Yes, the target is marked obsolete due to this and other segfaults,
but this one is easy enough to fix.
* elf32-arm.c (elf32_arm_final_link_relocate): Don't segfault
on sym_sec not being output.
This commit follows on from the earlier commit "libctf, ld, binutils:
add textual error/warning reporting for libctf" and converts every error
in libctf that was reported using ctf_dprintf to use ctf_err_warn
instead, gettextizing them in the process, using N_() where necessary to
avoid doing gettext calls unless an error message is actually generated,
and rephrasing some error messages for ease of translation.
This requires a slight change in the ctf_errwarning_next API: this API
is public but has not been in a release yet, so can still change freely.
The problem is that many errors are emitted at open time (whether
opening of a CTF dict, or opening of a CTF archive): the former of these
throws away its incompletely-initialized ctf_file_t rather than return
it, and the latter has no ctf_file_t at all. So errors and warnings
emitted at open time cannot be stored in the ctf_file_t, and have to go
elsewhere.
We put them in a static local in ctf-subr.c (which is not very
thread-safe: a later commit will improve things here): ctf_err_warn with
a NULL fp adds to this list, and the public interface
ctf_errwarning_next with a NULL fp retrieves from it.
We need a slight exception from the usual iterator rules in this case:
with a NULL fp, there is nowhere to store the ECTF_NEXT_END "error"
which signifies the end of iteration, so we add a new err parameter to
ctf_errwarning_next which is used to report such iteration-related
errors. (If an fp is provided -- i.e., if not reporting open errors --
this is optional, but even if it's optional it's still an API change.
This is actually useful from a usability POV as well, since
ctf_errwarning_next is usually called when there's been an error, so
overwriting the error code with ECTF_NEXT_END is not very helpful!
So, unusually, ctf_errwarning_next now uses the passed fp for its
error code *only* if no errp pointer is passed in, and leaves it
untouched otherwise.)
ld, objdump and readelf are adapted to call ctf_errwarning_next with a
NULL fp to report open errors where appropriate.
The ctf_err_warn API also has to change, gaining a new error-number
parameter which is used to add the error message corresponding to that
error number into the debug stream when LIBCTF_DEBUG is enabled:
changing this API is easy at this point since we are already touching
all existing calls to gettextize them. We need this because the debug
stream should contain the errno's message, but the error reported in the
error/warning stream should *not*, because the caller will probably
report it themselves at failure time regardless, and reporting it in
every error message that leads up to it leads to a ridiculous chattering
on failure, which is likely to end up as ridiculous chattering on stderr
(trimmed a bit):
CTF error: `ld/testsuite/ld-ctf/A.c (0): lookup failure for type 3: flags 1: The parent CTF dictionary is unavailable'
CTF error: `ld/testsuite/ld-ctf/A.c (0): struct/union member type hashing error during type hashing for type 80000001, kind 6: The parent CTF dictionary is unavailable'
CTF error: `deduplicating link variable emission failed for ld/testsuite/ld-ctf/A.c: The parent CTF dictionary is unavailable'
ld/.libs/lt-ld-new: warning: CTF linking failed; output will have no CTF section: `The parent CTF dictionary is unavailable'
We only need to be told that the parent CTF dictionary is unavailable
*once*, not over and over again!
errmsgs are still emitted on warning generation, because warnings do not
usually lead to a failure propagated up to the caller and reported
there.
Debug-stream messages are not translated. If translation is turned on,
there will be a mixture of English and translated messages in the debug
stream, but rather that than burden the translators with debug-only
output.
binutils/ChangeLog
2020-08-27 Nick Alcock <nick.alcock@oracle.com>
* objdump.c (dump_ctf_archive_member): Move error-
reporting...
(dump_ctf_errs): ... into this separate function.
(dump_ctf): Call it on open errors.
* readelf.c (dump_ctf_archive_member): Move error-
reporting...
(dump_ctf_errs): ... into this separate function. Support
calls with NULL fp. Adjust for new err parameter to
ctf_errwarning_next.
(dump_section_as_ctf): Call it on open errors.
include/ChangeLog
2020-08-27 Nick Alcock <nick.alcock@oracle.com>
* ctf-api.h (ctf_errwarning_next): New err parameter.
ld/ChangeLog
2020-08-27 Nick Alcock <nick.alcock@oracle.com>
* ldlang.c (lang_ctf_errs_warnings): Support calls with NULL fp.
