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The result of running etc/update-copyright.py --this-year, fixing all the files whose mode is changed by the script, plus a build with --enable-maintainer-mode --enable-cgen-maint=yes, then checking out */po/*.pot which we don't update frequently. The copy of cgen was with commit d1dd5fcc38ead reverted as that commit breaks building of bfp opcodes files.
268 lines
7.5 KiB
Plaintext
268 lines
7.5 KiB
Plaintext
@c Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c This is part of the GAS manual.
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@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
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@c man end
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@ifset GENERIC
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@page
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@node NiosII-Dependent
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@chapter Nios II Dependent Features
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@end ifset
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@ifclear GENERIC
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@node Machine Dependencies
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@chapter Nios II Dependent Features
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@end ifclear
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@cindex Altera Nios II support
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@cindex Nios support
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@cindex Nios II support
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@menu
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* Nios II Options:: Options
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* Nios II Syntax:: Syntax
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* Nios II Relocations:: Relocations
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* Nios II Directives:: Nios II Machine Directives
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* Nios II Opcodes:: Opcodes
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@end menu
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@node Nios II Options
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@section Options
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@cindex Nios II options
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@cindex options for Nios II
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@c man begin OPTIONS
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@table @gcctabopt
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@cindex @code{relax-section} command-line option, Nios II
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@item -relax-section
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Replace identified out-of-range branches with PC-relative @code{jmp}
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sequences when possible. The generated code sequences are suitable
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for use in position-independent code, but there is a practical limit
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on the extended branch range because of the length of the sequences.
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This option is the default.
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@cindex @code{relax-all} command-line option, Nios II
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@item -relax-all
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Replace branch instructions not determinable to be in range
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and all call instructions with @code{jmp} and @code{callr} sequences
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(respectively). This option generates absolute relocations against the
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target symbols and is not appropriate for position-independent code.
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@cindex @code{no-relax} command-line option, Nios II
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@item -no-relax
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Do not replace any branches or calls.
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@cindex @code{EB} command-line option, Nios II
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@item -EB
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Generate big-endian output.
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@cindex @code{EL} command-line option, Nios II
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@item -EL
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Generate little-endian output. This is the default.
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@cindex @code{march} command-line option, Nios II
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@item -march=@var{architecture}
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This option specifies the target architecture. The assembler issues
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an error message if an attempt is made to assemble an instruction which
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will not execute on the target architecture. The following architecture
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names are recognized:
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@code{r1},
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@code{r2}.
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The default is @code{r1}.
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@end table
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@c man end
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@node Nios II Syntax
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@section Syntax
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@menu
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* Nios II Chars:: Special Characters
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@end menu
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@node Nios II Chars
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@subsection Special Characters
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@cindex line comment character, Nios II
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@cindex Nios II line comment character
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@cindex line separator character, Nios II
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@cindex Nios II line separator character
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@samp{#} is the line comment character.
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@samp{;} is the line separator character.
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@node Nios II Relocations
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@section Nios II Machine Relocations
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@cindex machine relocations, Nios II
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@cindex Nios II machine relocations
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@table @code
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@cindex @code{hiadj} directive, Nios II
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@item %hiadj(@var{expression})
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Extract the upper 16 bits of @var{expression} and add
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one if the 15th bit is set.
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The value of @code{%hiadj(@var{expression})} is:
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@smallexample
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((@var{expression} >> 16) & 0xffff) + ((@var{expression} >> 15) & 0x01)
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@end smallexample
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The @code{%hiadj} relocation is intended to be used with
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the @code{addi}, @code{ld} or @code{st} instructions
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along with a @code{%lo}, in order to load a 32-bit constant.
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@smallexample
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movhi r2, %hiadj(symbol)
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addi r2, r2, %lo(symbol)
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@end smallexample
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@cindex @code{hi} directive, Nios II
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@item %hi(@var{expression})
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Extract the upper 16 bits of @var{expression}.
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@cindex @code{lo} directive, Nios II
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@item %lo(@var{expression})
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Extract the lower 16 bits of @var{expression}.
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@cindex @code{gprel} directive, Nios II
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@item %gprel(@var{expression})
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Subtract the value of the symbol @code{_gp} from
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@var{expression}.
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The intention of the @code{%gprel} relocation is
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to have a fast small area of memory which only
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takes a 16-bit immediate to access.
