	(print_insn_nds32): Updated.
	* nds32-asm.c (parse_aext_reg): Add new parameter.
	(parse_re, parse_re2, parse_aext_reg): Only reduced registers
	are allowed to use.
	All callers changed.
	* nds32-asm.c (keyword_usr, keyword_sr): Updated.
	(operand_fields): Add new fields.
	(nds32_opcodes): Add new instructions.
	(keyword_aridxi_mx): New keyword.
	* nds32-asm.h (enum): Add NASM_ATTR_DSP_ISAEXT, HW_AEXT_ARIDXI_MX
	and NASM_ATTR_ZOL.
	(ALU2_1, ALU2_2, ALU2_3): New macros.
	* nds32-dis.c (nds32_filter_unknown_insn): Updated.
2018-09-20 13:32:58 +01:00
..
emulparams Add support for the C_SKY series of processors. 2018-07-30 12:24:14 +01:00
emultempl Andes Technology has good news for you, we plan to update the nds32 port of binutils on upstream! 2018-09-20 13:32:58 +01:00
po Updated Finnish translation for the ld sub-directory. 2018-09-03 13:40:32 +01:00
scripttempl Don't emit data_section_size when -r is specified 2018-09-16 17:50:09 +02:00
testsuite Andes Technology has good news for you, we plan to update the nds32 port of binutils on upstream! 2018-09-20 13:32:58 +01:00
.gitignore
aclocal.m4 Bump to autoconf 2.69 and automake 1.15.1 2018-06-19 16:55:06 -04:00
ChangeLog Andes Technology has good news for you, we plan to update the nds32 port of binutils on upstream! 2018-09-20 13:32:58 +01:00
ChangeLog-0001
ChangeLog-0203
ChangeLog-2004
ChangeLog-2005
ChangeLog-2006
ChangeLog-2007
ChangeLog-2008
ChangeLog-2009
ChangeLog-2010
ChangeLog-2011
ChangeLog-2012
ChangeLog-2013
ChangeLog-2014
ChangeLog-2015
ChangeLog-2016
ChangeLog-2017
ChangeLog-9197
ChangeLog-9899
config.in Bump to autoconf 2.69 and automake 1.15.1 2018-06-19 16:55:06 -04:00
configure Regenerate configure and pot files with updated binutils version number. 2018-06-24 19:13:01 +01:00
configure.ac Bump to autoconf 2.69 and automake 1.15.1 2018-06-19 16:55:06 -04:00
configure.host
configure.tgt Add support for the C_SKY series of processors. 2018-07-30 12:24:14 +01:00
deffile.h
deffilep.y
dep-in.sed
elf-hints-local.h
fdl.texi
gen-doc.texi Add support for the C_SKY series of processors. 2018-07-30 12:24:14 +01:00
genscrba.sh
genscripts.sh ld: Enable using separate linker script for -z relro 2018-07-18 13:20:06 +02:00
h8-doc.texi Bump to autoconf 2.69 and automake 1.15.1 2018-06-19 16:55:06 -04:00
ld.h
ld.texi Update the documentation of the linker's --hash-style option. 2018-08-21 16:16:09 +01:00
ldbuildid.c
ldbuildid.h
ldcref.c
ldctor.c
ldctor.h
ldemul.c
ldemul.h
ldexp.c LD: Always make a SEGMENT_START expression section-relative 2018-09-14 20:22:56 +01:00
ldexp.h Delay evaluation of alignment expressions in output sections 2018-08-26 22:45:59 +09:30
ldfile.c
ldfile.h
ldgram.y PR23648, Symbols based on MEMORY regions confuse --gc-sections 2018-09-19 15:08:48 +09:30
ldint.texi Fix use of "command line X" in binutils doc 2018-07-02 11:18:24 +01:00
ldlang.c PR23648, Symbols based on MEMORY regions confuse --gc-sections 2018-09-19 15:08:48 +09:30
ldlang.h Delay evaluation of alignment expressions in output sections 2018-08-26 22:45:59 +09:30
ldlex-wrapper.c
ldlex.h
ldlex.l Update PRU assembler to corect hardware register numbering for DWARF. 2018-08-03 10:02:39 +01:00
ldmain.c Tweak map file output for pei386_auto_import 2018-09-19 15:08:48 +09:30
ldmain.h
ldmisc.c
ldmisc.h
ldver.c
ldver.h
ldwrite.c
ldwrite.h
lexsup.c ld: Properly display default for -z separate-code 2018-07-04 06:22:51 -07:00
MAINTAINERS
Makefile.am Prune BFD warnings for unknown GNU properties 2018-08-23 06:12:50 -07:00
Makefile.in Prune BFD warnings for unknown GNU properties 2018-08-23 06:12:50 -07:00
mri.c
mri.h
NEWS Add support for the C_SKY series of processors. 2018-07-30 12:24:14 +01:00
pe-dll.c
pe-dll.h
pep-dll.c
pep-dll.h
plugin.c ld: Set non_ir_ref_regular for --undefined SYMBOL 2018-07-04 06:29:13 -07:00
plugin.h
README Bump to autoconf 2.69 and automake 1.15.1 2018-06-19 16:55:06 -04:00
stamp-h.in
sysdep.h
testplug2.c
testplug3.c
testplug4.c
testplug.c
TODO

README

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		README for LD

This is the GNU linker.  It is distributed with other "binary
utilities" which should be in ../binutils.  See ../binutils/README for
more general notes, including where to send bug reports.

There are many features of the linker:

* The linker uses a Binary File Descriptor library (../bfd)
  that it uses to read and write object files.  This helps
  insulate the linker itself from the format of object files.

* The linker supports a number of different object file
  formats.  It can even handle multiple formats at once:
  Read two input formats and write a third.

* The linker can be configured for cross-linking.

* The linker supports a control language.

* There is a user manual (ld.texi), as well as the
  beginnings of an internals manual (ldint.texi).

Installation
============

See ../binutils/README.

If you want to make a cross-linker, you may want to specify
a different search path of -lfoo libraries than the default.
You can do this by setting the LIB_PATH variable in ./Makefile
or using the --with-lib-path configure switch.

To build just the linker, make the target all-ld from the top level
directory (one directory above this one).

Porting to a new target
=======================

See the ldint.texi manual.

Reporting bugs etc
===========================

See ../binutils/README.

Known problems
==============

The Solaris linker normally exports all dynamic symbols from an
executable.  The GNU linker does not do this by default.  This is
because the GNU linker tries to present the same interface for all
similar targets (in this case, all native ELF targets).  This does not
matter for normal programs, but it can make a difference for programs
which try to dlopen an executable, such as PERL or Tcl.  You can make
the GNU linker export all dynamic symbols with the -E or
--export-dynamic command line option.

HP/UX 9.01 has a shell bug that causes the linker scripts to be
generated incorrectly.  The symptom of this appears to be "fatal error
- scanner input buffer overflow" error messages.  There are various
workarounds to this:
  * Build and install bash, and build with "make SHELL=bash".
  * Update to a version of HP/UX with a working shell (e.g., 9.05).
  * Replace "(. ${srcdir}/scripttempl/${SCRIPT_NAME}.sc)" in
    genscripts.sh with "sh ${srcdir}..." (no parens) and make sure the
    emulparams script used exports any shell variables it sets.

Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
notice and this notice are preserved.