Adjust for new err parameter to ctf_errwarning_next. Only
check for assertion failures when fp is non-NULL.
(ldlang_open_ctf): Call it on open errors.
* testsuite/ld-ctf/ctf.exp: Always use the C locale to avoid
breaking the diags tests.
libctf/ChangeLog
2020-08-27 Nick Alcock <nick.alcock@oracle.com>
* ctf-subr.c (open_errors): New list.
(ctf_err_warn): Calls with NULL fp append to open_errors. Add err
parameter, and use it to decorate the debug stream with errmsgs.
(ctf_err_warn_to_open): Splice errors from a CTF dict into the
open_errors.
(ctf_errwarning_next): Calls with NULL fp report from open_errors.
New err param to report iteration errors (including end-of-iteration)
when fp is NULL.
(ctf_assert_fail_internal): Adjust ctf_err_warn call for new err
parameter: gettextize.
* ctf-impl.h (ctfo_get_vbytes): Add ctf_file_t parameter.
(LCTF_VBYTES): Adjust.
(ctf_err_warn_to_open): New.
(ctf_err_warn): Adjust.
(ctf_bundle): Used in only one place: move...
* ctf-create.c: ... here.
(enumcmp): Use ctf_err_warn, not ctf_dprintf, passing the err number
down as needed. Don't emit the errmsg. Gettextize.
(membcmp): Likewise.
(ctf_add_type_internal): Likewise.
(ctf_write_mem): Likewise.
(ctf_compress_write): Likewise. Report errors writing the header or
body.
(ctf_write): Likewise.
* ctf-archive.c (ctf_arc_write_fd): Use ctf_err_warn, not
ctf_dprintf, and gettextize, as above.
(ctf_arc_write): Likewise.
(ctf_arc_bufopen): Likewise.
(ctf_arc_open_internal): Likewise.
* ctf-labels.c (ctf_label_iter): Likewise.
* ctf-open-bfd.c (ctf_bfdclose): Likewise.
(ctf_bfdopen): Likewise.
(ctf_bfdopen_ctfsect): Likewise.
(ctf_fdopen): Likewise.
* ctf-string.c (ctf_str_write_strtab): Likewise.
* ctf-types.c (ctf_type_resolve): Likewise.
* ctf-open.c (get_vbytes_common): Likewise. Pass down the ctf dict.
(get_vbytes_v1): Pass down the ctf dict.
(get_vbytes_v2): Likewise.
(flip_ctf): Likewise.
(flip_types): Likewise. Use ctf_err_warn, not ctf_dprintf, and
gettextize, as above.
(upgrade_types_v1): Adjust calls.
(init_types): Use ctf_err_warn, not ctf_dprintf, as above.
(ctf_bufopen_internal): Likewise. Adjust calls. Transplant errors
emitted into individual dicts into the open errors if this turns
out to be a failed open in the end.
* ctf-dump.c (ctf_dump_format_type): Adjust ctf_err_warn for new err
argument. Gettextize. Don't emit the errmsg.
(ctf_dump_funcs): Likewise. Collapse err label into its only case.
(ctf_dump_type): Likewise.
* ctf-link.c (ctf_create_per_cu): Adjust ctf_err_warn for new err
argument. Gettextize. Don't emit the errmsg.
(ctf_link_one_type): Likewise.
(ctf_link_lazy_open): Likewise.
(ctf_link_one_input_archive): Likewise.
(ctf_link_deduplicating_count_inputs): Likewise.
(ctf_link_deduplicating_open_inputs): Likewise.
(ctf_link_deduplicating_close_inputs): Likewise.
(ctf_link_deduplicating): Likewise.
(ctf_link): Likewise.
(ctf_link_deduplicating_per_cu): Likewise. Add some missed
ctf_set_errnos to obscure error cases.
* ctf-dedup.c (ctf_dedup_rhash_type): Adjust ctf_err_warn for new
err argument. Gettextize. Don't emit the errmsg.
(ctf_dedup_populate_mappings): Likewise.
(ctf_dedup_detect_name_ambiguity): Likewise.
(ctf_dedup_init): Likewise.
(ctf_dedup_multiple_input_dicts): Likewise.