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@smallexample
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.section .sdata
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fastint:
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.int 123
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.section .text
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ldw r4, %gprel(fastint)(gp)
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@end smallexample
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@cindex @code{call} directive, Nios II
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@cindex @code{call_lo} directive, Nios II
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@cindex @code{call_hiadj} directive, Nios II
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@cindex @code{got} directive, Nios II
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@cindex @code{got_lo} directive, Nios II
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@cindex @code{got_hiadj} directive, Nios II
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@cindex @code{gotoff} directive, Nios II
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@cindex @code{gotoff_lo} directive, Nios II
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@cindex @code{gotoff_hiadj} directive, Nios II
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@cindex @code{tls_gd} directive, Nios II
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@cindex @code{tls_ie} directive, Nios II
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@cindex @code{tls_le} directive, Nios II
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@cindex @code{tls_ldm} directive, Nios II
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@cindex @code{tls_ldo} directive, Nios II
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@item %call(@var{expression})
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@item %call_lo(@var{expression})
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@item %call_hiadj(@var{expression})
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@itemx %got(@var{expression})
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@itemx %got_lo(@var{expression})
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@itemx %got_hiadj(@var{expression})
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@itemx %gotoff(@var{expression})
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@itemx %gotoff_lo(@var{expression})
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@itemx %gotoff_hiadj(@var{expression})
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@itemx %tls_gd(@var{expression})
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@itemx %tls_ie(@var{expression})
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@itemx %tls_le(@var{expression})
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@itemx %tls_ldm(@var{expression})
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@itemx %tls_ldo(@var{expression})
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These relocations support the ABI for Linux Systems documented in the
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@cite{Nios II Processor Reference Handbook}.
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@end table
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@node Nios II Directives
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@section Nios II Machine Directives
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@cindex machine directives, Nios II
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@cindex Nios II machine directives
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@table @code
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@cindex @code{align} directive, Nios II
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@item .align @var{expression} [, @var{expression}]
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This is the generic @code{.align} directive, however
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this aligns to a power of two.
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@cindex @code{half} directive, Nios II
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@item .half @var{expression}
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Create an aligned constant 2 bytes in size.
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@cindex @code{word} directive, Nios II
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@item .word @var{expression}
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Create an aligned constant 4 bytes in size.
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@cindex @code{dword} directive, Nios II
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@item .dword @var{expression}
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Create an aligned constant 8 bytes in size.
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@cindex @code{2byte} directive, Nios II
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@item .2byte @var{expression}
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Create an unaligned constant 2 bytes in size.
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@cindex @code{4byte} directive, Nios II
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@item .4byte @var{expression}
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Create an unaligned constant 4 bytes in size.
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@cindex @code{8byte} directive, Nios II
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@item .8byte @var{expression}
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Create an unaligned constant 8 bytes in size.
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@cindex @code{16byte} directive, Nios II
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@item .16byte @var{expression}
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Create an unaligned constant 16 bytes in size.
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@cindex @code{set noat} directive, Nios II
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@item .set noat
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Allows assembly code to use @code{at} register without
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warning. Macro or relaxation expansions
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generate warnings.
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@cindex @code{set at} directive, Nios II
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@item .set at
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Assembly code using @code{at} register generates
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warnings, and macro expansion and relaxation are
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enabled.
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@cindex @code{set nobreak} directive, Nios II
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@item .set nobreak
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Allows assembly code to use @code{ba} and @code{bt}
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registers without warning.
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@cindex @code{set break} directive, Nios II
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@item .set break
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Turns warnings back on for using @code{ba} and @code{bt}
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registers.
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@cindex @code{set norelax} directive, Nios II
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@item .set norelax
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Do not replace any branches or calls.
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@cindex @code{set relaxsection} directive, Nios II
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@item .set relaxsection
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Replace identified out-of-range branches with
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@code{jmp} sequences (default).
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@cindex @code{set relaxall} directive, Nios II
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@item .set relaxsection
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Replace all branch and call instructions with
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@code{jmp} and @code{callr} sequences.
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@cindex @code{set} directive, Nios II
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@item .set @dots{}
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All other @code{.set} are the normal use.
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@end table
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@node Nios II Opcodes
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@section Opcodes
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@cindex Nios II opcodes
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@cindex opcodes for Nios II
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@code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard Nios II opcodes documented in the
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@cite{Nios II Processor Reference Handbook}, including the assembler
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pseudo-instructions.
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