(ctf_dedup_conflictify_unshared): Likewise.
(ctf_dedup): Likewise.
(ctf_dedup_rwalk_one_output_mapping): Likewise.
(ctf_dedup_id_to_target): Likewise.
(ctf_dedup_emit_type): Likewise.
(ctf_dedup_emit_struct_members): Likewise.
(ctf_dedup_populate_type_mapping): Likewise.
(ctf_dedup_populate_type_mappings): Likewise.
(ctf_dedup_emit): Likewise.
(ctf_dedup_hash_type): Likewise. Fix a bit of messed-up error
status setting.
(ctf_dedup_rwalk_one_output_mapping): Likewise. Don't hide
unknown-type-kind messages (which signify file corruption).
We gettextize under our package name, which we change to a more
reasonable 'libctf'. Our internationalization support is mostly
provided by ctf-intl.h, which is a copy of opcodes/opintl.h with
the non-gettext_noop N_() expansion debracketed to avoid pedantic
compiler warnings.
The libctf error strings returned by ctf_errmsg are marked up for
internationalization.
(We also adjust binutils's Makefile a tiny bit to allow for the
fact that libctf now uses functions from libintl.)
binutils/ChangeLog
2020-08-27 Nick Alcock <nick.alcock@oracle.com>
* Makefile.am (readelf_LDADD): Move $(LIBINTL) after $(LIBCTF_NOBFD).
* Makefile.in: Regenerated.
libctf/ChangeLog
2020-08-27 Nick Alcock <nick.alcock@oracle.com>
* configure.ac: Adjust package name to simply 'libctf': arbitrarily
declare this to be version 1.2.0.
* Makefile.am (AM_CPPFLAGS): Add @INCINTL@.
* Makefile.in: Regenerated.
* configure: Regenerated.
* ctf-intl.h: New file, lightly modified from opcodes/opintl.h.
* ctf-impl.h: Include it.
* ctf-error.r (_ctf_errlist_t): Mark strings as noop-translatable.
(ctf_errmsg): Actually translate them.
PR 19011
* emultempl/pe.em (DEFAULT_DLL_CHARACTERISTICS): Define.
(pe_dll_characteristics): Initialise to DEFAULT_DLL_CHARACTERISTICS.
(add_options): Add options to disable DLL characteristics.
(list_options): List the new options.
(handle_options): Handle the new options.
* emultempl/pep.em: Similar changes to above.
(NT_EXE_IMAGE_BASE): Default to an address above 4G.
(NT_DLL_IMAGE_BASE, NT_DLL_AUTO_IMAGE_BASE,
(NT_DLL_AUTO_IMAGE_MASK): Likewise.
* ld.texi: Document the new options.
* pe-dll.c (pe_dll_enable_reloc_section): Change to default to
true.
(generate_reloc): Do nothing if there is no reloc section.
(pe_exe_fill_sections): Only assign the reloc section contents if
the section exists.
* testsuite/ld-pe/pe.exp: Add the --disable-reloc-section flag to
the .secrel32 tests.
* testsuite/ld-scripts/provide-8.d: Expect for fail on PE targets.
* NEWS: Mention the change in DLL generation.
-fsanitize= can be used to build binutils with
$ CC="gcc -fsanitize=address,undefined" CXX="g++ -fsanitize=address,undefined" .../configure --disable-werror
Since not all linker tests are compatible with -fsanitize=, pass
$NOSANTIZE_CFLAGS to disable -fsanitize= for such tests.
* testsuite/ld-elf/indirect.exp: Append $NOSANTIZE_CFLAGS to CC.
* testsuite/ld-elf/shared.exp: Likewise.
* testsuite/ld-elfcomm/elfcomm.exp: Likewise.
* testsuite/ld-elfvers/vers.exp: Likewise.
* testsuite/ld-elfvsb/elfvsb.exp: Likewise.
* testsuite/ld-elfweak/elfweak.exp: Likewise.
* testsuite/ld-plugin/lto.exp: Likewise.
* testsuite/ld-plugin/plugin.exp: Likewise.
* testsuite/ld-scripts/crossref.exp: Likewise.
PR 26416
* elf64-alpha.c (elf64_alpha_relax_tls_get_addr): Test for and
ignore local symbols.
(elf64_alpha_relax_got_load): Do not check for local dynamic
symbols.
(OP_LDA, OP_LDAH, OP_LDQ, OP_BR, OP_BSR): Use unsigned constant
values.
(INSN_A) Cast the A parameter to unsigned.
(INSN_AB): Define in terms of INSN_A.
(INSN_ABC): Likewise.
(INSN_ABO): Likewise.
(INSN_AD): Likewise.
Happens when poking symbol index -2 into r_info. (The index is
updated before writing out to file.)
PR 26458
* elf/common.h (ELF32_R_INFO): Cast symbol index to unsigned.
Besides avoiding the UB, this also makes right shifts inside
expression symbols unsigned, consistent with the way gas evaluates
expressions in source.
PR 26448
* symbols.c: Include limits.h.
(resolve_symbol_value <O_left_shift, O_right_shift>): Do an
unsigned shift. Warn if shift count larger than valueT size.
An unsigned short value is promoted to int, thus triggering UB on a
left shift of a positive value that results in a negative int.
PR 26415
* vms-misc.c (vms_time_t_to_vms_time): Don't use unsigned short vars.
This patch adds support for xBPF, another ISA targetting the BPF
virtual architecture. For now, the primary difference between eBPF
and xBPF is that xBPF supports indirect calls through the
'call %reg' form of the call instruction.
bfd/
* archures.c (bfd_mach_xbpf): Define.
* bfd-in2.h: Regenerate.
* cpu-bpf.c (bfd_xbpf_arch) New.
(bfd_bpf_arch) Update next in list field to point to xbpf arch.
cpu/
* bpf.cpu (arch bpf): Add xbpf mach and isas.
(define-xbpf-isa) New pmacro.
(all-isas) Add xbpfle,xbpfbe.
(endian-isas): New pmacro.
(mach xbpf): New.
(model xbpf-def): Likewise.
(h-gpr): Add xbpf mach.
(f-dstle, f-srcle, dstle, srcle): Add xbpfle isa.
(f-dstbe, f-srcbe, dstbe, srcbe): Add xbpfbe isa.
(define-alu-insn-un): Use new endian-isas pmacro.
(define-alu-insn-bin, define-alu-insn-mov): Likewise.
(define-endian-insn, define-lddw): Likewise.
(dlind, dxli, dxsi, dsti): Likewise.
(define-cond-jump-insn, define-call-insn): Likewise.
(define-atomic-insns): Likewise.
gas/
* config/tc-bpf.c: Add option -mxbpf to select xbpf isa.
* testsuite/gas/bpf/indcall-1.d: New file.
* testsuite/gas/bpf/indcall-1.s: Likewise.
* testsuite/gas/bpf/indcall-bad-1.l: Likewise.
* testsuite/gas/bpf/indcall-bad-1.s: Likewise.
* testsuite/gas/bpf/bpf.exp: Run new tests.
opcodes/
* bpf-desc.c: Regenerate.
* bpf-desc.h: Likewise.
* bpf-opc.c: Likewise.
* bpf-opc.h: Likewise.
* disassemble.c (disassemble_init_for_target): Set bits for xBPF
ISA when appropriate.
This patch updates gdb/MAINTAINERS with ARC as a target and
myself as the maintainer. There is no mention of "-Werror"
because that is enabled by default for gdb/ targets now.
gdb/ChangeLog:
* MAINTAINERS: Add ARC target and maintainer.
ARC Linux targets differences from baremetal:
- No support for hardware single instruction stepping.
- Different access rules to registers.
- Use of another instruction for breakpoints.
v2: Changes after Tom's remarks [1]
arc-linux-tdep.c
- Use true/false instead of TRUE/FALSE.
- arc_linux_sw_breakpoint_from_kind (): Break long lines into two.
- arc_linux_sw_breakpoint_from_kind (): Remove starting blank line.
- Use explicit number evaluation, e.g: if (a & b) -> if ((a & b) != 0)
arc-tdep.c
- Use explicit number evaluation, e.g: if (a & b) -> if ((a & b) != 0)
gdb/configure.tgt
- arc*-*-linux*): Remove "build_gdbserver=yes".
v3: Changes after Simon's remarks [2]
arc-linux-tdep.c
- Use "return trap_size" instead of cryptic "return 2".
- Removed unnecessary curly braces.
- Removed "void" from "_initialize_arc_linux_tdep (void)".
v5: Changes after Simon's remarks [3]
- Remove unnecessary empty lines.
- Replace "breakpoint uses" with "breakpoints use" in a comment.
- "return condition;" i.s.o. "if (condition) return true; else return false;"
[1] Tom's remarks
https://sourceware.org/pipermail/gdb-patches/2020-April/167887.html
[2] Simon's remarks on v2
https://sourceware.org/pipermail/gdb-patches/2020-May/168513.html
[3] Simon's remarks on v4
https://sourceware.org/pipermail/gdb-patches/2020-August/170994.html
gdb/ChangeLog:
2020-08-25 Anton Kolesov <anton.kolesov@synopsys.com>
* configure.tgt: ARC support for GNU/Linux.
* Makefile.in (ALL_TARGET_OBJS): Likewise.
* arc-linux-tdep.c: New file.
* arc-tdep.h (ARC_STATUS32_L_MASK, ARC_STATUS32_DE_MASK): Declare.
* arc-tdep.c (arc_write_pc): Use it.
For ARC there are registers that are not part of a required set in XML
target descriptions by default, but are almost always present on ARC
targets and are universally exposed by the ptrace interface. Hardware
loop registers being one of them.
LP_START and LP_END auxiliary registers are hardware loop start and end.
Formally, they are optional, but it is hard to find an ARC configuration
that doesn't have them. They are always present in processors that can
run GNU/Linux. GDB needs to know about those registers to implement
proper software single stepping, since they affect what instruction
will be next.
This commit adds the code to check for the existance of "lp_start" and
"lp_end" in XML target descriptions. If they exist, then the function
reports that the target supports hardware loops.
gdb/ChangeLog:
* arc-tdep.c (arc_check_for_hardware_loop): New.
* arc-tdep.h (gdbarch_tdep): New field has_hw_loops.
gdb/doc/ChangeLog:
* gdb.texinfo (Synopsys ARC): Document LP_START, LP_END and BTA.
A few changes have been made to make the register support simpler,
more flexible and extendible. The trigger for most of these changes
are the remarks [1] made earlier for v2 of this patch. The noticeable
improvements are:
- The arc XML target features are placed under gdb/features/arc
- There are two cores (based on ISA) and one auxiliary feature:
v1-core: ARC600, ARC601, ARC700
v2-core: ARC EM, ARC HS
aux: common in both
- The XML target features represent a minimalistic sane set of
registers irrespective of application (baremetal or linux).
- A concept of "feature" class has been introduced in the code.
The "feature" object is constructed from BFD and GDBARCH data.
It contains necessary information (ISA and register size) to
determine which XML target feature to use.
- A new structure (ARC_REGISTER_FEATURE) is added that allows
providing index, names, and the necessity of registers. This
simplifies the sanity checks and future extendibility.
- Documnetation has been updated to reflect ARC features better.
- Although the feature names has changed, there still exists
backward compatibility with older names through
find_obsolete_[core,aux]_names() functions.
The last two points were inspired from RiscV port.
[1]
https://sourceware.org/pipermail/gdb-patches/2020-May/168511.html
gdb/ChangeLog:
* arch/arc.h
(arc_gdbarch_features): New class to stir the selection of target XML.
(arc_create_target_description): Use FEATURES to choose XML target.
(arc_lookup_target_description): Use arc_create_target_description
to create _new_ target descriptions or return the already created
ones if the FEATURES is the same.
* arch/arc.c: Implementation of prototypes described above.
* gdb/arc-tdep.h (arc_regnum enum): Add more registers.
(arc_gdbarch_features_init): Initialize the FEATURES struct.
* arc-tdep.c (*_feature_name): Make feature names consistent.
(arc_register_feature): A new struct to hold information about
registers of a particular target/feature.
(arc_check_tdesc_feature): Check if XML provides registers in
compliance with ARC_REGISTER_FEATURE structs.
(arc_update_acc_reg_names): Add aliases for r58 and r59.
(determine_*_reg_feature_set): Which feature name to look for.
(arc_gdbarch_features_init): Given MACH and ABFD, initialize FEATURES.
(mach_type_to_arc_isa): Convert from a set of binutils machine types
to expected ISA enums to be used in arc_gdbarch_features structs.
* features/Makefile (FEATURE_XMLFILES): Add new files.
* gdb/features/arc/v1-aux.c: New file.
* gdb/features/arc/v1-aux.xml: Likewise.
* gdb/features/arc/v1-core.c: Likewise.
* gdb/features/arc/v1-core.xml: Likewise.
* gdb/features/arc/v2-aux.c: Likewise.
* gdb/features/arc/v2-aux.xml: Likewise.
* gdb/features/arc/v2-core.c: Likewise.
* gdb/features/arc/v2-core.xml: Likewise.
* NEWS (Changes since GDB 9): Announce obsolence of old feature names.
gdb/doc/ChangeLog:
* gdb.texinfo (Synopsys ARC): Update the documentation for ARC
Features.
gdb/testsuite/ChangeLog:
* gdb.arch/arc-tdesc-cpu.xml: Use new feature names.
Commit 1eb8556f5a ("gdb: add infrun_debug_printf macro") changed the
debug output format for `set debug infrun 1`. The test
gdb.threads/stepi-random-signal.exp uses that debug output, and was
updated, but not correctly. It results in this failure:
FAIL: gdb.threads/stepi-random-signal.exp: stepi (no random signal)
Fix it by adjusting the pattern in the test.
gdb/testsuite/ChangeLog:
PR gdb/26532
* gdb.threads/stepi-random-signal.exp: Update pattern.
Change-Id: If5fa525e9545e32a286effe6a6184358374bd37c
Commit 1eb8556f5a ("gdb: add infrun_debug_printf macro") changed the
debug output format for `set debug infrun 1`. It broke test
gdb.base/ui-redirect.exp, which I missed:
FAIL: gdb.base/ui-redirect.exp: debugging: continue
Fix it by adjusting the pattern in the test to the new reality.
gdb/testsuite/ChangeLog:
PR gdb/26532
* gdb.base/ui-redirect.exp: Update pattern.
Change-Id: Ie8a8f6675e35a0cab55109b1534b44eb51baec9d
When building with gcc with -gdwarf-5 ld tests (including ld-elf/dwarf.exp)
fail because they try to read the .debug_ranges section. But DWARF5
introduces a new .debug_rnglists section that encodes the address ranges
more efficiently. Implement reading the debug_rnglists in bfd/dwarf2.c.
Which makes all tests pass again and fixes several gcc testsuite tests
when defaulting to DWARF5.
* dwarf2.c (struct dwarf2_debug_file): Add dwarf_rnglists_buffer
and dwarf_rnglists_size fields.
(dwarf_debug_sections): Add debug_rnglists.
(dwarf_debug_section_enum): Likewise.
(read_debug_rnglists): New function.
(read_rangelist): New function to call either read_ranges or
read_rnglists. Rename original function to...
(read_ranges): ...this.
(read_rnglists): New function.
gdb.dwarf2/dw2-dir-file-name.exp fails to build using Clang because
the generated assembly language contains .ascii directives with more
than one string literal. gdb.dwarf2/dw2-restore.exp fails to build
using Clang because it contains .func and .endfunc directives.
This commit causes Clang to invoke the system assembler to assemble
the relevant files.
gdb/testsuite/ChangeLog:
* gdb.dwarf2/dw2-dir-file-name.exp: Use system assembler
when compiling with clang.
* gdb.dwarf2/dw2-restore.exp: Likewise
gdb.cp/ambiguous.exp failed to build using clang with the following
error:
gdb compile failed, /gdbtest/src/gdb/testsuite/gdb.cp/ambiguous.cc:70:36:
warning: direct base 'A1' is inaccessible due to ambiguity:
class JVA1 -> class KV -> class A1
class JVA1 -> class A1 [-Winaccessible-base]
class JVA1 : public KV, public LV, public A1 {
^~~~~~~~~
This commit builds this testcase with -Wno-inaccessible-base when
using clang, to avoid this failure.
Furthermore, gdb.cp/ambiguous.exp has been disabled when using GCC
since 1998. This commit enables this testcase, building with
-Wno-inaccessible-base when using GCC >= 10.1, and -w otherwise.
gdb/testsuite/ChangeLog:
* gdb.cp/ambiguous.exp: Enable test when compiling with GCC.
Add additional_flags=-Wno-inaccessible-base when compiling
with GCC >= 10.1 or clang. Add additional_flags=-w when
compiling with GCC < 10.
